JP3929940B2 - Dietary fiber intake composition - Google Patents
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- JP3929940B2 JP3929940B2 JP2003182485A JP2003182485A JP3929940B2 JP 3929940 B2 JP3929940 B2 JP 3929940B2 JP 2003182485 A JP2003182485 A JP 2003182485A JP 2003182485 A JP2003182485 A JP 2003182485A JP 3929940 B2 JP3929940 B2 JP 3929940B2
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【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は便通改善用食品として有用な食物繊維摂取用組成物に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
ヒトの消化管内で消化吸収を受けず、大腸まで到達する難消化性糖類のうち、高分子量のものは食物繊維、低分子量のものは難消化性オリゴ糖に分類される。また、一般に食物繊維のうち腸内細菌によって発酵を受けるものは発酵性食物繊維、発酵を受けないものは難発酵性食物繊維に分類される。発酵性食物繊維や難消化性オリゴ糖は、腸内の有用菌を増加させて腸内環境を整えるとともに、腸内細菌の発酵生成物である短鎖脂肪酸を介して大腸運動を促進し、便通を促す機能を有することが知られている。
【０００３】
難消化性オリゴ糖は発酵性食物繊維に比較して腸内で発酵される速度が速いため、即効的な腸内環境改善効果に優れている。また、粘度が低いため口腔内で違和感がなく摂取しやすいという特徴を有している。ただし、難消化性オリゴ糖は急激な発酵や、浸透圧に伴い腹痛や膨満感を誘発しやすいという欠点がある。一方、発酵性食物繊維は難消化性オリゴ糖に比較して腸内でゆっくりと発酵されるため、大腸の末端まで発酵生成物である短鎖脂肪酸を行き渡らせることが可能である。また、浸透圧にほとんど影響しないために腹痛などを誘発し難い。短鎖脂肪酸は大腸上皮細胞のエネルギー源となる。また、それ自体が大腸運動を促進するため、大腸末端に短鎖脂肪酸を運搬する発酵性食物繊維は大腸を健康に保ち、排便を促進するために重要と考えられている。難発酵性食物繊維は便の骨格を形成し、便嵩と便水分を適正に保ち便通を促す機能を有している。また、充分な水分を摂取することは便秘の予防と解消に有効であることが知られている。
【０００４】
快適な排便習慣を確立するためには、バランスの良い食事を規則正しく摂り、上記の異なる作用の食物繊維や難消化性オリゴ糖および水分をバランス良く充分量摂取することが重要である。しかしながら、現代人には食生活の乱れが原因となり便秘悩みを有する人も多く、便通を効果的に促進でき、なおかつ副作用の少ない食物繊維食品等の提案が望まれている。
【０００５】
難消化性オリゴ糖が腸内細菌の栄養になることに着目し、腸内細菌叢を改善して便通を改善するための食品が開発されている。そして、難消化性オリゴ糖とポリデキストロース、難消化性デキストリン等の食物繊維とを組み合わせた食品（特許文献１、２）も報告されている。しかしながら、これらの組成物は、便量は増加するが急な膨満感や軟便、下痢等の副作用が生じるといった問題がある。
【０００６】
一方、複数の食物繊維を配合する便通改善食品として、難水溶性食物繊維と水溶性食物繊維を配合したものが知られているが（特許文献３）、セルロースを主体とする難水溶性食物繊維の保水性は弱く、便性状を良好に保つために十分とは言い難い。便性状の良好化は便通改善作用には必須であり、この点から上記食品は充分な便通改善作用を発現し難い。加えて、最も摂取し易いと考えられる飲料形態では、難水溶性食物繊維を成分とする場合は配合上不利である。また、発酵性食物繊維と発酵性食物繊維を配合したもの（特許文献４）も報告されているが、便通改善効果発現の即効性に劣るといった欠点がある。
【０００７】
また、複数の食物繊維と難消化性オリゴ糖を含む栄養補助食品が報告されているが（特許文献５）、ほとんど水を含まないため発酵性食物繊維、難発酵性食物繊維ともに消化管内で充分に分子が広がらず、充分な保水性や短鎖脂肪酸生成能が発現しにくく、便通改善作用が劣る。また、水を含まないためにそのままでは摂取しにくく、摂取しやすい形態に加工するには時間がかかるといった問題がある。
【０００８】
【特許文献１】
特開昭６２−２２０１６９号公報
【特許文献２】
特開平２−２７６５５６号公報
【特許文献３】
特公平７−１２２９４号公報
【特許文献４】
国際公開第０１／９５７４６号パンフレット
【特許文献５】
特開２００３−９３０１７号公報
【０００９】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述のように、食物繊維と難消化性オリゴ糖を組み合わせた食品は、急な膨満感や軟便、下痢等の副作用が生じるといった点で、一方、複数の食物繊維を組み合わせた食品は、便通改善作用の即効性や摂取しやすさの点で、また、複数の食物繊維と難消化性オリゴ糖を含有し水を含まない食品は便通改善作用と摂取しやすさの点で問題があった。
従って、本発明の目的は、良好な便通改善効果を有し、なおかつ、副作用を生じず、摂取し易い食物繊維摂取用組成物を提供することにある。
【００１０】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで本発明者は、数多くの食物繊維や難消化性オリゴ糖を含む食品素材を用いて便通改善作用を検討してきたところ、大腸における発酵分解率が２５％未満の酸性多糖系食物繊維、大腸における発酵分解率が２５％以上の食物繊維、難消化性オリゴ糖、および水の４成分を組み合わせて配合することにより、良好な便通改善効果を有し、副作用がなく、摂取し易い食物繊維摂取用組成物が得られることを見出した。
【００１１】
すなわち、本発明は、（Ａ）大腸における発酵分解率が２５％未満の酸性多糖系食物繊維、（Ｂ）大腸における発酵分解率が２５％以上の食物繊維、（Ｃ）難消化性オリゴ糖、および（Ｄ）水を含有し、成分（Ａ）１重量部に対して、成分（Ｂ）および成分（Ｃ）を合計で０．１〜３重量部含有し、成分（Ｂ）１重量部に対して、成分（Ｃ）を０．０５〜５重量部含有する食物繊維摂取用組成物を提供することにある。
【００１２】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に用いられる大腸における発酵分解率が２５％未満の酸性多糖系食物繊維（Ａ）とは、酸性多糖系食物繊維のうち大腸における発酵分解率が２５％未満のものを指す。酸性多糖系食物繊維とは、カルボキシル基、スルホニル基、硫酸残基等の酸性基を多く有する食物繊維である。本発明に用いられる酸性多糖系食物繊維の１重量％溶液１ｍＬに０．０２Ｎの硫酸ナトリウム水溶液１ｍＬと１重量％のセチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド水溶液１ｍＬを添加すると白色沈殿が認められる。
また、大腸における発酵分解率が２５％未満の食物繊維は、厚生労働省通知「食新発第0217002号」において、エネルギー換算係数として０ｋｃａｌ／ｇが与えられている。一般的に大腸における発酵分解率が低くほとんどエネルギー源として利用されない食物繊維は、難発酵性食物繊維として知られている。
さらに、本発明に用いられる大腸における発酵分解率が２５％未満の酸性多糖系食物繊維は、ＡＯＡＣ公定法の食物繊維測定法（プロスキー法）にて定量される。すなわち、所定の条件下で一連の酵素処理後、約８０％のエタノール中で沈殿する残渣重量から非消化性タンパクと灰分を差し引いて測定される重量部である。
【００１３】
本発明に用いられる大腸における発酵分解率が２５％未満の酸性多糖系食物繊維（Ａ）は、植物、海藻または菌体から抽出、分解、精製工程を経て得られる。具体的には、アルギン酸、カラギーナン、フコイダン、ポルフィラン、アガロペクチン、カラヤガム、ジェランガム、キサンタンガムおよびこれらの塩類が挙げられる。当該酸性多糖系食物繊維は、大腸における発酵分解率が２５％未満の他の食物繊維に比較して優れた保水性を示し、便の水分量を適正に保ち、便性状を良好な状態に保つ性質を有している。
【００１４】
また、当該酸性多糖系食物繊維（Ａ）の水溶液の粘度は特に規定はないが、例えば低濃度でゲル化あるいは、高い粘度を有する当該酸性多糖系食物繊維を摂取しやすくするためには、水分や糖など他の構成要素で希釈する必要性が生じ、結果として組成物の量が多くなり、摂取しにくくなる。したがって、組成物を摂取しやすい形態とするために、当該酸性多糖系食物繊維（Ａ）は１重量％の水溶液が室温で流動性を有するものが好ましい。ここで流動性を有するとは、ビーカー内で調整した１重量％の水溶液が室温でビーカーを逆さにしたとき当該水溶液が流れ出る性質を有することをいう。また、その１重量％水溶液の粘度は２００ｍＰａ・ｓ以下、特に５０ｍＰａ・ｓ以下が好ましい。なお、粘度はＢ型粘度計を用い、回転子（ローターNo.２）に１分間あたり６０回の回転速度を加えて測定される。
【００１５】
本発明に用いられる大腸における発酵分解率が２５％以上の食物繊維（Ｂ）は、厚生労働省通知「食新発第0217002号」において、エネルギー換算係数として１または２ｋｃａｌ／ｇが与えられている。一般的に大腸において発酵、分解を受ける食物繊維は、発酵性食物繊維として知られている。
さらに、本発明に用いられる大腸における発酵分解率が２５％以上の食物繊維は、ＡＯＡＣ公定法の食物繊維測定法（プロスキー法）にて定量される。すなわち、所定の条件下で一連の酵素処理後、約８０％のエタノール中で沈殿する残渣重量から非消化性タンパクと灰分を差し引いて測定される重量部である。
【００１６】
本発明に用いられる大腸における発酵分解率が２５％以上の食物繊維（Ｂ）は、植物、海藻または菌体から抽出、分解、精製工程を経て得られる。具体的には、難消化性デキストリン、アラビアガム、グアーガム、グアーガム分解物、プルラン、水溶性コーンファイバー、ヘミセルロース、低分子ヘミセルロース、ペクチン、低分子ペクチン、大豆食物繊維、ローカストビーンガム、コンニャクマンナン、ガードラン等が挙げられる。当該食物繊維は、大腸において発酵分解を受け、短鎖脂肪酸を生成する。特に当該食物繊維は難消化性オリゴ糖に比較して、ゆっくりと発酵されるため大腸末端にまで短鎖脂肪酸を行き渡らせることが可能である。大腸内で便形状を保持させ、腸管に物理的刺激を与える大腸での発酵分解率が２５％未満の酸性多糖系食物繊維と、大腸末端に短鎖脂肪酸を生成させ、化学的刺激を与える大腸での発酵分解率が２５％以上の食物繊維の両方が作用することにより高い便通改善作用が得られることが確認された。
【００１７】
また、当該食物繊維（Ｂ）の水溶液の粘度は特に規定はないが、例えば低濃度でゲル化あるいは、高い粘度を有する当該食物繊維を摂取しやすくするためには、水分や糖など他の構成要素で希釈する必要性が生じ、結果として組成物の量が多くなり、摂取しにくくなる。したがって、組成物を摂取しやすい形態とするために、当該食物繊維（Ｂ）は１重量％の水溶液が室温で流動性を有するものが好ましい。また、その１重量％水溶液の粘度は２００ｍＰａ・ｓ以下、特に５０ｍＰａ・ｓ以下が好ましい。なお、粘度はＢ型粘度計を用い、回転子（ローターNo.２）に１分間あたり６０回の回転速度を加えて測定される。
【００１８】
本発明に用いられる難消化性オリゴ糖（Ｃ）は、ＡＯＡＣ公定法の食物繊維測定法（プロスキー法）において、一連の酵素処理後約８０％のエタノール中で沈殿しない３糖以上の分子量を有する難消化部である。このような難消化性オリゴとしては、ラフィノース系オリゴ糖、ガラクトース系オリゴ糖、レジスタントスターチ由来オリゴ糖、フラクトオリゴ糖、キシロオリゴ糖、乳果オリゴ糖、大豆オリゴ糖、イソマルトオリゴ糖、マンナンオリゴ糖等が挙げられる。難消化性オリゴ糖は腸内で速やかに発酵され、腸内有用菌の増殖を助け、腸内環境を整える。また、特に大腸の上部において発酵生成物である短鎖脂肪酸は腸内細菌の発酵生成物である短鎖脂肪酸を介して大腸運動を促進し、便通を促す機能を有している。また、正確な作用機序は明らかではないが、大腸における発酵分解率が２５％未満の酸性多糖系食物繊維（Ａ）と大腸における発酵分解率が２５％以上の食物繊維（Ｂ）と難消化性オリゴ糖（Ｃ）を併用することにより、難消化性オリゴ糖の整腸作用と即効的な便秘改善作用を阻害することなく、急激な膨満感や腹痛といった副作用を低減させることが確認された。
【００１９】
大腸における発酵分解率が２５％以上の食物繊維と難消化性オリゴ糖の合計量が、大腸における発酵分解率が２５％未満の酸性多糖系食物繊維に対して高すぎる組成物は、摂取しても便形状の良好化が発現しにくく、大腸内で物理的な刺激が充分でなく、結果として良好な便通改善作用が発現しにくい。また、大腸における発酵分解率が２５％以上の食物繊維と難消化性オリゴ糖の合計量が、大腸における発酵分解率が２５％未満の酸性多糖系食物繊維に対して低すぎる組成物は、摂取しても充分な整腸作用や短鎖脂肪酸による化学的な刺激が充分でなく、結果として良好な便通改善作用が発現しにくい。このように、副作用なく、良好な便通改善作用と整腸作用を発現するために、本発明組成物中の発酵分解率が２５％以上の食物繊維と難消化性オリゴ糖の合計量は、大腸における発酵分解率が２５％未満の酸性多糖系食物繊維１重量部に対して、０．１〜３重量部、さらに０．３〜３重量部、特に０．５〜２重量部が好ましい。
【００２０】
難消化性オリゴ糖の含有量が、大腸における発酵分解率が２５％以上の食物繊維に対して高すぎる組成物は、膨満感や腹痛といった副作用を生じる。また、難消化性オリゴ糖の含有量が、大腸における発酵分解率が２５％以上の食物繊維に対して低すぎる組成物は、整腸効果が弱く、また、即効的な便通改善効果に欠ける。このように、整腸効果と即効性、および副作用の点から、本発明組成物中の難消化性オリゴ糖の含有量は大腸における発酵分解率が２５％以上の食物繊維１重量部に対して０．０５〜５重量部、さらに０．２〜４重量部、特に０．３〜４重量部が好ましい。
【００２１】
前記２種類の食物繊維と難消化性オリゴ糖の含有量が高すぎる組成物は、食感が悪くなり摂取し難くなる。また、前記２種類の食物繊維と難消化性オリゴ糖の含有量が低すぎる組成物を用いて、充分な便通改善効果を得るためには、組成物の多量摂取が必要であり利用者に苦痛を生じさせる。このように、便通改善作用および日常の摂取しやすさの点から、本発明組成物中の大腸における発酵分解率が２５％未満の酸性多糖系食物繊維（Ａ）、大腸における発酵分解率が２５％以上の食物繊維（Ｂ）、難消化性オリゴ糖（Ｃ）の合計含有量は食物繊維摂取用組成物全体の１〜５０重量％、さらに２〜２０重量％、特に３〜１０重量％が好ましい。
【００２２】
本発明に用いられる水（Ｄ）は、前記２種の食物繊維を組成物内に均一に分散させ、かつ充分に膨潤させ、消化管内でそれぞれの作用を充分に発現させるために必要である。前記２種類の食物繊維は、あらかじめ水に充分に膨潤させてから摂取することにより、大腸内で保水性、保形性、および発酵性が最も良く発揮される。前記２種類の食物繊維を充分に膨潤させ、機能を発現させるという点から、水は食物繊維摂取用組成物中全体の少なくとも４０重量％以上、さらに６５重量％以上、特に８０重量％以上が好ましい。水に充分に膨潤していない成分（Ａ）は、保水性が劣り、水に充分に膨潤していない成分（Ｂ）は、大腸内で発酵しにくい。（Ａ）（Ｂ）（Ｃ）（Ｄ）の４成分を組み合わせて配合することにより、摂取し易い食物繊維摂取用組成物が得られ、同時に副作用の少ない良好な便通改善効果を有する。
【００２３】
本発明組成物の形態は、食物繊維を経口で摂取できる形態であれば特に限定されず、機能性食品、健康食品、スナック食品等の食品、医薬品等とすることができる。食品としては、パイ、クリーム、ゼリー、プリンといった生菓子や洋生菓子の他、飲料やゼリー飲料の形態が挙げられるが、特に摂取のし易さの点から飲料やゼリー飲料、ゼリーの形態が好ましい。
【００２４】
本発明組成物を食品等の形態にするには、前記４種の成分以外に、他の食物繊維、糖類（例えばデンプン、デキストリン、ショ糖等）、タンパク質（カゼイン、大豆タンパク質、卵白等）、ミネラル類（炭酸カルシウム、乳酸鉄等）、ビタミン類（ビタミンＡ、Ｂ1、Ｂ2、Ｂ12、Ｃ等）、米、大麦、小麦、大豆、とうもろこし、各種野菜、肉類、食用油、調味料等を適宜単独または組み合わせて配合することができる。
【００２５】
近年の日本人の食物繊維不足量を考慮すると、本発明組成物の摂取量は、１回（１食）当たりの食物繊維量として１〜１０ｇとするのが好ましい。また、本発明組成物の摂取形態としては、飲料やゼリー飲料、ゼリーが適している。特に、長期間摂取し続けることを考慮すると、低粘度で風味的にも飲みやすい飲料形態とすることが好ましい。
【００２６】
【実施例】
実施例１
表１に示す処方により、容量１２５ｇの飲料を製造した。
【００２７】
【表１】
比較例１
表２に示す処方により、アルギン酸ナトリウムと難消化性デキストリンの配合比が国際公開番号ＷＯ ０１／９５７４６Ａ１記載の配合比である容量１２５ｇの飲料を製造した。
【００２９】
【表２】
比較例２
表３に示す処方により、ポリデキストロースと難消化性オリゴ糖（ガラクトオリゴ糖）の配合比が特開昭６２−２２０１６９号記載の配合比である容量１２５ｇの飲料を製造した。
【００３１】
【表３】
慢性的に便秘悩みを有する女性２４名を対象とし、実施例１、比較例１、比較例２で示した３種類の飲料を１日１回、７日間連続摂取させる試験をクロスオーバーデザインで実施した。摂取終了後、対象者に飲料の便秘改善効果と膨満感や放屁などの不快感、便形状および風味について評価させた。その結果を表４に示した。実施例１の飲料の摂取により、便秘改善効果を感じた人は１６名であり、便秘改善効果を感じなかった人（５名）を大きく上回った。特に、摂取開始後３日以内に便秘改善効果を感じた人（１１名）は、感じなかった人（５名）を上回っており、実施例１の飲料は短期間で便秘改善効果をもたらすことが確認された。また、実施例１の飲料の摂取により、不快感を感じた人とお腹がゆるくなった人はそれぞれ４名、１名と少ないことが確認された。さらに、実施例１の飲料の風味について、毎日飲み続けられそうと思った人は１８名であり、そう思わなかった人（５名）を大きく上回ることが確認された。これらの結果から実施例１の飲料は便秘症状の改善に有効であるとともに、短期間で改善効果を実感でき、摂取しやすく、不快な膨満感や放屁、軟便といった副作用を誘引しにくいことが確認された。実施例１が、比較例１、２よりも短期間で便秘症状を改善する効果に優れていることは明らかである。また、実施例１が比較例２よりも、便秘症状を改善する効果、および副作用を誘引しにくい効果に優れていることは明らかである。
【００３３】
【表４】
実施例２
表５の配合処方により、容量１２５ｇの飲料を製造した。
【００３５】
【表５】
比較例３
表６の配合処方により、食物繊維と難消化性オリゴ糖が特開２００３−９３０１７号記載の配合比である粉体の食品を調製した。
【００３７】
【表６】
慢性的に便秘悩みを有する女性２０名を対象とし、ランダムに抽出した１０名に実施例２で示した飲料を１日１本、７日間連続摂取させた。残りの１０名には比較例３で示した粉体食品７ｇを１日１回摂取直前に１００ｍＬの水に溶解させて摂取させた。なお、比較例３の粉体食品７ｇ中には、食物繊維および難消化性オリゴ糖、およびこれらを含有する原材料または商品が６ｇ含有されている。摂取終了後、対象者に便秘改善効果と膨満感や放屁などの不快感、便形状および風味について評価させた。その結果を表７に示した。実施例２の飲料は、比較例３の粉体食品に水を加えたものに比較して、便秘症状の改善効果が顕著であるとともに、摂取しやすいことは明らかである。
【００３９】
【表７】
実施例３〜６および比較例４、５
表８の配合処方により、アルギン酸ナトリウムとグアーガムおよび難消化性オリゴ糖（ガラクトオリゴ糖）の合計量が同一で、グアーガムと難消化性オリゴ糖の配合比が異なる１２５ｇの飲料を製造した。
【００４１】
【表８】
慢性的に便秘悩みを有する女性１５名を対象とし、実施例３〜６および比較例４、５の６種類の飲料を１日１本、３日間連続摂取させる試験を行った。対象者には全ての種類の飲料を摂取させ、飲料の種類を変更する場合は４日間以上の期間をおいた。摂取終了後、便秘改善効果と膨満感や放屁などの不快感について評価させた。その結果を表９に示した。大腸での発酵分解率が２５％以上の食物繊維１重量部に対し、難消化性オリゴ糖を０．０５〜５重量部含有する実施例３〜６の飲料は、比較例４および５に比較し、短期間で便秘改善効果を実感できかつ膨満感や放屁などの不快感を誘発しにくいことが確認された。
【００４３】
【表９】
実施例７
表１０に示す処方により、３００ｇの飲料を製造した。
【００４５】
【表１０】
健常成人６人を対象とし、実施例３の飲料を１日１本、７日間摂取させた。その結果、毎日快適な排便があり、なおかつ、不快な膨満感や放屁、および下痢や軟便といった副作用症状は認められなかった。さらに、実施例３の飲料は止渇性に優れ、毎日飲み続けるのに適した風味であることを確認した。
【００４７】
実施例８
表１１に示す処方により、５００ｇの飲料を製造した。
【００４８】
【表１１】
健常成人６人を対象とし、実施例８の飲料を１日１本、３日間摂取させた。その結果、毎日快適な排便があり、なおかつ、不快な膨満感や放屁、および下痢や軟便といった副作用症状は認められなかった。さらに、実施例８の飲料は止渇性に優れ、毎日飲み続けるのに適した風味であることを確認した。
【００５０】
実施例９
表１２に示す処方により、ゼリーを製造した。
【００５１】
【表１２】
実施例１０
表１３に示す処方により、１５０ｇのゼリー飲料を調製した。
【００５３】
【表１３】
実施例１１
表１４に示す処方により、１５０ｇのゼリー飲料を調製した。
【００５５】
【表１４】
実施例１２
表１５に示す処方により、１２５ｇの飲料を調製した。
【００５７】
【表１５】
実施例１３
表１６に示す処方により、１２５ｇの飲料を調製した。
【００５９】
【表１６】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、良好な便通改善効果を有し、副作用がなく、摂取し易い食物繊維摂取用組成物が提供される。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a dietary fiber intake composition useful as a food for improving bowel movements.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Among the indigestible saccharides that do not undergo digestion and absorption in the human digestive tract and reach the large intestine, those having a high molecular weight are classified as dietary fiber, and those having a low molecular weight are classified as indigestible oligosaccharides. Generally, among the dietary fibers, those that are fermented by intestinal bacteria are classified as fermentable dietary fibers, and those that are not subjected to fermentation are classified as non-fermentable dietary fibers. Fermentable dietary fiber and difficult-to-digest oligosaccharides increase the number of useful bacteria in the intestine to adjust the intestinal environment, promote the movement of the large intestine through short-chain fatty acids that are fermentation products of intestinal bacteria, and allow bowel movements It is known to have a function of prompting.
[0003]
Indigestible oligosaccharides are faster in the intestine than fermentable dietary fiber, and thus have an immediate effect on improving the intestinal environment. Moreover, since it has a low viscosity, it has a feature that it is easy to ingest without a sense of discomfort in the oral cavity. However, indigestible oligosaccharides have the disadvantage that they tend to induce abdominal pain and fullness due to rapid fermentation and osmotic pressure. On the other hand, fermentable dietary fiber is fermented more slowly in the intestine than indigestible oligosaccharides, so that it is possible to distribute short-chain fatty acids that are fermentation products to the end of the large intestine. Moreover, since it hardly affects the osmotic pressure, it is difficult to induce abdominal pain. Short chain fatty acids are an energy source for colonic epithelial cells. In addition, since it itself promotes large intestine motility, fermentable dietary fiber that transports short chain fatty acids to the end of the large intestine is considered important for keeping the large intestine healthy and promoting defecation. The hardly fermentable dietary fiber forms a stool skeleton, and has the function of maintaining stool volume and stool moisture appropriately and promoting stool passage. In addition, it is known that taking sufficient water is effective in preventing and eliminating constipation.
[0004]
In order to establish a comfortable defecation habit, it is important to take a well-balanced diet regularly and to take a sufficient amount of the above-mentioned dietary fiber, indigestible oligosaccharide and water with different effects. However, there are many people who have constipation due to disorder of eating habits in modern people, and proposals for dietary fiber foods and the like that can effectively promote bowel movement and have few side effects are desired.
[0005]
Focusing on the fact that indigestible oligosaccharides serve as nutrients for intestinal bacteria, foods for improving bowel flora and improving bowel movement have been developed. And foodstuffs (patent documents 1 and 2) which combined indigestible oligosaccharide and dietary fiber, such as polydextrose and indigestible dextrin, are also reported. However, these compositions have a problem in that the amount of stool increases, but side effects such as sudden fullness, loose stool and diarrhea occur.
[0006]
On the other hand, as a stool improving food containing a plurality of dietary fibers, a food containing a poorly water-soluble dietary fiber and a water-soluble dietary fiber is known (Patent Document 3), but a poorly water-soluble dietary fiber mainly composed of cellulose. The water retention is weak and is not sufficient to keep the stool properties good. Improvement of fecal properties is essential for the effect of improving bowel movement. From this point of view, the foods are unlikely to exhibit a sufficient bowel movement improving action. In addition, in the beverage form considered to be most easily ingested, it is disadvantageous in terms of formulation when it contains poorly water-soluble dietary fiber as a component. Moreover, although what mix | blended fermentable dietary fiber and fermentable dietary fiber (patent document 4) has been reported, there exists a fault that it is inferior to the immediate effect of the feces improvement effect expression.
[0007]
In addition, although dietary supplements containing multiple dietary fibers and indigestible oligosaccharides have been reported (Patent Document 5), since they hardly contain water, both fermentable dietary fibers and hardly fermentable dietary fibers are sufficient in the digestive tract. In other words, the molecule does not spread, and sufficient water retention and short-chain fatty acid-producing ability are difficult to be exhibited, and the bowel movement improving action is poor. Moreover, since water is not included, there is a problem that it is difficult to take as it is, and it takes time to process it into a form that is easy to take.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-62-220169 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-2-276556 [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-12294 [Patent Document 4]
International Publication No. 01/95746 Pamphlet [Patent Document 5]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-93017
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As mentioned above, foods that combine dietary fiber and indigestible oligosaccharides cause side effects such as sudden bloating, loose stool, and diarrhea, while foods that combine multiple dietary fibers improve bowel movements. Foods containing a plurality of dietary fibers and indigestible oligosaccharides and not containing water have problems in terms of improving bowel movement and ease of ingestion.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a composition for ingesting dietary fiber that has a good bowel movement improving effect and that is easy to ingest without causing side effects.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, the present inventor has examined the effect of improving bowel movement using food materials containing many dietary fibers and indigestible oligosaccharides. As a result, acidic polysaccharide dietary fibers having a fermentation decomposition rate of less than 25% in the large intestine, Incorporating dietary fiber with a fermentation degradation rate of 25% or more, indigestible oligosaccharide, and water in combination, it has a good stool improvement effect, has no side effects, and is easy to ingest dietary fiber It was found that a composition was obtained.
[0011]
That is, the present invention includes (A) an acidic polysaccharide dietary fiber having a fermentation degradation rate of less than 25% in the large intestine, (B) a dietary fiber having a fermentation degradation rate in the large intestine of 25% or more, (C) an indigestible oligosaccharide, And (D) containing water, with respect to 1 part by weight of component (A), 0.1 to 3 parts by weight of component (B) and component (C) in total, and 1 part by weight of component (B) On the other hand, it is providing the composition for dietary fiber intake containing 0.05-5 weight part of components (C) .
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The acidic polysaccharide dietary fiber (A) having a fermentation degradation rate of less than 25% in the large intestine used in the present invention refers to an acidic polysaccharide dietary fiber having a fermentation degradation rate of less than 25% in the large intestine. The acidic polysaccharide dietary fiber is a dietary fiber having many acidic groups such as a carboxyl group, a sulfonyl group, and a sulfuric acid residue. When 1 mL of a 0.02 N aqueous sodium sulfate solution and 1 mL of a 1 wt% aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride are added to 1 mL of a 1 wt% solution of acidic polysaccharide dietary fiber used in the present invention, a white precipitate is observed.
In addition, dietary fiber having a fermentation decomposition rate of less than 25% in the large intestine is given 0 kcal / g as an energy conversion coefficient in the notification of “Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare No. 0217002”. In general, dietary fiber that has a low rate of fermentation degradation in the large intestine and is hardly used as an energy source is known as non-fermentable dietary fiber.
Furthermore, acidic polysaccharide dietary fiber having a fermentation degradation rate of less than 25% in the large intestine used in the present invention is quantified by the dietary fiber measurement method (Prosky method) of the AOAC official method. That is, it is a part by weight measured by subtracting non-digestible protein and ash from the residue weight precipitated in about 80% ethanol after a series of enzyme treatments under predetermined conditions.
[0013]
The acidic polysaccharide dietary fiber (A) having a fermentation decomposition rate of less than 25% in the large intestine used in the present invention is obtained from a plant, seaweed or fungus body through extraction, decomposition and purification steps. Specific examples include alginic acid, carrageenan, fucoidan, porphyran, agaropectin, karaya gum, gellan gum, xanthan gum and salts thereof. The acidic polysaccharide dietary fiber exhibits superior water retention compared to other dietary fibers with a fermentation degradation rate of less than 25% in the large intestine, keeps the amount of water in the stool appropriately, and keeps the stool properties in a good state It has properties.
[0014]
In addition, the viscosity of the aqueous solution of the acidic polysaccharide dietary fiber (A) is not particularly specified. For example, in order to make it easy to ingest the acidic polysaccharide dietary fiber having a low gelation or high viscosity, The need to dilute with other components, such as sugar and sugar, results in an increased amount of composition and difficulty ingesting. Therefore, in order to make the composition easy to ingest, the acidic polysaccharide dietary fiber (A) is preferably a 1% by weight aqueous solution having fluidity at room temperature. Here, having fluidity means that a 1% by weight aqueous solution prepared in a beaker has a property of flowing out when the beaker is inverted at room temperature. Further, the viscosity of the 1% by weight aqueous solution is preferably 200 mPa · s or less, particularly preferably 50 mPa · s or less. The viscosity is measured using a B-type viscometer by applying a rotation speed of 60 times per minute to the rotor (rotor No. 2).
[0015]
The dietary fiber (B) having a fermentation decomposition rate of 25% or more in the large intestine used in the present invention is given 1 or 2 kcal / g as an energy conversion coefficient in the notification of “Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare No. 0217002”. In general, dietary fiber that undergoes fermentation and decomposition in the large intestine is known as fermentable dietary fiber.
Furthermore, dietary fiber having a fermentation decomposition rate of 25% or more in the large intestine used in the present invention is quantified by the dietary fiber measurement method (Prosky method) of the AOAC official method. That is, it is a part by weight measured by subtracting non-digestible protein and ash from the residue weight precipitated in about 80% ethanol after a series of enzyme treatments under predetermined conditions.
[0016]
The dietary fiber (B) having a fermentation decomposition rate in the large intestine of 25% or more used in the present invention is obtained from a plant, seaweed or fungus body through extraction, decomposition and purification steps. Specifically, indigestible dextrin, gum arabic, guar gum, guar gum degradation product, pullulan, water soluble corn fiber, hemicellulose, low molecular weight hemicellulose, pectin, low molecular weight pectin, soy dietary fiber, locust bean gum, konjac mannan, guard run Etc. The dietary fiber undergoes fermentation degradation in the large intestine to produce short chain fatty acids. In particular, since the dietary fiber is fermented more slowly than indigestible oligosaccharides, it is possible to spread short-chain fatty acids to the end of the large intestine. The large intestine that retains the stool shape in the large intestine and physically stimulates the intestinal tract. The acidic degradation diet in the large intestine has a rate of fermentation degradation of less than 25%. It was confirmed that a high fecal improvement effect can be obtained by the action of both dietary fibers having a fermentation decomposition rate of 25% or more.
[0017]
Further, the viscosity of the aqueous solution of the dietary fiber (B) is not particularly specified. For example, in order to make it easy to ingest the dietary fiber having a low concentration of gel or high viscosity, other components such as moisture and sugar are used. The need to dilute with the elements arises, resulting in a greater amount of composition and less ingestion. Therefore, in order to make the composition easy to ingest, the dietary fiber (B) is preferably a 1% by weight aqueous solution having fluidity at room temperature. Further, the viscosity of the 1% by weight aqueous solution is preferably 200 mPa · s or less, particularly preferably 50 mPa · s or less. The viscosity is measured using a B-type viscometer by applying a rotation speed of 60 times per minute to the rotor (rotor No. 2).
[0018]
The indigestible oligosaccharide (C) used in the present invention has a molecular weight of 3 or more sugars that do not precipitate in about 80% ethanol after a series of enzyme treatments in the dietary fiber measurement method (Prosky method) of the AOAC official method. It is an indigestible part. Such indigestible oligos include raffinose oligosaccharides, galactose oligosaccharides, resistant starch-derived oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, dairy oligosaccharides, soybean oligosaccharides, isomalt-oligosaccharides, mannan oligosaccharides, etc. Is mentioned. Indigestible oligosaccharides are rapidly fermented in the intestine, helping the growth of useful intestinal bacteria and preparing the intestinal environment. In particular, in the upper part of the large intestine, the short-chain fatty acid that is a fermentation product has a function of promoting large bowel movement and facilitating bowel movement via the short-chain fatty acid that is a fermentation product of enteric bacteria. Although the exact mechanism of action is not clear, acidic polysaccharide dietary fiber (A) having a fermentation degradation rate of less than 25% in the large intestine and dietary fiber (B) having a fermentation degradation rate in the large intestine of 25% or more are difficult to digest. It was confirmed that side effects such as rapid bloating and abdominal pain were reduced without inhibiting the intestinal regulating action and the immediate effective constipation improving action of the resistant oligosaccharide by using the combination oligosaccharide (C). .
[0019]
A composition in which the total amount of dietary fiber having a fermentation degradation rate in the large intestine of 25% or more and an indigestible oligosaccharide is too high for an acidic polysaccharide dietary fiber having a fermentation degradation rate in the large intestine of less than 25% should be ingested. However, it is difficult to improve the fecal shape, and physical stimulation is not sufficient in the large intestine. In addition, a composition in which the total amount of dietary fiber having a fermentation decomposition rate in the large intestine of 25% or more and an indigestible oligosaccharide is too low relative to the acidic polysaccharide dietary fiber having a fermentation decomposition rate in the large intestine of less than 25% Even so, sufficient intestinal regulation and chemical stimulation by short-chain fatty acids are not sufficient, and as a result, good bowel movement improving action is hardly exhibited. Thus, in order to express a good bowel movement improving action and intestinal regulating action without side effects, the total amount of dietary fiber having a fermentative degradation rate of 25% or more and indigestible oligosaccharides in the composition of the present invention is 0.1 to 3 parts by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 3 parts by weight, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 2 parts by weight with respect to 1 part by weight of acidic polysaccharide dietary fiber having a fermentation decomposition rate of less than 25%.
[0020]
A composition having an indigestible oligosaccharide content that is too high for dietary fiber having a fermentation decomposition rate of 25% or more in the large intestine causes side effects such as bloating and abdominal pain. In addition, a composition in which the content of indigestible oligosaccharide is too low with respect to dietary fiber having a fermentation decomposition rate in the large intestine of 25% or more has a weak intestinal regulating effect and lacks an immediate effect of improving bowel movement. Thus, from the viewpoint of intestinal regulation effect, immediate effect, and side effects, the content of indigestible oligosaccharides in the composition of the present invention is based on 1 part by weight of dietary fiber having a fermentation decomposition rate of 25% or more in the large intestine. 0.05 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 4 parts by weight, and particularly preferably 0.3 to 4 parts by weight.
[0021]
A composition in which the content of the two types of dietary fiber and the indigestible oligosaccharide is too high is poor in texture and difficult to take. In addition, in order to obtain a sufficient effect of improving bowel movement using a composition in which the content of the two types of dietary fiber and the indigestible oligosaccharide is too low, it is necessary to consume a large amount of the composition, which is painful for the user. Give rise to Thus, from the viewpoints of improving bowel movement and ease of daily intake, acidic polysaccharide dietary fiber (A) having a fermentation degradation rate in the large intestine of less than 25% in the composition of the present invention, and a fermentation degradation rate in the large intestine of 25. % Of the total content of dietary fiber (B) and indigestible oligosaccharide (C) is 1 to 50% by weight, further 2 to 20% by weight, especially 3 to 10% by weight of the total dietary fiber intake composition. preferable.
[0022]
The water (D) used in the present invention is necessary to uniformly disperse the two types of dietary fibers in the composition and sufficiently swell them so that each action is fully expressed in the digestive tract. The two types of dietary fiber exhibit the best water retention, shape retention, and fermentability in the large intestine when ingested after sufficiently swollen in water. Water is preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably 65% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 80% by weight or more of the whole dietary fiber intake composition from the viewpoint that the two types of dietary fiber are sufficiently swollen and the function is expressed. . The component (A) that is not sufficiently swollen in water has poor water retention, and the component (B) that is not sufficiently swollen in water is difficult to ferment in the large intestine. By blending the four components (A), (B), (C), and (D) in combination, a dietary fiber intake composition that is easy to ingest can be obtained, and at the same time, has a good bowel movement improving effect with few side effects.
[0023]
The form of the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as dietary fiber can be ingested orally, and can be foods such as functional foods, health foods, snack foods, and pharmaceuticals. Examples of the food include raw confectionery such as pie, cream, jelly, and pudding, and Western confectionery, as well as beverages and jelly beverages. In particular, beverages, jelly beverages, and jelly forms are preferred from the viewpoint of ease of consumption.
[0024]
In order to make the composition of the present invention into a form such as food, in addition to the above four components, other dietary fibers, sugars (eg starch, dextrin, sucrose etc.), proteins (casein, soy protein, egg white etc.), minerals (calcium carbonate, iron lactate, etc.), vitamins (vitamin A, B 1, B 2, B 12, C , etc.), rice, barley, wheat, soybean, corn, various vegetables, meats, edible oil, seasonings Etc. can be blended as appropriate alone or in combination.
[0025]
Taking into account the recent dietary fiber deficiency of Japanese people, the intake of the composition of the present invention is preferably 1 to 10 g as the amount of dietary fiber per serving (one meal). In addition, beverages, jelly beverages, and jelly are suitable as the intake form of the composition of the present invention. In particular, in consideration of long-term ingestion, it is preferable to have a beverage form that is low in viscosity and easy to drink in flavor.
[0026]
【Example】
Example 1
According to the formulation shown in Table 1, a beverage with a capacity of 125 g was produced.
[0027]
[Table 1]
Comparative Example 1
According to the formulation shown in Table 2, a beverage having a capacity of 125 g, in which the blending ratio of sodium alginate and the hardly digestible dextrin was the blending ratio described in International Publication No. WO 01 / 95746A1, was produced.
[0029]
[Table 2]
Comparative Example 2
According to the formulation shown in Table 3, a beverage having a capacity of 125 g was produced in which the blending ratio of polydextrose and indigestible oligosaccharide (galactooligosaccharide) was the blending ratio described in JP-A-62-220169.
[0031]
[Table 3]
A crossover design test was conducted on 24 women with chronic constipation, taking the three beverages shown in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 once a day for 7 consecutive days. did. After completion of ingestion, subjects were evaluated for the effect of improving constipation of beverages, discomfort such as fullness and hunting, stool shape and flavor. The results are shown in Table 4. The number of people who felt the effect of improving constipation due to the intake of the beverage of Example 1 was 16 and greatly exceeded those who did not feel the effect of improving constipation (5 people). In particular, those who felt constipation improvement effect within 3 days after the start of ingestion (11 people) exceeded those who did not feel (5 people), and the beverage of Example 1 has a constipation improvement effect in a short period of time. Was confirmed. In addition, it was confirmed that the number of people who felt uncomfortable and those who became hungry due to ingestion of the beverage of Example 1 were as few as 4, respectively. Furthermore, about the flavor of the drink of Example 1, it was confirmed that there were 18 people who thought that they could continue drinking every day and greatly exceeded those who did not think so (5 people). From these results, it is confirmed that the beverage of Example 1 is effective in improving constipation symptoms, can realize the improvement effect in a short period of time, is easy to ingest, and does not easily induce side effects such as unpleasant bloating, hunting, and loose stool. It was done. It is clear that Example 1 is more effective in improving constipation symptoms in a shorter period than Comparative Examples 1 and 2. In addition, it is clear that Example 1 is superior to Comparative Example 2 in the effect of improving constipation symptoms and the effect of hardly causing side effects.
[0033]
[Table 4]
Example 2
A beverage having a capacity of 125 g was produced according to the formulation of Table 5.
[0035]
[Table 5]
Comparative Example 3
According to the formulation of Table 6, a powdered food having dietary fiber and indigestible oligosaccharides in a mixing ratio described in JP-A-2003-93017 was prepared.
[0037]
[Table 6]
Twenty women who were chronically suffering from constipation were targeted, and the beverage shown in Example 2 was continuously ingested for 7 days by 10 randomly extracted women. The remaining 10 people took 7 g of the powdered food shown in Comparative Example 3 by dissolving it in 100 mL of water just before ingestion once a day. In addition, 7 g of the powdered food of Comparative Example 3 contains 6 g of dietary fiber and indigestible oligosaccharides, and raw materials or products containing these. After the ingestion, the subjects were evaluated for constipation improving effect, discomfort such as fullness and hunting, stool shape and flavor. The results are shown in Table 7. It is clear that the beverage of Example 2 has a remarkable effect of improving constipation symptoms and is easy to take compared to the powdered food of Comparative Example 3 with water added.
[0039]
[Table 7]
Examples 3-6 and Comparative Examples 4, 5
According to the formulation of Table 8, 125 g of beverage having the same total amount of sodium alginate, guar gum and resistant oligosaccharide (galacto-oligosaccharide) and different mixing ratio of guar gum and resistant oligosaccharide was produced.
[0041]
[Table 8]
A test was conducted on 15 women who had chronic constipation and ingested six types of beverages of Examples 3 to 6 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5 once a day for 3 days. The subject was allowed to ingest all types of beverages, and when changing the types of beverages, a period of 4 days or more was allowed. After the ingestion, the constipation improvement effect and discomfort such as fullness and hunting were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 9. The beverages of Examples 3 to 6 containing 0.05 to 5 parts by weight of an indigestible oligosaccharide with respect to 1 part by weight of dietary fiber having a fermentation decomposition rate of 25% or more in the large intestine are compared with Comparative Examples 4 and 5. In addition, it was confirmed that the effect of improving constipation can be realized in a short period of time, and it is difficult to induce discomfort such as fullness and hunting.
[0043]
[Table 9]
Example 7
According to the formulation shown in Table 10, 300 g of beverage was produced.
[0045]
[Table 10]
For 6 healthy adults, the beverage of Example 3 was ingested once a day for 7 days. As a result, there was a comfortable defecation every day, and there were no side effects such as unpleasant bloating and hunting, and diarrhea and loose stool. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the beverage of Example 3 was excellent in thirstability and had a flavor suitable for continuous drinking every day.
[0047]
Example 8
According to the formulation shown in Table 11, 500 g of beverage was produced.
[0048]
[Table 11]
For 6 healthy adults, the beverage of Example 8 was ingested once a day for 3 days. As a result, there was a comfortable defecation every day, and there were no side effects such as unpleasant bloating and hunting, and diarrhea and loose stool. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the beverage of Example 8 was excellent in thirstability and had a flavor suitable for continuing to drink every day.
[0050]
Example 9
Jelly was produced according to the formulation shown in Table 12.
[0051]
[Table 12]
Example 10
According to the formulation shown in Table 13, 150 g of jelly beverage was prepared.
[0053]
[Table 13]
Example 11
According to the formulation shown in Table 14, 150 g of jelly beverage was prepared.
[0055]
[Table 14]
Example 12
According to the formulation shown in Table 15, 125 g of beverage was prepared.
[0057]
[Table 15]
Example 13
According to the formulation shown in Table 16, 125 g of beverage was prepared.
[0059]
[Table 16]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it has the favorable stool improvement effect, there is no side effect, and the composition for dietary fiber ingestion which is easy to ingest is provided.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003182485A JP3929940B2 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2003-06-26 | Dietary fiber intake composition |
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| JP2003182485A JP3929940B2 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2003-06-26 | Dietary fiber intake composition |
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| JP2005013093A JP2005013093A (en) | 2005-01-20 |
| JP3929940B2 true JP3929940B2 (en) | 2007-06-13 |
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| JP2003182485A Expired - Fee Related JP3929940B2 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2003-06-26 | Dietary fiber intake composition |
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| JP4464316B2 (en) * | 2005-05-13 | 2010-05-19 | 明治乳業株式会社 | Method for suppressing crystallization of tyrosine-containing beverage |
| CN102524640A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-07-04 | 赫康贸易(上海)有限公司 | Gut purging powder capable of shaping intestine-like model |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS63207355A (en) * | 1987-02-19 | 1988-08-26 | Bizen Kasei Kk | Dietary fiber-containing jelly-like food |
| JPH05238945A (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1993-09-17 | Eisai Co Ltd | Intestinal environment-improving agent |
| JPH06135838A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1994-05-17 | Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd | Oral and tubal nutrient composition |
| JPH07115942A (en) * | 1993-08-09 | 1995-05-09 | Sanji Kumai | Production of oligo drink and oligo jelly of herb medicine |
| JPH0995448A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1997-04-08 | Calpis Food Ind Co Ltd:The | Increase in biotin concentration in blood and biotin-containing beverage or food product |
| JP4221094B2 (en) * | 1998-11-25 | 2009-02-12 | 株式会社ニッピ | Easily swallowing assist composition and food composition and pharmaceutical composition using the same |
| JP3413134B2 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2003-06-03 | 花王株式会社 | Composition for dietary fiber intake |
| JP2002154977A (en) * | 2000-09-05 | 2002-05-28 | Kao Corp | Composition for drinking and eating |
| JP2002204669A (en) * | 2001-01-11 | 2002-07-23 | Toyo Shinyaku:Kk | Constipation ameliorative food containing kale processed product |
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