JP3854319B2 - Liquid development transfer method, transfer paper used therefor, and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Liquid development transfer method, transfer paper used therefor, and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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JP3854319B2
JP3854319B2 JP15395195A JP15395195A JP3854319B2 JP 3854319 B2 JP3854319 B2 JP 3854319B2 JP 15395195 A JP15395195 A JP 15395195A JP 15395195 A JP15395195 A JP 15395195A JP 3854319 B2 JP3854319 B2 JP 3854319B2
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transfer
liquid
transfer paper
paper
absorption coefficient
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JPH08328389A (en
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明彦 後藤
一男 津布子
晃 大川
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
電子写真法により形成した静電潜像を液体現像し、転写紙に転写する方法、また、転写紙及びその転写紙が非塗工紙の場合の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
電子写真法のうち液体現像により可視化する方式は、液体現像剤中のトナー粒子の微小粒子径に由来して、解像度が高く透明感のある画像が得られることから、複写用のみならずカラープルーファーやオンデマンドプリンターのような印刷関連分野においても実用化が検討されつつある。しかしながら、常法によって感光体等に形成した静電潜像を液体現像して可視像とし、紙に静電転写した場合には、転写紙によっては転写が十分でない場合があった。
【0003】
そうしたことから、特公昭50−10649号には、感光体−転写紙間の液体(液体現像剤キャリア液)の存在下における電気泳動現象を利用するとともに、その電気泳動現象を妨げない程度の吸油性(吸油係数αが5×10-2cm/sec以下)の転写紙を用いるようにし、それによって転写効率を高めるようにした液体現像転写方法が開示されている。ここにいう「吸油係数」とは転写紙表面に液体現像剤キャリア液を一滴落し、これが転写し裏面側に直径1cmの大きさにしみ広がるまでの時間secを転写紙の厚さcmで除した値である。そして、ここでの吸油性を低くする手段としては、
1.叩解度を強くする、
2.透気度を低くする、
3.組織間あるいは表面にレジン等の充填剤を入れる、
4.繊維原料として針葉樹等を高い比率で入れる、
等の方法が有効であるとしている。
【0004】
また、特公昭50−10650号には前記吸油性の高いだけの紙では、画像の定着性が不充分であり、このため、吸油係数αが1.0×10-2cm/sec以下で、かつベック平滑度150秒以下の転写紙を用いることが提案されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明者らは、いくつかの非塗工紙について特公昭50−10650号に示される平滑度及び特公昭50−10649号に示される吸油係数αと転写画質との関係を調ベたところ、平滑度及び吸油係数αが先の公報に示された範囲では、画像の均一性が劣ったり、画像濃度が十分でなかったり、一般の印刷物に比べて見劣りのするものであった。
そこで、本発明の目的はこのような不都合を解消し、液体現像転写法における転写画質の向上、特に画像濃度及び均一性の向上が図られ、更にはこの液体現像転写法での使用に効果的な転写紙を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは転写工程における転写紙の特性値と転写画質の関係を解明し、転写紙の吸油性、特に液体と転写紙が接触してから極く短時間での吸収特性及び転写紙の平滑度と転写画質との間に関係があることを見い出した。すなわち、特公昭50−10649号、特公昭50−10650号に示されるように単に吸油度を低くし適度な粗さ(平滑度150秒以下)を与えるだけでは十分な転写画質は得られず、液体と転写紙とが接触してから極く短時間での吸収を少なくし、かつ転写紙がきわめて高い平滑度を有することが必須の条件であることを見い出した。本発明はこれに基づいてなされたものである。
【0007】
本発明によれば、
(1)静電潜像を液体現像し転写紙に静電転写する方法において、ブリストー法吸収係数が2.0ml/m2・ms1/2以下である転写紙を用いることを特徴とする液体現像転写方法、
(2)静電潜像を液体現像し転写紙に静電転写する方法に使用する転写紙において、ブリストー法吸収係数が2.0ml/m2・ms1/2以下であることを特徴とする液体現像静電転写用転写紙、及び
(3)転写紙の製造方法において、キャレンダー加工によってブリストー法吸収係数を2.0ml/m2・ms1/2以下とし、かつ王研式平滑度を150秒以上にすることを特徴とする液体現像静電転写用転写紙の製造方法、
が提供される。
【0008】
なお、本発明において「ブリストー法吸収係数」とは、J.TAPPI紙パルプ試験方法NO.51の液体吸収試験方法に示される吸収係数であって、本発明では液体現像剤の担体液を使用したものとして吸収係数を定義する。
ここでブリストー法による吸収係数の求め方を記述すれば下記のとおりである。
▲1▼既知量の液体を添加したヘッドボックスを、任意の一定速度で移動している試験片に接触させ、スリットを通して紙面に液を完全に吸収させる。
このとき、吸収時間Tはスリット幅と試験片の移動速度から、下式で示される接触時間で定義される。

Figure 0003854319
▲2▼また、液体の転移量Vは、ヘッドボックスへの液体添加量をXμl、紙面に転移し終わるまでに液体が残した転移跡の長さ(トレース長)をAmmとすると、
Figure 0003854319
で表される。
▲3▼吸収時間と液体の転移量より、極く短時間での紙及び板紙の吸収特性を知ることができる。
吸収時間の平方根に対して、転移量をブロットすると、一般には図1の吸収曲線及び等式が得られる。
Figure 0003854319
▲4▼ここで粗さ指数Vrは液体の浸透には全く無関係であり、表面の凹凸等によるものである。
吸収係数Kaは吸収の速さを表す指標であり、液体と紙の接触角、紙表面の毛管半径、液体の粘度及び表面張力に関係する。
ぬれ時間Twは、液体と紙の接触角が大きいときに観察されるもので、液体が紙繊維の表面をぬらしてから吸収が始まるまでの時間である。
【0009】
以下に本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。
本発明におけるブリストー法吸収係数は、転写紙の液体吸収性を特性値化した点においては特公昭50−10649号、特公昭50−10650号の吸油係数αと類似性のある特性値であるが、吸油係数αが液体の吸収挙動を紙の表面から裏面にしみこみ一定の面積に広がる時の時間から求めるように、長い時間における吸収挙動をとらえた特性であるのに対して、ブリストー法吸収係数は短時間における挙動を示し、時間的尺度において大きな差異がある。液体現像転写法においては、液体現像剤が転写紙に接触してから転写工程が実質的に完了するまでの転写時間は概ね100msec前後である。ところが、非塗工紙の吸油係数αを算出する際の吸収時間は概ね10秒前後であり、転写時間の100msecと2オーダー異なる。この時間的尺度の差異が吸油係数αと転写画質の相関性を不十分にすると考えられ。
【0010】
一方、ブリストー法では、液体と転写紙の接触時間を1msec〜10秒程度の範囲の中で接触時間を変えて転移量を測定し、吸収時間の平方根に対して転移量をプロットして吸収曲線を得る。吸収曲線の形状は吸収時間100msec前後では直線性が認められ、その傾きからブリストー法吸収係数を求めることができる。吸収時間が更に長くなると、直線性は認められなくなり、傾きは次第に緩やかになる。このことからも、長い時間における吸収挙動をとらえた特性は転写工程における液の吸収挙動と異なることが理解できる。
【0011】
本発明の課題を達成するには、ブリストー法吸収係数は2.0ml/m2・ms1/2以下にすることが必要である。2.0ml/m2・ms1/2を越えると転写時間の途中で液体現像剤の担体液が吸収されてしまい、転写が不十分になる。ブリストー法吸収係数を2.0ml/m2・ms1/2以下にするには特公昭50−10649号に示される前記の4つの手段から特に適切な手段を選択することで達成できる。但し、前記の4つの手段は必要条件ではあるけれども、十分条件ではなく、この点においては未だ解明は十分ではない。
【0012】
また、本発明は転写紙の王研式平滑度を150秒以上にすることを必須の条件とする。特公昭50−10650号では液体現像転写紙の要件として吸油度が低いことと適度な表面粗さがあることを不可欠の条件とし、表面粗さとしてはベック法表示で150秒以下であることが必要としている。しかしながら、平滑度が低いと転写紙表面の凹部を液体現像剤の担体液が満たす結果、転写に必要な担体液が不足することになり、転写画質が低下する。
【0013】
転写紙の平滑度を150秒以上にするにはキャレンダー加工が有効な製法でなる。
キャレンダー加工による高平滑化は転写紙のブリストー法吸収係数を2.0ml/m2・ms1/2以下にする手段としても有効であって、転写紙の自由度が高い(前記の4つの手段を選択することによる制約がない)点でも実用的な手段といえる。
【0014】
【実施例】
次に実施例により本発明を具体的に説明する。
転写紙として用いた用紙を表1に非塗工紙、表2に非塗工紙をキャレンダー処理したもの、のそれぞれの物性を示す。
【0015】
【表1】
Figure 0003854319
【0016】
【表2】
Figure 0003854319
【0017】
実施例1〜6、比較例1〜4
リコー社製の液体現像転写機リコーFT400iを改造して、感光体、現像ローラー、リバースローラーを図2に示したような構成にし、表3にあげた条件で複写を行なった。
【0018】
【表3】
Figure 0003854319
【0019】
複写画像の品質は表4のとおりであった。
【表4】
Figure 0003854319
【0020】
【発明の効果】
請求項1及び2の発明によれば、トナーの転写性が改善され画像濃度が高くなっただけでなく、画像品質も向上したものとなる。
請求項3の発明によれば、吸収係数が2.0ml/m2・ms1/2以下かつ王研式平滑度150秒以上にするには、非塗工紙にキャレンダー処理を行なうのが効果的である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】ブリストー法吸収係数を求めるための説明図。
【図2】液体現像転写方式を実施するのに適した装置の概略図を示した図。
【符号の説明】
1 感光体
2 現像ローラー
3 リバースローラー
4 液体現像剤[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method of liquid-developing an electrostatic latent image formed by electrophotography and transferring it to transfer paper, and a transfer paper and a manufacturing method when the transfer paper is non-coated paper.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Among the electrophotographic methods, the method of visualizing by liquid development is derived from the fine particle size of the toner particles in the liquid developer, so that a high-resolution and transparent image can be obtained. Practical use is also being studied in printing-related fields such as fur and on-demand printers. However, when an electrostatic latent image formed on a photoconductor or the like by a conventional method is liquid-developed to form a visible image and electrostatically transferred to paper, transfer may not be sufficient depending on the transfer paper.
[0003]
Therefore, Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-10649 discloses an oil absorption that uses an electrophoretic phenomenon in the presence of a liquid (liquid developer carrier liquid) between a photoreceptor and a transfer paper and does not interfere with the electrophoretic phenomenon. Discloses a liquid development transfer method in which transfer paper having an oil absorption coefficient α (oil absorption coefficient α is 5 × 10 −2 cm / sec or less) is used, thereby improving transfer efficiency. The “oil absorption coefficient” as used herein refers to dividing the time sec from when a drop of the liquid developer carrier liquid is dropped onto the surface of the transfer paper and transferring it into a 1 cm diameter spread on the back side by the thickness of the transfer paper. Value. And as a means to lower the oil absorption here,
1. Increase the degree of beating,
2. Reduce the air permeability,
3. Put a filler such as resin between tissues or on the surface,
4). Add a high percentage of softwood as a fiber raw material,
Etc. are said to be effective.
[0004]
Further, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-10650, the paper having only high oil absorption has insufficient image fixability, and therefore, the oil absorption coefficient α is 1.0 × 10 −2 cm / sec or less. In addition, it has been proposed to use a transfer paper having a Beck smoothness of 150 seconds or less.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present inventors investigated the relationship between the smoothness shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-10650 and the oil absorption coefficient α shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-10649 and the transfer image quality for several uncoated papers. When the smoothness and the oil absorption coefficient α are in the ranges shown in the above publications, the uniformity of the image is inferior, the image density is not sufficient, or it is inferior to a general printed matter.
Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to eliminate such inconveniences, improve the transfer image quality in the liquid development transfer method, particularly improve the image density and uniformity, and is effective for use in this liquid development transfer method. Is to provide a simple transfer paper.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have clarified the relationship between the transfer paper characteristic value and the transfer image quality in the transfer process, and the oil absorption of the transfer paper, particularly the absorption characteristics in a very short time after contact between the liquid and the transfer paper, and the transfer paper We found that there is a relationship between smoothness and transfer image quality. That is, as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-10649 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-10650, it is not possible to obtain a sufficient transfer image quality simply by reducing the oil absorption and giving an appropriate roughness (smoothness of 150 seconds or less). It has been found that it is essential to reduce the absorption in a very short time after the liquid and the transfer paper come into contact with each other, and that the transfer paper has a very high smoothness. The present invention has been made based on this.
[0007]
According to the present invention,
(1) In a method of developing an electrostatic latent image by liquid development and electrostatic transfer onto a transfer paper, a transfer paper having a Bristow method absorption coefficient of 2.0 ml / m 2 · ms 1/2 or less is used. Development transfer method,
(2) A transfer paper used for a method of liquid developing an electrostatic latent image to electrostatic transfer onto a transfer paper, wherein the Bristow method absorption coefficient is 2.0 ml / m 2 · ms 1/2 or less. In the transfer paper for liquid development electrostatic transfer and (3) the transfer paper manufacturing method, the Bristow method absorption coefficient is 2.0 ml / m 2 · ms 1/2 or less by calendering, and the Oken smoothness is A method for producing a transfer paper for liquid development electrostatic transfer, characterized in that it is 150 seconds or longer,
Is provided.
[0008]
In the present invention, “Bristow method absorption coefficient” means “J. TAPPI paper pulp test method NO. In the present invention, the absorption coefficient is defined as using a liquid developer carrier liquid.
Here, the method of obtaining the absorption coefficient by the Bristow method is described as follows.
(1) A head box to which a known amount of liquid is added is brought into contact with a test piece moving at an arbitrary constant speed, and the liquid is completely absorbed by the paper surface through the slit.
At this time, the absorption time T is defined by the contact time represented by the following formula from the slit width and the moving speed of the test piece.
Figure 0003854319
{Circle over (2)} Also, the liquid transfer amount V is X μl of the amount of liquid added to the head box, and Amm is the length of the transfer mark (trace length) left by the liquid before the transfer to the paper surface.
Figure 0003854319
It is represented by
(3) The absorption characteristics of paper and paperboard in a very short time can be known from the absorption time and the amount of liquid transfer.
When the amount of transition is blotted against the square root of the absorption time, the absorption curve and equation of FIG. 1 are generally obtained.
Figure 0003854319
(4) Here, the roughness index Vr is completely irrelevant to the penetration of the liquid, and is due to surface irregularities.
The absorption coefficient Ka is an index representing the speed of absorption, and is related to the contact angle between the liquid and paper, the capillary radius of the paper surface, the viscosity of the liquid, and the surface tension.
The wetting time Tw is observed when the contact angle between the liquid and the paper is large, and is the time from when the liquid wets the surface of the paper fiber until absorption starts.
[0009]
The present invention is described in further detail below.
The Bristow method absorption coefficient in the present invention is a characteristic value similar to the oil absorption coefficient α of Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-10649 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-10650 in that the liquid absorbency of the transfer paper is characteristicized. The oil absorption coefficient α is a characteristic that captures the absorption behavior over a long period of time, as seen from the time when the liquid absorption behavior spreads from a paper surface to the back surface and spreads over a certain area, whereas the Bristow method absorption coefficient Shows behavior in a short time, with a large difference in time scale. In the liquid development transfer method, the transfer time from when the liquid developer contacts the transfer paper until the transfer process is substantially completed is approximately 100 msec. However, the absorption time when calculating the oil absorption coefficient α of the non-coated paper is about 10 seconds, which is two orders different from the transfer time of 100 msec. This difference in the time scale is considered to make the correlation between the oil absorption coefficient α and the transfer image quality insufficient.
[0010]
On the other hand, in the Bristow method, the amount of transfer is measured by changing the contact time between the liquid and the transfer paper in the range of about 1 msec to 10 seconds, and the amount of transfer is plotted against the square root of the absorption time to obtain an absorption curve. Get. As for the shape of the absorption curve, linearity is recognized around an absorption time of 100 msec, and the Bristow method absorption coefficient can be obtained from the slope. As the absorption time becomes longer, linearity is not recognized and the slope becomes gradually gentler. From this, it can be understood that the characteristics of capturing the absorption behavior in a long time are different from the absorption behavior of the liquid in the transfer process.
[0011]
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, it is necessary that the Bristow method absorption coefficient is 2.0 ml / m 2 · ms 1/2 or less. If it exceeds 2.0 ml / m 2 · ms 1/2 , the carrier liquid of the liquid developer is absorbed during the transfer time, resulting in insufficient transfer. The Bristow method absorption coefficient can be reduced to 2.0 ml / m 2 · ms 1/2 or less by selecting a particularly appropriate means from the above-mentioned four means shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-10649. However, although the above four means are necessary conditions, they are not sufficient conditions. In this respect, the clarification is not yet sufficient.
[0012]
Further, in the present invention, it is an essential condition that the Oken type smoothness of the transfer paper is 150 seconds or more. In Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 50-10650, the requirements for the liquid development transfer paper are that the oil absorption is low and that there is an appropriate surface roughness, and the surface roughness is 150 seconds or less as indicated by the Beck method. In need of. However, if the smoothness is low, the carrier liquid of the liquid developer fills the recesses on the surface of the transfer paper. As a result, the carrier liquid necessary for the transfer becomes insufficient, and the transfer image quality deteriorates.
[0013]
In order to increase the smoothness of the transfer paper to 150 seconds or more, calendaring is an effective manufacturing method.
High smoothing by calendering is also effective as means for reducing the Bristow method absorption coefficient of the transfer paper to 2.0 ml / m 2 · ms 1/2 or less, and the transfer paper has a high degree of freedom (the above four It is also a practical means in that there is no restriction by selecting the means).
[0014]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described specifically by way of examples.
Table 1 shows the physical properties of the non-coated paper shown in Table 1 and the non-coated paper subjected to calendar treatment in Table 2.
[0015]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003854319
[0016]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003854319
[0017]
Examples 1-6, Comparative Examples 1-4
The liquid developer transfer machine Ricoh FT400i manufactured by Ricoh was remodeled so that the photoconductor, developing roller, and reverse roller were configured as shown in FIG. 2, and copying was performed under the conditions listed in Table 3.
[0018]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003854319
[0019]
The quality of the copied image was as shown in Table 4.
[Table 4]
Figure 0003854319
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first and second aspects of the invention, not only the toner transferability is improved and the image density is increased, but also the image quality is improved.
According to the invention of claim 3, in order to obtain an absorption coefficient of 2.0 ml / m 2 · ms 1/2 or less and Oken type smoothness of 150 seconds or more, the non-coated paper is calendered. It is effective.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for obtaining a Bristow method absorption coefficient.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus suitable for carrying out a liquid development transfer method.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Photoconductor 2 Developing roller 3 Reverse roller 4 Liquid developer

Claims (1)

静電潜像を液体現像し転写紙に静電転写する方法において、キャレンダー加工によってブリストー法吸収係数を2.0ml/m ・ms 1/2 以下とし、かつ王研式平滑度を150秒以上にする製造方法で作製した非塗工の液体現像静電転写用転写紙を用いることを特徴とする液体現像転写方法。 In the method in which the electrostatic latent image is liquid-developed and electrostatically transferred onto transfer paper, the Bristow method absorption coefficient is set to 2.0 ml / m 2 · ms 1/2 or less by calendering, and the Oken smoothness is 150 seconds. A liquid development transfer method, characterized by using a non-coated liquid development electrostatic transfer transfer paper produced by the above production method.
JP15395195A 1995-05-29 1995-05-29 Liquid development transfer method, transfer paper used therefor, and manufacturing method thereof Expired - Lifetime JP3854319B2 (en)

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JP2001075303A (en) * 1999-09-06 2001-03-23 Mishima Paper Co Ltd Wet electrophotographic printing paper
JP4083570B2 (en) * 2000-07-10 2008-04-30 ヒューレット−パッカード・インデイゴ・ビー・ブイ Transfer sheet and method for manufacturing transfer sheet
JP2002285498A (en) * 2001-03-23 2002-10-03 Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd Information-recording paper form for on-demand printing
JP5483486B2 (en) * 2012-01-18 2014-05-07 北越紀州製紙株式会社 Wet electrophotographic printing paper
JP5483487B2 (en) * 2012-01-18 2014-05-07 北越紀州製紙株式会社 Wet electrophotographic printing paper

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