JP3828248B2 - Labor-saving control method for rice diseases - Google Patents

Description

【００３８】
【数２】

【００３９】
薬害程度
−：無 ±：微 ＋：少 ＋＋：中 ＋＋＋：大
【００４０】
結果は表１に示す。
【００４１】
【表１】

【００４２】
注１） 無処理区の（ ）内はイネばか苗病発病苗率（％）を示す。
【００４３】
試験例２ イネ籾枯細菌病防除効果試験
供試籾は、品種「コシヒカリ」の開花期に、イネ籾枯細菌病菌（学名：シュードモナス グルメ、Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｇｌｕｍａｅ）を噴霧接種して得た罹病籾を使用し、１５℃で６日間、水に浸種した。そして、次の方法によって稲種籾を種子消毒した。
▲１▼粉衣処理法は、浸種後催芽前の種籾１５０ｇと実施例に準じて調製した水和剤の所定薬量を、三角フラスコに入れて粉衣処理した。
▲２▼吹き付け処理法は、浸種後催芽前の種籾１５０ｇに対し、実施例に準じて調製した薬剤、あるいは市販の薬剤を水で希釈し、所定濃度とした薬液３ｍｌ（種籾重量の２％相当量）が種籾に均一に付着するように小型エアースプレーヤーを用いて吹き付け処理した。
▲３▼塗抹処理法は、浸種後催芽前の種籾１５０ｇと実施例に準じて調製した薬剤、あるいは市販の薬剤を水で希釈し、所定濃度とした薬液１．５ｍｌ（種籾重量の１％相当量）を、三角フラスコに入れ、種籾を薬液とよく混和させ、塗抹処理した。
【００４４】
それぞれ薬剤処理した催芽していない種籾１５０ｇのうち２０ｇ量を、通常の育苗箱（縦×横×高さ＝６０ｃｍ×３０ｃｍ×３ｃｍ）の１０分の１の大きさの育苗箱（縦×横×高さ＝１２ｃｍ×１５ｃｍ×３ｃｍ）に播種し、直ちに覆土した。播種覆土後は、３２℃で３日間出芽処理し、出芽後２日間は温室内の寒冷紗で遮光し、その後は寒冷紗を除去し、通常の栽培管理をした。
【００４５】
なお、育苗培土は市販のクミアイ粒状培土Ｄ（呉羽化学工業株式会社製）を使用した。
【００４６】
対照区の種子消毒方法は、次のように行った。すなわち、所定濃度の薬液に種籾を２４時間浸漬したのち、３時間陰干し、１５℃で５日間水に浸漬した。次いで、水を切って３２℃で一夜催芽処理し、ハト胸状態を呈する種籾を育苗箱の１箱当り乾籾換算で２０ｇ播種した。播種後は直ちに覆土し、本発明区の育苗箱と同様に管理した。
【００４７】
播種２１日後に育苗箱の全苗について、腐敗枯死苗を発病指数３、白化苗及び葉鞘褐変苗を発病指数１とし、下記式により発病度を求め、防除価（％）を算出した。また、薬害については出芽程度、生育程度などについて観察し、下記の薬害程度で示した。
【００４８】
【数３】

【００４９】
【数４】

【００５０】
薬害程度
−：無 ±：微 ＋：少 ＋＋：中 ＋＋＋：大
【００５１】
結果は表２に示す。
【００５２】
【表２】

【００５３】
注１）無処理区の（ ）内はイネ籾枯細菌病発病度（％）を示す。
【００５４】
試験例３ イネごま葉枯病防除効果試験
イネごま葉枯病罹病種子（品種「朝日」）を１５℃で６日間、水に浸種した。その浸種後催芽前の種籾は、試験例１と同様に、塗抹処理、吹き付け処理、粉衣処理した。さらに試験例１と同様に播種し、栽培管理した。発病調査は、播種１８日後に育苗箱の全苗についてイネごま葉枯病症状を示した発病苗数と健全苗数を調べ、試験例１と同様に発病苗より防除価を算出した。また薬害についても試験例１と同様に調査した。
【００５５】
対照区の種子消毒方法は試験例１の対照区の方法と同様に行った。
【００５６】
結果は表３に示す。
【００５７】
【表３】

【００５８】
注１）無処理区の（ ）内はイネごま葉枯病発病苗率（％）を示す。OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a seed disinfection method that is essential for seedling of rice in a seedling box and is labor-saving and relates to providing a new method that does not generate waste liquid.
[0002]
[Prior art]
At present, the widely used seed disinfection method is a pre-soaking disinfection method, that is, a method of treating the dried cocoon with a seed disinfectant and then immersing it in stagnant water to sufficiently absorb the seed pod. As this chemical treatment method, a method of immersing seed pods in a chemical solution diluted with water to a predetermined concentration for a certain period of time, a method of dressing or smearing a certain amount of chemical solution in seed varieties, or a process of spraying a high concentration chemical solution onto the seed pods There are ways to do it. However, since the immersion treatment method uses a large amount of chemical solution, disposal of the chemical solution after treatment becomes a problem from the environmental viewpoint. Also, in the dressing process, smearing process, and spraying process, it is necessary for each treatment tank to be soaked in the stagnant water, and the chemical adhering to the seed must be dissolved in the soaked water, and it is not possible to dispose of this soaked water as it is. It is not preferable from the aspect.
[0003]
On the other hand, a method of treating seeds with seeds after soaking seeds in water and sufficiently absorbing water, and then treating the seeds with germination treatment (a method for disinfecting seeds) has been known for a long time. For example, the seeding treatment method after germination is a method that has been carried out with a mercury agent, but the chemical solution after the seeding treatment is a problem from the environmental point of view, as with the soaking treatment before seeding, disposal of the chemical solution after the treatment. . In addition, there is known a method in which seed pods after soaking and before germination are immersed in a chemical solution, followed by sprouting treatment and sowing, but disposal of the chemical solution after treatment becomes a problem from an environmental point of view. In addition, the method of dressing or smearing seeds that have been sprouting and immediately sowing does not cause a problem of waste liquid, but it is difficult to align the sprouting state (pig chest state) suitable for chemical treatment, When the seed buds in the (budding) state are dressed or smeared, the buds are damaged, and there is a problem that they do not germinate even when sown. In addition, many drugs, when treated in a sprouting state, cause a large amount of drugs to penetrate into the seed pods and cause phytotoxicity, and are rarely practiced except for some drugs.
[0004]
Immediately after seeding seedlings in a seedling box by a conventional method, seed preparations (working until seed sowing such as seed disinfection and soaking) without performing chemical soaking, spraying, and dressing of seeds It is known that seed infectious diseases and withering diseases can be controlled by spraying a seed disinfectant chemical onto the surface of the seed pods (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 4-173703 and 5-58812, (Kaihei 5-194115, JP-A-5-194119).
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In general, seed disinfection methods such as immersing conventional seed pods in chemicals, pre-spraying high-concentration chemicals on dry pods and preserving them in dry pods are generally followed by stagnant water after these operations. The work is complicated and time-consuming. Therefore, joint seedlings are widely used as part of rice cultivation, but the amount of chemicals used for seed disinfection is large, and it is necessary to treat the waste liquid with lime etc. added to prevent environmental pollution. . Therefore, establishment of a more labor-saving seed disinfection method is desired instead of the conventional seed disinfection method. As one of the solutions, as described above, seed pods that had been prepared for seeds were sown in a seedling box by a conventional method without performing conventional chemical soaking, spraying, powdering, etc. In addition, it has been found that seed infectious diseases and withering diseases can be controlled by spraying the chemical solution of the above-mentioned drug on the surface of the seed pods. However, in reality, there is a risk that quantitative dispensing of chemicals may be difficult, and high concentrations of chemicals may leak out of the nursery box, or a large amount of high concentration waste fluids may be generated in large-scale sowing operations, causing environmental pollution. Therefore, a seed disinfection method that does not produce waste liquid is required.
[0006]
In view of such a current situation, the present invention provides a method for controlling rice diseases that is labor-saving, exhibits excellent control effects, and does not produce waste liquid.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies in order to solve the above problems. As a result, with respect to first seed rice was allowed to absorb water in ten minutes by soaking in water, or a seed disinfectant for dressing process, or processes spraying a chemical disinfection agent, or drug solution to the smear processing disinfection agent It has been found that seed-borne diseases can be effectively controlled by sowing the treated seed pods in a seedling nursery box and covering them with soil. That is, it is an aspect of the present invention, after the rice seeds to seed disinfection process is not performed by soaking in water, the rice seeds seed disinfectant before germination (however, pent-4-enyl -N- Dressed with furfuryl-N-imidazol-1-ylcarbonyl-DL-homoalaninate), sprayed with a chemical solution of the disinfectant, or smeared, and seeded the treated seed pods in a nursery box And a soil-saving method for controlling seed-borne rice diseases having an effect of not producing a seed disinfectant waste liquid .
[0008]
Next, the labor-saving control method for rice diseases according to the present invention will be specifically described.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Examples of the active ingredient of the seed disinfectant used in the method of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following.
[0010]
Two or more active ingredients of these seed disinfectants may be used in combination.
[0011]
1) Benzimidazole fungicide (1) Methyl-1- (n-butylcarbamoyl) -2-benzimidazole carbamate (hereinafter referred to as “benomyl”)
(2) 1,2-bis (3-methoxycarbonyl-2-thioureido) benzene (hereinafter referred to as “thiophanate methyl”)
2) Sterol demethylation inhibitor (1) (E) -4-chloro-α, α, α-trifluoro-N- (1-imidazol-1-yl-propoxyethylidene) -o-toluidine (hereinafter referred to as “trif”) "Lumizole")
(2) N-propyl-N- {2- (2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy) ethyl} imidazole-1-carboxamide (hereinafter referred to as “prochloraz”)
(3) 2-{(4-Chlorophenyl) methyl} -5- (1-methylethyl) -1- (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) -syncropentanol (hereinafter referred to as “ipconazole”) )
3) Copper disinfectant (1) Cupric hydroxide (2) Basic copper chloride (3) Copper gluconate (4) Copper nonylphenol sulfonate 4) Others (1) Bis (dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide (hereinafter "TMTD") ")
(2) 5-ethyl-5,8-dihydro-8-oxo [1,3] dioxolo [4,5-g] quinoline-7-carboxylic acid (3) 4- (2,2-difluoro-1,3 -Benzodioxol-4-yl) pyrrole-3-carbonitrile
A method of treating seeds with the agent of the present invention is performed as follows. That is, in the powder dressing method, rice seed meal and seed disinfectant are placed in a rotary drum, and the drum is rotated so that the medicine is uniformly coated on the seed meal. For example, (1) a method of spraying a chemical directly using a nozzle suitable for seeds falling from the hopper, (2) a vibrating guide plate is attached from the hopper to the nursery box, For example, a method of spraying a chemical solution using a suitable nozzle when the seed pod passes through, (3) a method of attaching a drum that leads from the hopper to the seedling box and spraying the chemical solution to the seed pod passing through the drum can be used.
[0013]
In addition, the above-mentioned spraying machine is provided with a chemical receiver that collects the chemical liquid that has not been sprayed on the seed pod, and is returned to the chemical tank by the pump. As a method for spraying a chemical solution to a small-scale seed pod, the seed pod is put in a rotating machine such as a mortar mixer, and a predetermined amount of medicine is sprayed uniformly with an appropriate sprayer.
[0014]
The smearing method is similar to the powder coating process, in which a chemical solution diluted with water and seed meal are placed in a rotary drum, and the drum is rotated to uniformly smear the chemical solution onto the seed seed.
[0015]
As the seed disinfectant used in the labor-saving control method for rice diseases of the present invention, a newly formulated one may be used, but a commercially available preparation can also be used as it is. As such examples, some of the above-mentioned drug wettable powder, emulsion, and flowable (aqueous suspension) are illustrated as examples, but the dosage form is not limited thereto.
[0016]
The content of the active ingredient of the seed disinfectant in these preparations is not limited, but is usually 1 to 50%, and various carriers and surfactants commonly used for seed disinfectants by conventional methods. It can be formulated and used together with stabilizers for active ingredients and other various adjuvants.
[0017]
The rice seed bran is sufficiently absorbed by soaking (accumulated temperature 60 to 100 ° C./day) and then treated with a seed disinfectant by the following method before germination. That is, when dressing treatment is performed using a wettable powder of a seed disinfectant, the amount of 0.1% to 5%, preferably 0.2% to 2% of the seed pod by weight ratio to the seed bud after soaking and before germination Dress the disinfectant wettable powder. In the case of smearing, the disinfectant is diluted 1 to 100 times with water in seed pods after soaking and before budding, and the chemical solution is smeared by adding 1 to 50 ml per kg of seed pods and mixing. When spraying, the disinfectant is diluted 1 to 1000 times with water, and the obtained chemical solution is sprayed in an amount of 1 to 100 ml, preferably 10 to 30 ml, per 1 kg of seed meal by the above method. The seed pods obtained in this manner can be germinated as they are, or sprouting and seeded in a seedling box (length × width × height = 60 cm × 30 cm × 3 cm) and covered with soil.
[0018]
Moreover, the labor-saving control method for rice diseases according to the present invention uses the above-mentioned seed disinfectant mixed with other fungicides, rice pesticides and other insecticides, plant growth regulators, fertilizers, etc. Can do.
[0019]
Next, although an Example is shown about the seed disinfectant used for the labor-saving control method of this invention, this invention is not limited to what was illustrated, The above-mentioned chemical | medical agent can be used similarly to others. Any drug can be applied. In addition, auxiliary agents can be used with appropriate modifications.
[0020]
In the examples, all parts are parts by weight.
[0021]
Example 1 (wettable powder)
Benomyl 50 parts polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether 2 parts sodium lignin sulfonate 3 parts white carbon 1 part clay 44 parts The above composition is mixed uniformly and pulverized to obtain a wettable powder.
[0022]
Example 2 (wettable powder)
Benomyl 20 parts TMTD 20 parts polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether 2 parts sodium lignin sulfonate 3 parts white carbon 5 parts clay 50 parts The above composition is mixed uniformly and ground to obtain a wettable powder.
[0023]
Example 3 (wettable powder)
Ipconazole 6 parts polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether 2 parts sodium lignin sulfonate 3 parts clay 89 parts The above composition is uniformly mixed and pulverized to obtain a wettable powder.
[0024]
Example 4 (Emulsion)
Triflumizole 15 parts Xylol 75 parts Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether 10 parts The above composition is uniformly mixed and dissolved to obtain an emulsion.
[0025]
Example 5 (emulsion)
Prochloraz 25 parts Xylol 65 parts Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether 10 parts The above composition is mixed uniformly and dissolved to obtain an emulsion.
[0026]
Example 6 (Flowable)
Triflumizole 5 parts Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether 1 part Sodium lignin sulfonate 4 parts Xanthan gum 2% aqueous solution 10 parts Water 80 parts The above composition is uniformly mixed and mixed with a homomixer (manufactured by Nippon Special Machinery Co., Ltd.). Disperse to obtain a flowable.
[0027]
Example 7 (Flowable)
Prochloraz 20 parts Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether 1 part Sodium lignin sulfonate 4 parts Xanthan gum 2% aqueous solution 10 parts Water 65 parts The above composition is uniformly mixed and dispersed with a homomixer (manufactured by Nippon Special Machinery Co., Ltd.). Get the flowable.
[0028]
The above-described wettable powder, emulsion, flowable or commercially available wettable powder, emulsion, flowable, etc. may be used to carry out the labor-saving control method for rice diseases of the present invention.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
The method for saving labor of seed- borne infectious rice diseases according to the present invention involves dressing a seed disinfectant after soaking and before germination with a seed disinfectant, or spraying or smearing with a chemical solution of the disinfectant. Just do it. Therefore, the control work is simpler than the conventional seed disinfection method, which is immersed in a disinfectant chemical and air-dried. Moreover, the seed pod is not immersed in the disinfectant chemical solution, and the seed pod treated with the disinfectant is not immersed in water. Therefore, no seed disinfectant waste liquid is produced, and no waste liquid treatment is required, so that labor can be saved and there is no concern about environmental pollution.
[0030]
In addition, according to the method of the present invention, the seed disinfection effect is high, and it is effective in controlling rice seedling disease, rice wilt bacterial disease, rice sesame leaves, etc., and does not cause phytotoxicity to rice.
[0031]
Next, a test example is shown to show the usefulness of the labor-saving control method for rice diseases according to the present invention.
[0032]
[Test example]
Test Example 1 Rice sapling seedling disease control effect test A rice sapling seedling disease naturally-affected pod (variety “Nipponbare”) was immersed in water at 15 ° C. for 6 days. And the rice seed meal was disinfected by the following method.
{Circle around (1)} In the powder dressing method, 150 g of seed pods after soaking and before germination and a predetermined amount of a wettable powder prepared according to the examples were placed in an Erlenmeyer flask and powdered.
(2) The spraying method is such that 3 ml of chemical solution (corresponding to 2% of the weight of the seed pod) is prepared by diluting a drug prepared according to the example or a commercially available drug with water to 150 g of seed pods after soaking and before germination. The amount was sprayed using a small air sprayer so that the amount was uniformly attached to the seeds.
(3) The smear treatment method is 150 g of seed pods after soaking and before germination and a drug prepared according to the examples or a commercially available drug diluted with water to a predetermined concentration of 1.5 ml (equivalent to 1% of the weight of the seed pod) Amount) was placed in an Erlenmeyer flask, and the seed meal was mixed well with the chemical solution and smeared.
[0033]
In this way, 20 g of 150 g of non-germinated seed pods treated with each drug is used in a seedling box (vertical length × width × height = 60 cm × 30 cm × 3 cm) that is one-tenth the size of a normal seedling box (vertical × width × height = 60 cm × 30 cm × 3 cm). X horizontal x height = 12 cm x 15 cm x 3 cm) and immediately covered with soil. After covering the soil, budding treatment was carried out at 32 ° C. for 3 days, and after 2 days of budding, the chilled rice was shielded from light with a cold koji, and then the chilled koji was removed for normal cultivation management.
[0034]
In addition, the commercially available Kumiai granular culture soil D (made by Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used for the seedling culture soil.
[0035]
The seed disinfection method in the control group was performed as follows. Specifically, seed pods were immersed in a chemical solution of a predetermined concentration for 24 hours, then shaded for 6 hours, and immersed in water at 15 ° C. for 5 days. Next, water was drained and sprouting treatment was performed overnight at 32 ° C., and 20 g of seed pods exhibiting a pigeon breast condition was sown in a dry seed conversion per seedling box. After sowing, the soil was covered and managed in the same manner as the seedling box in the present invention.
[0036]
30 days after sowing, all seedlings in the nursery box were examined for the number of diseased seedlings that showed symptoms of rice stupid seedling such as chief and death, and the number of diseaseless seedlings. (%) Was calculated. Regarding phytotoxicity, the degree of emergence, growth, etc. were observed and indicated as the following phytotoxicity.
[0037]
[Expression 1]

[0038]
[Expression 2]

[0039]
Degree of chemical damage-: None ±: Slight +: Small ++: Medium +++: Large
The results are shown in Table 1.
[0041]
[Table 1]

[0042]
Note 1) Figures in parentheses for untreated plots indicate the rate of seedling seedling disease (%).
[0043]
Test Example 2 Rice Bacterial Bacterial Disease Control Effect Test The test bud was obtained by spray-inoculating a rice blight bacterial disease (scientific name: Pseudomonas gourmet, Pseudomonas glumae) at the flowering stage of the cultivar "Koshihikari". The diseased pods were used and soaked in water at 15 ° C. for 6 days. And the rice seed meal was disinfected by the following method.
{Circle around (1)} In the powder dressing method, 150 g of seed pods after soaking and before germination and a predetermined amount of a wettable powder prepared according to the examples were placed in an Erlenmeyer flask and powdered.
(2) The spraying method is such that 3 ml of chemical solution (corresponding to 2% of the weight of the seed pod) is prepared by diluting a drug prepared according to the example or a commercially available drug with water to 150 g of seed pods after soaking and before germination. The amount was sprayed using a small air sprayer so that the amount was uniformly attached to the seeds.
(3) The smear treatment method is 150 g of seed pods after soaking and before germination and a drug prepared according to the examples or a commercially available drug diluted with water to a predetermined concentration of 1.5 ml (equivalent to 1% of the weight of the seed pod) Amount) was placed in an Erlenmeyer flask, and the seed meal was mixed well with the chemical solution and smeared.
[0044]
A seedling box (vertical x horizontal x horizontal) that is 1/10 the size of a normal seedling box (vertical x horizontal x height = 60 cm x 30 cm x 3 cm) is added to 150 g of untreated seed pods treated with a drug. Height = 12 cm × 15 cm × 3 cm) and immediately covered with soil. After sowing, the seedlings were budding at 32 ° C. for 3 days, and after 2 days of budding, they were shielded from light with a cold koji in the greenhouse, after which they were removed and subjected to normal cultivation management.
[0045]
In addition, the commercially available Kumiai granular culture soil D (made by Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used for the seedling culture soil.
[0046]
The seed disinfection method in the control group was performed as follows. That is, seed pods were immersed in a chemical solution of a predetermined concentration for 24 hours, then shaded for 3 hours, and immersed in water at 15 ° C. for 5 days. Next, water was drained and sprouting treatment was performed overnight at 32 ° C., and 20 g of seed pods exhibiting a pigeon breast condition was sown in a dry seed conversion per seedling box. Immediately after sowing, the soil was covered and managed in the same manner as the seedling box in the present invention.
[0047]
For all the seedlings in the seedling box 21 days after sowing, the rot and dead seedlings were assigned the disease index 3, the bleached seedlings and the leaf sheath browned seedlings were the disease index 1, and the disease severity was determined by the following formula to calculate the control value (%). Regarding phytotoxicity, the degree of emergence, growth, etc. were observed and indicated as the following phytotoxicity.
[0048]
[Equation 3]

[0049]
[Expression 4]

[0050]
Degree of chemical damage-: None ±: Slight +: Small ++: Medium +++: Large
The results are shown in Table 2.
[0052]
[Table 2]

[0053]
Note 1) Figures in parentheses in untreated plots indicate the degree of bacterial wilt (%).
[0054]
Test Example 3 Rice sesame leaf blight control effect test Rice sesame leaf disease-affected seeds (variety “Asahi”) were soaked in water at 15 ° C. for 6 days. The seed pods after soaking and before germination were treated in the same manner as in Test Example 1 by smearing, spraying, and dressing. Further, seeding and cultivation management were conducted in the same manner as in Test Example 1. In the disease investigation, the number of diseased seedlings and the number of healthy seedlings showing the symptoms of rice sesame leaf blight were examined for all seedlings in the seedling box 18 days after sowing, and the control value was calculated from the diseased seedlings in the same manner as in Test Example 1. Further, phytotoxicity was investigated in the same manner as in Test Example 1.
[0055]
The seed disinfection method for the control group was carried out in the same manner as the control group for Test Example 1.
[0056]
The results are shown in Table 3.
[0057]
[Table 3]

[0058]
Note 1) Figures in parentheses in untreated plots indicate the rice sesame seedling disease incidence (%).

Claims (1)

After the rice seeds to seed disinfection process is not performed by soaking in water, the rice seeds seed disinfectant before germination (however, pent-4-enyl -N- furfuryl -N- imidazol-1-ylcarbonyl - DL-homoalaninate is excluded)), or sprayed with a chemical solution of the disinfectant or smeared, and the treated rice seeds are sown in a seedling box and covered with soil. A labor-saving control method for seed-borne rice diseases, which has the effect of not producing seed disinfectant waste liquid .
[0001]