JP3926290B2 - Processing apparatus and processing method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention relates to a processing apparatus and a processing method for processing a processing object contaminated with an organic halide such as dioxins..
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, environmental pollution by harmful chemical substances such as POPs pesticides such as dioxins, coplanar PCBs, brominated dioxins, chlordane, BHC (hexachlorocyclohexane), and PCP (pentachlorophenol) has become a problem. For example, when incinerating waste, contamination by incineration ash (main ash, fly ash) and combustion gas with dioxins is a social problem. Diffusion of dioxins into soil and river sediments is also a serious problem.
[0003]
In recent years, various regulations on dioxins have been made to deal with such problems. For example, dioxins in exhaust gas from incineration facilities and the like are not released into the atmosphere by appropriate management of the combustion state and filtration through various filters such as bag filters and activated carbon filters.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, bag filter media supplemented with dioxins (for example, calcium carbonate) and activated carbon filter media (activated carbon) are disposed of by landfill or incineration.
[0005]
  The present invention has been made to solve such problems. It is an object of the present invention to provide a processing apparatus and a processing method capable of effectively processing a target object containing a harmful organic halide or having a generation ability..
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve such a problem, the present invention adopts the following configuration.
[0007]
  The processing apparatus of the present invention includes at least one organic halide.OrIn a processing apparatus for processing a processing object capable of generating the organic halide by heating, a means for heating the processing object, an exhaust system for exhausting a gas generated from the processing object by heating, and the exhaust system And an area for applying an electromagnetic field to the gas under reduced pressure. The exhaust system includes a first exhaust path and a second exhaust path branched from the first exhaust path. The electromagnetic field application region is disposed at a branch portion between the first exhaust path and the second exhaust path, andArising from the processing objectThe electromagnetic field is such that the concentration of at least one component of the gas differs between the first fraction introduced into the first exhaust path and the second fraction introduced into the second exhaust path. Is applied.
[0011]
In the present invention, an object to be treated that contains an organic halide or can generate an organic halide by heating is treated. The former is a case containing dioxins, coplanar PCBs, brominated dioxins (hereinafter collectively referred to simply as dioxins), or harmful organic halides such as chlordane, BHC and PCP. The latter is a case where an organic halide is generated by heating the object to be treated (for example, soil), for example, when a compound having a benzene ring and halogen are contained in the object to be treated. is there.
[0012]
The exhaust system may be provided with a vacuum pump that can exhaust the system to a vacuum. The exhaust system may be an exhaust blower or the like. In this case, the system is exhausted from normal pressure to about negative pressure.
[0013]
The means for heating the object to be processed may be appropriately selected as required, such as various heaters, high frequency heating, microwave heating and the like.
[0014]
In the electromagnetic field application region for applying the electromagnetic field, for example, a magnet (including an electromagnet) or an electrode can be used as means for applying the electromagnetic field. The magnet may be wound around the pipe in an annular shape, or may be disposed so as to face the electromagnetic field in the pipe. Further, the piping in this region may be made of a dielectric such as glass. The electromagnetic field application region for applying these electromagnetic fields is arranged in the exhaust path of gas derived from the object to be processed (for example, gas generated by heating the object to be processed). When the object to be processed is accommodated in the airtight region and the object to be processed is heated while the airtight region is exhausted by the vacuum pump, the electromagnetic field application zone is arranged somewhere from the airtight region to the vacuum pump.
[0015]
  According to an aspect of the present invention, the electromagnetic field application region includes the first exhaust path and the second exhaust path.So that the degree of freedom of movement of molecules flowing throughAn electromagnetic field is applied to the branch part.. For example, an electromagnetic field is applied to limit the molecular orientation to some extent. In addition, the electromagnetic field is caused by, for example, the charge of a molecule (including molecular ions and active species, the same shall apply hereinafter)Inside the branch (in the piping)It is applied so that the concentration of at least one gas component is biased in the pipe depending on the type of gas flowing through the pipe.
[0016]
A compound having a benzene ring can be a precursor of dioxins. Benzene is a planar molecule, and all the carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms constituting it are coplanar. Six carbon atoms are linked in a ring by σ electrons. In addition, a continuous donut-shaped electron cloud exists above and below the plane formed by carbon atoms due to π electrons in the p orbit. The π electrons function as an electron source. Halogen is an important component of dioxins. These halogens have a large electronegativity, and an electrical bias due to the localization of electrons in the molecule is likely to occur.
[0017]
In the present invention, the movement of molecules is restricted by an electromagnetic field, and the production and resynthesis of dioxins are suppressed. When an electromagnetic field is applied, the molecules respond to the applied electromagnetic field. For this reason, molecules that synthesize dioxins such as organic compounds and halogens that have a benzene ring also respond to electromagnetic fields and are aligned along the lines of magnetic force and lines of electric force. Is done. The same applies to dioxin molecules. In other words, the constituent molecules of the gas derived from the object to be processed flow through the exhaust system with a relatively high degree of order, so the probability of a chemical reaction is lower than when no electromagnetic field is applied. . Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the probability that harmful organic halides such as dioxins are reacted and re-synthesized.
[0018]
These effects become even more prominent when the space in which the molecules flow is reduced. Under reduced pressure, the distance between adjacent molecules is long and the mean free path of the molecules is also long. For this reason, the probability that dioxins are generated under reduced pressure is much smaller than under normal pressure. Therefore, when an electromagnetic field is applied under reduced pressure, the effect of pressure and the effect of the electromagnetic field are combined, and the generation probability of dioxins can be further reduced.
[0019]
In the above-described present invention, the electromagnetic field application region plays a role of reducing the generation probability and resynthesis probability of harmful organic halides such as dioxins by suppressing the degree of freedom of movement of molecules by the electromagnetic field.
[0020]
  And the electromagnetic field application region is theArising from the processing objectThe electromagnetic field is such that the concentration of at least one component of the gas differs between the first fraction introduced into the first exhaust path and the second fraction introduced into the second exhaust path. Apply. When an organic halide such as dioxins is heated in a vacuum, the halogen is eliminated or decomposed into a plurality of fragments by a dechlorination reaction or the like. At this time, molecules and fragments may be ionized. In the present invention, this charge reduces the generation probability and resynthesis probability of harmful organic halides such as dioxins by mass-separating molecules flowing through the exhaust path. Charged particles can be mass separated from an electromagnetic field according to their mass and charge. That is, the concentration of at least one component of the gas derived from the object to be treated is different between the first fraction introduced into the first exhaust path and the second fraction introduced into the second exhaust path. Thus, an electromagnetic field is applied. Since the first exhaust path and the second exhaust path are separated on the downstream side of the electromagnetic field application region, the generation probability of the organic halide is suppressed to be smaller than that in the case where the first exhaust path and the second exhaust path are not separated.
  The treatment method of the present invention is a treatment method for treating a treatment object containing at least one organic halide or capable of producing the organic halide by heating, wherein the gas derived from the treatment object is a first substance. The concentration of at least one component of the gas is different between the first fraction introduced into the exhaust path and the second fraction introduced into the second exhaust path branched from the first exhaust path. The electromagnetic field is applied to the gas derived from the processing object under reduced pressure.
  According to an aspect of the present invention, the first exhaust path and the second exhaust path are configured so that the degree of freedom of movement of molecules flowing through the first exhaust path and the second exhaust path is reduced. It is characterized in that an electromagnetic field is applied to the bifurcation part.
  According to an aspect of the present invention, the electromagnetic field is applied, and the gas that has passed through the first exhaust path and the second exhaust path is exhausted by a vacuum pump.
  According to one form of this invention, the gas originating in the said process target object is cooled, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
[0021]
Next, a method for producing activated carbon or bag filter material (calcium carbonate, clay, shirasu, alumina, etc., or a mixture thereof will be described. According to the present invention, incineration plants, various factories, waste disposal sites, etc. It is possible to produce or regenerate filter materials that are widely used in large quantities.
[0022]
The treatment method of the present invention is characterized by heating activated carbon that has absorbed at least one organic halide under reduced pressure.
[0023]
The treatment apparatus of the present invention comprises a filter for capturing dioxins in the gas phase, and means for heating at least a part of the filter under reduced pressure.
[0024]
The method for producing a filter material of the present invention is a method for producing a clean filter material from a filter material containing an organic halide and a heavy metal, wherein at least a part of the filter material is heated under reduced pressure to produce the organic halide. The method includes the steps of desorbing at least part of the halogen and evaporating the heavy metal by heating at least part of the filter material under reduced pressure.
[0025]
Further, the activated carbon production method of the present invention includes a second activated carbon containing the organic halide at a second concentration smaller than the first concentration from the first activated carbon including at least one organic halide at the first concentration. In which the first activated carbon is heated under reduced pressure.
[0026]
The inventor found that dechlorination occurs and decomposes when dioxins are heated in vacuum. For example, dioxins known as PCDDs include isomers having 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 chlorine numbers. For example, when OCDD, which is a dioxin having 8 substituted chlorine atoms, is heated in a vacuum, the chlorine is eliminated apart from the decomposition of the skeleton itself composed of carbon and oxygen, resulting in molecules having 0 to 7 chlorine atoms. This is thought to be due to the detachment of chlorine easily under reduced pressure heating. The dechlorination reaction in vacuum starts at about 200 ° C., and the dechlorination reaction occurs sufficiently effectively at 400 ° C. At higher temperatures, the dechlorination skeleton decomposes and vaporizes, so the residue becomes very clean. Of TeCDDs, which are 4-substituted dioxins, 2,3,7,8-TeCDD is considered to have the highest toxicity. When TeCDDs are generated from OCDD by dechlorination, since the substitution of chlorine is individual in terms of statistical mechanics, the probability of 2,3,7,8-TeCDD being generated among TeCDDs is small. Further progress of dechlorination produces compounds with a chlorine substitution number of less than 3, but these compounds are not considered toxic.
[0027]
The same applies to organic chlorine compounds such as chlordane and PCP, and organic halides such as brominated dioxin, and heating these organic halides under reduced pressure produces less toxic or non-toxic chemical substances. Can be made.
[0028]
The released halogen such as chlorine is fixed as a salt by reacting with an alkali such as calcium oxide or sodium hydroxide. In the case of an alkali scrubber, water treatment is required, and therefore solid alkali is preferably used from the viewpoint of eliminating the need for water treatment. Further, from the viewpoint of preventing corrosion of the apparatus by chlorine, it is preferable to react the dechlorinated chlorine with the alkali as soon as possible. In order to improve the reactivity between alkali and chlorine in a solid state in a vacuum, the alkali preferably has a small particle size and a large specific surface area. However, if the particle size is too small, it may be evacuated by a vacuum pump or the conductance of the vacuum piping may become too large, so the particle size is preferably about several mm to several cm.
[0029]
The organic halide is an organic compound having N halogens, and at least a part of the N halogens is eliminated by heating the organic compound under reduced pressure. Further, by further heating, not only dehalogenation but also the entire compound is decomposed or evaporated. The present inventor has conceived the present invention based on such knowledge obtained through experiments.
[0030]
The activated carbon production method of the present invention is a method for producing activated carbon containing dioxins at a second concentration lower than the first concentration from activated carbon containing dioxins at a first concentration, wherein the activated carbon is decompressed. It has a process of heating under, and a process of activating the heated activated carbon. Activated carbon usually needs to be activated (activated). Therefore, the activated carbon heat-treated under reduced pressure may be activated as necessary. The activation may be performed by a gas activation method or chemical activation using zinc chloride or the like. The gas activation method is a physical activation, and the chemical activation method is a method of making carbonized raw materials contact with an oxidizing gas such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, etc. at high temperature to produce fine and porous adsorbed charcoal. In this method, the raw material is uniformly impregnated with an activation chemical, heated in an inert atmosphere or in vacuum, and porous adsorbed charcoal is produced by dehydration and oxidation reaction of the chemical. Examples of the activation chemical include zinc chloride, phosphoric acid, calcium chloride, potassium sulfide and the like.
[0031]
The calcium carbonate production method of the present invention is a method of producing calcium carbonate containing the organic halide at a second concentration smaller than the first concentration from calcium carbonate containing the organic halide at a first concentration. Then, the calcium carbonate is heated under reduced pressure, and at least a part of the halogen constituting the organic halide is eliminated.
[0032]
Exhaust gas and waste liquid are often filtered by a filter such as activated carbon. For example, in general bag filters or activated carbon filters as combustion exhaust gas filters, the filter medium is organic halide (dioxins, coplanar PCB, brominated dioxin, chlordane, PCP, BHC, HCB, etc.) or lead, zinc, cadmium, Hazardous substances such as arsenic and mercury are supplemented and cannot be discarded. The same applies to the activated carbon filter used for wastewater treatment. At present, such filters are used in large quantities in municipal waste incinerators, industrial furnaces, industrial waste incinerators, etc., in order to prevent the release of dioxins into the atmosphere. Therefore, it is required to establish an appropriate processing technology for filter furnace materials.
[0033]
Conventionally, these filter materials have been solidified by cement or landfilled or incinerated. In the present invention, the activated carbon on which the organic halide is adsorbed is heated under reduced pressure to remove the organic halide and render the filter medium harmless. Activated carbon is not only made harmless by being heated under reduced pressure, but also regenerated as activated carbon. For this reason, according to this invention, activated carbon can be reused.
[0034]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(Embodiment 1)
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0035]
In this embodiment, the present invention is applied to a processing system for detoxifying incinerated ash using the energy of shredder dust.
[0036]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of this processing system.
[0037]
The treatment system 11 includes a first treatment system 12 that thermally decomposes shredder dust, and a second treatment system 13 that heat-treats the thermally decomposed shredder dust and incineration ash.
[0038]
In the first processing system 12, power generation is performed using the cracked gas generated when the shredder dust is thermally decomposed, and the electric power, the cracked gas (clean gas), and the combustion gas of carbon as a heating residue are second processed. It is used as energy when heat treating incineration ash in the system 13 and also as energy of cracked gas. From the shredder dust thermally decomposed by the first treatment system 12, metal, glass, oxide, and the like are recovered.
[0039]
In the second treatment system 13, the alkali component is extracted from the incinerated ash after the heat treatment, and the aqueous alkali solution is supplied to the first treatment system 12, and the decomposition gas generated in the first treatment system 12 It is used as a neutralizing solution for neutralizing acidic substances such as halides, NOx, and SOx. At this time, the alkaline metal is dissolved and removed simultaneously with the alkaline component.
[0040]
The heated residue of the shredder dust thermally decomposed in the first treatment system 12 is heat-treated in the second treatment system 13 together with the incineration ash (for example, incineration ash from municipal waste) that is directly charged. . The incinerated ash heat-treated by the second treatment system 13 and extracted with alkali components is reused as non-polluting inorganic materials for building materials such as cement and bricks, field soil conditioners, and civil engineering materials. It has become. Note that the incineration ash required by the alkali component may not be alkali extracted.
[0041]
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of the first processing system 12 described above.
[0042]
The receiving facility 21 is configured by, for example, a belt conveyor that receives shredder dust from the outside and transfers the received shredder dust to the vacuum pyrolysis furnace 22 at the subsequent stage.
[0043]
The reduced pressure pyrolysis furnace 22 heats the shredder dust transferred from the receiving facility 21 under reduced pressure. As a result, the shredder dust is thermally decomposed to generate decomposition gas, and a decomposition residue composed of metal, glass, oxide, incineration ash, and the like. The generated cracked gas is recovered by the gas processing system 24 and the cracked residue is conveyed to the separator 23.
[0044]
In the gas treatment system 24, the decomposition gas is accumulated by being neutralized by an alkaline aqueous solution as a neutralization liquid supplied from the second treatment system 13 side. The accumulated cracked gas is supplied to the gas engine 25 and used as energy for power generation by the generator 26. Further, the accumulated gas is supplied to the vacuum pyrolysis furnace 22 and the vacuum furnace (described later) of the second processing system 13 and the hot air furnace 27, and is used as energy for heating the furnace from the outside. ing.
[0045]
The gas engine 25 is used to drive the generator 26. The electric power generated by the generator 26 is used as energy for a vacuum furnace (described later) of the second processing system 13. Moreover, the electric power generated by the generator 26 can be used in the first processing system 2 or can be used outside the system.
[0046]
The separator 23 separates and collects metals using, for example, a powerful electromagnet, and further separates and collects decomposition residues (carbon) using a blower. The separately collected metal, glass, and oxide are recovered outside the system via, for example, a belt conveyor. Further, the separately collected carbon is transferred to the hot stove 27.
[0047]
The hot stove 27 creates hot air having a temperature in the range of, for example, 500 to 800 ° C. using the introduced carbon as fuel, and supplies the hot air to each part as heating energy. Thereby, energy saving can be achieved.
[0048]
For example, air near the facility is supplied to the hot air furnace 27 through a filter 28 that removes chlorine components from the air using activated carbon or the like. The hot air discharged from the hot air furnace 27 is used as a heating gas in a vacuum furnace (described later) of the gas processing system 24 and the second processing system 13.
[0049]
The air from which the chlorine component has been removed through the filter 28 described above is also supplied to the reduced pressure pyrolysis furnace 22 to be used as combustion and cooling air. Thus, generation | occurrence | production of organic halides, such as a dioxin, can be suppressed by removing and using a chlorine component from air.
[0050]
Incinerated ash generated with hot air in the hot air furnace 27 is conveyed to the second treatment system 13.
[0051]
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration of the second processing system 13 described above.
[0052]
The receiving facility 31 is configured by, for example, a belt conveyor that receives incinerated ash from the outside and transfers the received incinerated ash to the ash silo 32 at the subsequent stage. In the ash silo 32, the incinerated ash transferred from the receiving facility 31 and the first processing system 12 is accumulated.
[0053]
The vacuum furnace 33 is supplied with incineration ash from the ash silo 32 and recovers harmful heavy metals and alkali components by heat-treating the supplied incineration ash under reduced pressure. The vacuum furnace 33 is supplied with, for example, air in the vicinity of equipment as combustion and cooling air through a filter 34 that removes chlorine components and the like from the air using activated carbon or the like. In the vacuum furnace 33, the incinerated ash after the heat treatment is burned with the air from which the chlorine component has been removed, and then cooled.
[0054]
The alkali component extraction unit 35 extracts an alkali component from the incinerated ash heat-treated in the vacuum furnace 33. The incinerated ash from which the alkali component has been extracted is carried out of the system and reused as described above. In the alkali component extraction part 35, neutral water is supplied and the alkali component is extracted from the incinerated ash using this water. The alkali component is extracted and alkalized, and the aqueous alkali solution is sent to the alkaline water treatment device 37. Further, the alkaline aqueous solution overflowing from the alkaline component extraction unit 35 and the alkaline water treatment device 37 is recovered through a film 38 having an ion exchanger such as a permeable membrane or an ion exchange resin. The neutral water supplied to the alkali component extraction unit 35 is supplied to the alkali component extraction unit 35 after being used as cooling water in the vacuum furnace 33. As a result, it may be necessary to supply water supplied to the alkali component extraction unit 35 at a high temperature as will be described later. In such a case, the efficiency of alkali extraction is increased by effectively using energy. Can do.
[0055]
The alkaline water treatment device 37 accumulates the alkaline aqueous solution that has been sent, and is supplied with caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), slaked stone, or the like as necessary, so that the alkaline aqueous solution is maintained. Further, an alkaline aqueous solution is supplied from the alkaline water treatment device 37 to the gas washing device 39, the gas washing device (described later) of the gas treatment system 24 of the first treatment system 12, and other gas treatment devices. .
[0056]
The gas cleaning device 39 cleans the exhaust gas discharged from the vacuum furnace 33 with an alkaline aqueous solution supplied from the alkaline water treatment device 37. As a result, the exhaust gas containing organic halides such as NOx, SOx, dioxin and decomposition products discharged from the vacuum furnace 33 is neutralized by the alkaline aqueous solution and rendered harmless.
[0057]
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of the above-described reduced pressure pyrolysis furnace 22.
[0058]
The reduced pressure pyrolysis furnace 22 includes a purge chamber 41, an airtight chamber 42, and a cooling chamber 43.
[0059]
These chambers are separated by a door 44 that is an openable and closable partition. That is, the outside of the apparatus is separated from the purge chamber 41, the purge chamber 41 and the airtight chamber 42, the airtight chamber 42 and the cooling chamber 43, and the cooling chamber 43 and the outside of the apparatus are separated from each other by the door 44. Then, the shredder dust subjected to reduced pressure pyrolysis is conveyed from the outside in the order of the purge chamber 41, the airtight chamber 42, the cooling chamber 43, and the outside, for example, by a conveying device in the furnace. Further, the door 44 that separates these chambers is provided with airtightness retaining properties and heat insulating properties, and the chambers are thermally and pressureally separated. When the heating chamber is hot, a double structure of an airtight door and a heat insulating door may be used.
[0060]
An exhaust system 45 is connected to the purge chamber 41 and the cooling chamber 43. Further, the decomposition gas generated when the shredder dust generated in the hermetic chamber 42 is thermally decomposed is discharged to the outside (gas processing system 24) via the vacuum pump 46. There are methane gas, ethane gas, hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide, etc., which are generated through the cracking device in the cracked gas generated when the shredder dust is thermally decomposed. Generally, these cracked gases are NOx, SOx. Contains harmful substances such as organic halides such as dioxins.
[0061]
In the present invention, the exhaust system connected to the hermetic chamber 47 is provided with a magnet 100 for applying an electromagnetic field to the gas flowing in the pipe.
[0062]
FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing a state in which an electromagnetic field is applied to the gas flowing in the pipe. This pipe is a pipe connecting the hermetic chamber 47 and the vacuum pump 46. In this pipe, a pair of magnets 100 are embedded so as to apply an electromagnetic field in the pipe.
[0063]
The gas generated by heating the object to be processed in the hermetic chamber 47 moves in the piping toward the vacuum pump by the exhaust action of the vacuum pump. The pressure is lower near the vacuum pump. At this time, the constituent molecules of the gas flow while responding to the electromagnetic field generated by the magnet 100. That is, a force that restricts the movement of the molecule, such as orientation in a predetermined direction along the lines of magnetic force, acts on the molecule. In the figure, planar (or rod-like) molecules are shown to be aligned along the lines of magnetic force, but the orientation direction of the molecules actually differs depending on the internal structure of the molecule. Therefore, the constituent molecules of the gas derived from the object to be treated will circulate through the exhaust system in a state where the degree of order is relatively increased. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the probability that harmful organic halides such as dioxins are reacted and re-synthesized. For example, even if the gas derived from the object to be treated contains organic compounds having a benzene ring or molecules such as halogen, which are materials for the synthesis of dioxins, the synthesis of dioxins from these materials should be prevented. Can do.
[0064]
These effects become more prominent when the space in which molecules circulate is decompressed as in this embodiment. Under reduced pressure, the distance between adjacent molecules is long and the mean free path of the molecules is also long. For this reason, the probability that dioxins are generated under reduced pressure is much smaller than under normal pressure. Therefore, when an electromagnetic field is applied under reduced pressure, the effect of pressure and the effect of the electromagnetic field are combined, and the generation probability of dioxins can be further reduced.
[0065]
It is more effective to apply the electromagnetic field while cooling the gas. It is known that dioxins are re-synthesized at about 300 ° C to 500 ° C. Accordingly, the shorter the time during which the heated gas stays in the above temperature range, the less dioxins are generated. In this invention, the gas which distribute | circulates the inside of piping is cooled by cooling the piping in which the magnet 100 was arrange | positioned.
[0066]
The inside of the pipe and the hermetic chamber 42 are depressurized to about 1 to 50 torr, more preferably about 20 torr (260 Pascals) by exhausting with the pump 46. Thus, safety can be enhanced by processing at a pressure within the explosion limit.
[0067]
The hermetic chamber 42 is heated by a heating means 47 such as a gas burner at 600 to 1200 ° C., more preferably 800 ° C. The heating means 47 is supplied with clean gas from the gas processing system 24 as combustion energy. Thereby, energy can be used effectively.
[0068]
In the cooling chamber 43, the decomposition residue that has been pyrolyzed under reduced pressure in the airtight chamber 42 is cooled. The cooling chamber 43 is supplied with the air supplied from, for example, the vicinity of the equipment described above via a filter 28 that removes chlorine components from the air using activated carbon or the like, and this air is supplied with the oxidizing agent, heating air, and cooling air. Used as a medium. Thus, since the chlorine component is removed from the air as the cooling medium, no organic halide is generated. Nitrogen may be used when oxidation of the treated product is not necessary.
[0069]
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the configuration of the gas processing system 24 described above.
[0070]
In the gas high-temperature cracking unit 51, cracking of the cracked gas sent from the reduced pressure pyrolysis furnace 22 is performed at about 1000 ° C., for example.
[0071]
In the gas quenching section 52, the cracked cracked gas is rapidly cooled, for example, from about 1000 ° C. to about 100 ° C. within 10 seconds. Such rapid cooling can suppress the generation of organic halides such as dioxins. In this case, it is also a rational method to simultaneously perform the neutralization treatment with the extracted alkaline aqueous solution.
[0072]
The alkaline bag filter 53 neutralizes and removes the oxidative decomposition gas by passing the rapidly cooled decomposition gas through caustic soda and slaked lime.
[0073]
In the gas cleaning device 54, for example, the decomposition gas that has passed through the filter 53 is showered with an alkaline aqueous solution supplied from the alkaline water treatment device 37 of the second treatment system 13. Thereby, the decomposition gas containing organic halides, such as NOx, SOx, and dioxin, is neutralized and rendered harmless by the alkaline aqueous solution. Further, by using the alkaline aqueous solution supplied from the alkaline water treatment device 37, the configuration can be simplified, further resource saving can be achieved, and the running cost can be reduced.
[0074]
The cracked gas is stored in the high-pressure gas tank 56 after SOx and the like are removed by the catalytic desulfurization device 55. Clean gas is supplied as energy for combustion from the high-pressure gas tank 56 to the gas engine 25, the reduced pressure pyrolysis furnace 22, and the vacuum furnace 33. Thereby, energy can be used efficiently.
[0075]
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the configuration of the vacuum furnace 33 described above.
[0076]
The vacuum furnace 33 includes a purge chamber 61, an airtight chamber 62, and a cooling chamber 63.
[0077]
These chambers are separated by a door 64 which is a partition wall that can be opened and closed. That is, the outside of the apparatus is separated from the purge chamber 61, the purge chamber 61 and the airtight chamber 62, the airtight chamber 62 and the cooling chamber 63, and the cooling chamber 63 and the outside of the apparatus are separated by the door 64. The incinerated ash subjected to the reduced pressure heat treatment is transported from the ash silo 32 in the order of the purge chamber 61, the airtight chamber 62, the cooling chamber 63, and the alkali component extraction unit 35, for example, by a transport device in the furnace. . Further, the door 64 that separates these chambers is provided with airtightness retaining properties and heat insulation properties, and separates the chambers thermally and pressureally. In addition, you may make an airtight door and a heat insulation door into a pair.
[0078]
An exhaust system 65 is connected to the purge chamber 61, the airtight chamber 62, and the cooling chamber 63. Exhaust gas from the exhaust system 65 is sent to the gas cleaning device 39 described above.
[0079]
The inside of the airtight chamber 62 is 1 × 10 by the above exhaust.^-1~ 50 torr, more preferably 7 x 10^-1The pressure is reduced to about torr. As described above, the magnet 100 is disposed between the hermetic chamber 62 and the exhaust system 65 (vacuum pump, exhaust blower, etc.). In other words, this magnet restrains the movement of gas molecules flowing through the exhaust system and suppresses the synthesis of dioxins. Evaporates and reactants are recovered by a recovery device 69 interposed between the vacuum pump and the airtight chamber. By the time it is recovered, the alkali evaporate reacts with acid gas or the like and is rendered harmless. That is, dioxin, coplana P.I. C. B. The acidic gas such as is reacted with the alkali and is recovered as a neutral substance such as NaCl by the recovery device 69, and the exhaust gas is rendered harmless.
[0080]
The airtight chamber 62 is heated at 800 to 1200 ° C., more preferably 1000 ° C., by heating means 66 and 67 such as a gas burner. Clean gas is supplied from the gas processing system 24 to the heating means 66 and 67 as combustion energy. Thereby, energy can be used effectively.
[0081]
In the cooling chamber 63, when there are a lot of heavy metals and cannot be removed by evaporation under reduced pressure, the incinerated ash that has been heated under reduced pressure in the airtight chamber 62 is first burned (oxidized) at 600 to 900 ° C., more preferably about 800 ° C. The residue is then cooled to room temperature. The cooling chamber 43 is adjacent to cooling means 68 using N2 clean air or water as a cooling medium. The water which has been used by the cooling means 68 and has reached a high temperature is supplied to the subsequent alkaline component extraction unit 35 and used as a medium for extracting the alkaline component. Further, the air supplied from, for example, the vicinity of the equipment described above is supplied to the cooling chamber 43 through a filter 34 that removes chlorine components from the air using an adsorbent such as activated carbon, and this air is used for combustion and cooling. It is used as a medium. Incineration ash is thus burned using air, so that heavy metals are oxidized and rendered harmless. Further, since the chlorine component is removed from the air, the carbon contained in the incineration ash is not burned when the incineration ash is cooled using the air, and no organic halide is generated.
[0082]
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the configuration of the filters 28 and 34 described above.
[0083]
An input hole 72 for supplying air supplied from, for example, the vicinity of the facility is provided at one end of the cylindrical filter main body 71, and an output hole 73 is provided at the other end. Then, an adsorbent, for example, activated carbon 74 is inserted into the filter body 71, and air entering from the input hole 72 passes through the activated carbon 74 to remove the chlorine component and is output from the output hole 73. .
[0084]
In the present invention, the activated carbon 74 can also be detoxified and regenerated. That is, the organic halide can be removed by heat-treating the used activated carbon 74 as an object to be treated under reduced pressure. According to the present invention, it is possible to treat the filter medium of the bag filter 92 and the captured matter of the ceramic filter as well as the activated carbon. Therefore, for example, a new filter medium can be produced using a used filter medium as a raw material.
[0085]
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the configuration of the alkali component extraction unit 35 described above.
[0086]
In the container 81, a mesh-like placement portion 82 on which the incineration ash is placed is provided. A nozzle 83 that ejects high-pressure and high-temperature water vapor (supplied from the apparatus or from a boiler) toward the incinerated ash placed on the placement unit 82 is disposed above the placement unit 82. Then, the water vapor ejected from the nozzle 83 extracts an alkaline component from the incinerated ash, passes through the mounting portion 82 and falls below the container 81. A discharge hole 84 is provided on the bottom surface of the container 81, and these alkaline aqueous solutions are discharged from the discharge hole 84 and sent to the alkaline water treatment device 37. The incinerated ash is transported between the vacuum furnace 33 and the alkali component extraction unit 35 via a belt conveyor, and the placement unit 82 itself is transported from the container 81, so that a series of operations can be performed without human intervention. Can be processed.
[0087]
As a means for extracting the alkali component from the incinerated ash, for example, the incinerated ash may be boiled.
[0088]
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the configuration of the discharge processing system in the system 1.
[0089]
In this system 1, the exhaust gas exhausted from the reduced pressure pyrolysis furnace 22, the gas engine 25, the gas cleaning device 39, the alkaline component extraction unit 35, and the alkaline aqueous solution discharged from the alkaline water treatment device 37 are supplied to the drying furnace 91 and The air is discharged to the outside by an exhaust fan 93 through a bag filter 92. Alkali components are recovered from the exhaust gas and the alkaline aqueous solution through the drying furnace 91 and the bag filter 92.
[0090]
Incinerated ash before treatment contained 2.4 mg / l of lead and lead compounds, 0.04 mg / l of copper and copper compounds, and 0.05 mg / l of zinc and its compounds. In contrast, under reduced pressure (5 × 10^-110 torr) The incinerated ash heat-treated at 1000 ° C. contained only 0.01 mg / l of copper and a copper compound. Also, under reduced pressure (5 × 10^-110 torr) Heat treatment at 800 ° C., burning at 800 ° C. with air from which chlorine components have not been removed, and then cooling with the air contains 0.01 mg / l of copper and a compound of copper, hexavalent Only 0.53 mg / l of chromium was included. Furthermore, incineration ash that was heat-treated at 1000 ° C. under reduced pressure (5 to 10 torr), burned at 800 ° C. with air from which chlorine components had been removed, and then cooled with the air did not contain these metals. .
[0091]
In addition, when the same treatment was performed on soil and activated carbon in place of incinerated ash, untreated soil contained 0.008 mg / l of lead and its compound, and the soil subjected to vacuum evaporation at 1000 ° C. Contains 0.012 mg / l of lead and its compound, 0.001 mg / l of cadmium and its compound, and lead and its compound are also present in soil that has been vacuum-evaporated at 1000 ° C. and oxidized at 1000 ° C. Neither cadmium nor its compounds were included.
[0092]
The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above.
[0093]
For example, in the above-described embodiment, the present invention is applied to a processing system for detoxifying incineration ash using the energy of shredder dust. In addition to shredder dust, waste home appliances, waste plastic, waste materials In addition to incineration ash, it can be applied to incineration ash, soil, sludge, and the like. Furthermore, it can also be applied to activated carbon, bag filter media, and ceramic filter traps.
[0094]
Furthermore, in the said embodiment, although extraction of the alkali component was performed in a normal pressure state, you may comprise so that an alkali component may be extracted in pressure_reduction | reduced_pressure. When the treatment is performed under reduced pressure, the energy cost can be reduced since the boiling point is lowered.
[0095]
Furthermore, in the said embodiment, although heat processing was performed under pressure reduction, this invention is applicable even if it heat-processes by a normal pressure.
[0096]
(Example 2)
Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining another example of the electromagnetic field application region provided in the processing apparatus of the present invention. The electromagnetic field application region (magnet in this example) 100 includes at least one organic halide or is heated from the processing target in a processing apparatus that processes the processing target capable of generating the organic halide by heating. An exhaust system 200 for exhausting the generated gas is provided for mass separation of the gas to a predetermined extent. The exhaust system 200 includes a first exhaust path 201 and a second exhaust path 202 branched from the first exhaust path 202, and the electromagnetic field application region 200 is connected to the first exhaust path 201. It is disposed at a branch portion with the second exhaust path 202. In the electromagnetic field application region 100, the electromagnetic field is introduced into the first fraction into which the gas derived from the object to be processed heated in the airtight region is introduced into the first exhaust path 201 and the second exhaust path 202. The second fraction is applied so that the concentration of at least one constituent component of the gas is different. For example, a molecular species A indicated by a triangle and a molecular species B indicated by a circle (assuming that at least one has an electric charge or polarization) are circulated through a pipe derived from the object to be treated. And These ABs are assumed to be molecular species capable of generating harmful organic halides such as dioxins. In the present invention, the AB concentration is changed between the first path 201 and the second path 202 by mass-separating these ABs in the electromagnetic field ignition region, and synthesis and resynthesis of organic halides are performed. Can be suppressed.
[0097]
(Example 3)
Next, a method for producing the filter material of the present invention will be described.
[0098]
FIG. 13 is a plan view schematically showing an example of the form of the processing apparatus of the present invention. The processing system 101 is configured by mounting various processing units on a trailer body 102. As a result, the so-called on-site filter agent production (or reprocessing) can be rendered harmless.
[0099]
On the trailer body 102, a pair of evaporators 103a, 103b, a pair of valves 104a, 104b, a cracking furnace 105, an alkaline reactor 106, a primary cooler 107a, a secondary cooler 107b, and a vacuum pump 108 are shown in the X direction in the figure. Are arranged in order. Moreover, it connects in order through these piping 111-115. Reference numeral 109 denotes a control panel. A purge chamber space 110 is provided in front of the evaporators 103a and 103b, and a purge chamber may be provided in the space 110 as necessary.
[0100]
The pair of evaporators 103a and 103b are arranged in parallel along the X direction. In each of the evaporators 103a and 103b, heaters 121a and 121b are disposed as heating means, respectively.
[0101]
The three U-shaped pipes 151, 152, and 153 are each filled with quicklime (CaO). This neutralizes the vaporized organic solvent or pesticide (captures the halide with an alkali).
[0102]
The primary cooler 107a and the secondary cooler 107b cool the neutralized gas. For example, the gas introduced from the alkaline reactor 106 is condensed with, for example, liquid nitrogen. As a cooling method, for example, cooling water or the like may be used in addition to liquid nitrogen. In particular, the reaction product (salt) is captured as much as possible by condensing gas at very low temperature using liquid nitrogen. In addition to the ability to capture mercury, lead and arsenic contained in pesticides.
[0103]
The primary cooler 107 a and the secondary cooler 107 b are connected via a pipe 114, and the secondary cooler 107 b and the vacuum pump 108 are connected via a pipe 115. Therefore, the vacuum pump 8 connects the evaporators 103a and 103b, the 10 valves 4a and 104b, the cracking furnace 105, the alkaline reactor 106, the primary cooler 107a, and the secondary cooler 107b connected in series, for example, 0.5 to 1000 Pa. The pressure is reduced to a certain extent.
[0104]
In addition, an alkali reaction vessel may be further connected to the exhaust side of the vacuum pump 108, and the exhaust of the vacuum pump 108 may be configured to be external via this alkali reactor. This is used for failsafe. That is, for example, when the alkaline reactor 6 fails, the alkaline reactor captures the halide with alkali. This prevents the halide from leaking to the outside by mistake. You may provide an afterburner in the back | latter stage, for example of this alkaline reactor.
[0105]
Next, the processing operation of the system configured as described above will be described.
[0106]
First, an agrochemical of a halogen compound such as PCP or chlordane digged up from soil or activated carbon, or calcium carbonate as a filter material for a bag filter is introduced into the evaporators 103a and 103b and heated under reduced pressure. For example, under a reduced pressure of 5 to 1000 Pa, PCP is heated to about 350 ° C. and chlordane is heated to about 200 ° C., but the heating profile is adjusted while watching the pressure in the system in order to regulate the evaporation amount. In addition, it is more preferable to heat the evaporators 3a and 3b from 600 ° C. to 800 ° C. under reduced pressure after the evaporation by the reduced pressure heating under such conditions. This is because dioxins contained in agricultural chemicals and dioxins newly generated by heating may adhere to the inner wall of the chamber.
[0107]
Next, in the alkaline reactor 6, chlorine released from dioxins, PCP, and chlordane is reacted with quick lime (CaO) or soda lime (CaO + NaOH) to generate a salt. Even if chlordane flies undecomposed, it releases chlorine in the presence of alkali and decomposes, so this chlorine is also captured as a salt.
[0108]
In addition, since there is a possibility that explosive components such as sodium hypochlorite may be generated, the alkaline reactor 6 is always the next from the viewpoint of improving the reactivity and also preventing the generation of dioxins. It is more preferable to maintain the decomposition temperature of sodium chlorite (about 150 to 200 ° C.) or higher. Further, when dioxins or the like are detected in the alkaline reactor 6 even under such conditions, dechlorination is achieved by heating the alkaline reactor 6 to about 600 ° C. to 800 ° C. while evacuating the inside of the alkaline reactor 6. It only has to be disassembled.
[0109]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, an object to be treated containing an organic halide, or an object to be treated having an organic halide generating ability by heating can be detoxified, and the organic halide is exhausted in the exhaust system. Can be prevented from being generated or re-synthesized. Moreover, according to this invention, the filter agent of an activated carbon filter bag filter can be produced efficiently.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a first processing system shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a second processing system shown in FIG. 1;
4 is a diagram showing a configuration of the reduced pressure pyrolysis furnace shown in FIG. 2. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of a gas processing system shown in FIG. 2;
6 is a diagram showing a configuration of the vacuum furnace shown in FIG. 3. FIG.
7 is a diagram showing a configuration of the filter shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG.
8 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an alkali component extraction unit illustrated in FIG. 3. FIG.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration of a discharge processing system in the present system.
FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing a state in which an electromagnetic field is applied to a gas flowing in a pipe.
FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a processing apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a method for producing a filter material of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a method for producing a filter material of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
11 ... Processing system
12 ... 1st processing system
13 ... Second processing system
21 ... Reception facilities
22 ... Low pressure pyrolysis furnace
23. Sorting machine
24 ... Gas treatment system
25 ... Gas engine
26 ... Generator
27 ... Hot stove
28 ... Filter
31 ... Reception facilities
32 ... ash silo
33 ... Vacuum furnace
34 ... Filter
35 ... Alkali component extraction unit
37 ... Alkaline water treatment device
38 ... File
39 ... Gas cleaning device
41 ... Purge chamber
42 ... Airtight room
43 ... Cooling room
44 ... door
45 ... Exhaust system
46 ... Vacuum pump
47. Heating means
51. Gas high temperature cracking section
52 ... Gas quenching section
53 ... Alkaline bag filter
54 ... Gas cleaning device
55 ... Catalytic desulfurization equipment
56 ... High pressure gas tank
61 ... Purge chamber
62 ... Airtight room
63 ... Cooling room
64 ... door
65 ... Exhaust system
66.67 ... Heating means
68. Cooling means
69 ... Recovery device
71 ... Filter body
72 ... Input hole
73 ... Output hole
74 ... Activated carbon
81 ... container
82: Placement section
83 ... Nozzle
84 ... Discharge hole
91 ... Drying oven
92 ... Bug filter as with activated carbon
93 ... Exhaust fan
100 ... Magnet
101 ... Processing system
102 ... Trailer body
103a. 103b ... a pair of evaporators
103a. 103b ... Evaporator
104a. 104b ... a pair of valves
105 ... Cracking furnace
106 ... Alkaline reactor
107a ... Primary cooler
107b ... Secondary cooler
108 ... Vacuum pump
110 ... space
111-115 ... Piping
121a. 121b ... heater
151 ... U-shaped piping
200 ... exhaust system
200: Electromagnetic field application region
201: First exhaust path
202 ... Second exhaust path

Claims (8)

In a processing apparatus for processing a processing object containing at least one organic halide or capable of generating the organic halide by heating,
Means for heating the object to be treated;
An exhaust system for exhausting gas generated from the object to be treated by heating;
A region disposed in the exhaust system and applying an electromagnetic field to the gas under reduced pressure;
The exhaust system includes a first exhaust path and a second exhaust path branched from the first exhaust path,
The electromagnetic field application region is disposed at a branch portion between the first exhaust path and the second exhaust path, and a gas generated from the processing object is introduced into the first exhaust path. A processing apparatus, wherein an electromagnetic field is applied so that a concentration of at least one component of the gas is different between one fraction and a second fraction introduced into the second exhaust path.   2. The electromagnetic field application region according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic field application region applies an electromagnetic field to the branch portion so that a degree of freedom of movement of molecules flowing through the first exhaust path and the second exhaust path is reduced. The treatment device as described.   The processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the exhaust system includes a vacuum pump. The exhaust system has at least a pipe that forms the branch portion;
The processing apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising means for cooling the pipe. In a treatment method for treating a treatment object containing at least one organic halide or capable of producing the organic halide by heating,
The gas derived from the object to be processed is a first fraction introduced into a first exhaust path and a second fraction introduced into a second exhaust path branched from the first exhaust path. A processing method comprising applying an electromagnetic field under reduced pressure to a gas derived from the object to be processed so that the concentration of at least one constituent of the gas is different. Applying an electromagnetic field to a branch portion of the first exhaust path and the second exhaust path so as to reduce the degree of freedom of movement of molecules flowing through the first exhaust path and the second exhaust path. The treatment method according to claim 5, wherein: The processing method according to claim 6, wherein a gas that has been applied with the electromagnetic field and has passed through the first exhaust path and the second exhaust path is exhausted by a vacuum pump. The processing method according to claim 7, wherein a gas derived from the processing object is cooled.

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