JP3825335B2 - Method for producing dried fish flakes - Google Patents

Method for producing dried fish flakes Download PDF

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JP3825335B2
JP3825335B2 JP2002041982A JP2002041982A JP3825335B2 JP 3825335 B2 JP3825335 B2 JP 3825335B2 JP 2002041982 A JP2002041982 A JP 2002041982A JP 2002041982 A JP2002041982 A JP 2002041982A JP 3825335 B2 JP3825335 B2 JP 3825335B2
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flakes
weight
fish
drying
fats
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JP2003235445A (en
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一雅 井辻
隆志 大井
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株式会社永谷園
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、ふりかけ、お茶づけなどの具材に使用される乾燥魚肉フレークの製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ふりかけやお茶づけに使用される乾燥魚肉フレークは、食感と加水復元性に優れていることが必要である。例えば、ふりかけに使用する乾燥魚肉フレークは、硬いものは食感として好ましくなく適度の柔らかさが好まれている。また、お茶づけに使用する場合は加水復元性が重要でこれが短時間に行われることが必要である。しかしながら、魚肉フレークを熱風乾燥などで加熱乾燥してお茶づけとすると組織が収縮して硬くなり、また加水復元性も劣るものとなっていた。こうした問題を解決する方法として、野菜、肉、魚介類などの細片に糖類を浸透させてから乾燥処理を行って加水復元性の良好な魚肉フレークを製造する方法が提案されている(特開昭51−101145号)。確かに、この方法によると糖類の含浸処理をしない場合よりは改善がみられるが、それでも加水復元性が十分に改善されたとはいい難く、また食感も硬く違和感のあるものであった。
【0003】
従来から、加水復元性を付与する食品の乾燥方法としては、コストが高いが凍結乾燥が最も効果的であるとされこれまで広く利用されている。しかし、凍結乾燥食品は組織がポーラスで崩れやすく、また食感が軽くて質感に欠けるという欠点が指摘されている。そこで、凍結乾燥食品のポーラで崩れ易い点、質感に欠ける点を改良する方法として、魚介類に所定量の食用油脂を含有してから凍結乾燥する方法が提案されている(特開昭63−98346号)。しかしながら、この方法ではその改善のために用いる油脂量が多いために油っぽさが残る食感となるとともに、ここでの乾燥が凍結乾燥であるために製造コストが高いといった問題があった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この発明は、乾燥した魚肉が硬くならないで食感がよく、しかも加水復元性が良好な乾燥魚肉フレークを高価な凍結乾燥でなく経済的な乾燥方法である加熱乾燥で得ようとするものである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明は、加熱処理した魚肉フレークの水分含量を40〜70重量%に調整し、この魚肉フレークの乾燥重量に対し5〜40重量%の油脂及び5〜70重量%の乳糖を加えて攪拌し、その後これを加熱乾燥することを特徴とする乾燥魚肉フレークの製造方法(請求項1)および加熱乾燥が熱風乾燥または真空乾燥である請求項1記載の乾燥魚肉フレークの製造方法(請求項2)である。
【0006】
【発明の実施の態様】
この発明で使用する魚肉フレークは、鮭、鱒、鰹、鯛など通常食用に供される魚肉を公知な方法で加工したものである。一例をあげると、前記した魚の頭部、内臓、骨、皮などの非可食部を除去する前処理工程の後、3重量%の食塩を含有する沸騰水で30分ボイルして、さらにこれを解砕してフレーク状にしたものである。また、別の方法としては上記の非可食部を除去する前処理工程を行わないものを加熱処理し、その後非可食部分の除去を行うようにしてもよい。加熱工程はボイル、蒸煮、マイクロ波加熱その他を採用することができる。魚肉フレークの製造方法はこの外にも任意の方法を採用することが可能である。
【0007】
魚肉フレークの大きさは、後述する油脂と乳糖の浸透を確保するために目開き2cmの篩を通過できる大きさに解砕することが好ましい。また、目的に応じてそれ以下の大きさに解砕することは任意である。この発明ではこのようにして調整した魚肉フレークを水分含量が40〜70重量%、好ましくは50〜60重量%となるように調整して使用する。水分量の調整は、自然脱水、遠心脱水、プレス脱水、通風乾燥などで行われる。この水分調整を行った魚肉フレークに対し、その乾燥重量に対して5〜40重量%の油脂と5〜70重量%の乳糖を加え、これを攪拌して魚肉フレークに油脂と乳糖を浸透させる。
【0008】
この発明で使用する魚肉フレークの水分含量が70重量%を超えると、次の工程で魚肉フレークに添加する油脂が魚肉フレークに浸透するのを阻害し、また40重量%未満であると同様にこれに添加する乳糖が十分に溶解することができない。この発明では魚肉フレークに油脂と乳糖を上記の範囲で併用して添加することが極めて重要で、この両者が魚肉フレークに十分に浸透することでこの発明の目的を達成することが可能である。前記した特開昭63−98346号では魚介類に油脂を添加し、これを凍結乾燥することで柔らかいテクスチャーの魚肉フレークを製造する技術を開示しているが、この方法は油脂を多く使用しているため食感が好ましくなくまた乾燥方法が凍結乾燥に限定されていたが、本発明は油脂と乳糖とを併用して添加することで油脂の添加量を少なくして食感の向上を図ることができるようにするとともに、乾燥方法をコストの安い通風乾燥や減圧乾燥などの採用を可能としたものである。
【0009】
この発明で使用する油脂は通常食用に使用されるものであればよく、例えば菜種油、大豆油、コーン油、ごま油、ヤシ油、パーム油などの食用油脂や食用精製加工油脂で、好ましくは中鎖脂肪酸の含有量の高い食用精製加工油脂である。これらを1種又は2種以上混合して使用する。この発明では、さらに油脂の酸化防止のためにトコフェロールを添加することや乳化剤を添加することが有効である。油脂は魚肉フレークの乾燥重量に対して5〜40重量%の範囲で添加し、好ましくは10重量%以上で20重量%以下である。油脂の添加が、水分量を調整した魚肉フレークの乾燥重量に対して40重量%を超えると、油脂が魚肉フレークに吸収されずに残存し乾燥後の魚肉フレークが油っポい状態となって好ましくない。また、油脂が5重量%では油脂添加の効果が十分でなく、硬い食感の乾燥魚肉フレークとなる。本発明では魚肉由来の油脂が少ない魚肉フレークを使用するのが好ましい。魚肉本来の油脂は不飽和脂肪酸が多く、酸化しやすいのでその含有量によって保存性に影響を及ぼすことがある。こうした事態を避けるため、この発明では保存性を向上させるために予め魚肉由来の油脂を除去した魚肉フレークを使用するようにしてもよい。魚肉由来の油脂を除去する方法は一般的に行われている方法で、例えば前処理工程で油脂分の多い部分を取り除いたり、加熱工程で油脂を分離するなどの方法が採用される。
【0010】
乳糖は、水分調整した魚肉フレークの乾燥重量に対して5〜70重量%、好ましくは10〜30重量%添加する。乳糖を魚肉フレークの乾燥重量に対して70重量%を超えて添加すると浸透圧の関係で魚肉が収縮し油脂の浸透を阻害する。さらに、乳糖を過剰に添加した場合は乳糖が溶解しないで魚肉フレークに付着するようになって好ましくない。また、乳糖が5重量%未満では十分な効果が得られず、硬い食感の乾燥フレークとなる。本発明者は各種糖類の中でも乳糖を上記の範囲で添加した場合に限って上記のような効果が期待できることを見出したものである。
【0011】
本発明において乳糖が特異的効果を発揮するメカニズムは不明であるが、適度な水溶性を有することが影響しているものと推測される。即ち、魚肉フレークに添加した乳糖は魚肉フレークの中の水分に溶解して内部に浸透する。その後、乾燥工程で浸透した乳糖が蛋白を保護するとともに、水分の蒸発にともなって魚肉フレークの中で析出する。析出した乳糖はフレークの組織構造を保持して収縮を抑制する効果があると推定される。そして、乳糖は他の糖類よりは水溶性が低く析出しやすいので魚肉フレークの収縮を抑制する効果に優れているものと推測される。
【0012】
油脂および乳糖は、同時に或いはいずれか一方を先に添加してもその効果には影響がなく、これらを魚肉フレークに均一に分散させることが重要である。そのため、油脂と乳糖を添加した魚肉フレークはこれをよく攪拌混合する。攪拌混合は通常の方法でよく、例えば油脂および乳糖を添加した魚肉フレークをニーダで攪拌する。添加された油脂および乳糖は、次の乾燥工程で加熱されて油脂の流動性と乳糖の溶解性が向上し、魚肉フレークへの浸透が促進される。さらに、この発明では調味料、着色料、香料などを添加することもできる。これらの添加は、油脂および乳糖の添加と同時でも別でもよく、魚肉フレークを作る際の加熱工程でのボイル処理のときでもよい。
【0013】
以上のようにして油脂および乳糖を添加し攪拌混合した魚肉フレークは加熱乾燥して乾燥魚肉フレークとする。乾燥魚肉フレークの水分含量は5重量%以下にすることが好ましい。水分含量が5重量%を超えると保存性が低下する恐れがある。乾燥方法は凍結乾燥以外の加熱乾燥で、例えば熱風乾燥や真空乾燥を行う。熱風乾燥には流動層乾燥なども含まれ、通風しながら行う乾燥方法の全てが含まれる。真空乾燥には減圧乾燥も含まれ、減圧乾燥は、減圧条件下で乾燥する方法の全てを含むが凍結乾燥は除かれる。減圧条件は4.6トール以上であればよい。加熱はヒータ加熱、マイクロ波加熱、遠赤外線加熱など通常使用される加熱方法が利用される。
【0014】
試験例1(油脂および乳糖の添加量)
予めフィレーに加工した鮭を蒸し器で30分間蒸煮し、蒸し上がった魚肉を2cmにほぐしながら骨を取り除き放冷して鮭フレークとした。この鮭フレークの水分量を測定したところ50重量%であった。この鮭フレークに油脂と乳糖を添加した。油脂は食用パーム油で、添加は鮭フレーク100gに対し、無添加,2.5g,5.0g,10.0g,20.0g,35.0gの6種とした。また、乳糖の添加は、無添加,2.5g,5.0g,15.0g,35.0g,50.0g の6種とした。さらに、これ以外に食塩を20g,グルタミン酸ナトリウムを5g添加し、攪拌して全体が均一になるようにした。上記のようにして調整した魚肉フレークをトレーに厚さ1cmに敷いて、これを10トールの減圧条件で70℃の加熱を行い、水分含量が5重量%となるまで乾燥した。
【0015】
こうして得られた乾燥鮭フレークを10名のパネラーによって官能評価を行った。評価は、乾燥状態での魚肉フレークの食感と、熱湯を注加して30秒後の復元性の2項目で下記の基準で行った。10名のパネラーの平均をそれぞれ表1(食感評価)および表2(加水復元性の評価)に示した。
【0016】
食感の評価
5:硬くなく極めて良好な品質
4:硬くなく良好な品質
3:やや硬いが、違和感のない程度
2:硬く不自然な食感
1:硬くしまっていて、極めて不自然な食感
加水復元性の評価
5:非常に優れている
4:優れている
3:普通
2:劣っている
1:非常に劣っている
【0017】
【表1】

Figure 0003825335
【0018】
【表2】
Figure 0003825335
【0019】
表1および表2の結果から、油脂の添加量が5〜40重量%で、乳糖の添加量が5〜70重量%の乾燥鮭フレークの品質が良好であることが分かる。また、油脂の添加量が10〜20重量%で、乳糖の添加量が10〜30重量%の乾燥鮭フレークの品質が特に良好であることが分かる。油脂の添加量が70重量%、乳糖の添加量100重量%のものは、それぞれ油脂と乳糖が分離した状態で見た目もよくなく、食味も油脂と乳糖の味を感じてよくなかった。
【0020】
試験例2(糖類の種類)
油脂と併用する糖類の種類を変えて乾燥魚肉フレークの品質に与える影響を調べた。予めフイレーに加工した鰹を沸騰水で30分加熱し、煮し上がった魚肉を約1.5cmにほぐしながら骨を取り除き鰹フレークを遠心脱水機で脱水し、鰹フレークの水分含量を50重量%にした。この鰹フレーク100gに、油脂7.5g,糖類5g、調味料として食塩20g、グルタミン酸ナトリウム5gを添加して混合した。油脂は市販のサラダ油を使用し、糖類は蔗糖、果糖、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、トレハロース、デキストリンをそれぞれ使用した。こうして調整した鰹フレークをザルに敷き、これに80℃の熱風を2時間通風して水分を5%になるまで乾燥した。得られた乾燥鰹フレークを10名のパネラーにより試験例1と同様の基準で官能評価を行った。この評価の平均点を表3に示した。
【0021】
【表3】
Figure 0003825335
【0022】
表3から分かるように、乳糖を添加したものだけが特異的に食感の評価が高く、それ以外の糖類ではいずれも評価が低かった。また、デキストリンとコーンスターチを添加したものは魚肉フレークの表面に白い斑点状の粉が付着し外観の悪いものであった。
【0023】
試験例3(魚肉フレークの水分含有量)
予めフィレーに加工した鮭を沸騰水で30分加熱処理し、煮上がった魚肉を約1cmにほぐしながら骨を取り除き鮭フレークとした。この鮭フレークの水分含量は80重量%であった。この魚肉フレークの水分含量がそれぞれ30重量%,40重量%,50重量%,60重量%,70重量%となるように熱風乾燥機で乾燥してその重量を調整した。上記のように水分量を調整した鮭フレークに、その乾燥重量50gに対し、油脂を7.5g、乳糖を5.0g,調味料として食塩20g,グルタミン酸ナトリウム5gを添加し、70℃の熱風乾燥機で2時間通風し水分が5%になるまで乾燥させた。なお、油脂は食用ヤシ油を使用した。得られた乾燥鮭フレークを10名のパネラーにより試験例1と同様の基準で官能評価を行った。評価の平均点を表4に示した。
【0024】
【表4】
Figure 0003825335
【0025】
表4から分かるように、魚肉フレークの水分含量が40〜70重量%のものの品質が良好であり、50〜60重量%で特に評価が高かった。水分含量が80重量%のものは魚肉フレークがつぶれ外観が悪かった。
【0026】
【実施例】
冷凍鮭(ドレス)を水槽に1晩浸漬して解凍後のものを原料とした。この鮭を3枚に卸し、骨、皮を除去してフィレーに加工した。これを沸騰水で50分ボイルした後、魚肉をほぐしてから小骨を除去してフレークとした。このフレークを放冷し余分な水分を除去して水分量の調整を行った。得られた鮭フレークを16メッシュの篩を通過するまで解砕した。
【0027】
得られた鮭フレークの水分含量を測定したところ約60重量%であった。この鮭フレーク100Kgに中鎖脂肪酸を主体とする食用油脂8Kg,乳糖6Kg,食塩25kg,食用色素0.5Kgを添加し混合した。調味済みの鮭フレークをトレーに厚さ3cm程度に充填し、減圧乾燥機で10トールの減圧条件で20時間乾燥を行った。この際のヒータの加熱温度は80℃とした。得られた乾燥フレークは、水分含量が1.5重量%であった。これをそのまま食べても良好な食感であった。また、このものの加水復元性も良好であった。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、この発明によると凍結乾燥と比べ乾燥コストの低い、量産にさらに適した熱風乾燥や真空乾燥による乾燥方法を用いて、食感が硬くなくて柔らかくしかも加水復元性の良好な魚肉フレークを製造することができるようになったものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing dried fish flakes used for ingredients such as sprinkles and tea sauce.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Dried fish flakes used for sprinkling and tea making must be excellent in texture and hydrolyzability. For example, dry fish flakes used for sprinkling are not preferred as a hard texture, and moderate softness is preferred. In addition, when used for tea making, hydrolyzability is important, and this must be done in a short time. However, when the fish flakes are heated and dried by hot air drying to make tea, the tissue shrinks and becomes hard, and the hydrolyzability is poor. As a method for solving such problems, there has been proposed a method for producing fish flakes having good hydrolyzability by impregnating saccharides into strips of vegetables, meat, seafood and the like, followed by drying treatment (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A)). Sho 51-101145). Certainly, this method showed an improvement over the case where no saccharide impregnation treatment was performed, but it was still difficult to say that the hydrolyzability was sufficiently improved and the texture was hard and uncomfortable.
[0003]
Conventionally, lyophilization is considered to be the most effective as a method for drying foods imparting hydrolyzability, but it has been widely used so far. However, it has been pointed out that freeze-dried foods are porous and tend to collapse, and have a light texture and lack of texture. Therefore, as a method for improving the point that the freeze-dried food is easily broken by the polar and the lack of texture, a method of freeze-drying after adding a predetermined amount of edible oil to seafood has been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Sho 63-63). 98346). However, this method has a problem that since the amount of fats and oils used for the improvement is large, the oily texture remains, and the drying here is freeze-drying, so that the production cost is high.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is intended to obtain dried fish flakes having a good texture without drying hard fish and good hydrolyzability by heat drying which is an economical drying method rather than expensive freeze drying. .
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In this invention, the moisture content of the heat-treated fish flakes is adjusted to 40 to 70% by weight, and 5 to 40% by weight of fats and oils and 5 to 70% by weight of lactose are added to the dry weight of the fish flakes and stirred. The method for producing dried fish flakes (Claim 1), which is then dried by heating (Claim 1), and the method for producing dried fish flakes according to Claim 1, wherein the heat drying is hot air drying or vacuum drying (Claim 2). It is.
[0006]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The fish flakes used in this invention are obtained by processing fish meat, such as salmon, salmon, salmon, salmon, etc., that are usually used for food, by a known method. As an example, after the pretreatment step of removing the non-edible parts such as the head, internal organs, bones, and skin of the fish, boiled in boiling water containing 3% by weight of salt for 30 minutes, and further this Is crushed into flakes. As another method, a non-edible portion may be heat-treated without performing the pretreatment step for removing the non-edible portion, and then the non-edible portion may be removed. As the heating process, boil, steaming, microwave heating and the like can be adopted. In addition to this, any method can be adopted as the method for producing fish flakes.
[0007]
The size of the fish flakes is preferably crushed to a size that can pass through a sieve having an opening of 2 cm in order to ensure permeation of fats and oils and lactose described below. Moreover, it is arbitrary to crush to a size smaller than that according to the purpose. In the present invention, the fish flakes prepared as described above are used by adjusting the water content to 40 to 70% by weight, preferably 50 to 60% by weight. The moisture content is adjusted by natural dehydration, centrifugal dehydration, press dehydration, ventilation drying, or the like. To the fish flakes having been subjected to moisture adjustment, 5 to 40% by weight of fat and oil and 5 to 70% by weight of lactose are added to the dry weight, and this is stirred to allow the fat and milk sugar to penetrate into the fish flakes.
[0008]
If the moisture content of the fish flakes used in the present invention exceeds 70% by weight, the fat added to the fish flakes in the next step is prevented from penetrating into the fish flakes, and if it is less than 40% by weight, Lactose added to cannot fully dissolve. In the present invention, it is extremely important to add oil and fat and lactose in the above range in combination to the fish flakes, and it is possible to achieve the object of the present invention when both of them sufficiently penetrate into the fish flakes. JP-A-63-98346 discloses a technique for producing fish flakes having a soft texture by adding fats and oils to seafood and freeze-drying them, but this method uses a large amount of fats and oils. Thus, the texture is not preferred, and the drying method is limited to freeze-drying. However, the present invention aims to improve the texture by reducing the amount of fats and oils added by adding oils and fats together. In addition, it is possible to adopt low-cost ventilation drying or reduced-pressure drying as a drying method.
[0009]
The oils and fats used in the present invention may be those usually used for food, for example, edible oils and oils such as rapeseed oil, soybean oil, corn oil, sesame oil, coconut oil and palm oil, and edible refined processed oils and fats, preferably medium chain It is an edible refined processed fat with a high fatty acid content. These are used alone or in combination. In this invention, it is effective to add tocopherol or an emulsifier to prevent oxidation of fats and oils. The fats and oils are added in the range of 5 to 40% by weight, preferably 10 to 20% by weight, based on the dry weight of the fish flakes. If the addition of fats and oils exceeds 40% by weight with respect to the dry weight of the fish flakes whose water content has been adjusted, the fats and oils remain without being absorbed by the fish flakes, and the dried fish flakes become oily. It is not preferable. Moreover, if fats and oils are 5 weight%, the effect of fat addition is not enough, and it becomes dry fish flakes with a hard texture. In the present invention, it is preferable to use fish flakes with less oil and fat derived from fish meat. Fish fats and oils are rich in unsaturated fatty acids and easily oxidize, so their content may affect storage stability. In order to avoid such a situation, in the present invention, fish flakes from which oil and fat derived from fish meat have been removed in advance may be used in order to improve storage stability. The method for removing fats and oils derived from fish meat is a commonly used method. For example, a method of removing fats and oils in the pretreatment step or separating the fats and oils in the heating step is adopted.
[0010]
Lactose is added in an amount of 5 to 70% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight, based on the dry weight of the fish flakes whose water has been adjusted. When lactose is added in an amount exceeding 70% by weight based on the dry weight of the fish flakes, the fish meat contracts due to the osmotic pressure and inhibits the penetration of fats and oils. Furthermore, when lactose is added excessively, lactose does not dissolve and adheres to fish flakes, which is not preferable. Moreover, if lactose is less than 5 weight%, sufficient effect will not be acquired and it will become dry flakes with a hard texture. The present inventor has found that the above effects can be expected only when lactose is added in the above range among various sugars.
[0011]
In the present invention, the mechanism by which lactose exerts a specific effect is unknown, but it is presumed that having moderate water solubility has an influence. That is, the lactose added to the fish flakes dissolves in the water in the fish flakes and penetrates into the inside. Thereafter, lactose permeated in the drying process protects the protein and precipitates in the fish flakes as the water evaporates. Precipitated lactose is presumed to have the effect of suppressing the contraction while maintaining the tissue structure of the flakes. And since lactose is lower in water solubility than other saccharides and easily precipitates, it is presumed that lactose is excellent in the effect of suppressing shrinkage of fish flakes.
[0012]
Even if fats and lactose are added at the same time or one of them, the effect is not affected, and it is important to uniformly disperse them in fish flakes. Therefore, the fish flakes to which oil and fat and lactose are added are well mixed with stirring. The stirring and mixing may be performed by a usual method. For example, fish flakes to which fats and oils and lactose are added are stirred with a kneader. The added fats and lactose are heated in the subsequent drying step to improve the fluidity of fats and oils and the solubility of lactose, and promote penetration into fish flakes. Furthermore, in this invention, a seasoning, a coloring agent, a fragrance | flavor, etc. can also be added. These additions may be performed at the same time as or separately from the addition of fats and oils and lactose, or may be performed during the boil treatment in the heating process when making fish flakes.
[0013]
The fish flakes added with oil and fat and lactose as described above and mixed with stirring are dried by heating to obtain dried fish flakes. The moisture content of the dried fish flakes is preferably 5% by weight or less. If the water content exceeds 5% by weight, the storage stability may be lowered. The drying method is heat drying other than freeze drying, for example, hot air drying or vacuum drying. Hot air drying includes fluidized bed drying and the like, and includes all drying methods performed while ventilating. Vacuum drying includes vacuum drying, which includes all methods of drying under reduced pressure conditions but excludes freeze drying. The decompression condition may be 4.6 torr or more. For heating, a commonly used heating method such as heater heating, microwave heating, or far infrared heating is used.
[0014]
Test example 1 (addition amount of fats and oils and lactose)
The salmon processed into a fillet was steamed for 30 minutes with a steamer, and the bones were removed while loosening the steamed fish meat to 2 cm to cool it to make salmon flakes. The water content of the soot flakes was measured and found to be 50% by weight. Fats and lactose were added to the koji flakes. The fats and oils were edible palm oil, and the addition was made into 6 types of additive-free, 2.5 g, 5.0 g, 10.0 g, 20.0 g, and 35.0 g per 100 g of straw flakes. In addition, lactose was added in six types: no addition, 2.5 g, 5.0 g, 15.0 g, 35.0 g, and 50.0 g. In addition to this, 20 g of sodium chloride and 5 g of sodium glutamate were added and stirred to make the whole uniform. The fish flakes prepared as described above were laid on a tray to a thickness of 1 cm, and this was heated at 70 ° C. under a reduced pressure condition of 10 Torr, and dried until the water content became 5% by weight.
[0015]
The dried soy flakes thus obtained were subjected to sensory evaluation by 10 panelists. The evaluation was performed according to the following criteria with respect to two items of the texture of the fish flakes in a dry state and the restorability after 30 seconds of pouring hot water. The average of 10 panelists is shown in Table 1 (texture evaluation) and Table 2 (evaluation of hydrolyzability), respectively.
[0016]
Texture evaluation 5: Not hard and very good quality 4: Hard and good quality 3: Slightly hard but uncomfortable 2: Hard and unnatural texture 1: Hard and extremely unnatural texture Evaluation of hydrolyzability 5: Excellent 4: Excellent 3: Normal 2: Inferior 1: Very inferior
[Table 1]
Figure 0003825335
[0018]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003825335
[0019]
From the results of Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that the quality of the dried koji flakes with 5 to 40% by weight of fat and oil and 5 to 70% by weight of lactose is good. Moreover, it turns out that the quality of the dried soot flakes with the addition amount of fats and oils of 10 to 20% by weight and the addition amount of lactose of 10 to 30% by weight is particularly good. The fats and oils added in an amount of 70% by weight and the lactose added in an amount of 100% by weight did not look good when the fats and oils were separated from each other, and the tastes of the oils and fats were not good.
[0020]
Test example 2 (type of sugar)
The effect on the quality of dried fish flakes was investigated by changing the types of sugars used in combination with fats and oils. Heat the cocoon that has been processed into a fillet in boiling water for 30 minutes, loosen the boiled fish meat to about 1.5 cm, remove the bone, dehydrate the cocoon flakes with a centrifugal dehydrator, and make the moisture content of the cocoon flakes 50% by weight I made it. To 100 g of this koji flakes, 7.5 g of fat and oil, 5 g of sugar, 20 g of sodium chloride as a seasoning and 5 g of sodium glutamate were added and mixed. As fats and oils, commercially available salad oil was used, and as sugars, sucrose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, trehalose and dextrin were used. The soot flakes thus adjusted were spread on a colander, and hot air at 80 ° C. was passed through the colander for 2 hours to dry the moisture to 5%. The obtained dried soot flakes were subjected to sensory evaluation on the same criteria as in Test Example 1 by 10 panelists. The average score of this evaluation is shown in Table 3.
[0021]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003825335
[0022]
As can be seen from Table 3, only the addition of lactose had a high texture evaluation, and the other sugars had a low evaluation. Moreover, the thing which added dextrin and corn starch was a thing with a bad external appearance that white spotted powder adhered to the surface of the fish flakes.
[0023]
Test Example 3 (Moisture content of fish flakes)
The salmon processed into a fillet in advance was heat-treated with boiling water for 30 minutes, and the bone was removed while loosening the boiled fish meat to about 1 cm to obtain salmon flakes. The water content of the soot flakes was 80% by weight. The weight of the fish flakes was adjusted by drying with a hot air drier so that the moisture content would be 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% by weight, respectively. Add 7g of fat and oil, 5.0g of lactose, 20g of salt as a seasoning and 5g of sodium glutamate to 50g dry weight of the soy flakes with adjusted water content as described above. Ventilated for 2 hours and dried to 5% moisture. In addition, edible coconut oil was used for fats and oils. The obtained dried soot flakes were subjected to sensory evaluation on the same criteria as in Test Example 1 by 10 panelists. The average score of evaluation is shown in Table 4.
[0024]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003825335
[0025]
As can be seen from Table 4, the quality of fish flakes having a water content of 40 to 70% by weight was good, and the evaluation was particularly high at 50 to 60% by weight. When the water content was 80% by weight, the fish flakes were crushed and the appearance was poor.
[0026]
【Example】
A frozen rice cake (dress) was immersed in a water tank overnight and then thawed as a raw material. This cocoon was wholesaled into three pieces, and bones and skins were removed and processed into fillets. This was boiled with boiling water for 50 minutes, and then the fish meat was loosened and the small bones were removed to make flakes. The flakes were allowed to cool to remove excess water, and the water content was adjusted. The obtained soot flakes were crushed until they passed through a 16-mesh sieve.
[0027]
When the moisture content of the soot flakes obtained was measured, it was about 60% by weight. 8 kg of edible fats and oils mainly composed of medium-chain fatty acids, 6 kg of lactose, 25 kg of salt, and 0.5 kg of edible pigments were added to 100 kg of this potato flake and mixed. Seasoned rice cake flakes were filled in a tray to a thickness of about 3 cm and dried in a vacuum dryer under a reduced pressure condition of 10 Torr for 20 hours. The heating temperature of the heater at this time was 80 ° C. The obtained dried flakes had a water content of 1.5% by weight. Even if it was eaten as it was, it had a good texture. Moreover, the hydrolyzable property of this thing was also favorable.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, fish meat that is low in drying cost and more suitable for mass production, has a dry texture by hot air drying or vacuum drying, has a soft texture and is excellent in hydrolyzability. It is now possible to produce flakes.

Claims (2)

加熱処理した魚肉フレークの水分含量を40〜70重量%に調整し、この魚肉フレークの乾燥重量に対し5〜40重量%の油脂及び5〜70重量%の乳糖を加えて攪拌し、その後これを加熱乾燥することを特徴とする乾燥魚肉フレークの製造方法。The water content of the heat-treated fish flakes is adjusted to 40 to 70% by weight, and 5 to 40% by weight of fats and oils and 5 to 70% by weight of lactose are added to the dry weight of the fish flakes and stirred. A method for producing dried fish flakes, characterized by heating and drying. 加熱乾燥が熱風乾燥または真空乾燥である請求項1記載の乾燥魚肉フレークの製造方法。The method for producing dried fish flakes according to claim 1, wherein the heat drying is hot air drying or vacuum drying.
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