JP3833790B2 - Stereomicroscope optical path switching device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an optical path switching device for a stereomicroscope.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, regarding a light path switching device of a stereomicroscope, a technique (conventional technique 1) described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-39773 has been disclosed as a “binocular microscope”. The prior art 1 will be described with reference to FIG. This binocular microscope includes a main objective lens 101 and variable-magnification twin optical systems 102 and 103; 102 ′ and 103 ′ arranged so as to perform binocular observation through the main objective lens 101. Above the twin optical systems 102, 103; 102 ', 103', erecting prisms 104, 104 'and an eyepiece 106 are arranged. When the optical axis A1-A1 of the main objective lens 101 is at an intermediate position between the optical axes A2-A2, A3-A3 of the twin optical systems 102, 103; 102 ', 103', a decentered optical system optical path is formed. ing. When the optical axis A1-A1 of the main objective lens 101 moves so as to coincide with the optical axes A2-A2 of the twin optical systems 102 and 103, a coaxial optical system optical path is formed. That is, the main objective lens 101 includes a device that can move in a plane perpendicular to the optical axes A2-A2 of the twin optical systems 102 and 103. An object plane 105 is disposed below the main objective lens 101. The coaxial optical system optical path has less aberration than the decentered optical system optical path and is excellent for photography and measurement.
[0003]
Further, as a “microscope having a binocular tube”, a technique (conventional technique 2) described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-63816 is disclosed. This prior art 2 is demonstrated using FIG. 11 (a), (b). In the microscope having the binocular tube, the optical system and the object plane 105 above the variable magnification twin optical systems 102, 103; 102 ', 103' are the same as those in the prior art 1, and therefore only different parts are shown. The same reference numerals are given to the members, and description thereof is omitted. The decentering optical system device 107 and the coaxial optical system device 108 are integrally formed, and are disposed below the twin optical systems 102, 103; 102 ', 103'. The decentered optical system device 107 and the coaxial optical system device 108 can be shifted in a plane perpendicular to or inclined with respect to the optical axes A3-A3 of the twin optical systems 102 ′ and 103 ′. A main objective lens 101 is built in the decentration optical system device 107. As shown in FIG. 11A, the optical axes A1-A1 of the main objective lens 101 are twin optical systems 102, 103; 102 ', 103. When it is at a position intermediate between the optical axes A2-A2 and A3-A3, a decentered optical system optical path is formed. Further, the coaxial optical system device 108 incorporates an optical prism 109 and a coaxial optical system objective lens 110, and as shown in FIG. 11B, the optical axis of the coaxial optical system objective lens 110. When B1-B1 coincides with the optical axes A3-A3 of the twin optical systems 102 ', 103', a coaxial optical system optical path is formed.
[0004]
Furthermore, as a “microscope having a binocular tube”, a technique (prior art 3) described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-112116 is disclosed. This prior art 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 (a) and 12 (b). In the microscope having this binocular tube, the main objective lens 101 is not displaced, and the entire optical system above the variable magnification twin optical systems 102, 103; 102 ', 103' is built in the twin optical system holding unit 111, The twin optical system holding unit 111 is displaced with respect to the main objective lens 101. Therefore, since members other than the twin optical system holding unit 111 are the same as those in the related art 1, the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. A guide that can be shifted in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis A1-A1 of the main objective lens 101 is formed between the main objective lens 101 and the twin optical system holding unit 111. As shown in FIG. 12A, the twin optical system holder 111 moves to the optical axis A1-A1 of the main objective lens 101, and the optical axes A2-A2 of the twin optical systems 102, 103; 102 ′, 103 ′. When the midpoint position of the distances A3-A3 matches, a decentered optical system optical path is formed. As shown in FIG. 12B, when the optical axes A3-A3 of the twin optical systems 102 'and 103' are aligned with the optical axis A1-A1 of the main objective lens 101, the optical path of the coaxial optical system is changed. It is to form.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above prior art has the following problems. That is, in the prior art 1, since there is no mechanism for fixing the objective lens to the optical path of the coaxial optical system that is advantageous for photography and measurement, there is a limit to the resolution and measurement accuracy of the photograph . Further, in the prior art 2 , when an image observed on the optical path of the decentration optical system is photographed or measured as it is, the resolution and measurement accuracy of the photo are lowered due to aberrations peculiar to the decentering optical system. If an observation image is taken with a coaxial optical path free from the influence of aberration, the objective lens must be replaced or a plurality of the same objective lenses must be prepared . Furthermore, in the prior art 3 , since there is no objective lens conversion mechanism, only photographing or measurement within the zoom magnification can be performed.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, an object of the invention according to claim 1 or 2 in a simple structure, the optical path of the stereomicroscope capable of improving the resolution and measurement accuracy photography It is to provide a switching device.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the invention according to claim 1 or 2 has a left and right observation optical axis, the optical path switching device stereomicroscope switching the plurality of objective lenses, from the left and right of the observation optical axis It has a rotation axis that is equidistant and parallel to each optical axis, and by rotating with respect to the rotation axis, any one objective lens can be placed in the optical path of the decentered optical system that is an intermediate position between the left and right observation optical axes. an objective lens switching means for, by the objective lens switching means, as the center of rotation of said rotary shaft, straight line connecting the optical axis center of said objective lens of said rotary shaft, the position of the eccentric optical system optical path A coaxial optical system optical path is formed by rotating so as to substantially match the center position of one of the left and right observation optical axes.
[0008]
In the operation of the invention according to claim 1 or 2, the objective lens switching means causes any one objective lens to be a decentered optical system optical path that is an intermediate position between the left and right observation optical axes, and the objective lens moving means The optical path is rotated from the position of the decentered optical system optical path so as to substantially coincide with the center position of one of the left and right observation optical axes. Accordingly, the objective lens is stopped and fixed at the switching position in both the decentered optical system optical path and the coaxial optical system optical path. The effect of the invention according to claim 2, in addition to the above action, the objective lens switching means and said objective lens moving means, the click mechanism, the positioning and location of the eccentric optical system optical path, the position of the coaxial optical system optical path Therefore, the stop and fixing at the switching position of the optical path are performed quickly.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the embodiment of the present invention, a click mechanism using a combination of a ball and a V-groove is used for stopping and fixing the objective lens at the switching position between the decentered optical system optical path and the coaxial optical system optical path. However, the stopping and fixing means is not limited to this click mechanism, and may be a mechanism similar to this, for example, a mechanism for fitting a conical rod member into the square groove. Hereinafter, specific embodiments will be described.
[0010]
(Embodiment 1)
1 to 4 show the first embodiment, FIG. 1 is a front view of a stereomicroscope, FIG. 2 is a side view of the stereomicroscope, and FIG. 3 is a bottom view of a rotary optical path switching device showing a state of an optical path of an eccentric optical system. FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the rotary optical path switching device showing the state of the coaxial optical system optical path.
[0011]
First, the optical system of the stereomicroscope will be described. In FIG. 1, a variable magnification twin optical system comprising lenses 2, 3 and 2 ', 3' is arranged above the objective lens 1, respectively. These twin optical systems geometrically distribute light rays incident through the objective lens 1 and form both light beams on intermediate image planes (not shown) via erecting prisms 4 and 4 '. . Since the erecting prisms 4, 4 ′ are provided, a monocular image that is not inverted either horizontally or vertically of the object to be observed lying on the object plane 6 is created. The optical axis A1-A1 of the objective lens 1 is located at the midpoint of the distance between the optical axes A2-A2 of the lenses 2 and 3 and the optical axes A3-A3 of the lenses 2 'and 3', and forms a decentered optical system optical path. is doing. The eyepieces 7 and 7 'are useful for viewing a monocular image projected on an intermediate image plane (not shown).
[0012]
The position of the objective lens 1 is displaced as follows by a rotary optical path switching device described later. The optical axis A1-A1 of the objective lens 1 is made to coincide with the optical axis A2-A2 of the lenses 2, 3 as one of the optical axes of the twin optical system. When the objective lens 1 is moved to the position (1a) indicated by the chain line in FIG. 1, the central ray that passes through the objective lens 1 and is incident from the object plane 6, that is, the principal ray, is the lens 2, 3. The light beam travels further vertically through the center of the lens, so that the optical axes of the lenses 1, 2, and 3 coincide with each other to form a coaxial optical system optical path.
[0013]
Next, the configuration of the stereomicroscope will be described. 1 and 2, a guide 13 is erected on a base 18, and a focusing unit 17 is attached to the guide 13. A mirror body 14 is mounted on the focusing unit 17 so as to be movable up and down. The mirror body 14 is equipped with a focusing handle 16, and by rotating the mirror body 14, the mirror body 14 is driven up and down to perform a focusing operation. Further, the mirror body 14 is equipped with a zooming handle 15, and by rotating this, the lenses 2, 3 and 2 ', 3' built in the mirror body 14 are moved up and down to perform zooming operation. It can be performed. On the upper surface of the mirror body 14, a binocular tube 12 with a built-in eyepiece 7, 7 'is mounted.
[0014]
A rotary optical path switching device is mounted on the lower surface of the mirror body 14. This rotary optical path switching device will be described. The rotary optical path switching device has a fixing portion 19, and this fixing portion 19 is fixed to the lower surface of the mirror body 14. The rotating unit 20 is supported on the lower surface of the fixed unit 19 by a rotating shaft 21 and rotates around the rotating shaft 21 as a rotation center. As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, objective mounting screws 27 and 27 </ b> A for screwing the objectives 22 and 22 ′ including the objective lenses 1 and 1 ′ are screwed into the rotating unit 20. A plate spring 23 is attached to the right end of the fixed portion 19, and a click ball 24 is rotatably held at the tip of the plate spring 23. On the other hand, V-shaped click grooves 25, 25 A, 26, and 26 A are formed on both left and right end surfaces of the rotating unit 20. The rotation direction stop position of the rotation unit 20 is determined by the position where the click ball 24 and one of the click grooves 25, 25A, 26, and 26A are fitted. The leaf spring 23, the click ball 24, and the click grooves 25, 25A, 26, 26A constitute a click mechanism.
[0015]
Next, an optical path switching method using the rotary optical path switching device will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, when the rotating unit 20 is rotated and the click ball 24 is inserted into the click groove 25, the center 28 of the objective mounting screw 27 (optical axis A <b> 1-A <b> 1 of the objective lens 1) is twin optical. It is located at the midpoint of the distance between the two optical axes 29 (the optical axes A2-A2 of the lenses 2 and 3) and 29A (the optical axes A3-A3 of the lenses 2 'and 3') to form a decentered optical system optical path. To do.
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 4, when the rotating unit 20 is slightly rotated in the direction of the arrow θ, the click ball 24 is fitted into the click groove 26 and the center 28 of the objective mounting screw 27 (the optical axis A1- of the objective lens 1). A1) stops at a position closest to one optical axis 29 of the twin optical system (optical axes A2-A2 of the lenses 2 and 3), and apparently forms a coaxial optical system optical path. Similarly, when the click ball 24 is inserted into the click grooves 25A and 26A, the center 28A of the objective mounting screw 27A (the optical axis A1-A1 of the objective lens 1 ′) is displaced, and the optical path of the decentered optical system and the coaxial optical system are respectively detected. A system optical path is formed. As described above, switching between the decentered optical system optical path and the coaxial optical system optical path can be easily performed. Further, since the two objectives 22 and 22 'are equipped, the zooming operation can be performed simultaneously.
[0017]
According to the present embodiment, since the click mechanism is provided in the rotary optical path switching device, the switching between the decentering optical system optical path and the coaxial optical system optical path can be performed rapidly and only by an operation of slightly rotating the objective lens. It can be done easily and its position is fixed. Thereby, the resolution and measurement accuracy of photography can be improved. In addition, since the two objective lenses can be switched, applications such as macro and micro observation, photography, and measurement can be quickly selected.
[0018]
Although the case where there are two objectives has been described in the present embodiment, the first embodiment can be applied even when there are three or more objectives.
[0019]
(Embodiment 2)
5 to 6 show the second embodiment, FIG. 5 is a top view of a rotary optical path switching device showing the state of the coaxial optical system optical path, and FIG. 6 is a rotary optical path switching showing the state of the coaxial optical system optical path. It is a bottom view of an apparatus. In the second embodiment, only a part of the rotary optical path switching device is different, and the main body of the stereomicroscope is the same as that in the first embodiment. Therefore, only the different parts are shown, and the drawings and explanations of the same parts are omitted.
[0020]
5 and 6, the fixed portion 30 of the rotary optical path switching device is fixed to the lower surface of the mirror body 14 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) of the stereomicroscope. A rotating part 31 is supported on the lower surface of the fixed part 30 by a rotating shaft 32 and rotates around the rotating shaft 32 as a rotation center. Objective rotation screws 27 and 27A for screwing the objectives 22 and 22 'incorporating the objective lenses 1 and 1' are screwed into the rotating portion 31. A click spring 33 is attached to the right end of the fixed portion 30. The click spring 33 holds a click ball 34 for positioning the decentered optical system optical path and a click ball 35 for positioning the coaxial optical system optical path so as to roll freely. Has been. On the other hand, V-shaped click grooves 36 and 36A are engraved on both left and right end surfaces of the rotating portion 31. The rotation direction stop position of the rotating part 31 is determined by the position where one of the click balls 34 and 35 and one of the click grooves 36 and 36A are fitted. The click spring 33, the click balls 34 and 35, and the click grooves 36 and 36A constitute a click mechanism.
[0021]
Next, an optical path switching method using the rotary optical path switching device will be described. When the rotation unit 31 is rotated and the click ball 34 is inserted into the click groove 36, the center 28 of the objective mounting screw 27 (the optical axis A1-A1 of the objective lens 1) is the two optical axes 29 of the twin optical system. It is located at the midpoint of the distance between (the optical axes A2-A2 of the lenses 2, 3) and 29A (the optical axes A3-A3 of the lenses 2 ', 3') to form a decentered optical system optical path (not shown).
[0022]
As shown in FIG. 6, when the rotating portion 31 is slightly rotated in the direction of the arrow θ, the click ball 35 is inserted into the click groove 36 and the center 28 of the objective mounting screw 27 (the optical axis A1- of the objective lens 1). A1) stops at a position closest to one optical axis 29 of the twin optical system (optical axes A2-A2 of the lenses 2 and 3), and apparently forms a coaxial optical system optical path. Similarly, when the click balls 34 and 35 are inserted into the click groove 36A, the center 28A of the objective mounting screw 27A (optical axis A1-A1 of the objective lens 1 ′) is displaced, and the optical path of the decentered optical system and the coaxial optical system are respectively detected. A system optical path is formed. As described above, switching between the decentered optical system optical path and the coaxial optical system optical path can be easily performed. Further, since the two objective lenses 1 and 1 'are provided, the zooming operation can be performed simultaneously.
[0023]
According to the present embodiment, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
[0024]
Also in this embodiment, the modification shown in Embodiment 1 can be applied as it is.
[0025]
( Reference example )
FIGS. 7 to 9 show reference examples , FIG. 7 is a front view of a stereomicroscope, FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a slide type optical path switching device showing the state of the decentered optical system optical path, and FIG. 9 is the state of the coaxial optical system optical path. It is a perspective view of a slide type optical path switching device showing. In this reference example , only the optical path switching device is different, and the main body of the stereomicroscope is the same as that of the first embodiment. Therefore, only the optical path switching device will be described, and the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.
[0026]
In FIG. 7, a slide type optical path switching device is mounted on the lower surface of the body 14 of the stereomicroscope. This slide type optical path switching device will be described. The slide type optical path switching device has a fixing portion 41, and this fixing portion 41 is fixed to the lower surface of the mirror body 14. As shown in FIG. 8, guide grooves 41a and 41b are recessed in the fixed portion 41 in the direction of the arrow X perpendicular to the optical axes A2-A2 and A3-A3 of the twin optical system. A switching portion 42 is fitted in the guide grooves 41a and 41b. Objective switching screws 50 and 52 for screwing the objectives 22 and 22 ′ including the objective lenses 1 and 1 ′ are screwed into the switching unit 42.
[0027]
A hole 43 is formed in the center of the guide groove 41a of the fixed portion 41 at a position corresponding to the midpoint of the distance between the optical axes A2-A2 and A3-A3 of the twin optical system. A click ball 45 is attached. The click ball 45 is mounted so as to be freely rollable and is urged by the switching portion 42 by the elastic force of the coil spring 44, but is held at a predetermined protruding height from the bottom surface of the guide groove 41a. . On the other hand, notches 46, 46A, 47, and 47A are carved at four positions on the side surface of the switching portion 42 fitted in the guide groove 41a. The notch 46 passes through the center 51 of the objective mounting screw 50 (the optical axis A1-A1 of the objective lens 1) and is cut at a position perpendicular to the direction of the arrow X. The notch 46A extends from the notch 46 to the twin. The optical system is engraved at a position close to the direction opposite to the arrow X by ½ of the distance between the optical axes A2-A2 and A3-A3 of the optical system. The notch 47 passes through the center 53 of the objective mounting screw 52 (the optical axis A1-A1 of the objective lens 1 ') and is cut at a position perpendicular to the direction of the arrow X. The notch 47A is notched 47A. To ½ of the distance between the optical axes A2-A2 and A3-A3 of the twin optical system. The coil spring 44, the click ball 45, and the notches 46, 46A, 47, 47A constitute a click mechanism.
[0028]
Next, an optical path switching method using the slide type optical path switching apparatus will be described. As shown in FIG. 8, the click ball 45 is fitted into the notch 46, and the switching portion 42 is positioned. At this time, the optical axis A1-A1 of the objective lens 1 is at the midpoint of the distance between the optical axes A2-A2 and A3-A3 of the twin optical system, and forms a decentered optical system optical path. As shown in FIG. 9, when the switching unit 42 is moved in the direction of the arrow X by a half of the distance between the optical axes A2-A2 and A3-A3 of the twin optical system, the click ball 45 is changed to a notch 46A. Inserted and positioned. At this time, the optical axis A1-A1 of the objective lens 1 coincides with one optical axis A2-A2 of the twin optical system to form a coaxial optical system optical path. Further, when the switching unit 42 is moved in the direction of the arrow X, the click ball 45 is inserted into the click groove 47A and positioned. At this time, the optical axis A1-A1 of the objective lens 1 'coincides with one optical axis A3-A3 of the twin optical system to form a coaxial optical system optical path. Furthermore, when the switching unit 42 is moved in the direction of the arrow X, the click ball 45 is inserted into the click groove 47 and positioned. At this time, the optical axis A1-A1 of the objective lens 1 'is at the midpoint of the distance between the optical axes A2-A2 and A3-A3 of the twin optical system, and forms a decentered optical system optical path. As described above, switching between the decentered optical system optical path and the coaxial optical system optical path can be easily performed. Further, since the two objective lenses 1 and 1 'are provided, the zooming operation can be performed simultaneously.
[0029]
According to this reference example , since the click mechanism is provided in the slide type optical path switching device, switching between the decentered optical system optical path and the coaxial optical system optical path can be performed quickly and easily by only a slight translation of the objective lens. And the position is fixed. Thereby, the resolution and measurement accuracy of photography can be improved. In addition, since the two objective lenses can be switched, applications such as macro and micro observation, photography, and measurement can be quickly selected.
[0030]
Also in this reference example , the modification shown in the first embodiment can be applied as it is.
[0031]
The technical idea of the following configuration is derived from the specific embodiment described above.
(Appendix)
(1) An optical path switching device of a stereomicroscope characterized by having a mechanism in which any one objective lens can be observed at at least two positions when switching.
Since the optical axis of the objective lens can be moved to at least two positions, if one position is located in the middle of the two optical axes of the twin optical system, it becomes an optical path of the decentered optical system, and the other position is two of the twin optical system. A coaxial optical system optical path can be obtained by matching with one of the optical axes. Thereby, the resolution and measurement accuracy of photography can be improved.
(2) An optical path of a stereomicroscope characterized by having a click mechanism that stops any one objective lens at a position for forming a decentered optical system optical path and a position for forming a coaxial optical system optical path at the time of switching. Switching device.
The click mechanism can quickly switch between the decentration optical system optical path and the coaxial optical system optical path, and can improve the resolution and measurement accuracy of photography.
(3) Rotation of a stereomicroscope characterized by having a click mechanism for stopping any one objective lens at a position where the decentered optical system optical path is formed and a position where the coaxial optical system optical path is formed at the time of switching Type optical path switching device.
In addition to the effect of (2), since the switching motion is a rotational motion, smooth switching is possible. In addition, the optical path switching device can be configured compactly.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
According to claim 1 or the invention according to 2, at a switching position in both the decentered optical system optical path coaxial with the optical system optical path, since the stop objective lens fixed, with a simple configuration, photography Resolution and measurement accuracy can be improved.
According to the second aspect of the invention, in addition to the above effect, the click mechanism quickly stops and fixes the optical path at the switching position. Therefore, the switching operation between the decentered optical system optical path and the coaxial optical system optical path is performed. It can be done easily.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a stereomicroscope according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the stereomicroscope according to the first embodiment.
3 is a bottom view of the rotary optical path switching device showing a state of an optical path of a decentered optical system according to Embodiment 1. FIG.
4 is a bottom view of a rotary optical path switching device showing a state of a coaxial optical system optical path according to Embodiment 1. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a top view of a rotary optical path switching device showing a state of a coaxial optical system optical path according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a bottom view of a rotary optical path switching device showing a state of a coaxial optical system optical path according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a front view of a stereomicroscope of a reference example .
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a slide type optical path switching device showing a state of a decentered optical system optical path of a reference example .
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a slide type optical path switching device showing a state of a coaxial optical system optical path of a reference example .
10 is a schematic configuration diagram of a binocular microscope according to prior art 1. FIG.
FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram of a microscope having a binocular tube according to prior art 2;
FIG. 12 is a schematic configuration diagram of a microscope having a binocular tube according to prior art 3;

Claims (2)

In a stereomicroscope optical path switching device that has left and right observation optical axes and switches a plurality of objective lenses,
It has a rotation axis that is equidistant from the left and right observation optical axes and is parallel to each optical axis. An objective lens switching means for making the optical path of the decentered optical system ,
Wherein the objective lens switching means, as the center of rotation of said rotary shaft, said connecting centers of rotation axis and the optical axis center of the objective lens straight line, wherein the observation optical axis one from the position of the left and right decentered optical system optical path optical path switching device stereomicroscope is rotated such that the center position substantially coincides, characterized in that the coaxial optical system optical path of. The objective switch換手stage, the click mechanism, the position of the eccentric optical system optical path, stereomicroscope optical path switching apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it is positioned at the position of the coaxial optical system optical path.

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