JP3849033B2 - Impact crusher - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a horizontal shaft type impact pulverizer for pulverizing coal, coke, gypsum and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as this type of impact pulverizer, a steel box-shaped casing provided with an inlet at the top and a outlet at the bottom, horizontally mounted in the casing, and a large number of hammers are attached to the outer periphery. One-way rotating type or reversible rotating type rotor and one side or both sides of the rotor, and the upper end is pivotally attached to the casing via a support shaft parallel to the rotor axis, and on the outer side of the casing It is known that the lower end portion is provided so as to be able to approach and separate from the rotor via the attached lower gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder, and that there is a grinding plate formed by denting the surface facing the rotor. .
In this impact pulverizer, the pulverized raw material introduced from the inlet is repeatedly ground and impacted between the hammer and the grinding plate due to the impact of a number of hammers attached to the outer periphery of the rotor and the repulsive impact on the surface of the grinding plate. The pulverized product is effectively crushed by the action, falls into gravity as a crushed product, and is discharged from the discharge port. The pulverization degree is mainly adjusted by changing the number of rotations of the rotor, and hammering and grinding. This is done by adjusting the lower side gap between the lower side of the plate.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional impact-type crusher, the lower gap can be changed relatively easily by operating the lower gap adjustment hydraulic cylinder. However, the upper gap can be changed by turning the adjustment screw by hand at the site. This is a method of horizontally feeding the guide along the guide rail, and the moving distance is as small as about 90 mm, and the screw adjustment at the site is not troublesome, and the support shaft is fixed at an appropriate fixed position. The mainstream is to adjust the gap on the lower side only.
Therefore, the material to be ground that is hard and difficult to grind and the same material to be ground that is soft and easy to grind are frequently finely ground with the material to be ground that is difficult to grind, for example, every half day or every day. In addition, the same kind of material to be pulverized that is easily pulverized has a problem that it is difficult to change the pulverization conditions significantly, such as passing through the machine without pulverizing as much as possible (without excessive pulverization).
[0004]
Accordingly, the main object of the present invention is to provide an impact pulverizer that can easily change a large pulverization condition frequently.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a first impact type pulverizer according to the present invention includes a box-shaped casing provided with an inlet at an upper portion and an outlet at a lower portion, horizontally mounted in the casing, A rotor hinged with a hammer, and a lower gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder disposed on the side of the rotor and attached to the casing at the upper end via a support shaft parallel to the rotor shaft and attached to the outside of the casing. An impact crusher having a lower end portion which can be moved toward and away from the rotor, and has a grinding plate which is formed by recessing a surface facing the rotor, and the rotor hammer and the grinding plate Both ends of the support shaft should be connected to the outside of the casing so that the maximum value of the upper gap between the upper side and the upper side can be approximately equal to the maximum value of the lower gap between the rotor hammer and the lower side of the grinding plate. Hydraulic cylinder for upper gap adjustment attached to Through, characterized in that movable in the horizontal direction.
[0006]
In the first impact type pulverizer, the first one is provided with first rod moving distance measuring means for measuring the moving distance of the piston rod of the upper gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder, while the piston of the lower gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder is provided. A second rod moving distance measuring means for measuring the moving distance of the rod is provided, and an operation for approximately calculating and displaying the size of the upper gap and / or the lower gap from the data of both rod moving distance measuring means -A display means is provided.
[0007]
The third impact type crusher is a cylinder operation for controlling the operation of the upper and lower gap adjusting hydraulic cylinders so that the grinding plate, the rotor and the hammer do not contact with each other in the first or second one. Control means is provided.
[0008]
[Action]
In the first impact pulverizer of the present invention, the maximum value of the upper gap can be made substantially equal to the maximum value of the lower gap by the operation of the upper gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder.
[0009]
In the second impact type pulverizer, calculation and display of the upper side and lower side gaps are automatically performed in addition to the operation of the first one.
[0010]
In the third impact type pulverizer, the contact between the grinding plate and the hammer of the rotor is prevented in addition to the action of the first or second one.
[0011]
The rotor may be a one-way rotation type or a reversible rotation type, and is preferably provided so that the number of rotations can be changed.
When the rotor is of a reversible rotary type, the grinding plates are arranged on both sides of the rotor.
As the rod moving distance measuring means, a displacement sensor, a synchro transmitter, a laser sensor, a magnetic scale, an optical scale, and others are used.
As the cylinder operation control means, a method of controlling the operation of the hydraulic cylinder with an electric signal is preferable, or a method of mechanically controlling the above method may be provided.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view showing an example of an embodiment of an impact pulverizer according to the present invention.
This impact type pulverizer is of a reversible rotary type, and has a box-shaped casing 3 provided with an inlet 1 at the upper center and an outlet 2 opened at the lower center, and horizontally mounted in the casing 3. A rotor 5 in which a large number of hammers 4 are hinged on the outer periphery, and two grinding plates (repulsion plates) 6 which are arranged on both sides of the rotor 5 and are formed with a concave surface facing the rotor 5. It is roughly composed.
[0013]
The casing 3 has a steel plate welded structure, and the inlet 1 is provided with a full width and a rectangular shape, and both side portions of the inlet 1 facilitate in-machine maintenance. For this reason, it is provided so as to be separable according to the central part of the front and rear side walls supporting the insertion port 1 and the separation lines A and A ′, and can be opened and closed around the hinge pin 7 via a casing opening hydraulic cylinder (not shown). Is provided.
[0014]
The rotor 5 includes a horizontal rotor shaft 8 supported on the front and rear side walls of the casing 3 via bearings, and a large number of disk-shaped rotor plates 9 attached to the rotor shaft 8 at equal intervals. Is reciprocally rotated and linked to a rotation driving device (not shown) such as an electric motor having a variable rotation speed as appropriate.
On the outer periphery of the rotor plate 9 of the rotor 5, the numerous hammers 4 comprising the hammer arm 4a and the hammer head 4b hinged to the tip of the rotor plate 9 via the head pin 10 are arranged at the base of each hammer arm 4a. 9 are hinged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction via arm pins 11 parallel to the rotor shaft 8 inserted and attached to the outer periphery of 9.
The hammer 4 is made of special wear-resistant cast steel and has a long life.
[0015]
Both grinding plates 6 are arranged so as to wrap around about a quarter of the circumference of the rotor 5, have an arc shape when viewed from the front, and end portions of the support shaft 12 parallel to the rotor shaft 8 pivotally attached to the upper end portion are connected to the casing 3. The whole is provided so as to be able to approach and move away from the rotor 5 by being fitted into horizontally long slots 13 provided on the front and rear side walls of the rotor, and swings about the support shaft 12 with the lower end portion being the rotor. 5, a grinding plate liner 14 made of a special wear-resistant cast steel having a chevron shape that is effective for grinding and impact is attached to a concave curved surface facing the rotor 5, and is provided between the rotor 5 and the rotor 5. The crushing chamber is formed.
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 2 (only one end is shown in FIG. 2), both ends of the support shaft 12 protruding from the casing 3 can slide on horizontal guide rails 15 provided on the front and rear sides of the casing 3. The bearing stand 16 is supported horizontally by the front and rear of the casing 3, and is synchronized with the front and rear in order to bring the entire grinding plate 6 close to and away from the rotor 5 (horizontal movement distance of about 180 mm). Thus, the piston rod 17a of the upper gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder 17 that is operated in this manner is appropriately connected. The upper gap between the upper side of the grinding plate liner 14 and the rotation trajectory of the hammer head 4b of the hammer 4 is, for example, from a narrow gap of about 10 to 50 mm by the operation of the upper gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder 17. It can be set in a wide range up to a wide gap of about 100 to 200 mm.
On the other hand, a screw rod 18 is horizontally implanted in the bearing stand 16 so as to face the piston rod 17 a of the upper gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder 17, and a stopper plate 19 attached to the outside of the casing 3. The double nut 21 that is inserted into the through-hole 20 and screwed into the screw rod 18 between the bearing base 16 and the stopper plate 19 is brought into contact with the stopper plate 19, whereby the piston of the upper gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder 17. The rod end 17a is provided so as to restrict the stroke end when the rod 17a is extended. The screw rod 18, the stopper plate 19 and the double nut 21 are arranged so that the upper side of the grinding plate liner 14 and the hammer 4 do not come into contact with each other. Also, it functions as a cylinder operation control means for mechanically controlling the operation of the upper gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder 17.
On the bearing stand 16, a detection body 22 having an inclined surface 22 a that is appropriately inclined in the moving direction of the support shaft 12 (left and right direction in FIG. 2) is attached. The attached sensor bracket 23 detects the size of the gap with the inclined surface 22a of the detection body 22, and determines the movement distance of the support shaft 12, that is, the movement distance of the piston rod 17a of the upper gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder 17. A displacement sensor 25 as the first rod moving distance measuring means 24 to be measured is attached to the inclined surface 22a of the detection body 22 so as to be appropriately separated from and opposed to the inclined surface 22a.
[0017]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the lower ends of both grinding plates 6 are pivotally supported on the left and right outer sides of the casing 3 via brackets 26 and pins 27, respectively. It is connected via a connecting pin 29 to one piston rod 28a of a double rod type lower gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder 28 which is operated to approach and separate from the rotor 5 (horizontal movement distance of about 300 mm). The lower gap between the lower side of the liner 14 and the rotation trajectory of the hammer head 4b of the hammer 4 is, for example, from a narrow gap of about 10 to 50 mm to about 200 to 300 mm by the operation of the lower gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder 28. It can be set up to a wide gap.
The other piston rod 28b of the lower gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder 28 has a detecting body 30 having an inclined surface 30a that is appropriately inclined in the moving direction of the piston rod 28b (the left-right direction in FIGS. 1 and 3). On the other hand, the cylinder body 28c of the lower gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder 28 detects the size of the gap with the inclined surface 30a of the detection body 30 and measures the movement distance of the other piston rod 28b. A displacement sensor 32 as a two-rod moving distance measuring means 31 is attached to the inclined surface 30a of the detection body 30 through a mounting bracket 33 so as to be appropriately separated and opposed.
[0018]
On the other hand, in the operation panel (not shown) for operating the rotor 5, the upper gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder 17, and the lower gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder 28, the data of the first and second rod moving distance measuring means 24, 31 are provided. Is provided with calculation / display means for approximately calculating and displaying the size of the lower side gap between the upper side and / or the lower side.
In addition, when either the lower gap or the upper gap is a narrow gap and the other is a wide gap, one of the narrow gaps is further narrowed, and the grinding plate In order to prevent the hammer head 4b of the liner 14 from coming into contact, cylinder operation control means for electrically controlling the operation of the upper and lower gap adjusting hydraulic cylinders 17 and 28 is provided.
[0019]
In the above-described impact pulverizer, in order to pulverize a hard material that is hard and difficult to pulverize to a required particle size or less, first, the front and rear upper gap adjusting moving hydraulic cylinders 17 on both sides are viewed while looking at the calculation / display means. Operate synchronously to adjust the upper gap according to the particle size of the raw material to be crushed, and operate the lower gap adjusting hydraulic cylinders 28 on both sides to adjust the lower gap to correspond to the desired particle size of the pulverized product. and to position the grinding砕板6 as shown in the left side in FIG. 1.
Next, when the rotor 5 is rotated in one direction at a required number of rotations by the operation of the rotation drive device, and the raw material to be crushed is input from the inlet 1, the raw material to be crushed is a large number of hammers attached to the outer periphery of the rotor 5. 4 and the repulsive impact of the grinding plate 6 on the grinding plate liner 14 are repeatedly crushed between the hammer 4 and the grinding plate 6 and effectively crushed by the impact action to form a crushed product. Gravity falls and is discharged from the discharge port 2.
When the grinding head liner 1 of the hammer head 4b of the hammer 4 or the grinding plate liner 14 of the one grinding plate 6 is worn due to the grinding of the raw material to be crushed, the rotational direction of the rotor 5 is reversely rotated to reverse the grinding surface. Use alternately.
[0020]
On the other hand, the pulverization conditions are changed so that the raw material to be pulverized is changed from a hard and difficult to pulverize to the same kind that is weak and easy to pulverize, and the machine is pulverized as much as possible (without excessive pulverization). In the case of a change, first, while looking at the calculation / display means, the upper and lower upper gap adjusting hydraulic cylinders 17 on both sides are operated synchronously so that the upper side of both grinding plates 6 is located farthest from the rotor 5, that is, The upper gap is moved so as to become the maximum value, and the lower gap adjusting hydraulic cylinders 28 on both sides are operated so that the lower side of both grinding plates 6 is located farthest from the rotor 5, that is, the lower side. The gap is moved to the maximum value, and the grinding plate 6 is positioned as shown on the right side in FIG.
Next, the rotor 5 is driven in one direction at a required rotational speed by the operation of the rotary drive device, that is, at a rotational speed that does not overgrind the pulverized raw material that does not require treatment and does not hinder the flow of the hammer 4. Rotating, the pulverized raw material is charged from the charging port 1 and passed through the impact pulverizer by gravity drop.
[0021]
In the above-described embodiment, the rotor 5 is a reversible rotary type. However, the rotor 5 is not limited to this, and may be a one-way rotary type.
The rod moving distance measuring means is not limited to the displacement sensor, and a synchro transmitter, a laser sensor, a magnetic scale, an optical scale, or the like may be used.
Furthermore, the cylinder operation control means is not limited to by an electrical signal may be used in combination mechanical ones.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the first impact type pulverizer of the present invention, the maximum value of the upper gap can be made substantially equal to the maximum value of the lower gap by the operation of the upper gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder. Therefore, frequent changes in the pulverization conditions can be easily made.
According to the second impact type pulverizer, the calculation and display of the upper side and lower side gaps are automatically performed in addition to the operational effects of the first one, so that the gap adjustment is performed according to the properties of the pulverized raw material. easy and can be performed in a short time.
Further, according to the third impact type pulverizer, the contact between the grinding plate and the hammer of the rotor is prevented in addition to the effects of the first or second one, so that the machine is not damaged. You can drive safely.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view showing an example of an embodiment of an impact pulverizer according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of a main part of the impact type pulverizer of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a front view of another main part of the impact pulverizer of FIG. 1;
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Input port 2 Discharge port 3 Casing 4 Hammer 4a Hammer arm 4b Hammer head 5 Rotor 6 Grinding plate 8 Rotor shaft 9 Rotor plate 10 Head pin 11 Arm pin 12 Support shaft 13 Long hole 14 Grind plate liner 16 Bearing stand 17 Upper gap adjustment Hydraulic cylinder 22 detector 22a inclined surface 24 first rod moving distance measuring means 25 displacement sensor 27 pin 28 lower gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder 28a piston rod 28b piston rod 29 connecting pin 30 detector 30a inclined surface 31 second rod moving distance Measuring means 32 Displacement sensor

Claims (3)

A box-shaped casing with an inlet at the top and a discharge outlet at the bottom, a rotor horizontally mounted in the casing and hinged with a number of hammers on the outer periphery, and arranged on the side of the rotor, The upper end portion is pivotally attached to the casing via a parallel support shaft, and the lower end portion is provided so as to be close to and away from the rotor via a lower gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder attached to the outside of the casing. In an impact pulverizer having a grinding plate curved with a concave surface facing, the maximum value of the upper gap between the rotor hammer and the upper side of the grinding plate is determined by the rotor hammer and grinding. Provided so that both ends of the support shaft can move in the horizontal direction via the upper gap adjustment hydraulic cylinder attached to the outside of the casing so that it can be almost equal to the maximum value of the lower gap between the lower side of the plate Shock characterized by Milling machine. First rod moving distance measuring means for measuring the moving distance of the piston rod of the upper gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder is provided, and second rod moving distance measuring means for measuring the moving distance of the piston rod of the lower gap adjusting hydraulic cylinder is provided. 2. An operation / display means for providing an approximate calculation of the size of the upper gap and / or the lower gap from the data of both rod moving distance measuring means and displaying the size. Impact crusher. 3. The impact type crusher according to claim 1, further comprising cylinder operation control means for controlling the operation of the upper and lower gap adjusting hydraulic cylinders so that the grinding plate and the rotor hammer do not contact with each other. .

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