JP3916711B2 - Fuel supply method for diesel engine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fuel supply method for a diesel engine used as a prime mover for ships, trucks and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the present inventors have developed an emulsion fuel that is clean and excellent in thermal efficiency as a new fuel that replaces a conventional petroleum-based liquid fossil fuel or the like, and has attracted attention in many fields (Japanese Patent Application No. 7-273110). Issue).
[0003]
This emulsion fuel is a concentrated emulsion fuel material composed of a synthetic anionic surfactant, a mousse emulsifier of distilled water, and a petroleum-based liquid fuel material such as kerosene or light oil. It is made by mixing and stirring, can generate high combustion heat by single combustion, has very little dust and nitrogen oxide in exhaust gas during combustion, is stable even for long-term storage, and has excellent thermal efficiency It has features such as.
[0004]
At present, the present inventors have earnestly researched and developed a method for effectively burning such an excellent emulsion fuel to be used as a fuel for boilers, gas turbines, diesel engines, etc. of thermal power plants. ing.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, if this emulsion fuel can be used as a diesel engine fuel in place of a conventional petroleum-based liquid fossil fuel such as kerosene, clean exhaust gas can be obtained and the output of the engine can be easily increased.
[0006]
However, since this emulsion fuel contains a large amount of water, it requires a higher ignition temperature (400 ° C. or higher) than liquid fossil fuels such as light oil. When the temperature of the engine is lowered, there is a problem that ignition and explosion are not performed and the engine cannot be stably operated.
[0007]
Therefore, the present invention has been devised in order to effectively solve such problems, and its purpose is to use an emulsion fuel having excellent features developed by the present inventors as a fuel for a diesel engine. The present invention provides a fuel supply method for a new diesel engine that can be used in a practical manner.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a liquid fossil fuel injection nozzle for atomizing liquid fossil fuel such as light oil into a cylinder head of a diesel engine and injecting the liquid fossil fuel into a cylinder, a surfactant, liquid fossil fuel, and water. is atomized emulsion fuel composed mainly of bets is provided an emulsion fuel injection nozzle for injecting into the cylinder, the piston will eject liquid fossil fuel from the injection nozzle for the liquid fossil fuel when it reaches the compression top dead center burned Te, the temperature inside the cylinder to burn this by injecting an emulsion fuel from the emulsions fuel injection nozzle when the rising and the piston above the ignition temperature of the emulsion fuel began to drop by its combustion heat It is what I did.
[0009]
As a result, the emulsion fuel developed by the present inventors can be used as the fuel for the diesel engine, and the exhaust gas can be cleaned and the engine output can be increased.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, a preferred embodiment for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0011]
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a diesel engine according to the method of the present invention, in which 1 is a cylinder block forming a cylinder 2, 3 is a piston that moves up and down in the cylinder 2, and 4 is this piston 3 A piston rod 5 for transmitting the movement of a cylinder to a crankshaft (not shown) is a cylinder head provided on the upper portion of the cylinder 2.
[0012]
The cylinder head 5 is formed with an intake port 6 and an exhaust port 7 communicating with the inside of the cylinder 2. Further, valves 8 and 9 interlocked by a cam (not shown) are respectively connected to the intake port 6 and the exhaust port 7. Is provided.
[0013]
Further, in the central portion of the cylinder head 5, a liquid fossil fuel injection nozzle 10 for atomizing a liquid fossil fuel (light oil, heavy oil, etc.) K and injecting it into the cylinder 2, and a novel developed by the present inventors. An emulsion fuel injection nozzle 11 that atomizes the emulsion fuel E and injects it into the cylinder 2 is provided. Further, the liquid fossil fuel injection nozzle 10 and the emulsion fuel injection nozzle 11 are supplied with liquid fossil fuel K. The liquid fossil fuel supply means 12 for supplying the emulsion fuel E and the emulsion fuel supply means 13 for supplying the emulsion fuel E are connected to each other.
[0014]
The liquid fossil fuel supply means 12 includes an injection pump 20 that pumps the liquid fossil fuel K to the liquid fossil fuel injection nozzle 10, a fuel tank 15 that stores the liquid fossil fuel K, and the liquid fossil fuel K in the fuel tank 15. A feeder pump 16 supplied to the injection pump 20 and a fuel filter 17 for filtering the liquid fossil fuel K are connected by a fuel supply line 18 and an overflow line 19, and an appropriate amount of liquid fossil fuel K corresponding to the accelerator opening is obtained. Can be supplied to the injection nozzle 10 side for the liquid fossil fuel.
[0015]
On the other hand, the emulsion fuel supply means 13 similarly includes an injection pump 24 for pumping the emulsion fuel E to the emulsion fuel injection nozzle 11, a fuel tank 21 for storing the emulsion fuel E, and an emulsion pump for supplying the emulsion fuel E in the fuel tank 21. A feeder pump 22 supplied to the fuel pump 24 and a fuel filter 23 for filtering the emulsion fuel E are connected by a fuel supply line 22 and an overflow line 23, and an appropriate amount of light oil E corresponding to the accelerator opening is supplied to the emulsion fuel injection nozzle. 11 side can be supplied. The feeder pumps 16 and 22 and the injection pumps 20 and 24 are driven by a fuel injection cam interlocked with a crankshaft (not shown), as in the prior art. In addition, a plurality of fuel supply lines are connected to the injection pump 20, and the fuel in the fuel tank can be distributed and supplied to each cylinder by one injection pump.
[0016]
Further, the emulsion fuel E stored in the fuel tank 21 has been newly developed by the present inventors as described above, and includes an emulsifier made of an anionic surfactant and a petroleum system such as kerosene or light oil. Liquid fossil fuel and water (Japanese Patent Application No. 7-273110).
[0017]
Specifically, a synthetic anionic surfactant solution, which is a mixed solution of an alkyl surfactant sodium alkyl ether sulfate and sodium alkylbenzene acid, or polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate sodium salt, which is also an anionic surfactant And a synthetic anionic surfactant solution that is a mixed solution of sodium olefin sulfonate and distilled water are added and stirred to form a mousse-like emulsifier that uniformly contains foaming properties. After mixing and stirring petroleum-based liquid fuel such as kerosene and light oil to produce a concentrated concentrated emulsion fuel stock solution, 1.0 to 2.0 times the volume ratio of water is mixed and stirred into this concentrated emulsion fuel stock solution. It will be. The emulsion fuel E thus obtained is not separated even during long-term storage, has excellent chemical stability, and does not use any other heating means or fuel after combustion. As in the case of the fuel, the superior point of generating high combustion heat of about 1000 ° C. or more by single combustion and exhausting clean combustion exhaust gas has been clarified as a result of experiments already conducted by the present inventors. ing.
[0018]
Next, the fuel supply method of the present invention will be described using the diesel engine having such a configuration.
[0019]
First, as shown in FIG. 2 (A), when the piston 3 descends in the cylinder 2, the cam 8 descends in conjunction with this, and the intake port 6 opens, and air is discharged from the intake port 6 to the cylinder by the negative pressure. 2 flows in. Next, when the piston 3 starts to rise from the bottom dead center, the intake port 6 is closed and the air in the cylinder 3 is compressed. As shown in FIG. 2B, the piston 3 reaches the top dead center and is compressed. When the liquid fossil fuel (light oil) K is atomized from the injection nozzle 10 for liquid fossil fuel and sprayed into the cylinder 3, the liquid fossil fuel K vaporized by the air heated to high temperature by the compression is ignited. The piston 3 starts to drop due to the explosion pressure of the combustion gas generated at the same time as the temperature inside the cylinder 3 rises to 1500 ° C. or more due to the explosion and the combustion heat. Next, as shown in FIG. 2C, immediately after the descent starts (5 to 7 mm from the top dead center), the emulsion fuel E is ejected from the emulsion fuel injection nozzle 11 to the center point where the maximum temperature is reached. The emulsion fuel E vaporized by the high heat in the cylinder 2 ignites and explodes, and the high-temperature combustion gas generated at this time expands in the cylinder 2 and lowers the piston 3 more strongly.
[0020]
That is, according to the present invention, when the piston 3 reaches the top dead center (immediately after the end of the compression), first, the liquid fossil fuel K is injected into the cylinder 2 and burned and exploded as in the conventional case. The temperature is raised to about 1500 ° C. or higher, that is, higher than the ignition temperature of the emulsion fuel E. Immediately after the piston 3 starts to drop due to the explosion, the emulsion fuel E is injected into the cylinder 2 that has become hot. High-temperature gasification combustion explosion is performed, and large expansion energy is generated by high combustion heat. And at the moment of the explosion, the central part (nucleus) is in an ultra-vacuum state, so when emulsion fuel is injected into the central part, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen atoms are pulled, repulsive energy generates powerful energy, The output will be improved. In addition, due to this action, a large output can be obtained and NOx and dust in the exhaust gas are significantly reduced as compared with the case where a turbocharger or the like is used. In addition, emulsion fuel containing a large amount of water is injected into the center immediately after the temperature in the cylinder becomes high (1500 ° C or higher) due to explosion combustion of conventional liquid fossil fuel. Because of gasification expansion combustion, moisture does not remain in the engine, and there is no adverse effect such as engine corrosion. Therefore, continuous operation is possible and output is improved even if the supply amount of conventional liquid fossil fuel for initial explosion combustion is reduced (1/3).
[0021]
Thereafter, the combustion of the emulsion fuel E is finished when the piston 3 reaches the bottom dead center, and the inside of the cylinder 2 is filled with the combustion exhaust gas G as shown in FIG. Thereafter, the combustion exhaust gas G is exhausted from the exhaust port 7 as the piston 3 is lifted as shown in FIG. 2 (E) (FIG. 2 (F)).
[0022]
Then, after returning to the state shown in FIG. 2A through the state shown in FIG. 2F, the reciprocating operation of the piston 3 is repeated. The reciprocating motion of the piston 3 is transmitted to a crankshaft (not shown) via a piston rod 4 and converted into a rotational motion here, and then camshafts and cams such as valves 8 and 9 and fuel injection pumps 20 and 24 are used. Needless to say, the power source is used as a power source for driving the vehicle body and the power source for moving the vehicle body, the hull, and the like.
[0023]
As described above, the present invention enables effective combustion and explosion of the emulsion fuel E together with the liquid fossil fuel K, so that the emulsion fuel that is excellent in thermal efficiency and generates clean exhaust gas is effectively used as the fuel for the diesel engine. Can be used. The main purpose of the combustion explosion of the liquid fossil fuel K in the method of the present invention is to raise the temperature in the cylinder 2 to the ignition temperature of the emulsion fuel E or higher. Since it can reduce, the content rate of the pollutant in the waste gas to generate | occur | produce can be made very low.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
In short, according to the present invention, the clean and inexpensive emulsion fuel developed by the present inventors can be used as the fuel for the diesel engine, which can contribute to environmental protection, improve the economy, and increase the engine output. Excellent effects such as can be achieved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a diesel engine for carrying out the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a 4-cycle process diagram showing an embodiment of the method of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Cylinder block 2 Cylinder 3 Piston 5 Cylinder head
10 Injection nozzle for liquid fossil fuel
11 Ejection nozzle for emulsion fuel
12 Liquid fossil fuel supply means
13 Emulsion fuel supply means K Liquid fossil fuel (light oil, heavy oil, etc.)
E Emulsion fuel

Claims (1)

A liquid fossil fuel injection nozzle that atomizes liquid fossil fuel such as light oil into the cylinder head of a diesel engine and an emulsion fuel mainly composed of surfactant, liquid fossil fuel, and water. Te provided an emulsion fuel injection nozzle for injecting into the cylinder, the piston is combusted by injecting liquid fossil fuel from the injection nozzle for liquid fossil fuel when it reaches the compression top dead center, the cylinder by the combustion heat temperature of the diesel engine, characterized in that so as to burn this by injecting an emulsion fuel from the emulsions fuel injection nozzle when the rising and the piston above the ignition temperature of the emulsion fuel began to drop Fuel supply method.

Images