JP3831616B2 - Foreign matter discharge mechanism in uniaxial crusher - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a foreign matter discharge mechanism in a uniaxial crusher that crushes industrial waste or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A single-shaft crusher is known from various literatures, which presses and crushes waste introduced from a hopper with a pusher between crushing members consisting of a combination of a fixed blade and a rotating blade mounted on the outer periphery of a rotating rotor rotating on one shaft It is. As an example, a crusher suitable for processing bulky waste is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 5-13410. The uniaxial crusher according to this publication uses an opening between the end of the base plate and the side wall as a discharge port, a fixed blade is fixed to the end of the base plate, and a rotary blade attached to the rotary rotor is provided at the opening position. A pusher that slides on the plate presses the waste introduced from the upper hopper against the rotary blade, and the waste caught between the rotary blade and the fixed blade is sheared and crushed.
[0003]
A screen with a large number of small holes is provided below the rotary blade, and the crushed material crushed below the small holes of this screen falls and is discharged, and wastes larger than the small holes are lifted upward. Then, it moves to the fixed blade side and receives the crushing action again. The rotary blade is composed of a plurality of flat blades that are slightly inclined in the radial direction of the rotary rotor and slightly protrude from the recess of the mounting position, but there are many other types of rotary blades in the circumferential direction of the rotary rotor. It is known that a V-shaped groove is provided and a rectangular chip is provided as a rotary blade through an attachment member provided at an appropriate position of the V-shaped groove.
[0004]
In such a single-shaft crusher, when crushing waste, if the foreign matter such as iron blocks or rocks is mixed in the waste, the rotary blade or fixed blade is damaged, and the damaged rotary blade or fixed blade In this way, other rotary blades and fixed blades are damaged one after another. For this reason, as a countermeasure against foreign object breakage, it is detected that the current value of the drive motor has become excessive in response to an excessive load when foreign objects are caught, and the motor is stopped by this detection signal, and the rotating rotor is automatically stopped. In general, a method for preventing damage to the rotary blade from spreading is generally adopted.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, with the method of stopping the motor when crushing foreign matter as described above, even if an excessive load is detected and the motor is stopped, it takes time to stop, and it can cope with damage to the rotating blade and fixed blade that occurs instantaneously. First, when the motor is stopped, the first rotary blade or fixed blade is often damaged. In addition, when the rotary blade or the fixed blade is damaged due to the crushing of foreign matter, the only way to discharge the waste mixed with the foreign matter from the crusher is by hand. The uniaxial crusher can be restarted only after it is confirmed that the foreign matter has been completely removed and the rotating blades and fixed blades have been repaired and returned to the normal state after the motor is stopped.
[0006]
However, in addition to such a manual scraping method of foreign matter, there are currently no mechanical measures that facilitate foreign matter discharge, and it is necessary to stop the operation even though it is a continuous operation plant. There are many cases where it is not possible to obtain. Therefore, there is a demand for a measure for removing the caught foreign matter in as short a time as possible without much effort and restarting the crusher when the motor stops because the foreign matter has been caught.
[0007]
In consideration of the above problems, the present invention automatically detects that the rotating blade has caught a foreign object between it and the fixed blade, opens the discharge screen, and efficiently removes the foreign object in a short time without human intervention. It is an object of the present invention to provide a uniaxial crusher having a discharge mechanism that can be removed and discharged to the discharge side.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a means for solving the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a base plate below a hopper for charging waste, a fixed blade at the end of the base plate, and a plurality of rotary blades between the end of the base plate and the side wall. And a pusher pusher for pressing the waste against the rotary blade is provided on the base plate so as to be slidable forward and backward, and a discharge screen having a large number of small holes is provided below the rotary blade, A vibration sensor is mounted on the rotary shaft of the rotary rotor, and the discharge screen is provided so that it can be freely opened.When the vibration sensor detects the state of foreign matter biting, the drive unit of the rotary rotor is stopped, the discharge screen is opened, and the rotary rotor is This is a foreign matter discharge mechanism in a uniaxial crusher in which the push-in pusher is advanced while being reversed to discharge foreign matters.
[0009]
In the single-shaft crusher configured as described above, if foreign matter is mixed in the waste during normal crushing processing, an impact due to foreign matter biting from the rotating blade to the rotating rotor acts, and this impact is measured by a vibration sensor. It is detected that a foreign object has been caught. And after stopping the drive part of a rotary rotor by the signal which detected this biting of a foreign material, the operation | work which removes a foreign material is performed automatically.
[0010]
First, the discharge screen is released to create a foreign material discharge space between the rotating rotor and the side wall. Then, the rotating rotor is rotated in the reverse direction to release the foreign matter and advance the pusher pusher. The foreign matter is lifted together with the rotary blade together with the rotary rotor, is sent to the side wall side opposite to the fixed blade, is carried to the discharge space, and is discharged from the discharge port. When the discharge screen is then closed, the rotating rotor is restarted and the crushing operation can be resumed.
[0011]
Embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an external perspective view (including a partial cross-sectional portion) of the single-shaft crusher of the embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a central vertical cross-sectional view of FIG. In FIG. 1, 1 is a supply hopper, 2 is a main body frame, 3 is a push-in pusher, and 4 is a base plate. As shown in FIG. 2, the pusher pusher 3 is slidably moved on the base plate 4 and can be moved back and forth. By the guide member 3a provided on the side wall of the main body frame 2, the pusher pusher 3 is caused by the reaction force from the waste. It is guided so that it does not rise.
[0012]
Between the one end of the base plate 4 and the side wall of the main body frame 2, a rotary rotor 5 having a plurality of rotary blades 5 a is installed, and the first crushing fixed blade 6 ( A second crushing fixed blade may be provided at a symmetrical position around the rotor center point on the opposite side). A discharge screen 8 having a large number of small holes is provided below the rotary rotor 5. As will be described later, the discharge screen 8 is rotatably supported on the axis of the support shaft 8x so that it can be opened when a foreign object is caught between the rotary blade 5a and the fixed blade 6.
[0013]
As shown in the figure, the discharge screen 8 has a base portion of screen frames 8a and 8a 'provided at a plurality of predetermined intervals fixed to the horizontal frame 8b, and the upper end of the side wall frame 8c connected to the frame 8b is supported by a support shaft 8x. It is freely opened by being driven by a hydraulic cylinder 7 that is rotatably supported and attached to the side wall frame 8c by a shaft 7x. A window 15 for closing the side wall is held vertically by a spring or the like during normal operation, and is opened by a driving force when the discharge screen 8 is opened.
[0014]
9 is a discharge port for discharging the crushed material dropped from the discharge screen 8 downward, 11 is a reduction gear connected to the protruding shaft on one side of the rotary rotor 5, 10a is a fluid coupling, and 10 is this reduction gear. A chain drive motor 12 is a hydraulic pump. The pressure oil from the hydraulic pump 12 is sent to the hydraulic cylinders 7 and 13 shown in FIG. 2, and the discharge screen 8 can be freely opened by a predetermined angle by the hydraulic cylinder 7, and the protruding piston 13a of the hydraulic cylinder 13 has a connecting material. 14, the pusher pusher 3 is connected to the pusher pusher 3 through 14 so that the pusher pusher 3 can move forward and backward.
[0015]
Although a detailed drawing is omitted, the rotary rotor 5 is provided with a large number of V-shaped grooves 5b on the outer periphery thereof in parallel with each other at a predetermined pitch, and a plurality of rotary blades 5a are provided in the V-shaped grooves 5b. It is provided via a mounting seat. The rotary blades 5a are respectively arranged in a spiral zigzag shape when the apexes of those provided in adjacent V-shaped grooves 5b are connected to each other. The rotary blade 5a is formed in the shape of a quadrangular prism chip piece, and has a screw hole for mounting at the center. The rotary blade 5a is attached to the mounting seat by screw bolts, and therefore the apex of the rotary blade 5a is provided so as to protrude slightly from the top of the V-shaped groove of the rotary rotor 5.
[0016]
Note that the crushing fixed blade 6 (also the second crushing fixed blade) is provided with a number of V-shaped blades opposed to the V-shaped grooves 5 b of the rotating rotor 5 over substantially the same width as the rotating rotor 5. The V-shaped blade of the fixed blade 6 is formed so that a substantially square (or diamond-shaped) space is formed when the V-shaped groove 5b of the rotary rotor 5 and the V-shaped blade of the fixed blade 6 face each other. Yes.
[0017]
Accordingly, the rotary blade 5a passes through the substantially rectangular space and crushes the waste caught between the two ridges facing obliquely upward and the V-shaped blade of the fixed blade 6 by shear crushing. Further, since the front and back surfaces of the rotary blade 5a are formed in parallel, if the edge of the front surface is worn, it is reattached to the opposite surface and used repeatedly. For this reason, eight of the ridges of the rotary blade are used for shear crushing.
[0018]
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the uniaxial crusher, and also shows a block diagram of a control circuit for controlling the respective drive units of the rotary rotor 5, the pusher pusher 13, and the discharge screen 8. A vibration sensor (acceleration sensor) Sv is mounted on the rotary shaft 5x of the rotary rotor 5. The detection signal of this sensor detects that a foreign object has been caught between the rotary blade 5a and the fixed blade 6, and rotates. The motor 10 which is a drive part of the rotor 5 is stopped, and the rotary rotor 5 is stopped. The measurement signal of the sensor Sv is sent to the control unit 20 and is controlled by a command from the control unit 20. The hydraulic cylinders 7 and 13 which are the drive units of the discharge screen 8 and the push-in pusher 3 are controlled by transmitting signals from the control unit 20 to the solenoid valves V provided in the hydraulic piping system, and are opened when a foreign object is caught. And foreign matter pressing operation.
[0019]
In the uniaxial crusher of the embodiment configured as described above, waste is crushed by repeating shear crushing with the fixed blade 6 and the plurality of rotating blades 5a. When waste is introduced from the supply hopper 1, the pusher pusher 3 that has been retracted before that is advanced to push the waste against the rotating rotor 5. The plurality of rotary blades 5a of the rotary rotor 5 rotate and bite between the fixed blades 6 for crushing so as to bite the waste, and finely crushed by shear crushing. The waste that has been sufficiently finely crushed by the crushing is pushed onto the discharge screen 8, falls from a large number of small holes in the screen, and is discharged from the discharge port 9.
[0020]
However, there are always those that are not crushed fine enough to pass through the mesh of the screen 8 by the above crushing, and these wastes cannot pass through the screen 8 and are pushed by the rotary blade 5a to be the inner peripheral surface of the screen 8. Move and move upward. Then, crushing is performed again with the fixed blade 6, and the waste is gradually shredded.
[0021]
If foreign matter is contained in the waste while repeating such a crushing operation, the rotary rotor 5 stops rotating at the moment when the foreign matter is caught between the rotary blade 5a and the fixed blade 6. In this case, the foreign material is a material such as metal or rock that has a strength and hardness equal to or higher than those of the rotary blade and damages the rotary blade when it collides with the rotary blade rotating at a predetermined or higher rotational speed. When such foreign matter is caught between the rotary blades, an impact force is applied from the foreign matter to the rotary blade that rotates and rotates with the inertial force of a predetermined torque given by the rotation of the rotary rotor 5. Then, it is transmitted to the speed reducer 11 and the fluid coupling 10a through the rotary rotor 5.
[0022]
However, in the crusher of this embodiment, the impact force is reduced by the fluid coupling to about 40% of the magnitude acting on the power transmission system by the conventional pulley and belt that does not use the fluid coupling, and the speed reducer 11 is immediately damaged. However, since it is not preferable to rotate the rotary rotor 5 while the foreign object is caught, the motor 10 is controlled to stop when the impact force exceeds a certain level. The impact force above a certain level is, for example, set when the torque is at least twice the rated torque because the load torque of the motor is within the range of the normal crushing action to the extent that the load torque of the motor increases by several percent from the rated torque. The value should be set elastically.
[0023]
When the impact force is applied, the rotation shaft of the rotary rotor 5 vibrates according to the magnitude thereof, and this is measured by the vibration sensor Sv and a measurement signal is sent to the control unit 20. The control unit 20 is provided with a determination unit that determines whether or not the magnitude of the impact force exceeds a certain threshold value, and outputs a signal to stop the rotation of the motor 10 as soon as it is determined that it exceeds the threshold value. To do. By detecting that the impact force exceeds a certain threshold value, it is detected that a foreign object has been caught between the rotary blade 5a and the fixed blade 6. Even if this foreign material is an iron block or rock, the magnitude of the impact force applied to the rotary blade 5a differs depending on the size.
[0024]
When the stop control is performed from the control unit 20 to the motor 10 as described above, since foreign matter is caught between the rotary blade 5a and the fixed blade, in this embodiment, an operation of automatically discharging the foreign matter is performed. Done. In this discharge operation, first, a control signal is sent to the electromagnetic valve V in the path of the hydraulic cylinder 7 to operate the hydraulic cylinder 7 to open the discharge screen 8. Then, the motor 10 is driven to reverse the rotation of the rotary rotor 5 and a control signal is sent to the solenoid valve V of the hydraulic cylinder 13 of the pusher pusher 3 to actuate the hydraulic cylinder 13 and advance the pusher pusher 3 to remove foreign matter. Press.
[0025]
When the discharge screen 8 is opened by the hydraulic cylinder 7, the discharge screen 8 is attached to the side wall frame 8c and is rotated about the shaft 8x to open the discharge screen 8. At the same time, a certain discharge space is created between the rotary rotor 5 and the rotor. Accordingly, when the rotary rotor 5 is reversed and the foreign matter is lifted, the foreign matter is carried to the discharge space by the rotation of the rotary rotor 5, and then falls and is discharged to the discharge port 9. When the foreign matter is discharged, the hydraulic cylinders 7 and 13 are pulled back, the discharge screen 8 is closed, and when the push-in pusher 3 is retracted, normal operation can be performed again.
[0026]
The above operations can automate operations from detection of foreign object intrusion to removal and discharge of foreign substances, eliminating the need to spend a lot of time and effort on manual removal of foreign objects as in the past. It is a great benefit to save labor.
[0027]
In the crusher of this invention, packaging materials, plastics, films, sheets, glass fiber products, PC exteriors, refrigerators, leathers, papers, straw / woods, tin plates, cables / cords, light metal boxes Rubber, electronic component waste, etc. are targeted for crushing.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, the single-shaft crusher according to the present invention detects the foreign object biting with the vibration sensor provided on the rotary shaft of the rotary rotor, and the discharge screen can be opened freely to stop the rotating rotor when the foreign object bites. After reverse rotation, the push-in pusher is moved forward and the discharge screen is rotated to open the side of the rotating rotor. Even if a foreign object is caught, the speed reducer or motor stops without being damaged and the foreign object is automatically removed. If the foreign matter is discharged to the discharge port, the crushing operation can be resumed immediately, and the efficiency of the crushing operation can be improved. It is done.
[Brief description of the drawings]
[Fig. 1] External perspective view of uniaxial crusher [Fig. 2] Central longitudinal sectional view of Fig. 1 [Fig. 3] Plan view of uniaxial crusher [Fig. 4] Each of rotary rotor, discharge screen and pusher pusher of uniaxial crusher Block diagram of drive unit control circuit 【Explanation of symbols】
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Supply hopper 2 Main body frame 3 Pusher pusher 4 Base plate 5 Rotating rotor 5a Rotating blade 6 Crushing fixed blade 7 Hydraulic cylinder 8 Discharge screen 9 Discharge port 10 Motor 10a Fluid coupling 11 Reducer 12 Hydraulic pump 20 Control part

Claims (2)

A base plate, a fixed blade at the end of the base plate, and a rotary rotor having a plurality of rotary blades between the end and the side wall of the base plate are provided below the hopper for injecting the waste. A pusher pusher is provided on the base plate so as to be slidable and movable back and forth, and a discharge screen having a number of small holes is provided below the rotary blade so as to be freely opened, and a shaft for transmitting rotational force to the rotary rotor is provided. attaching a vibration sensor for detecting an impact more generated biting of foreign matter on the path, causes stops driving of the rotating immediately rotor detects the biting condition of the foreign substance by detecting a predetermined or more impact force by the vibration sensor Further, both the side wall window and the discharge screen of the side wall are provided so as to be openable around a horizontal axis, and can be opened freely below the discharge screen and the discharge screen by detecting the biting state of the foreign matter. Opening the side wall window, reversing the rotating rotor when foreign matter is discharged, and pushing the foreign matter by advancing the pusher pusher, through the space of the foreign matter discharge path formed between the rotary rotor, the discharge screen, and the side wall window A foreign matter discharge mechanism in a uniaxial crusher configured to automatically discharge foreign matter to a discharge port . When the foreign matter is discharged, a control signal is sent to the solenoid valve that controls the cylinder connected to each of the discharge screen and the side wall window to detect the state of foreign matter biting, and the cylinder is operated to freely open the discharge screen and the side wall window. The foreign matter discharge mechanism in the uniaxial crusher according to claim 1, wherein the foreign matter discharge mechanism is configured.

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