JP3836471B2 - Inclinometer and ground displacement measuring device using tilt meter - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an inclination measuring instrument used mainly for measuring the displacement of the ground and a ground displacement measuring apparatus using the inclination measuring instrument.

(Overview of conventional technology)
Conventionally, as a measurement method for performing so-called two-dimensional inclination measurement, a method using a leaf spring or a differential transformer is generally known (conventional inclinometer).

As a technique for measuring the three-dimensional displacement in the ground, a multipoint three-component rock displacement type (Tribec) and a ground displacement measuring device (Japanese Patent No. 3300888) are known.

Japanese Patent No. 3435630 discloses a technique for measuring the behavior of the tip of a cone mirror that moves following the behavior of a guide tube installed in the ground.

And there are those that measure the tilt angle and those that incorporate a considerable number of clinometers (Patent No. 3435630), and the direction of expansion and contraction is measured by photographing the guide tube connection with a camera. It is measured (Japanese Patent No. 3300888, Japanese Patent No. 3435630).

Further, as a means for determining the camera shooting direction in the ground of the borehole camera, there is a built-in magnetic needle compass (see Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 01-210594), and a ball as described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 01-146394. There is also a type in which a ring member that is stored freely is attached and the direction is measured.

Here, the measuring method using the above-described two-dimensional inclinometer is compatible with vertical or horizontal boring, and the normal effective measuring boring tilt angle is about ± 10 °, and cannot flexibly cope with an arbitrary direction.

As for the three-dimensional tribec, displacement in three directions can be measured, but only vertical boring is applied, and the measurement depth is up to 100 m, and a large bore boring hole with a hole diameter of 126 mm is required.

Furthermore, although it can correspond to a boring hole in any direction, the measurement of the inclination angle is a relative inclination angle, and the absolute angle at an arbitrary position is calculated by accumulating the relative angle, so that a measurement error is propagated. There was a problem.

Moreover, the magnetic needle compass with a built-in borehole camera can only measure the direction, and there is a problem that the tilt angle cannot be calculated.
Japanese Patent No. 3300888 Japanese Patent No. 3435630 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 01-210594

Thus, the present invention was devised to cope with the above-mentioned conventional problems. For example, the three-dimensional displacement of the ground can be obtained with one borehole, and the relative angle which is a disadvantage of the conventional ground displacement measuring device is obtained. Inclinometer and tilt that can measure absolute tilt angle at any depth, not three-dimensional measurement, can measure three-dimensional displacement in the ground without propagating measurement errors, and can be relatively simple in structure and inexpensive to manufacture An object of the present invention is to provide a ground displacement measuring device using a measuring meter.

The ground displacement measuring device using the inclination measuring instrument and the inclination measuring instrument according to the present invention,

An imaging member installed above the probe;
An inclination recognition member provided below the imaging member,
An inclination measuring instrument that images an inclination state of an inclination recognition member by the imaging member and measures an inclination angle from the captured image,
The inclination recognition member is
A measuring container in which a sphere is rotatable, a plurality of inclination recognition markers provided on the surface of the sphere, and a horizontal rotation restricting member that restricts horizontal rotation of the sphere and controls it in a constant direction at all times. A vertical rotation restricting member that restricts the vertical rotation of the sphere and always controls it in the vertical direction,
Capturing the movement of the plurality of tilt recognition markers with the imaging member, measuring the tilt angle from the captured image,
Or
The horizontal time DoTadashi system member is formed by a permanent magnet, said vertical rotation restricting member is formed by housing the fixed weight inside the sphere, characterized in that,
Or
A guide pipe accommodated in an excavation hole excavated in the ground, and an inclination measuring meter according to claim 1 or 2, which is accommodated movably in the guide pipe and measures an inclination angle of the guide pipe. ,
It is characterized by being configured with,
Or
The inclination measuring meter has a truncated cone shape between the imaging member and the inclination recognizing member, and a through-hole is provided in the central axial direction, and the cone mirror is formed as a reflecting mirror. Is placed,
It is possible to image the pipe extension marker provided in the longitudinal direction of the inner wall of the guide pipe by the reflection mirror, and it is possible to image the inclination recognition marker of the inclination recognition member through the through hole.
It is characterized by
Or
A fisheye lens is attached to the imaging member, and the tilt recognition marker and the pipe extension recognition marker can be imaged.
It is characterized by
Or
The inclination recognition marker and the pipe extension recognition marker are formed of different color marks.
It is characterized by
Or
The inclination recognition marker and the pipe extension recognition marker are formed by marks having different outer shapes,
It is characterized by this.

In the ground displacement measuring device using the inclination measuring device and the inclination measuring device according to the present invention, for example, a three-dimensional displacement of the ground can be obtained with one boring hole, and relative to the conventional ground displacement measuring device is a disadvantage. It is not an angle measurement, it can measure an absolute tilt angle at an arbitrary depth, it can measure a three-dimensional displacement in the ground without propagating measurement errors, and it has a relatively simple structure and can reduce manufacturing costs. Has an effect.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of an inclination measuring instrument 1 according to the present invention.

In the tilt measuring instrument 1, a CCD camera 3 is disposed at an upper position in the probe 2 having a substantially cylindrical shape, and a tilt recognition member 4 is disposed on the lower side thereof.

The inclination recognition member 4 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and is configured such that a rotatable inclination recognition sphere 6 is sealed inside a container body 5 made of a transparent member. Reference numeral 7 denotes a lubricating liquid composed of light oil or the like, which is injected between the outer peripheral side of the inclination recognition sphere 6 and the container body 5 to smoothly rotate the inclination recognition sphere 6 freely within the container body 5. It is supposed to be. Thus, the measurement container 8 is configured as described above.

Next, as can be understood from FIG. 6, the inclination recognition sphere 6 has a horizontal rotation restricting member 9 that restricts the horizontal rotation of the inclination recognition sphere 6 and controls the inclination recognition sphere 6 so that it always faces in a certain direction. Further, a vertical rotation restricting member 10 that restricts the rotation of the tilt recognition sphere 6 in the vertical direction and controls the tilt recognition sphere 6 so as to always face in the vertical direction is provided.
Therefore, the inclination recognition sphere 6 is always directed in the same direction in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, regardless of where it is installed.

Here, the horizontal rotation restricting member 9 and the vertical rotation restricting member 10 are not limited in their constituent members, but the horizontal rotation restricting member 9 is constituted by a rod-like permanent magnet as shown in FIG. Alternatively, the vertical restricting rotation member 10 can be configured by, for example, fixing a spherical weight to the lower side inside the inclination recognition sphere 6 and attaching it.

A plurality of inclination recognition markers 11 are provided on the surface of the inclination recognition sphere 6 as can be understood from FIG.

The inclination recognition marker 11 in the present embodiment is formed as a mark of different colors.

That is, in a state where the rotation of the tilt recognition sphere 6 in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction is restricted, for example, a red score is provided at the upper center position, and a black score from the left in FIG. It is formed as a black score and a blue score, with a predetermined interval on the lower side from the left, a blue score, a green score, and a black score, and further on the lower side with a predetermined interval from the left A blue score, a black score, and a black score are provided, and a pink score is provided at the lower center position.

Note that the tilt recognition marker 11 is configured not only with different color scores as described above, but also with a CCD camera 3 such as one with a different shape or one with different numbers or letters. Any configuration can be used as long as the difference can be recognized.

By the way, as shown in FIG. 1, a so-called hollow cone mirror 13 is provided between the CCD camera 3 and the tilt recognition sphere 6 and is formed in a truncated cone shape and has a through hole 12 in the central axis direction. It has been.

The conical surface of the hollow cone mirror 13 is configured as a reflecting mirror, and the extension degree of the guide pipe 15 can be measured through an observation window 14 formed of a member made of a transparent color, for example.

Further, each score on the inclination recognition sphere 6 can be measured through the through-hole 12.

4 and 5 show the measurement state. The center circle is a score on the tilt recognition sphere 6 imaged by the CCD camera 3 through the through-hole 12, that is, the tilt recognition marker 11, and the score imaged radially in the outer four directions is the inner wall of the guide pipe 15 or the like. These are pipe extension recognition markers 16 provided at four places on the peripheral surface of the pipe.

In FIG. 2, a fish-eye lens 17 that can be recognized at a wide angle is attached to the tip of the CCD camera 3, so that the tilt recognition marker 11 on the tilt recognition sphere 6 is not required without using the hollow cone mirror 13. And the movement of the pipe extension marker 16 on the inner wall of the guide pipe 15 can be measured.

In the above, for example, when measuring the displacement of the ground, the bore hole 18 is drilled at that location, and the guide pipe 15 is inserted into the bore hole 18.

Here, the configuration of the guide pipe 15 is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, and is configured by connecting a plurality of cylindrical pipes in the longitudinal direction. And about the joining, it connects using the pipe 19 for a connection.

As can be understood from FIGS. 1 and 2, fin-like water-stopping members 20 made of flexible members such as butyl rubber made of synthetic resin are attached to both ends of the connecting pipe 19. The water-stopping property between the guide pipe 15 and the connecting pipe 19 is maintained.

Here, the adjacent guide pipes 15, 15 are connected to the connecting pipe 19. As understood from the drawing, a metal screw is provided at the joint between the guide pipe 15 on one side and the connecting pipe 19. It is completely fixed by the member 21 or the like, and the joint portion between the guide pipe 15 on the other side and the connecting pipe 19 is temporarily fixed by a plastic rivet 22 or the like.

Therefore, when the guide pipe 15 expands and contracts due to the displacement of the ground, the plastic rivet 22 is easily sheared so that the connection of the portion is shifted and released.

An expansion / contraction measurement plate 23 is fixed to an inner portion of the one side guide pipe 15. That is, the one-side guide pipe 15 and the expansion / contraction measurement plate 23 are fixed by the plate fixing screws 24 and 24 at two joint portions thereof, and the joint portion between the other-side guide pipe 15 and the expansion / contraction measurement plate 23 is not connected. It is as a state.

Further, at least one pipe extension recognition marker 16 having the above-mentioned score shape is provided on the inner portion of the expansion / contraction measurement plate 23, and the pipe extension having the above-mentioned score shape is provided on the inner wall portion of the guide pipe 15 in the vicinity thereof. A plurality of recognition markers 16 are provided at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction.

Here, the inclination measuring meter 1 is lowered to the most distal side of the guide pipe 15, that is, the innermost part. And the inclination at that time is confirmed.

The inclination angle can be easily recognized by measuring the movement distance of the inclination confirmation marker 11.

The recognition method will be described with reference to FIGS. As understood from FIGS. 4 and 5, when there is an inclination, the inclination recognition marker 11 captured by the CCD camera 3 moves.

Here, as information obtained from the image, movement in the X and Y directions can be recognized as a pixel amount.

The moving pixel amount in the X direction = δX, and the moving pixel amount in the Y direction = δY.

Then, by pre-calibration, the number of tilt angles corresponding to one pixel is obtained as a conversion coefficient = α.
Then, θx = α × δX θy = α × δY
Calculate the tilt angle.

For example, when measuring the entire inclination of the guide pipe 15, for example, the accumulated displacement can be calculated by measuring the inclination angle at a pitch of 50 centimeters and multiplying the distance.
Further, the above-described expansion / contraction measurement plate 23 is attached at four positions in the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the guide pipe 15 at a predetermined interval, and at which of the four positions the guide pipe 15 is extended is shown in FIGS. It can be recognized by a change in the length between the pipe extension recognition markers 16 and 16 shown in FIG.

By the way, the inclination recognition sphere 6 of the present invention is provided with an inclination recognition marker 11 on the outer peripheral surface of the lower hemisphere.

In order to measure the displacement of the ground, not only the inclination measuring instrument 1 is inserted from the top to the bottom, but also, for example, it is inserted upward into a boring hole provided on the upper surface of the inner wall of the tunnel, and the displacement of the ground is measured. This is in consideration of measurement.

Thus, with the tilt measuring instrument 1 according to the present invention, whether the boring hole is excavated downward, or excavated upward, or further laterally excavated, It can be inserted into the borehole to measure the inclination angle such as ground displacement all around.
As described above, in the present invention, in order to obtain the inclination information of the three-dimensional displacement using the borehole, only the detection of the relative angle can be measured as in the conventional ground displacement measuring device, and the absolute information at an arbitrary depth can be obtained. The inclination angle can be obtained.

That is, a so-called magnetic needle ball type inclinometer configured as a tilt recognition sphere 6 is integrated and installed on the tip side of the CCD camera 3, and the tilt recognition marker 11 is formed on the surface of the tilt recognition sphere 6 at a 45 ° pitch, for example. Give a different color rating.

Then, the direction is determined so as to be directed in a certain horizontal direction by a permanent magnet which is a horizontal rotation restricting member 9 set inside the sphere. In addition, the direction is determined by the vertical rotation restricting member 10 such as a weight so as to be directed in the vertical direction.

Then, since the inclination recognition sphere 6 has an inclination and the score of the surface seems to move, the angle is calculated from the movement amount.

This calculation is automatically performed by the computer 25 connected to the CCD camera 3 based on the above formula.

If the tilt angle exceeds 45 °, the score initially seen at the end of the imaging screen of the CCD camera 3 moves near the center, so the angle is corrected from the position information of other different scores that are colored. And measure it.

For example, a conventional system (relative tilt angle measuring device) described in Japanese Patent No. 3200888 can be used as a combined system by attaching the tilt meter according to the present invention as a detachable option.

It is a structure explanatory view explaining a schematic structure of a ground displacement measuring device according to the present invention.

It is a structure explanatory drawing explaining the schematic structure of the ground displacement measuring apparatus by another Example.

It is a structure explanatory drawing explaining the structure of an inclination recognition sphere.

It is explanatory drawing (the 1) explaining the imaging screen in a CCD camera.

It is explanatory drawing (the 2) explaining the imaging screen with a CCD camera.

It is explanatory drawing explaining the structure of the inclination recognition member by this invention.

It is explanatory drawing explaining the state which measures inclination-angle (theta) with the movement distance of inclination recognition marker.

It is explanatory drawing (the 1) explaining the use condition of the ground displacement measuring apparatus by this invention.

It is explanatory drawing (the 2) explaining the use condition of the ground displacement measuring apparatus by this invention.

It is explanatory drawing explaining the structure of a prior art example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Inclination meter 2 Probe 3 CCD camera 4 Inclination recognition member 5 Container body 6 Inclination recognition sphere 7 Lubrication liquid 8 Measuring container 9 Horizontal rotation restriction member 10 Vertical rotation restriction member 11 Inclination recognition marker 12 Through-hole 13 Hollow cone cone mirror 14 Transparent window 15 Guide pipe
16 Pipe extension recognition marker 17 Fisheye lens 18 Boring hole 19 Connection pipe 20 Water stop member 21 Screw member 22 Plastic rivet 23 Expansion / contraction measurement plate 24 Fixing screw 25 Computer

Claims (7)

An imaging member installed above the probe;
An inclination recognition member provided below the imaging member,
An inclination measuring instrument that images an inclination state of an inclination recognition member by the imaging member and measures an inclination angle from the captured image,
The inclination recognition member is
A measuring container in which a sphere is rotatable, a plurality of inclination recognition markers provided on the surface of the sphere, and a horizontal rotation restricting member that restricts horizontal rotation of the sphere and controls it in a constant direction at all times. A vertical rotation restricting member that restricts the vertical rotation of the sphere and always controls it in the vertical direction,
An inclination measuring meter, wherein the imaging member images the movement of the plurality of inclination recognition markers and measures an inclination angle from the captured image. The horizontal time DoTadashi system member is formed by a permanent magnet, said vertical rotation restricting member is formed by housing the fixed weight inside the sphere, tilt meter according to claim 1, wherein a. A guide pipe accommodated in an excavation hole excavated in the ground, and an inclination measuring meter according to claim 1 or 2, which is accommodated movably in the guide pipe and measures an inclination angle of the guide pipe. ,
A ground displacement measuring device comprising: a ground displacement measuring device. The inclination measuring meter has a truncated cone shape between the imaging member and the inclination recognizing member, and a through-hole is provided in the central axial direction, and the cone mirror is formed as a reflecting mirror. Is placed,
It is possible to image the pipe extension marker provided in the longitudinal direction of the inner wall of the guide pipe by the reflection mirror, and it is possible to image the inclination recognition marker of the inclination recognition member through the through hole.
A ground displacement measuring device using the inclination measuring meter according to claim 3. A fisheye lens is attached to the imaging member, and the tilt recognition marker and the pipe extension recognition marker can be imaged.
A ground displacement measuring device using the inclination measuring meter according to claim 3. The inclination recognition marker and the pipe extension recognition marker are formed of different color marks.
The ground displacement measuring device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that. The inclination recognition marker and the pipe extension recognition marker are formed by marks having different outer shapes,
The ground displacement measuring device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that.

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