JP3878478B2 - Electronic musical instruments - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument that generates a waveform in response to detection of a hit.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, electronic musical instruments that are actively performed often simulate the tone of an acoustic percussion instrument. One of them is a simulation of the sound of an acoustic hi-hat cymbal. The acoustic hi-hat cymbal is a percussion instrument that can produce various musical tones by changing the degree of contact between the upper and lower cymbals and the position of the hit point. The degree of contact between the upper and lower cymbals can be broadly divided into three modes: open hi-hat (complete separation), half-open hi-hat (light contact), and closed hi-hat (strong contact). Is divided into an edge part which is the outer peripheral edge of the upper cymbal and a bow part between the edge (cup part) where the shaft is inserted and the edge part. If the edge or bow is struck in an open hi-hat state, an open hi-hat edge sound and an open hi-hat bow sound will be generated. In a half-open hi-hat state, a half-open edge sound and A half-open bow sound is produced. In the closed hi-hat state, a closed hi-hat edge sound and a closed hi-hat bow sound are generated.
[0003]
Various techniques have been proposed for producing musical tones similar to those produced by acoustic hi-hat cymbals for electronic musical instruments simulating this acoustic hi-hat cymbal.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the proposed technique is such that the impact is detected exclusively by the sensors provided on the bow part of the striking surface and the back surface of the edge part, and the musical sound is switched. The same bow sound is pronounced even in the bow part close to the cup part or the bow part close to the cup part. For example, if you strike with a slight shift in the striking point position from the bow part to the edge part, the musical sound that was the same bow sound until then changes suddenly to the edge sound. After switching, the same edge sound is generated again. In other words, there is a problem that the musical sound produced from this electronic musical instrument simulating an acoustic hi-hat cymbal is not very faithful to the musical sound produced from the acoustic hi-hat cymbal.
[0005]
In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide an electronic musical instrument that can generate a musical sound that is more faithful to a musical sound that is generated from a simulated acoustic percussion instrument.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The electronic musical instrument of the present invention that achieves the above object is
A movable first pad having a first sensor for receiving the hit and detecting the hit;
A second pad having a second sensor for detecting vibration, disposed at a position opposite to the first pad, and brought into contact with the movement of the first pad;
Storage means for storing a plurality of musical sound waveforms;
According to the present invention, there is provided a tone generation unit that reads out a plurality of tone waveforms from the storage unit according to outputs of the first sensor and the second sensor, weights them, and generates a synthesized waveform.
[0007]
In the first sensor and the second sensor, detection that reflects the impact on the first pad when the first pad and the second pad are in contact with each other by vibration or in the complete contact state is performed. Done. Thereby, in the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention, weighting is performed based on the outputs of the first sensor and the second sensor according to the strike on the first pad that is in contact with the second pad. A musical sound waveform is generated. Therefore, according to the electronic musical instrument of the present invention, it is possible to produce a musical sound corresponding to a hit even when the hit position of the first pad is shifted little by little.
[0008]
Here, when the storage means of the electronic musical instrument of the present invention strikes the central portion of the first pad at least when the first pad is in contact with the second pad, Storing a waveform and a second waveform when the edge portion of the first pad is hit,
The musical sound generating means is configured to reduce the first waveform and the second waveform according to the outputs of the first sensor and the second sensor, as the output of the first sensor is smaller, It is preferable that the larger the output of the sensor 2 is, the higher the weight of the second waveform is combined to generate a waveform obtained by this combination.
[0009]
If it does in this way, the acoustic percussion instrument by which the edge part of the 1st pad is struck, so that the output of the 1st sensor is small on the structure and the output of the 2nd sensor is large, for example, The electronic musical instrument of the present invention can have the same sounding characteristics as those of the hi-hat cymbal.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
[0011]
FIG. 1 is a side view including a partial cross section of one embodiment of the electronic percussion instrument of the present invention.
[0012]
An electronic hi-hat cymbal 1 shown in FIG. 1 simulates an acoustic hi-hat cymbal, and is composed of two pads on the top and bottom and a foot pedal that adjusts the contact of these two pads.
[0013]
The electronic hi-hat cymbal 1 shown in FIG. 1 has an upper pad portion 100, a lower pad portion 200, a hollow shaft portion 400 to which the lower pad portion 200 is connected, and an upper pad portion 100 to which the hollow pad portion 400 is connected. The extension rod part 300, the stepping pedal part 500, the joint part 600 for connecting the extension rod part 300 and the pedal part 500, the leg part 700 connected to the hollow shaft part 400, and FIG. There is no sound source unit 800.
[0014]
The upper pad portion 100 is a rubber cover except for the upper surface of the opening portion 100a on a frame 101 (not shown) formed in a disc shape having a shape (cup) that surrounds the central opening portion 100a and is raised in a dome shape. 102. Although the frame 101 employs ABS resin, polycarbonate or the like may be employed instead, and the cover 102 may employ elastomer or the like instead of rubber.
[0015]
Further, in the upper pad portion 100, a first piezo sensor 105 that detects a vibration level of vibration caused by impact is provided on the back surface of a portion corresponding to the bow portion of the impact surface. FIG. 1 shows a state in which the output cable 104 to which the output signal from the first piezo sensor 105 is transmitted extends downward through the lower pad portion 200.
[0016]
The extension rod portion 300 includes an upper rod 301 and a lower rod 302, which are joined by a joint member 303 having a thread groove therein as shown in the vicinity of the middle stage in FIG.
[0017]
The upper rod 301 of the extension rod portion 300 is provided with an upper felt washer 307, an upper felt restraining member 304, and a lower felt washer 308 (not shown). The upper felt restraining member 304 and the lower felt washer 308 attached above the upper felt washer 307 are fixed to the upper rod 301 by a butterfly bolt screw 305 and a fastener 309 (not shown). Thus, the upper pad portion 100 is supported.
[0018]
Further, the lower rod 302 of the extension rod part 300 is connected to the pedal part 500 via a joint part 600 as shown in the lower part of FIG. The lower rod 302 is provided with a node 311 which will be described later.
[0019]
The joint portion 600 includes a joint shaft 601 and bearings 602 and 603 provided at both ends of the joint shaft 601, and the lower rod 302 of the extension rod portion 300 is pivotally attached to the bearing 602 by a shaft 604. ing. Further, a bearing 603 and a pedal shaft 505 provided in the pedal portion 500 are rotatably mounted on a shaft 604.
[0020]
The hollow shaft portion 400 includes an upper hollow shaft 401 and a lower hollow shaft 402 having an inner diameter slightly longer than the outer diameter of the upper hollow shaft 401, and the upper hollow shaft 401 is inserted inside the lower hollow shaft 402. Is fixed by a wing bolt screw 403 shown in the middle of FIG. A screw groove is provided on the outer periphery of the end portion 401a of the upper hollow shaft 401, and a shaft receiver 201 provided in a bottom portion of the lower pad portion 200, which will be described later, and having a screw groove that engages with the screw groove therein. The upper hollow shaft 401 is screwed together. The lower hollow shaft 402 is provided with a node 404, and the inner diameter of the node 404 is somewhat narrowed. A spring 310 is fitted in the lower hollow shaft 402, and the spring 310 is placed on the node 404. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the lower rod 302 is also inserted into the spring 310 and is inserted into the lower hollow shaft 402. Therefore, since the spring 310 is sandwiched between the node 311 of the lower rod 302 and the node 404 of the lower hollow shaft 402, the lower rod 302 is always urged upward, so When the operation is not performed, the upper pad portion 100 and the lower pad portion 200 are separated at a predetermined interval.
[0021]
The lower pad portion 200 is composed of the shaft receiver 201 and the main body 202 having the same shape as the upper pad portion 100, and withstands an impact received from the upper pad 100 that repeats contact and separation from above according to an operation on the pedal portion 500. It is fixed to the upper hollow shaft 401 through the shaft receiver 201 in the same state as the state in which the upper pad portion 100 is inverted.
[0022]
Further, as described above, the lower pad unit 200 includes the second piezo sensor 203 that detects the vibration level of the vibration propagated by hitting the upper pad unit 100. FIG. 1 shows the second piezo sensor 203. The state where the output cable 204 to which the output signal from is extended downward is shown.
[0023]
The leg portion 700 is foldably connected to the lower hollow shaft 402 of the hollow shaft portion 400.
[0024]
The pedal unit 500 includes a pedal plate 502 for a player to perform a stepping operation.
[0025]
The pedal plate 502 is pivotally supported by the bottom plate 501 and is urged upward by a compression coil spring 509 provided on the bottom plate 501. The upper end of the compression coil spring 509 is fixed to the back surface of the pedal plate 502, and the lower end of the compression coil spring 509 is supported by a wing nut 508 screwed into a bolt 511 standing on the bottom plate 501 via a support plate 510. ing. When the wing nut 508 is turned by hand, the wing nut 508 is moved in the vertical direction, whereby the degree of compression of the compression coil spring 509 is adjusted, and the operation load of the pedal plate 502 is adjusted. The pedal shaft 505 connected to the joint portion 600 passes through a hole (not shown) provided in the shaft fixing block 513 further fixed to the fixing plate 512 fixed to the pedal plate 502, and further to the cylinder 514. And extends between the pedal plate 502 and the bottom plate 501. The pedal shaft 505 is fixed to the shaft fixing block 513 with a shaft fixing bolt 506. A sensor rubber 503 having one end bent and extending to the bottom plate 501 is provided at a position facing the plate 505a attached to the lower end of the fixed shaft 505, and the lower surface of the sensor rubber 503 includes A sensor pattern 504 (not shown) is fixed to the bottom plate 501. When the pedal plate 502 is stepped on, the lower plate 505a of the shaft 505 is pushed down to push the sensor rubber 503, and the portion of the sensor rubber 503 that has not been in contact with the sensor pattern 504 until then is elastically deformed into the sensor pattern 504. A pressing force is applied to the sensor pattern 504 in contact therewith, and the electric resistance of the sensor pattern 504 changes accordingly. Thereby, the depression amount with respect to the pedal plate 502 is determined.
[0026]
FIG. 2 is an internal block diagram of the sound source unit.
[0027]
A sound source unit 800 shown in FIG. 2 is controlled by a CPU 804 that operates according to a program stored in a program ROM 805. The signal detected by the first piezo sensor 105 of the upper pad unit 100 is supplied to the envelope extracting unit 801 and converted into an envelope waveform, and this envelope waveform is converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 802. , Supplied to the CPU 804. The signal detected by the first piezo sensor 105 of the upper pad unit 100 is directly supplied to the CPU 804 via the A / D converter 802.
[0028]
The vibration propagated to the lower pad unit 200 is detected by the second piezo sensor 203 and supplied to the CPU 804 via the A / D converter 806.
[0029]
As for the operation on the pedal unit 500, an electrical resistance value that changes in accordance with the position of the pedal plate 502 is detected as a change in voltage, converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 811, and then supplied to the CPU 804.
[0030]
As described above, the CPU 804 is supplied with a signal from the upper pad unit 100, a signal from the lower pad unit 200, and a signal from the pedal unit 500.
[0031]
The sound generation control device 809 reads out the waveform data instructed by the CPU 804 from the waveform data representing the musical sound stored in the sound ROM 807, which will be described in detail later, and reads out the waveform data based on the mixing ratio calculated by the CPU 804. The output waveform data is synthesized.
[0032]
The sound generation control device 809 controls the synthesized waveform data based on the envelope calculated by the CPU 804, and the controlled waveform data is converted into an analog signal by a D / A converter (not shown). After that, the sound is emitted via the output device 808. The RAM 810 is used as a work area for the CPU 804.
[0033]
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a plurality of types of musical sounds recorded in the sound ROM shown in FIG. These are recordings of musical sounds that simulate the musical sounds that are produced when an acoustic hi-hat cymbal is hit.
[0034]
In the upper part of FIG. 3, six types of musical sounds that are generated when the bow portion of the acoustic hi-hat cymbal is hit, and in the lower part of FIG. 3, the sounds are generated when the edge portion of the acoustic hi-hat cymbal is hit. A variety of musical sounds are shown, "Close Soft" sound when the pedal is strongly depressed (Close) and softly hit (Soft Open) when the pedal is lightly depressed (Soft Open) “Half Soft” sound, when the pedal is not operated (Open), when hit softly (Soft), “Low Soft” sound, and when the pedal is pressed hard (Close) "Close Hard" sound when hit (Hard), state where pedal is lightly depressed (Half O “Half Hard” sound when hard hitting (en) and “Open Hard” sound when striking hard (Hard) without operating the pedal (Open) Has been. Note that the musical sound selected when the edge portion is hit is shaded to distinguish it from the musical tone selected when the bow portion is hit. Further, in the lower part of FIG. 3, the “Open Soft” sound when the edge is softly hit (Soft) in a state where the pedal is not operated (Open), and the bow is weakly hit (Open Soft) in this embodiment. It is omitted because it is substituted by a musical sound that is pronounced.
[0035]
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the hit point positions detected by the level of the output signal detected by the upper pad portion after being hit and the level of the output signal detected by the lower pad.
[0036]
In FIG. 4, three straight lines rising upward are shown in a graph with the vertical axis representing the level of the output signal from the lower pad portion 200 and the horizontal axis representing the hit point position from the bow portion to the edge portion. These three straight lines indicate, in order from the top, the relationship between the level of the output signal from the lower pad portion 200 and the hit point position when the level of the output signal detected by the upper pad portion 100 is “strong”. When the straight line “strong hit” and the output signal level is “medium”, the straight line “medium hit” indicating the relationship between the level of the output signal from the lower pad portion 200 and the hit point position, and the output signal level is “weak” ”Is a straight line“ weak hit ”indicating the relationship between the level of the output signal from the lower pad portion 200 and the hit point position. For example, hitting the upper pad portion 100 is“ strong hit ”. When the level of the output signal from the lower pad portion 200 is “La”, it is determined that the hit point position is “Pa” as shown by the dotted line in FIG.
[0037]
FIG. 4 shows a state in which the higher the output level detected in the lower pad portion 200 is, the more the hit point position is determined to be on the edge side.
[0038]
This is because the acoustic hi-hat cymbal has a structural characteristic that the upper cymbal easily collides with the lower cymbal when hitting the cymbal's bow when compared to hitting the cymbal's edge. ing.
[0039]
As a program of the CPU 804, these three straight lines are stored as functions, and when a hit is detected, a function corresponding to any one of a strong hit, a medium hit, and a weak hit is first obtained from the output value from the first sensor. Next, the hit point position is obtained based on the selected function based on the output value of the second sensor. FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show how a musical tone is formed based on the determined hitting point position and pedal position.
[0040]
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a musical sound generated according to the combination of the pedal depression amount and the hit point position and a mixing ratio of these musical sounds when the hit on the upper pad is “weak hit”.
[0041]
As shown in FIG. 5, when the hit against the upper pad portion 100 is “weak hit”, for example, the pedal position is “Close”, that is, the hit position is an intermediate point between the bow and the edge when the pedal is strongly depressed. In this case, a musical sound is generated by synthesizing the “Close Soft” sound for Bow and the “Close Soft” sound for Edge shown in FIG. 3 at a mixing ratio of 1: 1. Here, when the pedal position is “Close”, that is, when the pedal is depressed hard, the ratio of the “Close Soft” sound for the edge also increases when the striking point position changes to the edge side. Eventually, the musical sound of only the “Close Soft” sound for the edge (Edge) is generated. On the other hand, when the hit point position changes to the bow side, the ratio of the “Close Soft” sound for the bow also increases in the mixing ratio, and finally the musical sound of only the “Close Soft” sound for the bow (Bow). Will be pronounced. As described above, the electronic hi-hat cymbal 1 can generate a musical tone according to a subtle change in the hit point position. This time, when the pedal depression amount of the electronic hi-hat cymbal 1 is changed, for example, the striking point position is set to the intermediate point between the bow and the edge, and the pedal position is gradually changed from “Close” to “Half Open”. In this case, first, a musical sound is generated by synthesizing the “Close Soft” sound for Bow and the “Close Soft” sound for Edge shown in FIG. Gradually, the “Half Soft” sound for Bow is displayed. If the pedal position is set to “Open”, the hit position is determined to be “Bow”, and “Open Soft” for Bow is generated.
[0042]
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a musical sound generated according to a combination of the pedal depression amount and the hit point position and a mixing ratio of these musical sounds when the hit on the upper pad is “strong hit”.
[0043]
As shown in FIG. 6, when the hit against the upper pad portion 100 is “strong hit”, for example, when the pedal position is “Close”, that is, when the pedal is strongly pressed and the hit position is an intermediate point between the bow and the edge, A tone-like musical sound is generated by synthesizing the “Close Hard” sound for Bow and the “Close Hard” sound for Edge shown in FIG. 3 at a mixing ratio of 1: 1. Here, when the pedal position is “Close”, that is, when the pedal is depressed hard, the ratio of the “Close Hard” sound for the edge also increases when the striking point position changes to the edge side. Eventually, the musical sound of only the “Close Hard” sound for the edge (Edge) is generated. On the other hand, when the pedal position is “Close”, that is, when the pedal is pressed hard, the ratio of the “Close Hard” sound for Bow increases when the striking point position changes to Bow. Eventually, only the “Close Hard” sound for Bow is produced.
[0044]
This represents a characteristic that in the acoustic hi-hat cymbal, the musical sound that is pronounced changes even when the striking strength of the upper cymbal changes.
[0045]
Here, in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the case where the hit against the upper pad portion 100 is “weak hit” and “strong hit”, respectively, is representatively described. However, in this electronic hi-hat cymbal 1, The musical tone continuously changes in the striking strength during the “smashing”.
[0046]
Hereinafter, the tone generation operation of the musical sound by the electronic hi-hat cymbal 1 will be described in more detail.
[0047]
In the electronic hi-hat cymbal 1, when the upper pad portion 100 is hit, the hit point position is detected based on the levels of output signals from the first piezo sensor 105 of the upper pad portion 100 and the second piezo sensor 203 of the lower pad portion 200. The tone to be produced is determined by the level of the output signal from the first piezo sensor 105 of the upper pad portion 100 and the amount of depression of the pedal portion 500. That is, when the upper pad portion 100 is hit, the CPU 804 determines the hit point position from the level of the output signal from the first piezo sensor 105 and the level of the output signal from the second piezo sensor 203, and the determined hit point position; The musical sound to be generated is determined by the combination of the level of the output signal from the first piezo sensor 105 and the signal representing the depression amount output from the sensor rubber of the pedal 500. The CPU 804 transmits a signal representing information regarding the determined musical sound and the mixture ratio thereof to the sound generation control device 809.
[0048]
The sound generation control device 809 synthesizes the waveform data of a predetermined musical tone read from the sound ROM 807 shown in FIG. 2 based on the signal transmitted from the CPU 804, and controls the synthesized waveform data according to the envelope. To do. The waveform data subjected to the envelope control is converted into a musical sound signal and emitted from the output device 808 as a musical sound.
[0049]
In the electronic hi-hat cymbal 1 according to the present embodiment described above, a tone is generated according to the strike on the upper pad 100 in contact with the lower pad 200. Therefore, according to the electronic hi-hat cymbal 1 of the present embodiment, it is possible to generate a musical sound that is more faithful to the musical sound generated from the acoustic hi-hat cymbal to be simulated.
[0050]
In the electronic hi-hat cymbal 1 of the present embodiment described above, the mixing ratio of the edge sound is increased as the vibration level detected by the second sensor is increased, or the impact strength detected by the first sensor is increased. Accordingly, the music to be mixed is changed. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the first sensor detects only whether or not the first pad is hit, and the vibration detected by the second sensor. Even if the mixing ratio of the musical sounds is not changed according to the level, the effect of the present invention is not denied.
[0051]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the electronic percussion instrument of the present invention, it is possible to generate a musical sound that is more faithful to the musical sound generated from the acoustic percussion instrument to be simulated.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view including a partial cross section of an electronic percussion instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an internal block diagram of a sound source unit.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing variations of musical colors recorded in the sound ROM shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a hit point position detected by an output signal level detected by an upper pad after being hit and an output signal level detected by a lower pad;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a musical sound that is generated according to a combination of a pedal depression amount and a hit point position and a mixing ratio of these musical sounds when the upper pad is hit “weakly”.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a musical sound that is generated according to a combination of a pedal depression amount and a striking point position when a hit with respect to an upper pad is “striking”.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Electronic hi-hat cymbal
100 Upper pad part
105 First piezo sensor
200 Lower pad part
203 Second piezo sensor
300 Extension rod
301 Upper rod
302 Lower rod
400 Hollow shaft
401 Upper hollow shaft
402 Lower hollow shaft
500 Pedal part
503 Sensor rubber
504 Sensor pattern
600 Joint part
700 legs
800 Sound source section
801 Envelope extractor
802, 806, 811 A / D converter
804 CPU
805 Program ROM
807 sound ROM
808 output device
809 Pronunciation control device
810 RAM

Claims (2)

A movable first pad having a first sensor for receiving the hit and detecting the hit;
A second sensor for detecting vibrations, a second pad disposed at a position facing the first pad and brought into contact with movement of the first pad;
Storage means for storing a plurality of musical sound waveforms;
An electronic device comprising: a tone generator for reading out a plurality of musical sound waveforms from the storage device according to outputs of the first sensor and the second sensor, weighting them, and generating a synthesized waveform. Musical instrument. The storage means has at least a first waveform when hitting a central portion of the first pad in a state where the first pad is in contact with the second pad, and the first pad And memorizing the second waveform when the edge portion is hit,
The musical sound generation means is configured to reduce the first waveform and the second waveform according to the outputs of the first sensor and the second sensor as the output of the first sensor is smaller and the first waveform. 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein as the output of sensor No. 2 increases, the weight of the second waveform is increased and synthesized, and a waveform obtained by the synthesis is generated.

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