CN101289959A - Method for enhancing efficiency of internal combustion engine and highly effective internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Method for enhancing efficiency of internal combustion engine and highly effective internal-combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101289959A
CN101289959A CNA200710054233XA CN200710054233A CN101289959A CN 101289959 A CN101289959 A CN 101289959A CN A200710054233X A CNA200710054233X A CN A200710054233XA CN 200710054233 A CN200710054233 A CN 200710054233A CN 101289959 A CN101289959 A CN 101289959A
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cylinder
combustion engine
combustion
liquid fuel
internal
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蔡棽
张甜
蔡博
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving the efficiency of an internal combustion engine. Through a secondary injector arranged above a cylinder of the internal combustion engine, liquid fuel capable of gasification, expansion and chemical combustion under the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions is injected to the cylinder for once or a plurality of times in a working cycle of the internal combustion engine. In a work applying stroke, the liquid fuel engenders gasification, decomposition, combustion support and expansion when inflammable mixture gases are combusted, thereby improving the cylinder pressure of primary combustion; or the liquid fuel engenders gasification, decomposition and expansion under the conditions of high-temperature and high-pressure produced by the primary combustion of the inflammable mixture gases and occurs secondary chemical combustion with a primary combustion product, thereby improving the cylinder pressure. The liquid fuel is water or watering fuel. The high-efficient internal combustion engine utilizing the method comprises the cylinder; a cylinder head and an upper end part of a cylinder body is provided with the secondary injector for injecting the liquid fuel capable of gasification, expansion and chemical combustion under the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions to the cylinder. The method can be utilized to efficiently improve the efficiency of the internal combustion engine.

Description

A kind of method and high efficiency internal combustion engine that improves the efficiency of internal combustion engine
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of internal combustion engines, particularly a kind of method and high efficiency internal combustion engine that improves the efficiency of internal combustion engine.
Background technique
Internal-combustion engine is that the products of combustion that is generated with fuel combustion is the hot machine of working medium, and it is the dynamic power machine that the heat that fuel produces in the cylinder interior burning is converted into mechanical energy.Internal-combustion engine is by using fuel oil can be divided into petrol engine and diesel engine, all has piston rod group, distribution device, fuel supply system, lubricating system, a cooling system etc. from textural.The petrolic fuel oil supply system of EFI mainly is made up of electric fuel punp, fuel filter, fuel pressure ripple damper, fuel pressure regulator, oil sprayer and fuel pipe, and the fuel injection kind mainly contains TFI system, central air induction road ejecting system, suction port fuel injection system, some motor and assembled the gasoline direct injection system.The four kinds of basic machinery or the electronic fuel injection system that already and will continue to use on diesel engine be: constant voltage or Common rail fuel injection system, spring pressurization or accumulator fuel injection system, come from the pulsation Injection Pump fuel injection system of Bosch structure, the proportioning pump fuel injection system, various fuel injection systems all have oil sprayer.Oil sprayer generally is installed on the cylinder head of internal-combustion engine, and the high pressure fuel that Injection Pump is sent here sprays in the firing chamber.The process that the four-stroke stroke piston combustion engine changes heat energy into mechanical energy realizes through air inlet, compression, acting, four continuous processs of exhaust, is called a work cycle.The effect of gasoline engine fuel supply system is a mixed gas of supplying with variable concentrations according to the different working condition requirement of petrol engine, the concentration of inflammable mixture is represented with air fuel ratio usually, air fuel ratio is the mass ratio that each work cycle charges into the air quantity and the amount of fuel of cylinder, in ideal conditions, inflammable mixture perfect combustion in theory, its air fuel ratio are 14.7.The concentration of inflammable mixture also can be represented with excess air coefficient, excess air coefficient is the mass ratio of the required theoretical air requirement of the fuel perfect combustion interior with spraying into cylinder of the amount of actual air for combustion in the cylinder, equaling 1 for theoretical mixture gas, less than 1 being rich mixture, is weak mixture greater than 1.Petrol engine is at the compression stroke end, spark plug produces electrical spark and lights mixed gas, and burning rapidly, make temperature, the pressure of gas raise rapidly and expand, maximum pressure appears in 12 °-15 ° of the suitable angles of atdc, move to lower dead center from top dead center thereby promote piston, make the crankshaft rotating acting, when piston reaches lower dead center, do work and finish by connecting rod.In the acting process, gas pressure, temperature sharply rise in the incipient stage cylinder, and instantaneous pressure can reach 3-5MPa, and instantaneous temperature can reach 2200-2800K, and working stroke finishes, and the swelling pressure are reduced to 0.3-0.5MPa, and gas temperature is reduced to 1000-1300 ℃.The working stroke of diesel engine and petrol engine have very big-difference, the compression stroke end, Injection Pump shifts to an earlier date top dead center high-pressure diesel is in the vaporific high temperature compressed air that sprays in the cylinder through oil sprayer, vaporization and form mixed gas rapidly with air, and advancement amount is called fuel supply advance angle.Because this moment, the temperature in the cylinder was far above the spontaneous ignition temperature of diesel oil, the diesel oil mixed gas just immediately voluntarily fire burns, and a period of time inner edge oil spout limit burning after this, inner pressure of air cylinder, temperature sharply raise, and promote the descent of piston acting.Because the combustion process of diesel engine is carried out simultaneously with mixed gas formation, so than petrol engine complexity, combustion process generally is to finish near compression stroke top dead center the tens degree scopes.In the working stroke, instantaneous pressure can reach 5-10MPa, and instantaneous temperature can reach 1800-2200K.According to the force analysis of the crank-connecting rod group of internal-combustion engine, in the working stroke, gas pressure promotes piston and moves downward.The suffered total pressure of piston is F G, can be decomposed into piston is pressed to cylinder wall, form the side pressure F between piston and casing wall nWith pass to connecting rod by wrist pin and along the connecting rod power Fs of connecting rod directive effect on connecting rod journal diameter, connecting rod power Fs is decomposed into again to make between crank spindle footpath and main bearing along the crank direction and produces the radial force F that compresses RAnd hang down as for crank, it produces between main shaft diameter and the main bearing the impacting force except making, also bent axle is produced torque, drives the tangential force F of crankshaft rotating TThese power are functions of gas pressure, can calculate than λ with crank angle α and connecting rod pivot angle β and stroke connecting rod: connecting rod power: Fs=F G/ cos β; Piston lateral force: F n=F G*Tan β; Radial force: F R=F G*Cos (alpha+beta)/cos β; Tangential force: F T=F G* sin (alpha+beta)/cos β; λ=r/l in the formula; Sin β=λ * sin α; Cos β=(1-λ 2* sin 2α) 1/2Because motor fuel mainly is gasoline and diesel oil, is the mixture of hydrocarbon, with air mixing and burning, major part generates CO in cylinder of internal-combustion engine 2And H 2O.According to combustion condition, also some is owing to partial combustion generates CO and HC compound.In addition, when combustion temperature was very high, the oxygen of airborne nitrogen and not combustion reacted and generates NO x, wherein CO, HC, NO x, SO 2And soot etc. all can cause very big harm (" automobile construction and the principle " of see that People's Transportation Press publishes in September, 2005, Tang Dingguo chief editor " automobile engine construction and maintenance " and China Machine Press's in July, 2005 publication, Cai Xingwang editing) to human and environment.
Internal-combustion engine working stroke maximum pressure appears in 20 ° of scopes of corner of atdc bent axle, according to the acting force analysis to the piston rod group, tangential force F T=F G* sin (alpha+beta)/cos β; Though the interior pressure maximum of cylinder this moment, crank angle α and connecting rod pivot angle β are less, and piston promotes connecting rod produces torque to bent axle component F TThen less, the torque of generation is little on the contrary, and when crank angle make more greatly sin (alpha+beta)/cos β be maximum value, in the time of can obtaining the highest mechanical efficiency because descent of piston is bigger, it is big that volume of cylinder becomes, cylinder pressure F GStep-down makes tangential force F TReduce greatly, so also little the torque of bent axle generation.In general, the efficient of petrol engine is about 30%, the efficient of diesel engine about 40%.Though existing internal-combustion engine has been used various technology to improve the efficient of internal-combustion engine, the problem that efficient was lower when the piston rod group became circular movement to the to-and-fro motion of piston can't solve at all.
For solving the energy scarcity problem, it is exploratory development and the practice that fuel and decomposition water are produced oxygen, hydrogen that people are carrying out with water always.Disclosing the high temperature that is produced by solar concentrator in " renewable Hydrogen Energy application prospect--producing of hydrogen " paper that the Ni Meng of department of mechanical engineering of Hong Kong University writes heats water, directly decompose and produce the thermolysis hydrogen production process of hydrogen: " ... water is heated; directly decompose and produce hydrogen and oxygen; in this reaction, the resolution ratio of water increases with the rising of temperature.Be 0.05bar at pressure, when temperature is 2500K, the resolution ratio of water vapor can reach 25%; And when temperature reached 2800K, then the resolution ratio of water vapor can reach 55% ... "
The invention task
Thereby the object of the invention is to provide a kind of internal-combustion engine improves the efficiency of internal combustion engine at the working stroke cylinder pressure method and a kind of high efficiency internal combustion engine that improve.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts following technological scheme: a kind of method that improves the efficiency of internal combustion engine is injected to liquid fuel single or multiple in work cycle of internal-combustion engine of can gasify under high temperature, the condition of high voltage expansion and chemical combustion in the cylinder by the secondary injection device that is arranged at cylinder of internal-combustion engine top.
By the secondary injection device liquid fuel single or multiple is sprayed in the cylinder, make liquid fuel in the inflammable mixture burning, produce gasification decomposition, combustion-supporting, expansion, improve the cylinder pressure of primary combustion at working stroke.
By the secondary injection device liquid fuel single or multiple is sprayed in the cylinder, making liquid fuel produce gasification under high temperature that the inflammable mixture primary combustion produces, condition of high voltage decomposes, expands, and and the chemical combustion of primary combustion product generation secondary, making its crank angle and connecting rod pivot angle reach sin (alpha+beta)/cos β is near the maximum value, improves cylinder pressure.
Liquid fuel is water or adds water fuel.
A kind of high efficiency internal combustion engine comprises cylinder, is provided with in cylinder head or cylinder body upper end portion in order to spray can gasify under high temperature, the condition of high voltage in cylinder to expand and the secondary injection device of the liquid fuel of chemical combustion.
The present invention increases the secondary injection system that a cover is similar to the diesel engine fuel oil supply system again on existing internal-combustion engine, the oil sprayer of the former fuel oil supply system of internal-combustion engine is called oil sprayer No. one time at this, the former combustion manner of internal-combustion engine is called primary combustion, it is the secondary injection device that each cylinder all also has the high-pressure injector that is similar to the oil sprayer that the diesel engine fuel oil supply system had, the secondary injection device can be at high temperature, can the gasify down liquid fuel (water or add water fuel) of expansion and chemical combustion of condition of high voltage atomizes and sprays into cylinder at the different cylinder pressure single or multiples that are higher than constantly, the high temperature that liquid fuel is produced with the inflammable mixture burning, condition of high voltage produces gasification and decomposes, expand, and the combustion reaction of participation inflammable mixture, particularly reaching sin (alpha+beta)/cos β at crank angle and connecting rod pivot angle is near the maximum value, promptly near descent of piston is maximum range to the component value that makes connecting rod and bent axle be in the generation torque, increase its cylinder pressure, improved the output power of internal-combustion engine.Simultaneously, the liquid fuel gasification inflation process that sprays into is an endothermic process, can reduce the temperature that cylinder combustion is burnt product, during secondary combustion combustion reaction more complete, can reduce pollutant discharge amount.
Among the present invention, liquid fuel is can be at high temperature, the liquid of gasification expansion and chemical combustion under the condition of high voltage, for water or with water is solvent, material with can gasify under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions expansion and chemical combustion is the liquid of solute, it can be emulsified water, also can be the aqueous solution that forms of the solute of the water and the not calorific value that can dissolve each other with water or the emulsified liquid that has added emulsifier and additive, also can be water and the aqueous solution that can form with the solute that contains calorific value that water dissolves each other or the emulsified liquid that has added emulsifier and additive, can also be the water and the solute that contains calorific value that can not dissolve each other with water, the emulsified liquid that emulsifier and additive form.Specifically, liquid fuel comprises: (1) water, and water can directly spray into, and also can add emulsifier and additive to adjust " freezing point ", makes the amblent air temperature temperature that adapts to internal-combustion engine; Make to have suitable viscosity and lubricity, avoid corrosion the secondary injection system component; (2) aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, the dimethyl ether aqueous solution; (3) mixed solution of water+motor fuel (gasoline, diesel oil)+emulsifier+additive formation.The content of solute can be determined according to the condition that participates in burning.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is for adopting the petrolic work schematic representation of EFI of secondary injection device;
Fig. 2 is the work schematic representation of the diesel engine of employing secondary injection device.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, see Fig. 1.Each cylinder 3 upper end portion with four-stroke gasoline internal-combustion engine of bent axle 1, connecting rod 2, cylinder 3, piston 4, spark plug 5 are provided with the secondary injection device 6 that is equal to diesel injector function, structure.Gasoline atomizing and air mixing form inflammable mixture and are inhaled into cylinder at intake stroke, and by plug ignition, inflammable mixture is the primary combustion acting in cylinder in the budc of working stroke, and internal-combustion engine is pressed nominal situation work.By the secondary injection device water or other liquid fuels being reached sin (alpha+beta)/cos β with crank angle and connecting rod pivot angle is to be that benchmark shifts to an earlier date the atomizing of certain hour single and sprays in the cylinder in the peaked moment.Because the primary combustion of inflammable mixture can make inner pressure of air cylinder reach 3-5MPa, instantaneous temperature can reach 2200-2800K, water gasifies under this high pressure, high temperature, generation gas expands, part resolves into oxygen, hydrogen, the secondary combustion reaction further takes place in the primary combustion product in the cylinder and the decomposition product of water, makes descent of piston increase cylinder pressure near the component value that makes connecting rod and bent axle be in the generation torque is maximum range, has improved the output power of internal-combustion engine.The primary combustion of internal-combustion engine can be used rare air fuel ratio, with degree of being limited under the velocity of propagation of flame that is no more than fuel mixture, to save fuel oil.The combustion temperature height can cause NO like this xDischarge amount increase, and the gasification of the water that sprays into is heat absorption reaction, can reduce the temperature in the cylinder, helps reducing NO xDischarge amount.
Embodiment 2, see Fig. 2.Have bent axle 1, connecting rod 2, cylinder 3, each cylinder 3 upper end portion of the diesel engine of piston 4, oil sprayer 7 are provided with the secondary injection device 6 that is equal to diesel engine function, structure.End in compression stroke, the oil sprayer atomizing spray into diesel oil and fire burns.Budc at expansion space stroke, by the secondary injection device emulsified water liquid fuel atomization of water or adding additive is sprayed into cylinder, the inflammable mixture burning makes the interior maximum pressure of cylinder can reach 5-10MPa, temperature can reach 1800-2200K, the water that atomizing sprays into divides in this high pressure, the high temperature therapeutic method to keep the adverse qi flowing downward separates expansion, the part water decomposition is hydrogen and oxygen, and participates in burning, has consequently improved the cylinder pressure of primary combustion.This embodiment is equivalent to the diesel oil emulsification effect of diesel oil blended with water, but has save the production process of diesel oil emulsification and the shortcoming of having avoided diesel oil emulsification itself to have.The emulsifying combustion of this kind mode inflammable mixture can lower combustion temperature, helps adopting rare air fuel ratio burning, and reduces pollutant emission.
Embodiment 3, see Fig. 1.Each cylinder 3 upper end portion of four-stroke gasoline internal-combustion engine with bent axle 1, connecting rod 2, cylinder 3, piston 4, spark plug 5 also are provided with the secondary injection device 6 that is equal to diesel injector function, structure.Earlier the liquid fuel of water and aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is sprayed into cylinder for the first time in the budc of expansion space stroke by secondary injection device 6, reaching sin (alpha+beta)/cos β with crank angle and connecting rod pivot angle again is to be that benchmark shifts to an earlier date certain hour and atomizes for the second time and spray into cylinder in the peaked moment, the effect of spraying is with embodiment 2 for the first time, and the effect of spraying is with embodiment 1 for the second time.The effect of the water in the liquid fuel that sprays into is with embodiment 1, and hydrogen peroxide decomposition under the high temperature condition of inflammable mixture burning itself just makes volume sharply expand, and decomposes to produce O 2And H 2O, wherein O 2Be oxidizer, can make burning more complete.Spray the primary combustion pressure that has improved cylinder for the first time, spray for the second time and produce secondary combustion, increased near the cylinder pressure descent of piston to the component value that makes connecting rod and bent axle be in the generation torque is maximum range, twice injection carried out in a work done circulation, promoted power output to greatest extent.
Embodiment 4, see Fig. 1.Each cylinder 3 upper end portion of four-stroke gasoline internal-combustion engine with bent axle 1, connecting rod 2, cylinder 3, piston 4, spark plug 5 also are provided with the secondary injection device 6 that is equal to diesel injector function, structure.By secondary injection device 6 water and alcohol solution fuel at intake stroke with the air-breathing cylinder that sprays into of descent of piston, mix with gasoline mixture, during compression stroke by Piston Compression, raise with the compression process mixture temperature, its aqua fuel is vaporized and mixes with gasoline mixture better, compression stroke ends and makes cylinder pressure improve, and is equivalent to improve compression ratio.In the budc of working stroke by plug ignition, contain the inflammable mixture burning of liquid fuel, water in the liquid fuel produces gasification and decomposes expansion under the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of burning, part moisture solves hydrogen and oxygen, and the participation combustion process, the cylinder pressure of primary combustion raises, and has improved the power of internal-combustion engine, under situation about guaranteeing, can reduce fuel supply volume with power output.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of method that improves the efficiency of internal combustion engine, it is characterized in that, liquid fuel single or multiple in work cycle of internal-combustion engine of can gasify under high temperature, the condition of high voltage expansion and chemical combustion is injected in the cylinder by the secondary injection device that is arranged at cylinder of internal-combustion engine top.
2, the method for the raising efficiency of internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, makes liquid fuel produce gasification decomposition, combustion-supporting, expansion in the inflammable mixture burning at working stroke, improves the cylinder pressure of primary combustion.
3, the method for the raising efficiency of internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, making liquid fuel produce gasification under high temperature that the inflammable mixture primary combustion produces, condition of high voltage decomposes, expands, and and the chemical combustion of primary combustion product generation secondary, making its crank angle and connecting rod pivot angle reach sin (alpha+beta)/cos β is near the maximum value, improves cylinder pressure.
As the method for claim 1, the 2 or 3 described raising efficiencies of internal combustion engine, it is characterized in that 4, liquid fuel is water or adds water fuel.
5, a kind of high efficiency internal combustion engine comprises cylinder, it is characterized in that, is provided with in cylinder head or cylinder body upper end portion in order to spray can gasify under high temperature, the condition of high voltage in cylinder to expand and the secondary injection device of the liquid fuel of chemical combustion.
CNA200710054233XA 2007-04-16 2007-04-16 Method for enhancing efficiency of internal combustion engine and highly effective internal-combustion engine Pending CN101289959A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109139240A (en) * 2017-06-15 2019-01-04 曼恩柴油机涡轮股份公司曼恩柴油机涡轮德国分公司 Internal combustion engine
CN110567727A (en) * 2019-08-13 2019-12-13 北京化工大学 diesel engine output power evaluation method based on vibration acceleration signal
CN111852694A (en) * 2020-08-11 2020-10-30 潍坊天曦环保科技有限公司 Internal purification technology for internal combustion engine
CN112377337A (en) * 2020-10-20 2021-02-19 东风汽车集团有限公司 Water spray control method and system for airway water spray engine

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109139240A (en) * 2017-06-15 2019-01-04 曼恩柴油机涡轮股份公司曼恩柴油机涡轮德国分公司 Internal combustion engine
CN110567727A (en) * 2019-08-13 2019-12-13 北京化工大学 diesel engine output power evaluation method based on vibration acceleration signal
CN111852694A (en) * 2020-08-11 2020-10-30 潍坊天曦环保科技有限公司 Internal purification technology for internal combustion engine
CN112377337A (en) * 2020-10-20 2021-02-19 东风汽车集团有限公司 Water spray control method and system for airway water spray engine

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