JP3854870B2 - Combustion device - Google Patents

Combustion device Download PDF

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JP3854870B2
JP3854870B2 JP2002016482A JP2002016482A JP3854870B2 JP 3854870 B2 JP3854870 B2 JP 3854870B2 JP 2002016482 A JP2002016482 A JP 2002016482A JP 2002016482 A JP2002016482 A JP 2002016482A JP 3854870 B2 JP3854870 B2 JP 3854870B2
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combustion
burner
air
capacity
gas
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JP2003214622A (en
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敏宏 小林
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パロマ工業株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、バーナの燃焼領域を切り替えて燃焼能力を切り替える能力切替式の燃焼装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から燃焼装置は、給水管および出湯管が接続される熱交換器と、この熱交換器を加熱するバーナと、バーナに燃焼用空気を供給するファンとを備え、バーナの燃焼により熱交換器で通水を加熱し、出湯管より出湯する強制燃焼式給湯器が一般的に知られている。
【0003】
こうした給湯器では、出湯量,入水温度,出湯設定温度等によって発熱量(燃焼能力)を大きく変化させ、かつ、出湯温度を安定させる必要がある。一般に発熱量はガス比例弁の調整により変化させるが、バーナの安定した燃焼能力範囲にも限界がある。
そこで、図4に示すように、左右に分割させたバーナ222L,222Rを設け、燃焼させるバーナを切り替えて燃料絞り比(T.D.R.)を大きくする給湯器210(従来例1と呼ぶ)が知られている。また、特開平5−149529では、図5に示すように、バーナ322の燃焼領域を切り替える給湯器310(従来例2と呼ぶ)が開示されている。尚、図中の破線矢印は燃焼用空気の流れを示し、実線矢印は燃焼ガスの流れを示す。
従来例1の給湯器210は、各バーナ222L,Rへのガス供給管252にそれぞれガス開閉弁254L,254Rが設けられ、大能力時では両方のガス開閉弁254L,Rを開けて2つのバーナ222L,Rで燃焼し、小能力時では、一方のガス開閉弁(ここでは254Lとする)を閉じてバーナ(222R)1つだけで燃焼する。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、小能力時では、非燃焼のバーナ(222L)へのガスは遮断されるものの、燃焼用空気はこのバーナ(222L)内を通過して、冷たい状態のまま上方の熱交換器232(左側)へ流れて冷却してしまい、通水の加熱効率が悪かった。
【0005】
従来例2の給湯器310は、バーナ322の混合管324内に仕切板323を配置して主室324Rと副室324Lとを形成し、両室324L,Rを連通する連通口325を開閉する切替弁362が設けられる。そして、能力に応じて切替弁362を制御し、大能力時では切替弁362を開けて主室324R側と副室324L側の両方で燃焼し、小能力時では、切替弁362を閉じて主室324R側だけで燃焼する。
【0006】
しかしながら、小能力時では、非燃焼の副室324L内への空気の供給が遮断されるものの、ファン316からの空気がバーナ322と燃焼室320との間の隙間Gを通るため、非燃焼の副室324周辺を流れる空気が、バーナ火炎によって加熱されないまま熱交換器332(図5中、左側)へ流れてしまう(この燃焼に用いられない空気を短絡空気と呼ぶ)。この結果、熱交換器332は短絡空気により冷やされ、やはり熱効率が低かった。
【0007】
また、一般に、熱効率の高い給湯器ほど排気温度が低く、排気が排気フード244,344から器体外へ排出される際に冷却されて湯気のように水滴になり白く見えることがある。
特に、小能力時では、排気フード244,344の片側半分(燃焼側)からのみ白煙が発生しているように見えて、給湯器が故障していると誤解されるおそれがあった。
そこで、本発明の燃焼装置は上記課題を解決し、熱効率の高い燃焼装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決する本発明の請求項1記載の燃焼装置は、
燃焼室に設けられ複数に区分された燃焼領域を有するバーナと、該バーナにより加熱される熱交換器と、該バーナの各燃焼領域へそれぞれ燃料を独立して供給する燃料供給部と、該バーナへ燃焼用空気を供給する1つのファンとを備え、燃料供給する該バーナの燃焼領域を切り替えて燃焼能力を切り替える燃焼装置において、
小能力時に燃料供給が遮断される該バーナの非燃焼領域への空気を遮断し、燃料供給される該バーナの燃焼領域にのみ燃焼用空気を供給するように、能力切替に合わせて空気の供給路を切り替える給気路切替手段を備えるとともに、
上記遮断された空気を上記熱交換器へ送らずに器体外部へ放出する放出手段を備えたことを要旨とする。
【0010】
また、本発明の請求項記載の燃焼装置は、請求項記載の燃焼装置において、上記放出される空気と熱交換後の燃焼排ガスとを混合させてから器体外部へ排出する混合手段を備えたことを要旨とする。
【0011】
上記構成を有する本発明の請求項1記載の燃焼装置は、燃焼能力を低下させる場合には、バーナの燃焼領域を切り替えて非燃焼領域を形成する。
給気路切替手段は、小能力時に、バーナの非燃焼領域内およびその周囲への空気を遮断してバーナの燃焼領域にのみ燃焼用空気を供給する。
従って、燃焼ガス流路における非燃焼領域下流の熱交換器が、短絡空気によって冷却されることがなく、熱効率が高くなる。
【0012】
また、ーナの燃焼領域から発生した燃焼ガスを熱交換器で熱交換させた後、器体外部へ放出し、一方、給気路切替手段で遮断された空気を熱交換器へ送ることなく放出手段により器体外部へ放出する。このため、燃焼能力の低下時に、必要な燃焼用空気量の減少に伴ってファンの回転数を大きく減少させる必要がない。
従って、ファンの回転数が制御可能範囲を下回ることがなく送風能力を確保でき、しかも、排気部での排出圧力を高いまま維持して器体外部から逆風が侵入することを防ぐ。この結果、逆風による熱交換器の冷却や燃焼不良を防止できる。
【0013】
また、本発明の請求項記載の燃焼装置は、放出手段により放出された空気と燃焼排ガスとを混合させてから器体外へ排出する。このため、水蒸気濃度(いわゆる湿度)の高い燃焼排ガスは、放出空気により希釈され、しかも、放出空気との混合により排気中の水蒸気の分布が均一になる。
従って、燃焼ガスが器体外へ排出される際に冷却されても、水滴になりにくく、排気が湯気のように白くならない。また、排気部が結露しにくくなる。
【0014】
【発明の実施形態】
以上説明した本発明の構成・作用を一層明らかにするために、以下本発明の燃焼装置の好適な実施形態を説明する。尚、左右対になっている部品を総称する場合には、符号L,Rを省略する。
【0015】
《第1実施形態》
本発明の第1実施形態としての給湯器について図1を用いて説明する。
給湯器10は、器具本体12内に四角筒形状の燃焼室20,送風室18が上下に設けられ、送風室18の下方にファン16が取り付けられる。尚、器具本体12には、外気を燃焼用空気として取り込むための給気口14が形成される。
【0016】
燃焼室20の下部には、全一次空気式バーナ22が設けられ、このバーナ22の燃焼領域を左右に区分して左バーナ22Lと右バーナ22Rとを形成する。このバーナ22L,Rは、上面に平坦な燃焼プレート22La,22Raが形成されると共に、本体ボディが筒体の燃焼室20を上下に仕切るように燃焼室20の鉛直壁いっぱいまで延び、空気が短絡しないように隙間なく設けられる。また、右バーナ22Rは、左バーナ22Lより最大燃焼能力が高い。
更に、燃焼室20の底部には、燃料ガスとファン16からの燃焼用空気とを混合させてバーナ22L,Rへ送る左右の混合室24L,24Rが設けられる。
また、燃焼室20の上部には、バーナ22からの燃焼ガスと熱交換するフィンチューブ式熱交換器32が設けられる。
【0017】
燃焼室20の上部には、熱交換器32で熱交換後の燃焼排ガスを排出する燃焼室出口28が形成される。
燃焼室20の外側には、左右の混合室24L,Rと連通し燃焼室出口28まで延びた左右の空気迂回路40L,40R(放出手段)が設けられる。器具本体12には、燃焼室出口28からの燃焼排ガスと空気迂回路40からの空気とを混合する混合通路42(混合手段)が設けられ、先端に排気口44が形成される。
【0018】
混合室24L,Rには、2つの開閉弁を駆動軸の左右両端にそれぞれ備えた切替制御部60L,60Rが設けられる。一方の開閉弁は、バーナ22L,22Rの入口23L,23Rを開閉してバーナ22L,Rへの混合気の供給を制御する供給弁62L,62Rであり、他方の開閉弁は、混合室24L,24Rと空気迂回路40L,40Rとの迂回連通口41L,41Rを開閉する迂回弁64L,64Rである。
この供給弁62と迂回弁64は、同じ軸に設けられるため、供給弁62が開成状態の時は迂回弁64が閉成状態になり、供給弁62が閉成状態の時は迂回弁64が開成状態になる。
【0019】
混合室24L,R近傍には、左右のバーナ22L,22Rへ燃料ガスを供給するために途中で2流路に分岐したガス管52が設けられる。ガス管52の分岐部上流には、元電磁弁51,比例電磁弁53が設けられる。一方、分岐部下流には、それぞれガス開閉弁54L,54Rが設けられ、各先端にガスノズル56L,56Rを備える。このガスノズル56L,56Rは、送風室18と混合室24L,Rとを連通する燃焼室入口26L,26Rにそれぞれ臨んでいる。
【0020】
器具本体12内に設けられる通水管は、上流から順に、給水管30,フィンチューブ式熱交換器32,出湯管34からなる。この給水管30には水流センサや水ガバナを備える水側制御ユニット50が設けられる。
また、水側制御ユニット50内の水流センサや、元電磁弁51、比例電磁弁53、ガス開閉弁54、切替制御部60、そしてファン16のモータ等は、この給湯器10の燃焼を制御するバーナコントローラ(図示略)に電気的に接続されている。
【0021】
このように構成された給湯器10では、図示しない給湯栓を開くことにより給水管30に水が流れ、水側制御ユニット50内の水流センサからの検知信号によりバーナコントローラが制御動作を行い、切替制御部60の供給弁62の開成に伴って迂回弁64が閉まると共に、ファン16がモータの駆動により回転し始めて、燃焼室20内に空気を送る。
所定のプリパージが完了すると、バーナ22のガス開閉弁54L,54Rが開いて左右のバーナ22L,Rにガスが供給され、図示しないイグナイタによりバーナ22に点火が行われる。
【0022】
点火動作が終了すると、燃焼量制御が開始され、図示しない出湯温サーミスタで検出される湯温と設定温度との差があると、バーナコントローラでそれを判断し、後述する比例制御およびバーナ切替制御により燃焼能力を変化させ、熱交換器32の出口温度を一定に保つ。
また、燃焼能力に応じてバーナコントローラからファン16のモータに信号が送られ、ファン16の回転数も変えられ、常にガス量と給気量とが所定の関係に保たれるように制御される。
【0023】
このような燃焼制御において、ファン16の動作に伴い、器具本体12に設けられる給気口14より外気が器具本体12内に吸引され、燃焼させるバーナ22へ燃焼用空気として導入される。尚、図中の破線矢印は空気の流れを示し、実線矢印は燃焼ガスの流れを示す。
【0024】
ここでは、小能力から大能力まで変化させる燃焼量制御について説明する。
先ず、小能力時には、図1に示されるように、能力の小さい左バーナ22Lのみ燃焼させるために、左供給弁62L,右迂回弁64Rを開いてから左ガス開閉弁54Lを開く。
この右迂回弁64Rの開弁に伴って、右バーナ22Rの入口23Rが右供給弁62Rによって閉められ、ファン16から右燃焼室入口26Rを通って右混合室24Rに入った空気は、右迂回連通口41Rを通って右空気迂回路40Rを流れる。
そして、能力を上げる場合には、比例電磁弁53の開度を徐々に大きくしてインプット(ガス供給量)を増やしていく。
【0025】
必要インプットが左バーナ22Lの能力以上になると、能力の大きい右バーナ22Rのみ燃焼させるが、その前に火移りのために両方のバーナ22を燃焼させる。このため、右供給弁62Rも開いて右ガス開閉弁54Rも開いて右バーナ22Rへ火移りさせる。そして、左ガス開閉弁54Lを閉じてから左供給弁62Lを閉じて左バーナ22Lの燃焼を停止し、右バーナ22Rのみ燃焼させ、比例電磁弁53の開度を小さくした後でまた徐々に大きくしていく。
この左供給弁62Lの閉弁により左迂回弁64Lが開き、ファン16からの空気は、左迂回連通口41Lを通って左空気迂回路40Lを流れる。この際、右迂回弁64Rが閉じているため、右空気迂回路40Rには空気が流れない。
【0026】
更に、必要インプットが右バーナ22Rの能力以上(大能力)になると、両方のバーナ22で燃焼するために、左供給弁62Lを開いてから左ガス開閉弁54Lを開いて左バーナ22Lも燃焼させ、比例電磁弁53の開度を徐々に大きくしていく。この際、左右の迂回弁64が閉じるため、左右の空気迂回路40には空気は流れない。
このようにして、燃焼させるバーナ22を切り替えると共に、燃焼しているバーナ22のインプットを比例電磁弁53により増減させて燃焼量制御を行う。
【0027】
こうした燃焼量制御における小能力時では、図1に示すように、燃焼中の左バーナ22Lで発生した高温の燃焼ガスは、ファン16により熱交換器32の各フィン間(左側)を貫流し良好に熱交換して燃焼室出口28へ流れ、混合通路42で右空気迂回路40Rからの空気と合流して混合され、排気口44から器具の外へ排出される。
【0028】
このように、ファン16からの冷たい空気が非燃焼の右バーナ22R内を通過することがないため、その上方の熱交換器32(右側)を冷却することがなく、熱効率が低下することを防ぐことができる。
また、燃焼室20とバーナ22との間に隙間がないため、ファン16からの空気が燃焼室20内を短絡することはなく、熱交換器32の冷却による熱効率の低下を防止できる。
【0029】
一方、右バーナ22Rのみ燃焼させる場合も、左右が逆転する以外は同様であり、右バーナ22Rからの燃焼ガスが左空気迂回路40Lからの空気と混合して、排気口44から器具の外へ排出される。同様に熱交換器32(左側)を冷やすことなく、熱効率の低下を防止できる。
また、両方のバーナ22L,Rを燃焼させる場合には、左右何れの空気迂回路40L,Rにも空気は流れず、燃焼排ガスがそのまま排気口44から排出される。
【0030】
上述した給湯器10では、一方のバーナ22のみ燃焼(片側燃焼)させる場合には、混合通路42で燃焼排ガスを空気と混ぜてから器体外へ排出するため、排気中における水蒸気の分布が均一になると共に、混合前の燃焼排ガスよりも水蒸気濃度(湿度)が下がる。
従って、器体外部への排気時に冷却されても水滴になりにくく、排気が湯気のように白くならない。当然、従来例1,2のように白煙(湯気)が排気口44の一部(例えば右側)に偏って発生することもない。
この結果、給湯器10が故障しているという誤解を招くことを防止でき、使用者は器具を安心して使うことができる。
また、排気が水滴になりづらいことから、排気口44で結露が発生しにくく、排気口44周辺が結露による水あかで汚れることを防止できる。
【0031】
また、片側燃焼時では、通常、必要な燃焼用空気量が減少することに合わせてファン16の回転数を下げる必要があるが、本実施形態では、非燃焼バーナ22側の混合室24の出口(つまり、バーナ入口23,迂回連通口41)を全て塞がずに、迂回連通口41を開いてファン16で吸引した空気の一部を空気迂回路40へ送るため、ファン16の回転数を落とす必要がなく、高回転数に維持できる。しかも、非燃焼バーナ22側の混合室24に送られた空気を熱交換器32に通過させないため、圧力損失が少なくてすむ。
従って、ファン16は、制御可能な回転数範囲を下回ってしまうことがなく、送風能力を確保できる。
しかも、排気口44での排出圧力を高いまま維持できるため、器体外部から風が器体内に向かって吹いても、逆風の侵入を阻むことができ、逆風によって熱交換器32が冷却されたり、燃焼不良を起こしてしまうことがない。
【0032】
《第2実施形態》
次に、第2実施形態について図2,図3を用いて説明する。尚、第1実施形態と異なる部分について説明し、重複する部分に関しては同一符号を付してその説明を省略する。
第2実施形態の給湯器110は、燃焼室120を左右に仕切る仕切板121と、この仕切られた空間内で前後方向に複数のブンゼンバーナを並べた左右2組のバーナ組立122L,122R(以下、単にバーナと呼ぶ)とを備える。
【0033】
仕切られた空間の下部には、左右のバーナ122L,122Rへそれぞれ燃焼用一次空気と二次空気とを供給する給気室118L,118Rが設けられる共に、それらの下方には空気迂回路140L,140Rが設けられる。そして、ファン16の上方には、給気室118L,Rを開閉する給気弁162L,162Rと、空気迂回路140L,Rを開閉する迂回弁164L,164Rと、左右の各弁を独立して進退させる2本のスピンドルとを備えた切替制御部160が設けられる。
【0034】
燃焼室120の下部には、バーナ122へ燃料ガスを供給するために左右に分岐したガス管152が設けられ、ガス管152の分岐部上流には、元電磁弁151,比例電磁弁153が設けられる。一方、分岐部下流には、それぞれガス開閉弁154L,154Rが設けられ、各先端には、ガスノズル156L,156Rが各バーナ122L,Rの入口123L,Rに臨むように設けられる。
【0035】
上述のように構成された給湯器110もまたバーナ切替燃焼を行う。
先ず、左右両方のバーナ122を燃焼させる場合には、切替制御部60の給気弁162L,Rを開き、迂回弁164L,Rを閉じて燃焼させる。そして、燃焼排ガスは、燃焼室出口128から混合通路42を通って排気口44へ排出される。
【0036】
この状態から必要インプットが低下して、右バーナ122Rのみの燃焼に切り替える場合には、図2,図3に示すように、左迂回弁164Lを開き、左給気弁162Lを閉じる。これにより、ファン16からの空気は、右給気室118Rと左迂回路140Lとへ流れ、右バーナ入口123Rへ燃焼用一次空気として送られると共に、前後に並んだ各右バーナ122R間の隙間GRを通って右バーナ122Rの燃焼領域へ二次空気として送られる。
【0037】
この際、左給気弁162Lが閉じているため、ファン16からの空気は、仕切板121で仕切られた左給気室118Lに流入せず、燃焼していない左バーナ122L内だけでなく、各左バーナ122L間の隙間(図示略)にも流れることがない。
従って、左バーナ122L上部の熱交換器32(左側)は空気によって冷却されず、熱効率を高く維持できる。
【0038】
しかも、第1実施形態の給湯器10と同様に、白煙が発生しないので故障と誤解されることがない。また、片側燃焼時も空気迂回路に空気を流してファン16の回転数を高いまま維持するため、送風能力を確保でき、しかも、逆風による熱交換器32の冷却や燃焼不良を防止できる。
尚、左バーナ122Lのみの燃焼時も同様の効果が得られる。
【0039】
以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明はこうした実施形態に何等限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において、種々なる態様で実施し得ることは勿論である。
例えば、本実施形態では、バーナの燃焼本数を切り替えて能力を調整したが、1つのバーナ本体の燃焼領域を複数に分割し、ガス供給路を分割して各燃焼領域へそれぞれ独立してガスを供給するものに適用してもよい。この場合には、バーナの燃焼面積を増減させることにより、燃焼能力を切り替ることになる。
また、ガス比例制御を行わずに、単に燃焼させるバーナを切り替えるだけでもよい。
また、バーナの本体ボディを燃焼室の鉛直壁いっぱいに延ばさずに、バーナの周囲を囲んで燃焼室とバーナとの隙間を埋める遮蔽体を設けて、短絡空気を遮断してもよい。
また、第1実施形態において、ファンからの空気を全てバーナ本体内部へ供給するように、バーナ燃焼領域のそれぞれの吸入口に向けて分岐した給気ダクトを設けると共に、その先端に遮断弁を設けて燃焼領域を切り替えてもよい。この場合には、バーナと燃焼室の鉛直壁との間に隙間があっても構わない。
【0040】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述したように、本発明の請求項1記載の燃焼装置によれば、小能力時にバーナの非燃焼領域およびその周辺へ空気が流れることを防ぐため、この空気により熱交換器を冷却してしまうことがなく、高い熱効率が得られる。
【0041】
また、出手段が遮断空気を熱交換器へ送らずに器体外部へ放出するため、小能力時においても熱効率を下げることなくファンの送風能力を維持し、排気部への逆風の侵入を防止できる。
この結果、逆風による熱交換器の冷却や燃焼不良を防止できる。
【0042】
また、請求項記載の燃焼装置によれば、混合手段により、湿度の高い燃焼排ガスを放出空気で希釈すると共に排気中の水蒸気の分布を均一にするため、排気が白くならず、燃焼装置が故障していると誤解されることがなく、ユーザーは安心して器具を使用することができる。
また、排気部では結露しにくく水あかによる汚れを抑制する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】第1実施形態の給湯器を正面から見た概略断面図である。
【図2】第2実施形態の給湯器を正面から見た概略断面図である。
【図3】第2実施形態の給湯器を右から見た概略断面図である。
【図4】従来例1の給湯器を正面から見た概略断面図である。
【図5】従来例2の給湯器を正面から見た概略断面図である。
【符号の説明】
10,110…給湯器、16…ファン、20,120…燃焼室、22,122…バーナ、32…熱交換器、40,140…空気迂回路、42…混合通路、44…排気口、60,160…切替制御部、62…供給弁、64,164…迂回弁、162…給気弁。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a capability switching type combustion apparatus that switches a combustion capability by switching a combustion region of a burner.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a combustion apparatus includes a heat exchanger to which a water supply pipe and a hot water discharge pipe are connected, a burner that heats the heat exchanger, and a fan that supplies combustion air to the burner. In general, a forced-combustion water heater is known that heats water through and discharges water from a tapping pipe.
[0003]
In such a water heater, it is necessary to greatly change the calorific value (combustion capacity) according to the amount of tapping water, incoming water temperature, preset tapping temperature, etc., and stabilize the tapping temperature. Generally, the calorific value is changed by adjusting the gas proportional valve, but there is a limit to the range of stable combustion capacity of the burner.
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, hot water heaters 210 (referred to as Conventional Example 1) in which burners 222L and 222R divided into left and right are provided and the burner burned is switched to increase the fuel throttle ratio (TDR). )It has been known. JP-A-5-149529 discloses a water heater 310 (referred to as Conventional Example 2) for switching the combustion region of the burner 322, as shown in FIG. In addition, the broken line arrow in a figure shows the flow of the combustion air, and the solid line arrow shows the flow of combustion gas.
In the conventional water heater 210, the gas on / off valves 254L and 254R are provided in the gas supply pipes 252 to the burners 222L and R, respectively. When the capacity is high, both the gas on / off valves 254L and R are opened and the two burners are opened. Combustion is performed at 222L, R, and at the time of small capacity, one gas on-off valve (here, 254L) is closed and combustion is performed by only one burner (222R).
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, at the time of small capacity, the gas to the non-combustion burner (222L) is cut off, but the combustion air passes through the burner (222L) and remains in the cold state in the upper heat exchanger 232 (left side). ) And cooled, and the heating efficiency of water flow was poor.
[0005]
In the water heater 310 of the conventional example 2, the partition plate 323 is disposed in the mixing pipe 324 of the burner 322 to form the main chamber 324R and the sub chamber 324L, and opens and closes the communication port 325 that communicates both the chambers 324L and R. A switching valve 362 is provided. Then, the switching valve 362 is controlled in accordance with the capacity. When the capacity is large, the switching valve 362 is opened and burns in both the main chamber 324R side and the sub chamber 324L. When the capacity is small, the switching valve 362 is closed and the main valve 362 is closed. It burns only on the chamber 324R side.
[0006]
However, at the time of small capacity, the supply of air into the non-combustion sub chamber 324L is cut off, but the air from the fan 316 passes through the gap G between the burner 322 and the combustion chamber 320, and thus the non-combustion The air flowing around the sub chamber 324 flows to the heat exchanger 332 (left side in FIG. 5) without being heated by the burner flame (the air not used for this combustion is referred to as short-circuit air). As a result, the heat exchanger 332 was cooled by the short circuit air, and the heat efficiency was still low.
[0007]
In general, a hot water heater having higher thermal efficiency has a lower exhaust temperature, and when the exhaust is discharged from the exhaust hoods 244 and 344 to the outside of the container, it may be cooled to form water droplets like steam and white.
In particular, when the capacity is small, white smoke appears to be generated only from one half (combustion side) of the exhaust hoods 244 and 344, and there is a possibility that the water heater is misunderstood.
Then, the combustion apparatus of this invention aims at solving the said subject and providing a combustion apparatus with high thermal efficiency.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The combustion apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is as follows.
A burner provided in a combustion chamber and having a plurality of divided combustion regions; a heat exchanger heated by the burner; a fuel supply unit for independently supplying fuel to each combustion region of the burner; and the burner A combustion apparatus that switches a combustion capacity by switching a combustion region of the burner that supplies fuel,
Supply air in accordance with capacity switching so that the air to the non-combustion area of the burner, where the fuel supply is cut off at the time of small capacity, is cut off and the combustion air is supplied only to the combustion area of the burner. Rutotomoni provided with air supply path switching means for switching the road,
The gist of the present invention is to provide discharge means for discharging the blocked air to the outside of the container without sending it to the heat exchanger .
[0010]
The combustion apparatus according to claim 2 of the present invention is the combustion apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising mixing means for mixing the released air and the combustion exhaust gas after heat exchange, and then discharging the mixture to the outside of the container. The summary is provided.
[0011]
In the combustion apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention having the above-described configuration, the combustion area of the burner is switched to form a non-combustion area when the combustion capacity is reduced.
The air supply path switching means supplies the combustion air only to the burner combustion area by shutting off the air in and around the non-combustion area of the burner when the capacity is small.
Therefore, the heat exchanger downstream of the non-combustion region in the combustion gas passage is not cooled by the short-circuit air, and the thermal efficiency is increased.
[0012]
Further, after heat exchange with the combustion gas generated from the combustion area of the bar burner in the heat exchanger, and discharged to the device body outside, whereas, to send air that has been blocked by the air supply passage switching means to the heat exchanger Without discharge by the discharge means. For this reason, when the combustion capacity is reduced, it is not necessary to greatly reduce the rotational speed of the fan in accordance with a reduction in the required amount of combustion air.
Therefore, the fan speed can be ensured without the fan rotation speed falling below the controllable range, and the discharge pressure at the exhaust section is maintained at a high level to prevent back wind from entering from outside the body. As a result, it is possible to prevent heat exchanger cooling and combustion failure due to the back wind.
[0013]
The combustion apparatus according to claim 2 of the present invention mixes the air discharged by the discharge means and the combustion exhaust gas, and then discharges it outside the container. For this reason, the combustion exhaust gas having a high water vapor concentration (so-called humidity) is diluted by the discharge air, and the distribution of the water vapor in the exhaust gas becomes uniform by mixing with the discharge air.
Therefore, even if the combustion gas is cooled when discharged to the outside of the container, it does not easily form water droplets, and the exhaust does not become white like steam. In addition, the exhaust part is less likely to condense.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In order to further clarify the configuration and operation of the present invention described above, a preferred embodiment of the combustion apparatus of the present invention will be described below. Note that the symbols L and R are omitted when collectively referring to the left and right parts.
[0015]
<< First Embodiment >>
A water heater as a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
In the water heater 10, a square cylinder-shaped combustion chamber 20 and a blower chamber 18 are provided in the upper and lower parts in the appliance main body 12, and a fan 16 is attached below the blower chamber 18. The appliance body 12 is formed with an air supply port 14 for taking outside air as combustion air.
[0016]
An all primary air burner 22 is provided in the lower part of the combustion chamber 20, and a combustion region of the burner 22 is divided into right and left to form a left burner 22L and a right burner 22R. The burners 22L, R are formed with flat combustion plates 22La, 22Ra on the upper surface, and the main body extends to the full vertical wall of the combustion chamber 20 so as to partition the combustion chamber 20 up and down, and the air is short-circuited. So that there is no gap. The right burner 22R has a higher maximum combustion capacity than the left burner 22L.
Furthermore, left and right mixing chambers 24L and 24R are provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber 20 to mix the fuel gas and the combustion air from the fan 16 and send them to the burners 22L and R.
In addition, a finned tube heat exchanger 32 that exchanges heat with the combustion gas from the burner 22 is provided in the upper portion of the combustion chamber 20.
[0017]
A combustion chamber outlet 28 for discharging combustion exhaust gas after heat exchange by the heat exchanger 32 is formed in the upper portion of the combustion chamber 20.
Outside the combustion chamber 20, left and right air bypass circuits 40L and 40R (release means) that communicate with the left and right mixing chambers 24L and R and extend to the combustion chamber outlet 28 are provided. The instrument body 12 is provided with a mixing passage 42 (mixing means) for mixing the combustion exhaust gas from the combustion chamber outlet 28 and the air from the air bypass circuit 40, and an exhaust port 44 is formed at the tip.
[0018]
The mixing chambers 24L and R are provided with switching controllers 60L and 60R provided with two on-off valves at the left and right ends of the drive shaft, respectively. One on-off valve is a supply valve 62L, 62R that controls the supply of air-fuel mixture to the burner 22L, R by opening and closing the inlets 23L, 23R of the burners 22L, 22R, and the other on-off valve is the mixing chamber 24L, The bypass valves 64L and 64R open and close the bypass communication ports 41L and 41R between the 24R and the air bypass circuits 40L and 40R.
Since the supply valve 62 and the bypass valve 64 are provided on the same shaft, the bypass valve 64 is closed when the supply valve 62 is open, and the bypass valve 64 is open when the supply valve 62 is closed. It becomes an open state.
[0019]
In the vicinity of the mixing chambers 24L and 24R, gas pipes 52 branched into two flow paths in the middle are provided in order to supply fuel gas to the left and right burners 22L and 22R. An upstream solenoid valve 51 and a proportional solenoid valve 53 are provided upstream of the branch portion of the gas pipe 52. On the other hand, gas on-off valves 54L and 54R are provided downstream of the branch part, and gas nozzles 56L and 56R are provided at the respective ends. The gas nozzles 56L and 56R face the combustion chamber inlets 26L and 26R that connect the blower chamber 18 and the mixing chambers 24L and R, respectively.
[0020]
The water pipe provided in the appliance body 12 includes a water supply pipe 30, a fin tube heat exchanger 32, and a hot water pipe 34 in this order from the upstream. The water supply pipe 30 is provided with a water-side control unit 50 including a water flow sensor and a water governor.
The water flow sensor in the water-side control unit 50, the original solenoid valve 51, the proportional solenoid valve 53, the gas on-off valve 54, the switching control unit 60, the motor of the fan 16, and the like control the combustion of the water heater 10. It is electrically connected to a burner controller (not shown).
[0021]
In the water heater 10 configured in this way, water flows into the water supply pipe 30 by opening a hot water tap (not shown), and the burner controller performs a control operation based on a detection signal from a water flow sensor in the water-side control unit 50, and switching is performed. As the supply valve 62 of the control unit 60 is opened, the bypass valve 64 is closed, and the fan 16 starts to rotate by driving the motor to send air into the combustion chamber 20.
When the predetermined pre-purge is completed, the gas on-off valves 54L and 54R of the burner 22 are opened, gas is supplied to the left and right burners 22L and R, and the burner 22 is ignited by an igniter (not shown).
[0022]
When the ignition operation is completed, the combustion amount control is started, and if there is a difference between the hot water temperature detected by the unshown hot water temperature thermistor and the set temperature, the burner controller determines that, and proportional control and burner switching control described later are performed. By changing the combustion capacity, the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger 32 is kept constant.
Further, a signal is sent from the burner controller to the motor of the fan 16 in accordance with the combustion capacity, and the rotation speed of the fan 16 is also changed, so that the gas amount and the air supply amount are always maintained in a predetermined relationship. .
[0023]
In such combustion control, along with the operation of the fan 16, outside air is sucked into the instrument main body 12 from the air supply port 14 provided in the instrument main body 12 and introduced into the burner 22 to be burned as combustion air. In addition, the broken line arrow in a figure shows the flow of air, and the solid line arrow shows the flow of combustion gas.
[0024]
Here, the combustion amount control for changing from small capacity to large capacity will be described.
First, at the time of small capacity, as shown in FIG. 1, in order to burn only the left burner 22L having a small capacity, the left gas supply valve 62L and the right bypass valve 64R are opened, and then the left gas on-off valve 54L is opened.
Along with the opening of the right bypass valve 64R, the inlet 23R of the right burner 22R is closed by the right supply valve 62R, and the air that has entered the right mixing chamber 24R from the fan 16 through the right combustion chamber inlet 26R flows to the right bypass. It flows through the right air bypass 40R through the communication port 41R.
And when raising a capacity | capacitance, the opening degree of the proportional solenoid valve 53 is gradually enlarged, and an input (gas supply amount) is increased.
[0025]
When the required input exceeds the capacity of the left burner 22L, only the right burner 22R having a large capacity is burned, but before that, both burners 22 are burned for fire transfer. For this reason, the right supply valve 62R is also opened and the right gas on / off valve 54R is also opened to cause the right burner 22R to burn. Then, after closing the left gas on-off valve 54L, the left supply valve 62L is closed to stop the combustion of the left burner 22L, only the right burner 22R is burned, and the opening of the proportional solenoid valve 53 is reduced and then gradually increased again. I will do it.
When the left supply valve 62L is closed, the left bypass valve 64L is opened, and the air from the fan 16 flows through the left bypass communication port 41L through the left air bypass circuit 40L. At this time, since the right bypass valve 64R is closed, no air flows through the right air bypass circuit 40R.
[0026]
Further, when the required input exceeds the capacity of the right burner 22R (large capacity), in order to burn in both burners 22, the left gas supply valve 62L is opened after the left supply valve 62L is opened, and the left burner 22L is also burned. The opening degree of the proportional solenoid valve 53 is gradually increased. At this time, since the left and right bypass valves 64 are closed, air does not flow through the left and right air bypass circuits 40.
In this way, the burner 22 to be burned is switched, and the combustion amount control is performed by increasing or decreasing the input of the burning burner 22 by the proportional solenoid valve 53.
[0027]
In such a small capacity in the combustion amount control, as shown in FIG. 1, the high-temperature combustion gas generated in the left burner 22L during combustion flows between the fins (left side) of the heat exchanger 32 by the fan 16 and is good. The heat is exchanged to flow into the combustion chamber outlet 28, is mixed with the air from the right air bypass 40 </ b> R in the mixing passage 42, is mixed, and is discharged from the exhaust port 44 to the outside of the instrument.
[0028]
Thus, since the cold air from the fan 16 does not pass through the non-burning right burner 22R, the upper heat exchanger 32 (right side) is not cooled, and the thermal efficiency is prevented from being lowered. be able to.
In addition, since there is no gap between the combustion chamber 20 and the burner 22, the air from the fan 16 does not short-circuit the combustion chamber 20, and a decrease in thermal efficiency due to cooling of the heat exchanger 32 can be prevented.
[0029]
On the other hand, the combustion of only the right burner 22R is the same except that the left and right are reversed, and the combustion gas from the right burner 22R is mixed with the air from the left air bypass 40L, and is discharged from the exhaust port 44 to the outside of the instrument. Discharged. Similarly, a decrease in thermal efficiency can be prevented without cooling the heat exchanger 32 (left side).
Further, when both the burners 22L and 22R are burned, air does not flow through the left and right air bypass circuits 40L and R, and the combustion exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust port 44 as it is.
[0030]
In the water heater 10 described above, when only one burner 22 is combusted (one-side combustion), the combustion exhaust gas is mixed with air in the mixing passage 42 and then discharged outside the body, so that the distribution of water vapor in the exhaust gas is uniform. At the same time, the water vapor concentration (humidity) is lower than the combustion exhaust gas before mixing.
Therefore, even when cooled to the outside of the container, water droplets are hardly formed, and the exhaust does not become white like steam. Needless to say, white smoke (steam) is not biased to a part (for example, the right side) of the exhaust port 44 as in the conventional examples 1 and 2.
As a result, it is possible to prevent a misunderstanding that the water heater 10 is out of order, and the user can use the appliance with peace of mind.
Further, since the exhaust does not easily form water droplets, it is difficult for condensation to occur at the exhaust port 44, and it is possible to prevent the periphery of the exhaust port 44 from being contaminated with water due to condensation.
[0031]
Further, at the time of one-side combustion, it is usually necessary to reduce the rotational speed of the fan 16 in accordance with a reduction in the required amount of combustion air, but in this embodiment, the outlet of the mixing chamber 24 on the non-combustion burner 22 side. In order to send a part of the air sucked by the fan 16 to the air bypass circuit 40 by opening the bypass communication port 41 without closing all the (ie, the burner inlet 23 and the bypass communication port 41), the rotational speed of the fan 16 is adjusted. There is no need to drop it and it can be maintained at a high speed. Moreover, since the air sent to the mixing chamber 24 on the non-burning burner 22 side is not passed through the heat exchanger 32, the pressure loss can be reduced.
Therefore, the fan 16 does not fall below the controllable rotation speed range, and can secure the blowing capacity.
In addition, since the exhaust pressure at the exhaust port 44 can be maintained high, even if the wind blows from the outside of the vessel toward the inside of the vessel, the invasion of the reverse wind can be prevented, and the heat exchanger 32 is cooled by the reverse wind. , Does not cause poor combustion.
[0032]
<< Second Embodiment >>
Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In addition, a different part from 1st Embodiment is demonstrated, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the overlapping part, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.
A water heater 110 according to the second embodiment includes a partition plate 121 that partitions the combustion chamber 120 left and right, and two sets of left and right burner assemblies 122L and 122R (hereinafter referred to as a plurality of Bunsen burners arranged in the front-rear direction in the partitioned space). Simply called a burner).
[0033]
Air supply chambers 118L and 118R for supplying primary combustion air and secondary air to left and right burners 122L and 122R, respectively, are provided at the lower part of the partitioned space. 140R is provided. Above the fan 16, air supply valves 162L and 162R for opening and closing the air supply chambers 118L and R, bypass valves 164L and 164R for opening and closing the air bypass circuits 140L and R, and left and right valves are independently provided. A switching control unit 160 including two spindles that are advanced and retracted is provided.
[0034]
A gas pipe 152 branched to the left and right for supplying fuel gas to the burner 122 is provided at the lower portion of the combustion chamber 120, and an original solenoid valve 151 and a proportional solenoid valve 153 are provided upstream of the branch portion of the gas pipe 152. It is done. On the other hand, gas on-off valves 154L and 154R are respectively provided downstream of the branch portions, and gas nozzles 156L and 156R are provided at the respective ends so as to face the inlets 123L and R of the burners 122L and R, respectively.
[0035]
The water heater 110 configured as described above also performs burner switching combustion.
First, when burning both the left and right burners 122, the supply valves 162L and R of the switching control unit 60 are opened, and the bypass valves 164L and R are closed and burned. The combustion exhaust gas is discharged from the combustion chamber outlet 128 to the exhaust port 44 through the mixing passage 42.
[0036]
When the necessary input decreases from this state and the combustion is switched to the combustion of only the right burner 122R, the left bypass valve 164L is opened and the left air supply valve 162L is closed as shown in FIGS. As a result, the air from the fan 16 flows to the right supply chamber 118R and the left bypass 140L, is sent to the right burner inlet 123R as primary combustion air, and the gap GR between the right burners 122R arranged in the front and rear direction. And is sent as secondary air to the combustion region of the right burner 122R.
[0037]
At this time, since the left air supply valve 162L is closed, the air from the fan 16 does not flow into the left air supply chamber 118L partitioned by the partition plate 121, and not only in the left burner 122L that is not combusted, There is no flow in the gap (not shown) between the left burners 122L.
Therefore, the heat exchanger 32 (left side) at the upper part of the left burner 122L is not cooled by air and can maintain high thermal efficiency.
[0038]
In addition, as with the water heater 10 of the first embodiment, white smoke is not generated, so that it is not mistaken for a failure. In addition, since air flows through the air bypass circuit and maintains the rotational speed of the fan 16 at a high level even during one-side combustion, the air blowing capacity can be secured, and cooling of the heat exchanger 32 and poor combustion due to the back wind can be prevented.
The same effect can be obtained when only the left burner 122L is combusted.
[0039]
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to such embodiment at all, Of course, it can implement in a various aspect in the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention.
For example, in this embodiment, the capacity is adjusted by switching the number of burners burned, but the combustion area of one burner body is divided into a plurality of parts, the gas supply path is divided, and gas is supplied to each combustion area independently. It may be applied to what is supplied. In this case, the combustion capacity is switched by increasing or decreasing the combustion area of the burner.
Further, the burner to be burned may be simply switched without performing the gas proportional control.
Alternatively, the short-circuit air may be blocked by providing a shield that surrounds the periphery of the burner and fills the gap between the combustion chamber and the burner without extending the burner body body to fill the vertical wall of the combustion chamber.
Further, in the first embodiment, an air supply duct branched toward each intake port in the burner combustion region is provided so that all air from the fan is supplied into the burner body, and a shut-off valve is provided at the tip thereof. The combustion region may be switched. In this case, there may be a gap between the burner and the vertical wall of the combustion chamber.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
As described in detail above, according to the combustion apparatus of the first aspect of the present invention, in order to prevent air from flowing to the non-combustion region of the burner and its surroundings at a small capacity, the heat exchanger is cooled by this air. High thermal efficiency can be obtained.
[0041]
Further, since the unit out release emits blocking air to Utsuwatai outside without sent to the heat exchanger, to maintain the fan blowing capacity without lowering the thermal efficiency at the time of a small capacity, the headwind from entering the vent Can be prevented.
As a result, it is possible to prevent heat exchanger cooling and combustion failure due to the back wind.
[0042]
Further, according to the combustion apparatus of the second aspect , the mixing means dilutes the high-humidity combustion exhaust gas with the discharge air and makes the distribution of water vapor in the exhaust gas uniform. There is no misunderstanding that it is out of order, and the user can use the device with peace of mind.
In addition, the exhaust part is less likely to condense and suppresses dirt due to water.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water heater according to a first embodiment as viewed from the front.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water heater according to a second embodiment as viewed from the front.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water heater according to a second embodiment as viewed from the right.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water heater of Conventional Example 1 as viewed from the front.
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water heater of Conventional Example 2 as viewed from the front.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10,110 ... Hot water heater, 16 ... Fan, 20, 120 ... Combustion chamber, 22, 122 ... Burner, 32 ... Heat exchanger, 40, 140 ... Air bypass, 42 ... Mixing passageway, 44 ... Exhaust port, 60, 160 ... switching control unit, 62 ... supply valve, 64, 164 ... detour valve, 162 ... air supply valve.

Claims (2)

燃焼室に設けられ複数に区分された燃焼領域を有するバーナと、該バーナにより加熱される熱交換器と、該バーナの各燃焼領域へそれぞれ燃料を独立して供給する燃料供給部と、該バーナへ燃焼用空気を供給する1つのファンとを備え、燃料供給する該バーナの燃焼領域を切り替えて燃焼能力を切り替える燃焼装置において、
小能力時に燃料供給が遮断される該バーナの非燃焼領域への空気を遮断し、燃料供給される該バーナの燃焼領域にのみ燃焼用空気を供給するように、能力切替に合わせて空気の供給路を切り替える給気路切替手段を備えるとともに、
上記遮断された空気を上記熱交換器へ送らずに器体外部へ放出する放出手段を備えたことを特徴とする燃焼装置。
A burner provided in the combustion chamber and having a plurality of divided combustion regions; a heat exchanger heated by the burner; a fuel supply section for independently supplying fuel to each combustion region of the burner; and the burner A combustion apparatus that switches a combustion capacity by switching a combustion region of the burner that supplies fuel,
Supply air in accordance with the capacity switching so that the air to the non-combustion area of the burner where the fuel supply is cut off at a small capacity is cut off and the combustion air is supplied only to the combustion area of the burner supplied with fuel. Rutotomoni provided with air supply path switching means for switching the road,
A combustion apparatus comprising discharge means for discharging the blocked air to the outside of the container without sending it to the heat exchanger .
上記放出される空気と熱交換後の燃焼排ガスとを混合させてから器体外部へ排出する混合手段を備えたことを特徴とする請求項記載の燃焼装置。Combustion apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a mixing means for discharging from by mixing the flue gas of air and after the heat exchange is the release to the device body outside.
JP2002016482A 2002-01-25 2002-01-25 Combustion device Expired - Fee Related JP3854870B2 (en)

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JP2010127540A (en) * 2008-11-27 2010-06-10 Noritz Corp Combustion apparatus
JP2010127553A (en) * 2008-11-28 2010-06-10 Noritz Corp Combustion apparatus
JP5483049B2 (en) * 2008-12-25 2014-05-07 株式会社ノーリツ Combustion device
JP5354284B2 (en) * 2009-06-29 2013-11-27 株式会社ノーリツ Combustion device
JP5658652B2 (en) * 2011-12-20 2015-01-28 リンナイ株式会社 Combustion device
JP6226181B2 (en) * 2013-10-25 2017-11-08 株式会社ノーリツ Combustion device and hot water device provided with the same
JP6633334B2 (en) * 2015-10-01 2020-01-22 リンナイ株式会社 Combined heat source machine
JP6633335B2 (en) * 2015-10-01 2020-01-22 リンナイ株式会社 Combined heat source machine

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