JP3802028B2 - Protective relay using photocurrent sensor - Google Patents

Description

となる。前記の入射光はさらに第一の光電流センサ１において検光子１５により、偏波面の回転角θ_１を強度に変調された光となる。この時検光子１５は偏光子１４に対し好ましくはプラス４５°またはマイナス４５°の角度に設置されており、第一の光電流センサ１の出射光は、検光子１５により、ｘ、ｙ方向の２成分の光Ｐ_１ｘ、Ｐ_１ｙに分けられ、次式で表される。

従来装置では、どちらか一方の光信号のみ用いており、ここでは光Ｐ_１ｘを使って説明する。
第一の光電流センサ１が検出する電流ｉ_１を正弦波交流信号とすると、第一の光電流センサ１の出射光Ｐ_１ｘは以下の式で表される。

ここで、Ｉ_１は流入電流の実効値、ω（＝２πｆ）は角周波数、ｆは電源周波数である。
第一の光電流センサ１の出射光Ｐ_１ｘは、光ファイバ伝送路３ｂに導かれて第二の光電流センサ２に至る。出射光Ｐ_１ｘは、第二の光電流センサ２が検出する電流ｉ_２（＝√２Ｉ_２ｓｉｎωｔ）によって発生する磁界によるファラデー効果を受け、電流ｉ_２の大きさに比例して偏波面が角度θ_２だけ回転する。第二の光電流センサ２の出射光はやはり、検光子１５により、ｘ、ｙ方向の２成分の光Ｐ_２ｘ、Ｐ_２ｙに分けられ、次式で表される。

ここで、第一の光電流センサ１の２つの出力のうちＰ_１ｘを選択しているので、第二の光電流センサ２の出射光として第一の光電流センサ１の出射光と同一の偏波方向となるＰ_２ｘを用いる。第一の光電流センサ１の２つの出力のうちＰ_１ｙを選択した場合は、第二の光電流センサ２の出射光としてはＰ_２ｙを用いる。
第二の光電流センサ２の出射光Ｐ_２ｘは光ファイバ伝送路３ｃに導かれて光電変換器１６に入射し、電気信号に変換された後、ハイパスフィルタ回路１７、ローパスフィルタ回路１８により直流成分と交流成分に分離され、割算器１９で交流成分を直流成分で除することにより、光電流センサによる差電流出力Ｓ_２ｘを得る。ここで割算器１９により直流成分で除する手法を用いているのは光信号が伝送される際の光量損失を補償するためである。光電流センサによる差電流出力Ｓ_２ｘは以下の式で表される。

ここで得られた光電流センサによる差電流出力Ｓ_２ｘには、第一の光電流センサ１が検出した電流ｉ_１と第二の光電流センサ２が検出した電流ｉ_２の差電流であるｉ_１＋ｉ_２の情報を有していることを以下に説明する。尚、電力系統の保護区間９への差電流がｉ_１＋ｉ_２と示されるのは、ｉ_１、ｉ_２の符号をともに電力系統の保護区間９への流入方向を＋、流出方向を−と定義したことによる。
第一の光電流センサ１が検出する電流ｉ_１及び第二の光電流センサ２が検出する電流ｉ_２が小電流である場合、

が成立し、（５ａ）式は、

となる。（８）式を（６）式に代入すると、

となり、光電流センサによる差電流出力Ｓ_２ｘは電力系統の保護区間９への差電流ｉ_１＋ｉ_２に比例した値となる。
しかしながら、（９）式は（７）式が成立するような小電流領域において成立するものであり、大電流領域では成立しない。
そこで本発明者らは、大電流領域でも電力系統の保護区間９への差電流ｉ_１＋ｉ_２を測定することができる光ファイバセンサを用いた保護継電装置として特願平１１−２２４８２１を出願している。
すなわち、（７）式が成立しないような大電流が流れた場合、（５ａ）式で示した第二の光電流センサ２の出射光Ｐ_２ｘは、

と表される。
ここでｓｉｎ（２√２Ｖ・Ｉ_ｎｓｉｎωｔ）をフーリエ級数展開することにより周波数成分毎に分解すると、以下の（１１）式で表せる。

ここでＪ_ｋ（ａ）はｋ次のＢｅｓｓｅｌ関数である
（１１）式の３次以降の項を微少であるとして無視し、以降の式を簡略に示すために、Ａ_１、Ａ_２を（１２ａ）（１２ｂ）式に示すとおりに定義する。

ここでＡ_１、Ａ_２は、電流の実効値Ｉ_１、Ｉ_２にベルデ定数を乗じ、１次のＢｅｓｓｅ１関数に代入したものであり、電流ｉ_ｎを（３）式に示すとおりの正弦波交流信号であるとすると、時間に関しては定数である。
この場合、（１０）式は、

で表せる。
（１２ｃ）式を展開し、三角関数の公式 ｓｉｎ^２φ＝（１／２）｛１−ｃｏｓ２φ｝を用いると、

となる。この時の光電流センサによる差電流出力Ｓ_２ｘは（１２ｄ）式を、（６）式に代入することにより（１３ａ）式のように表すことができる。ここで以降の式を簡略に示すために、（１２ａ）、（１２ｂ）式に示すＡ_１、Ａ_２を（１３ｂ）、（１３ｃ）に表すＢ_１、Ｂ_２でおきかえている。

ここでＢ_１、Ｂ_２は、時間に関して定数である。
（１３ａ）式に示すように光電流センサによる差電流出力Ｓ_２ｘは、第一項に示された電力系統の保護区間９への差電流ｉ_１＋ｉ_２の周波数成分、すなわち電源周波数成分の他に、第二項に示された電源周波数の２倍の周波数成分の項から成る。
ここで（１３ｂ）式の電源周波数成分の項Ｂ_１を計算により評価することを試みる。６６ｋＶから１５４ｋＶの電力系統において保護区間９への流入電流を３３ｋＡ以下のケースとする。このケースにおいて、波長１５５０ｎｍの鉛ガラスファイバ型光電流センサのベルデ定数Ｖ＝３．９３×１０^−６［ｒａｄ／Ａ］を用いる。これらの値を用いると、１≫２Ａ_１Ａ_２、Ｊ_１（２√２Ｖ・Ｉ_ｎ）≒２√２Ｖ・Ｉ_ｎという近似が成立する。このとき、（１３ｂ）式は（１３ｄ）式のように表すことができる。

計算の結果、近似による誤差は通電電流が実効値２４ｋＡで１％以下、通電電流が実効値３３ｋＡ以下で２％以下であり、波長１５５０ｎｍの鉛ガラスファイバ型光電流センサを用いた保護継電装置が故障判定演算に適用できる可能性が考えられる。
したがって、（１３ａ）式は、通電電流３３ｋＡ以下において、光電流センサによる差電流出力Ｓ_２ｘの電源周波数と同じ周波数成分においては、電力系統の保護区間９への差電流ｉ_１＋ｉ_２に比例した出力であるが、電源周波数の２倍の周波数成分が誤差成分として発生していることを意味する。
光電流センサによる差電流出力Ｓ_２ｘから、電源周波数成分の差電流検出手段５ｄにより、２倍の周波数成分を取り除くことにより、その出力を判定手段８に導き、電力系統の保護区間９への差電流ｉ_１＋ｉ_２に対して動作する保護継電装置が構成される。
上記従来の技術における説明では、電流信号が正弦波交流信号と仮定している。しかしながら、電力系統において短絡事故が発生した場合、電流信号は直流分が重畳され過渡的に減衰する信号となることを考慮する必要がある。この時、最も大きい直流分が重畳した場合、すなわち直流分１００％重畳の事故電流は以下の式で表される。

なお、τは電力系統のリアクタンス分と抵抗分の比から定まる減衰時定数である。（１４）式で表されるような過渡的に減衰する電流信号を（５ａ）、（６）式に代入しても、（１３ａ）式のように電源周波数成分ごとに分けて表すことはできない。そこで、電力系統の保護区間９に対して、保護区間外事故、保護区間内事故の各々の事故ケースについて、光電流センサによる差電流出力Ｓ_２ｘに含まれる誤差成分が及ぼす影響について考える。
図２は、光電流センサを用いた保護継電装置の動作を説明するための系統図である。電力系統の保護区間９の事故箇所として、ｆ１、ｆ３を保護区間外事故、ｆ２を保護区間内事故とする。以下電力系統の保護区間９の区間外事故を外部事故、電力系統の保護区間９の区間内事故を内部事故と呼ぶ。
また図２において、第一の光電流センサ１及び第二の光電流センサ２はそれぞれ電力系統の保護区間９の両端に設置されており、光ファイバ伝送路３ａないし３ｄにより、光源１２、第一の光信号処理部４ａ、第二の光信号処理部４ｂと接続されている。ここで第一の光電流センサ１は電流ｉ_１を検出し、第二の光電流センサ２は電流ｉ_２を検出する。
まず外部事故が発生した場合について考える。外部事故が発生した場合、電流ｉ_１、ｉ_２は、

が成立する。（１４）、（１５）式を（５ａ）式に代入すると、
Ｐ_２ｘ＝（１／４）Ｐ_０｛１＋ｓｉｎ２Ｖ・ｉ_１（ｔ）｝｛１−ｓｉｎ２Ｖ・ｉ_１（ｔ）｝となる。ここで、説明を簡単にするために、

とおいて、（１４）式を代入すると、（５ａ）式は、

となる。すなわち、従来の技術では事故電流が正弦波交流信号であれば外部事故時においては電力系統の保護区間９への差電流ｉ_１＋ｉ_２の電源周波数成分は０であるべきであるのに、直流分が重畳された過渡的に減衰する信号の場合は、（１６）式に示すとおり直流分が減衰するまでの間誤差信号が発生してしまう。
図７は、外部事故が発生し、直流分が重畳された事故電流であった場合、従来の技術では保護継電装置の不要動作が発生する可能性があることを説明するための図であり、以下に示す事故電流の値、光ファイバの定数を、（１４）、（５ａ）、（６）式に代入し、各部における信号の値を計算により求めたものである。
図７（ａ）は、外部事故のケースにおける（１４）式で表される直流分が重畳された事故電流信号を表しており、図７（ｂ）はこの時の第二の光電流センサ２からの光信号Ｐ_２ｘ／Ｐ_０を、図７（ｃ）は光電流センサによる差電流出力Ｓ_２ｘを、図７（ｄ）は光電流センサによる差電流出力Ｓ_２ｘの電源周波数成分の実効値Ｒ_２ｘをそれぞれ求めたものである。ここで光電流センサ１、２は波長１５５０ｎｍの鉛ガラスファイバ型光電流センサであるとし、そのベルデ定数Ｖは３．９３×１０^−６［ｒａｄ／Ａ］を用いている。事故電流Ｉ_１の大きさは実効値３３ｋＡ、電源周波数５０Ｈｚ、時定数τは５０ｍｓとしている。また光電流センサによる差電流出力の電源周波数の実効値Ｒ_２ｘを求める手段としては、デジタルリレー回路におけるデジタルフィルタ・実効値演算回路を用いた。既に公知の技術であるため、ここではそのアルゴリズムを紹介するに留める。
サンプリング ：電気角３０度
デジタルフィルタ：Ｄ．Ｆ．_１ｆ＝（１−Ｚ^−６）（１＋Ｚ^−１＋Ｚ^−２＋Ｚ^−３）
実効値演算 ：実効値^２ ＝Ｃ_ｎ−３ ^２−Ｃ_ｎ・Ｃ_ｎ−６
次に正弦波交流信号の場合との比較をするために、事故電流が（３）式で表される正弦波交流信号であった場合の事故電流を図７（ｅ）に示し、この時の第二の光電流サンサ２からの光信号Ｐ_２ｘ／Ｐ_０を図７（ｆ）に、光電流センサによる差電流出力Ｓ_２ｘを図７（ｇ）に、光電流センサによる差電流出力Ｓ_２ｘの電源周波数成分の実効値を図７（ｈ）それぞれに示す。
図７（ｈ）に示すとおり、外部事故において事故電流が正弦波交流信号であれば事故直後に短時間誤差信号が発生する（ピーク値４ｋＡ相当、０．０１秒間）が、リレーの不要動作には至らない程度である。一方、事故電流に直流分が重畳した過渡電流信号の場合は図７（ｄ）に示すとおり、無視できない程の時間、誤差信号が発生している（ピーク値２０ｋＡ相当、０．２秒間以上）。これは（１６）式に示したように直流分が減衰するまでの間、電源周波数成分が誤差信号として表れているためである。
次に内部事故における、従来の技術での光電流センサを用いた保護継電装置の動作を図７を用いて説明する。図７（ｉ）は図２に示す系統で内部事故が発生し、事故電流が（１４）式で表される直流分が１００％重畳された信号を示しており、この時の第二の電流センサ２からの光信号Ｐ_２ｘ／Ｐ_０を図７（ｊ）に、光電流センサによる差電流出力Ｓ_２ｘを図７（ｋ）に、光電流センサによる差電流出力Ｓ_２ｘの電源周波数成分の実効値を図７（ｌ）に示す。
図７（ｍ）は図２に示す系統で内部事故が発生し、事故電流が（３）式で表される正弦波交流信号であった場合を示しており、この時の第二の光電流センサ２からの光信号Ｐ_２ｘを図７（ｎ）に、光電流センサによる差電流出力Ｓ_２ｘを図７（ｏ）に、光電流センサによる差電流出力Ｓ_２ｘの電源周波数成分の実効値を図７（ｐ）に示す。
図７（ｌ）、図７（ｐ）に示すとおり区間内事故に関しては、従来の技術で良好な動作が得られる。
以上説明したように従来の技術においては、直流分が重畳された事故電流であった場合、内部事故のケースでは正常に検出するものの、外部事故のケースで内部事故が発生したかのような誤差信号が発生する場合がある。
本発明の目的とするところは、直流分が重畳された事故電流を検出した場合においても内部事故発生時の検出はもとより、外部事故発生時でも内部事故と見誤ることなく判別しリレーの不要動作をしない光電流センサを用いる保護継電装置を提案することである。
発明の開示
そこで本発明は、電力系統の保護区間の両端に入出力電流を個別に測定する二台の第一及び第二の光電流センサを配置し、前記第一の光電流センサは、入射端と、前記入射端に設けられた偏光子の偏光方向に対してプラス４５度及びマイナス４５度の二つの偏光方向で検光を行う検光子と、それぞれの検光成分に対する出射端とを有しており、光源と前記第一の光電流センサとの間、前記第一及び第二の光電流センサ同士および前記第二の光電流センサと光信号処理部の間を光ファイバ伝送で接続し、前記光信号処理部の出力信号から差電流成分を検出する差電流検出手段と、前記光信号処理部の出力信号から和電流成分を検出する和電流検出手段と、前記差電流検出手段の出力から動作量を求める動作量演算手段と、前記差電流検出手段の出力と前記和電流検出手段の出力から抑制量を求める抑制量演算手段と、前記動作量演算手段の出力と前記抑制量演算手段の出力から動作比率を求める動作比率演算手段と、前記動作量演算手段の出力と前記動作比率演算手段の出力より前記電力系統の保護区間内の事故か保護区間外の事故かを判別する判定手段とを備える光電流センサを用いる保護継電装置を提供するものである。
また、本発明は、電力系統の保護区間の両端に入出力電流を個別に測定する二台の第一及び第二の光電流センサを配置し、前記第一の光電流センサは入射端と、前記入射端に設けられた偏光子の偏光方向に対してプラス４５度及びマイナス４５度の二つの偏光方向で検光を行う検光子と、それぞれの検光成分に対する出射端とを有しており、光源と前記第一の光電流センサとの間、前記第一及び第二の光電流センサ同士および前記第二の光電流センサと光信号処理部の間を光ファイバ伝送で接続し、前記光信号処理部の出力信号から差電流成分を検出する差電流検出手段と、前記光信号処理部の出力信号から和電流成分を検出する和電流検出手段と、前記差電流検出手段の出力および前記和電流検出手段の出力から個別の入出力電流を求める補正演算手段と、前記補正演算手段から動作量を求める動作量演算手段と、前記補正演算手段から抑制量を求める抑制量演算手段と、前記動作量演算手段の出力と前記抑制量演算手段の出力から動作比率を求める動作比率演算手段と、前記動作量演算手段の出力と前記動作比率演算手段の出力より前記電力系統の保護区間内の事故か保護区間外の事故かを判別する判定手段とを備える光電流センサを用いる保護継電装置を提供するものである。
。
また、本発明は、保護区間を有する電力系統の事故を監視するための保護継電装置であって、前記保護継電装置は、
所定の光信号を出射する光源と、
前記の電力系統の保護区間の一端側に配置された第１の光電流センサであって、該第１の光電流センサは、前記光源からの前記光信号を受け、前記電力系統の保護区間の一端側に流れる第１の電流の大きさに比例して前記の光信号の偏波面を回転させ、偏波面が回転させられた前記光信号のうち少なくとも一方向の成分の第１の光信号を放射する第１の光電流センサと、
前記の電力系統の保護区間の他端側に配置された第２の光電流センサであって、該第２の光電流センサは、前記第１の光電流センサからの前記第１の光信号を受け、前記電力系統の保護区間の他端側に流れる第２の電流の大きさに比例して、前記第１の光信号の偏波面をさらに回転させ、偏波面がさらに回転させれた前記第１の光信号のうちの一方向成分の第２の光信号と他方向成分の第３の光信号とを放射する第２の光電流センサと、
前記第２の光信号から、前記第１の電流と前記第２の電流との差である差電流出力を求める第１の光信号処理部と、
前記第３の光信号から、前記第１の電流と前記第２の電流との和である和電流出力を求める第２の光信号処理部と、
前記第１の光信号処理部の前記差電流出力を検出する差電流検出手段と、
前記第２の光信号処理部の前記和電流出力を検出する和電流検出手段と、
前記差電流検出手段の出力から動作量を求める動作量演算手段と、
前記差電流検出手段の出力と前記和電流検出手段の出力とから抑制量を求める抑制量演算手段と、
前記動作量演算手段の出力と前記抑制量演算手段の出力とから動作比率を求める動作比率演算手段と、
前記動作量演算手段の出力と前記動作比率演算手段の出力とにより前記電力系統の前記保護区間の内側の事故か前記保護区間の外側の事故かを判別する判定手段とを備えた保護継電装置を提供するものである。
また、本発明は、保護区間を有する電力系統の事故を監視するための保護継電装置であって、前記保護継電装置は、
所定の光信号を出射する光源と、
前記の電力系統の保護区間の一端側に配置された第１の光電流センサであって、該第１の光電流センサは、前記光源からの前記光信号を受け、前記電力系統の保護区間の一端側に流れる第１の電流の大きさに比例して前記の光信号の偏波面を回転させ、偏波面が回転させられた前記光信号のうち少なくとも一方向の成分の第１の光信号を放射する第１の光電流センサと、
前記の電力系統の保護区間の他端側に配置された第２の光電流センサであって、該第２の光電流センサは、前記第１の光電流センサからの前記第１の光信号を受け、前記電力系統の保護区間の他端側に流れる第２の電流の大きさに比例して、前記第１の光信号の偏波面をさらに回転させ、偏波面がさらに回転させれた前記第１の光信号のうちの一方向成分の第２の光信号と他方向成分の第３の光信号とを放射する第２の光電流センサと、
前記第２の光信号から、前記第１の電流と前記第２の電流との差である差電流出力を求める第１の光信号処理部と、
前記第３の光信号から、前記第１の電流と前記第２の電流との和である和電流出力を求める第２の光信号処理部と、
前記第１の光信号処理部の前記差電流出力を検出する差電流検出手段と、
前記第２の光信号処理部の前記和電流出力を検出する和電流検出手段と、
前記差電流検出手段の出力と前記和電流検出手段の出力とから個別の入出力電流を求める補正演算手段と、
前記補正演算手段の出力から動作量を求める動作量演算手段と、
前記補正演算手段の出力から抑制量を求める抑制量演算手段と、
前記動作量演算手段の出力と前記抑制量演算手段の出力とから動作比率を求める動作比率演算手段と、
前記動作量演算手段の出力と前記動作比率演算手段の出力とにより前記電力系統の保護区間の内側の事故か保護区間の外側の事故かを判別する判定手段とを備えた保護継電装置を提供するものである。
また、本発明は、保護区間を有する電力系統の事故を検出するための方法であって、
前記の電力系統の保護区間の一端側に第１の光電流センサを配置するステップと、
前記第１の光電流センサにより、前記電力系統の保護区間の一端側に流れる第１の電流の大きさを感知するステップと、
前記の電力系統の保護区間の他端側に第２の光電流センサを配置するステップと、
前記第２の光電流センサにより、前記電力系統の保護区間の他端側に流れる第２の電流の大きさを感知するステップと、
前記第１の電流と前記第２の電流との差である差電流出力を求めるステップと、
前記第１の電流と前記第２の電流との和である和電流出力を求めるステップと、
前記差電流出力から動作量を求めるステップと、
前記差電流出力と前記和電流出力とから抑制量を求めるステップと、
前記動作量と前記抑制量とから動作比率を求めるステップと、
前記動作量と前記動作比率出力とにより前記電力系統の保護区間の内側の事故か保護区間の外側の事故かを判別するステップとを備えた、電力系統の事故を検出するための方法を提供するものである。
さらに、本発明は、保護区間を有する電力系統の事故を検出するための方法であって、
前記の電力系統の保護区間の一端側に第１の光電流センサを配置するステップと、
前記第１の光電流センサにより、前記電力系統の保護区間の一端側に流れる第１の電流の大きさを感知するステップと、
前記の電力系統の保護区間の他端側に第２の光電流センサを配置するステップと、
前記第２の光電流センサにより、前記電力系統の保護区間の他端側に流れる第２の電流の大きさを感知するステップと、
前記第１の電流と前記第２の電流との差である差電流出力を求めるステップと、
前記第１の電流と前記第２の電流との和である和電流出力を求めるステップと、
前記差電流出力と前記和電流出力とから個別の入出力電流を求めるステップと、
前記入出力電流から動作量を求めるステップと、
前記入出力電流から抑制量を求めるステップと、
前記動作量と前記抑制量とから動作比率を求めるステップと、
前記動作量と前記動作比率とにより前記電力系統の保護区間の内側の事故か保護区間の外側の事故かを判別するステップとを備えた、電力系統の事故を検出するための方法を提供するものである。
発明を実施するための最良の形態
以下本発明の実施の形態について添付図面を参照して説明する。
従来の技術の（５ａ）、（５ｂ）式に示したように、光電流センサからの出力信号はｘ、ｙ方向の２成分の光Ｐ_２ｘ、Ｐ_２ｙがあり、従来の技術においてはこのどちらか一方しか用いていない。使用していない方の光信号を用いれば、直流分が重畳した外部事故が発生した場合でも内部事故と誤って判定することがないこと、すなわち、外部事故か内部事故かを判別することが可能であることを以下に説明する。
図１は本発明の光電流センサを用いる保護継電装置の実施の形態を示す説明図である。光電流センサによる差電流信号Ｓ_２ｘを求めるために光信号Ｐ_２ｘを用いたのと同様に光信号Ｐ_２ｙ信号を用いる。
光信号Ｐ_２ｘより得られる光電流センサによる差電流信号Ｓ_２ｘが、第一の光電流センサ１が検出した電流ｉ_１と第二の光電流センサ２が検出した電流ｉ_２の差電流であるｉ_１＋ｉ_２の情報を有しているのに対し、光信号Ｐ_２ｙからはｉ_１とｉ_２の和電流であるｉ_１−ｉ_２の情報を有している和電流出力Ｓ_２ｙを得ることができることを以下に説明する。尚、電力系統の保護区間９への和電流がｉ_１−ｉ_２と示されるのは、ｉ_１，ｉ_２の符号をともに電力系統の保護区間９への流入方向を＋、流出方向を−と定義したことによる。
尚、以下の説明では「従来の技術」の項で参照した図及び式において、同一もしくは相当する部分には同一符号を付してその説明は省略する。
図１は、偏光子１４、ファラデー素子１１及び検光子１５よりなる第一の光電流センサ１と、第一の光電流センサ１と同様に構成される第二の光電流センサ２と、光源１２と、光電変換器１６、ハイパスフィルタ回路１７、ローパスフィルタ回路１８及び割算器１９よりなる第一の光信号処理部４ａと、第一の光信号処理部４ａと同様に構成される第二の光信号処理部４ｂと、光源１２と第一の光電流センサ１間の光信号を伝送する光ファイバ伝送路３ａと、第一の光電流センサ１と第二の光電流センサ２間の光信号を伝送する光ファイバ伝送路３ｂと、第二の光電流センサ２の２つの出射端のうち差電流情報を有する光信号Ｐ_２ｘを出射する出射端と第一の光信号処理部４ａとを伝送する光ファイバ伝送路３ｃと、第二の光電流センサ２の２つの出射端のうち和電流情報を有する光信号Ｐ_２ｙを出射する出射端と第二の光信号処理部４ｂとを伝送する光ファイバ伝送路３ｄと、第一の光信号処理部４ａからの差電流出力Ｓ_２ｘを検出する差電流検出手段５ａと、第二の光信号処理部４ｂからの和電流出力Ｓ_２ｙを検出する差電流検出手段５ｂと、差電流検出手段５ａの出力から動作量を求める動作量演算手段６ａと、差電流検出手段５ａと和電流検出手段５ｂの出力から抑制量を求める抑制量演算手段６ｂと、動作量演算手段６ａと抑制量演算手段６ｂから動作比率を求める動作比率演算手段７と、動作量検出手段６ａの出力及び動作比率演算手段７の出力より電力系統の保護区間内の事故か区間外の事故かを判別する判定手段８とより構成される。
第一の光電流センサ１及び第二の光電流センサ２の、電力系統の保護区間９への設置の状況及び、光信号処理部４ａの構成は従来の技術と同様であり、光信号処理部４ａからは光電流センサによる差電流出力Ｓ_２ｘを得る。
一方光ファイバ伝送手段３ｄにより導かれる光信号は（５ｂ）式に述べたＰ_２ｙ信号である。第二の光電流センサ２からのもう一つの光信号であるＰ_２ｙは光ファイバ伝送路３ｄに導かれ第二の光信号処理部４ｂの光電変換器１６に入射し、同様の信号処理により、光電流センサによる和電流出力Ｓ_２ｙを得る。光電流センサによる和電流出力Ｓ_２ｙは以下の式で表される。

ここで、（５ａ）、（５ｂ）式に対して、（７）式の近似を用いると、（６）式のＳ_２ｘ及び（１７）式のＳ_２ｙは以下のように簡略に表すことができる。

ここで α_０＝２Ｖであり、Ｖは光電流センサのベルデ定数である。
ここで、（１８ａ）式の第一項がＳ_２ｘ信号に含まれる差電流成分、第２項がＳ_２ｘ信号に含まれる誤差信号成分δ_ｘである。
同様に、（１８ｂ）式の第一項がＳ_２ｙ信号に含まれる和電流成分、第２項がＳ_２ｙ信号に含まれる誤差信号成分δ_ｙである。
δ_ｘ、δ_ｙは直流分が重畳された過渡的に減衰する信号によるもので、（１６）式に表したように、直流分が減衰するまでの間生じてしまう。
一般に保護継電器に用いられる比率差動継電器の動作比率ｋは動作量ｍと抑制量ｎの比として以下の式で表される。

ここで｜ｉ_１＋ｉ_２｜は差電流ｉ_１＋ｉ_２の実効値を、｜ｉ_１｜及び｜ｉ_２｜はそれぞれｉ_１の実効値、ｉ_２の実効値を表すものとする。
（１８ａ）（１８ｂ）式には誤差信号δ_ｘ、δ_ｙが含まれるが、仮に無視できる大きさであると仮定し、差電流検出手段５ａで求められたＳ_２ｘ及び和電流検出手段５ｂで求められたＳ_２ｙを用いて（１９）式で表される動作比率ｋを求める手法を以下に示す。
（２０ａ）式の動作量ｍは図１の動作量演算手段６ａで（２１ａ）式のとおり求められる。

（２０ｂ）式の抑制量ｎは抑制量演算手段６ｂで（２１ｂ）式のとおり求められる。

動作比率ｋは動作比率演算手段７において（２１ａ）式及び（２１ｂ）式を（１９）式に代入することで求められる。

動作量演算手段６ａで求められた動作量ｍと、動作比率検出演算７で求められた動作比率ｋは、判定手段８において、動作量整定値をｋ１、動作比率整定値をｋ２とした時、ｍ＞ｋ１かつｋ＞ｋ２の時内部事故と判定することにより、直流分が重畳した事故電流であったとしても、外部事故においても不要動作を防ぐことができる。
上記（２１ａ）式、（２２）式で求められた動作量ｍ、動作比率ｋは、（１８ａ）、（１８ｂ）式に示す誤差成分δ_ｘおよびδ_ｙが仮に無視できる大きさであると仮定して求めているが、誤差成分の大きさは、事故電流の大きさおよび適用される電流センサの感度によって変動する。しかしながら外部事故発生時と、内部事故発生時に動作比率ｋに大きな差異があれば、判定手段８において、事故が保護区間の内部であるか、外部であるかを判別することができる。
以下に実際の電力系統において前記手法により、事故が保護区間の内部であるか、外部であるかを判別することが可能であることを計算により確認する。
想定する電力系統の最大事故電流を３３ｋＡとし、直流分が１００％重畳されたものとし、時定数τ＝１００ｍｓとする。適用する光ファイバセンサは従来技術と同様の、波長１５５０ｎｍの鉛ガラスファイバ型光電流センサであるとし、そのベルデ定数Ｖは３．９３×１０^−６［ｒａｄ／Ａ］を用いる。
電力系統の保護区間９に対して、外部事故、内部事故の各々の事故ケースについて、本発明の光電流センサを用いた保護継電装置の動作を説明するために、従来の技術で説明したのと同様に図２の系統図を用いる。
外部事故は図２に示す系統において事故箇所ｆ１とｆ３の２通りが考えられるが、どちらも同等と考えられるのでここではｆ１を外部事故の代表例とする。
内部事故のケースは、電源配置が両端か、ｆ１側の片端電源、ｆ３側の片端電源の３通りが考えられる。片側電源はｆ１側、ｆ３側でも同様と考えられるのでｆ１側を代表例とする。
両側電源配置における事故発生のケースでは、ｉ_１、ｉ_２は

として考えるものとする。
片端電源配置における事故発生のケースでは、

とする。
図３は（２２）式より求められた動作比率ｋが内部事故と外部事故において十分大きな差があることを説明するための図であり、先に示した事故電流の値、光ファイバの定数を、（１４）、（５ａ）、（５ｂ）、（６）、（１７）、（２１ａ）、（２１ｂ）、（２２）式に代入し、計算により求めたものである。
なお、動作量演算手段６ａ及び抑制量演算手段６ｂで電源周波数成分の実効値｜Ｓ_２ｘ｜、｜Ｓ_２ｘ＋Ｓ_２ｙ｜及び｜Ｓ_２ｘ−Ｓ_２ｙ｜を求める手段として、従来技術と同様に以下のアルゴリズムで計算した。
サンプリング ：電気角３０度
ディジタルフィルタ：Ｄ．Ｆ．_１ｆ＝（１−Ｚ^−６）（１＋Ｚ^−１＋Ｚ^−２＋Ｚ^−３）
実効値演算 ：実効値^２＝Ｃ_ｎ−３ ^２−Ｃ_ｎ・Ｃ_ｎ−６
図３（ａ）は（１４）式で表される直流分が重畳された事故電流ｉ_１（ｔ）を示しており、事故電流ｉ_１＝３３ｋＡの波形を示している。図３（ｂ）ないし（ｄ）は外部事故のケースであり、図３（ｂ）は動作量ｍを、図３（ｃ）は抑制量ｎを、図３（ｄ）は動作比率ｋをそれぞれ示している。事故電流はｉ_１＝３３ｋＡ、２４ｋＡ、１５ｋＡ、９ｋＡの４通りを示している。
同様に図３（ｅ）ないし図３（ｇ）は内部事故両側電源配置の場合であり、図３（ｅ）は動作量ｍを、図３（ｆ）は抑制量ｎを図３（ｇ）は動作比率ｋをそれぞれ示している。事故電流は以下の４通りを示している。
ｉ_１＝＋１６．５ｋＡ、ｉ_２＝＋１６．５ｋＡ、
ｉ_１＝＋１２．０ｋＡ、ｉ_２＝＋１２．０ｋＡ、
ｉ_１＝＋ ７．５ｋＡ、ｉ_２＝＋ ７．５ｋＡ、
ｉ_１＝＋ ４．５ｋＡ、ｉ_２＝＋ ４．５ｋＡ
図３（ｈ）ないし図３（ｊ）は内部事故片端電源配置の場合であり、図３（ｈ）は動作量ｍを、図３（ｉ）は抑制量ｎを図３（ｊ）は動作比率ｋをそれぞれ示している。事故電流はｉ_１＝３３ｋＡ、２４ｋＡ、１５ｋＡ、９ｋＡの４通りを示している。
外部事故ケースの動作比率ｋを示す図３（ｄ）と、内部事故両側電源配置、内部事故片側電源配置の各ケースにおける動作比率ｋを示す図３（ｇ）、図３（ｊ）を比較すると明らかなように、動作比率ｋは内部事故ケースにおいては片端電源の場合および両端電源の場合とも１００％であるが、外部事故ケースでは一時的に２０数％まで上昇しているが内部事故と比較するとあきらかに小さな値である。
よって動作比率整定値ｋ２を決定するには、外部事故において一時的に上昇する動作比率ｋの値より大きな値を設けることにより、判定手段８において動作量ｍが動作量整定値ｋ１より大きいとしても、動作比率ｋが動作比率整定値ｋ２より小さいならば外部事故であると判定し、保護継電装置の不要動作を防ぐことができる。
図４は本発明の光電流センサを用いる保護継電装置の他の実施の形態例を示す説明図である。以下の説明では、前記従来の技術及び前記実施の形態で参照した図及び式において、同一もしくは相当する部分には同一符号を付してその説明は省略する。
第一の光電流センサ１、第二の光電流センサ２、光源１２、光信号処理回路４ａ、光ファイバ伝送手段３ａ、３ｂ、３ｃ、３ｄ、第一の光信号処理部４ａ、第二の光信号処理部４ｂ、差電流検出手段５ａ、和電流検出手段５ｂと、差電流検出手段５ａの出力および和電流検出手段５ｂからの出力から個別の入出力電流を求める補正演算手段５ｃ、補正演算手段５ｃの出力から動作量を求める動作量演算手段６ｃ、補正演算手段５ｃの出力から抑制量を求める抑制量演算手段６ｄ、動作量演算手段６ｃの出力および抑制量演算手段６ｄの出力から動作比率を求める動作比率演算手段７、動作量検出手段６ｃの出力及び動作比率演算手段７の出力より電力系統の保護区間内の事故か区間外の事故かを判別する判定手段８より構成される。
ここで、（５ａ）、（５ｂ）式に対して、（７）式の近似を用いて、以下のように書き改める。

この時、差電流検出手段５ａからの出力Ｓ_２ｘ、和電流検出手段５ｂからの出力Ｓ_２ｙは以下のように表される。

ここで、（２６ａ）式の第一項がＳ_２ｘ信号に含まれる誤差電流成分、第２項がＳ_２ｘ信号に含まれる誤差信号成分α_０ ^２（ｉ_１・ｉ_２）である。同様に、（２６ｂ）式の第一項がＳ_２ｙ信号に含まれる和電流成分、第２項がＳ_２ｙ信号に含まれる誤差信号成分である。
次に、差電流検出手段５ａからの出力Ｓ_２ｘ、和電流検出手段５ｂからの出力Ｓ_２ｙを補正演算手段５ｃにおいて、以下の通り誤差成分α_０ ^２（ｉ_１・ｉ_２）を除去する。すなわち、（２７ａ）から（２７ｃ）に示すとおり、Ｓ_ｚ１、Ｓ_ｚ２、Ｓ_ｚ３を定義し、（２８ａ）、（２８ｂ）式のとおりｉ_１、ｉ_２を求める。

補正演算手段５ｃで求められたｉ_１、ｉ_２を用いて、動作量演算手段６ｃ、抑制量演算手段６ｄにおいて以下の（２９ａ）、（２９ｂ）式により動作量ｍと抑制量ｎが求められる。

動作量演算手段６ｃ、抑制量演算手段６ｄにおいて以下の（２９ａ）、（２９ｂ）式により求められた動作量ｍと、抑制量ｎは動作比率演算手段７において（３０）式により動作比率ｋが求められる。

動作量演算手段６ｃで求められた動作量ｍと、動作比率演算手段７で求められた動作比率ｋは、判定手段８において、動作量整定値をｋ１、動作比率整定値をｋ２とした時、ｍ＞ｋ１かつｋ＞ｋ２の時内部事故と判定することにより、直流分が重畳した事故電流であったとしても、外部事故においても不要動作を防ぐことができる。
図５は（３０）式より求められた動作比率ｋが内部事故と外部事故において十分大きな差があることを説明するための図であり、前記実施の形態の図３を示す際の計算に用いたのと同様の条件のもとに計算した結果を示すものである。
図５（ａ）は（１４）式で表される直流分が重畳された事故電流ｉ_ｎ（ｔ）を示しており、事故電流実効値Ｉ_ｎ＝３３ｋＡの波形を示している。図５（ｂ）ないし（ｄ）は外部事故のケースであり、図５（ｂ）は動作量ｍを、図５（ｃ）は抑制量ｎを図５（ｄ）は動作比率ｋを示している。事故電流はｉ_１＝３３ｋＡ、２４ｋＡ、１５ｋＡ、９ｋＡの４通りを示している。
同様に図５（ｅ）ないし図５（ｇ）は内部事故両側電源配置の場合であり、図５（ｅ）は動作量ｍを、図５（ｆ）は抑制量ｎを図５（ｇ）は動作比率ｋを示している。事故電流は以下の４通りを示している。
ｉ_１＝＋１６．５ｋＡ、ｉ_２＝＋１６．５ｋＡ、
ｉ_１＝＋１２．０ｋＡ、ｉ_２＝＋１２．０ｋＡ、
ｉ_１＝＋ ７．５ｋＡ、ｉ_２＝＋ ７．５ｋＡ、
ｉ_１＝＋ ４．５ｋＡ、ｉ_２＝＋ ４．５ｋＡ
図５（ｈ）ないし図５（ｊ）は内部事故片端電源配置の場合であり、図５（ｈ）は動作量ｍを、図５（ｉ）は抑制量ｎを図５（ｊ）は動作比率ｋを示している。事故電流はｉ_１＝３３ｋＡ、２４ｋＡ、１５ｋＡ、９ｋＡの４通りを示している。
外部事故時ケースの図５（ｄ）と、内部事故ケースの図５（ｇ）、図５（ｊ）を比較すると明らかなように、動作比率ｋは内部事故ケースにおいては片端電源の場合および両端電源の場合とも１００％であるが、外部事故ケースでは動作比率ｋが一時的に５％まで上昇しているが内部事故と比較するとあきらかに小さな値である。
上記のように内部故障発生時に一時的に上昇する動作比率ｋの値より大きな値の動作比率整定値ｋ２を設けることにより、判定手段８において動作量ｍが動作量整定値ｋ１より大きいとしても、動作比率ｋが動作比率整定値ｋ２より小さいならば外部事故であると判定し、保護継電装置の不要動作を防ぐことができる。
産業上の利用の可能性
以上説明したように、本発明による光電流センサによる保護継電装置によれば外部事故が発生したとしてもリレーの不要動作を防ぐことが可能になる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
図１は、本発明による実施の形態を示し、光電流センサを用いる保護継電装置を説明する構成図である。
図２は、本発明による実施の形態を示し、光電流センサを用いる保護継電装置を説明する系統図である。
図３は、本発明の実施の形態に従って事故電流を測定したときの出力波形の一例である。
図４は、本発明による他の実施の形態を示し、光電流センサを用いる保護継電装置を説明する構成図である。
図５は、本発明による他の実施の形態に従って事故電流を測定したときの出力波形の一例である。
図６は、従来技術の光電流センサを用いる保護継電装置の説明図である。
図７は、従来技術に従って事故電流を測定したときの出力波形の一例である。 Technical field
The present invention relates to a protective relay device that uses the Faraday effect to measure and monitor a current flowing through a conductor of a power facility.
Background art
Conventionally, in a protective relay device in a power system, a current signal of a device conductor detected by a current transformer is transmitted to the protective relay device, and the protective relay device performs calculation and determination for failure determination. For the purpose of reducing the cost and weight of this protective relay device, a protective relay device using a photocurrent sensor having a differential operation function has been proposed in place of the conventional current measuring method using a wound current transformer. Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-59987 and Japanese Patent Application No. 11-224821 have been filed.
For example, as shown in FIG. 6, a conventional protective relay device using a photocurrent sensor is similar to the first photocurrent sensor 1 including a polarizer 14, a Faraday element 11, and an analyzer 15. The light comprising the second photocurrent sensor 2, the optical fiber transmission lines 3a, 3b, 3c, the light source 12, the photoelectric converter 16, the high-pass filter circuit 17, the low-pass filter circuit 18, and the divider 19. The signal processing unit 4a, a power source frequency component difference current detection means 5d, and a determination means 8 are configured.
The first photocurrent sensor 1 and the second photocurrent sensor 2 are provided at both ends of the protection section 9 of the power system. Here, the current detected by the first photocurrent sensor 1 is i₁, The current detected by the second photocurrent sensor 2 is i₂In both cases, the inflow direction to the protection section 9 of the power system is + and the outflow direction is −. The propagation direction of light in the first photocurrent sensor 1 is the current i detected by the first photocurrent sensor 1.₁The direction of propagation of light in the second photocurrent sensor 2 is the current i detected by the second photocurrent sensor 2.₂Are provided so as to coincide with the magnetic field generated by.
Light P emitted from the light source 12 that emits light of a predetermined wavelength₀Reaches the first photocurrent sensor 1 by the optical fiber transmission line 3a. Light P from light source 12₀Becomes linearly polarized light by the polarizer 14 of the first photocurrent sensor 1, and this linearly polarized light enters the Faraday element 11. Incident light is a current i₁Under the Faraday effect due to the magnetic field generated by₁The plane of polarization is proportional to the angle of θ₁Only rotate. Current i detected by the first photocurrent sensor 1₁And the rotation angle θ of the polarization plane₁When the Verde constant is V

It becomes. The incident light is further subjected to the rotation angle θ of the polarization plane by the analyzer 15 in the first photocurrent sensor 1.₁The light is modulated in intensity. At this time, the analyzer 15 is preferably installed at an angle of plus 45 ° or minus 45 ° with respect to the polarizer 14, and the light emitted from the first photocurrent sensor 1 is transmitted in the x and y directions by the analyzer 15. Two component light P_1x, P_1yIt is divided into the following formulas.

In the conventional apparatus, only one of the optical signals is used._1xTo explain.
Current i detected by the first photocurrent sensor 1₁Is a sinusoidal AC signal, the emitted light P of the first photocurrent sensor 1_1xIs represented by the following equation.

Where I₁Is the effective value of the inflow current, ω (= 2πf) is the angular frequency, and f is the power supply frequency.
Output light P of the first photocurrent sensor 1_1xIs guided to the optical fiber transmission line 3 b and reaches the second photocurrent sensor 2. Outgoing light P_1xIs the current i detected by the second photocurrent sensor 2₂(= √2I₂sin Ft), the current i₂The plane of polarization is proportional to the angle of θ₂Only rotate. The light emitted from the second photocurrent sensor 2 is also subjected to the two-component light P in the x and y directions by the analyzer 15._2x, P_2yIt is divided into the following formulas.

Here, of the two outputs of the first photocurrent sensor 1, P_1xIs selected, so that the output light of the second photocurrent sensor 2 has the same polarization direction as that of the output light of the first photocurrent sensor 1._2xIs used. Of the two outputs of the first photocurrent sensor 1, P_1yIs selected, the light emitted from the second photocurrent sensor 2 is P_2yIs used.
Output light P of the second photocurrent sensor 2_2xIs guided to the optical fiber transmission line 3c, enters the photoelectric converter 16 and is converted into an electric signal, and then is separated into a DC component and an AC component by the high-pass filter circuit 17 and the low-pass filter circuit 18, and the divider 19 By dividing the AC component by the DC component, the differential current output S by the photocurrent sensor is obtained._2xGet. Here, the method of dividing by the DC component by the divider 19 is used in order to compensate for the light amount loss when the optical signal is transmitted. Differential current output S by photocurrent sensor_2xIs represented by the following equation.

The differential current output S by the photocurrent sensor obtained here_2xIncludes the current i detected by the first photocurrent sensor 1.₁And the current i detected by the second photocurrent sensor 2₂Is the difference current of₁+ I₂The following information will be described. The difference current to the protection section 9 of the power system is i₁+ I₂Is indicated by i₁, I₂This is because the inflow direction to the protection section 9 of the power system is defined as + and the outflow direction is defined as −.
Current i detected by the first photocurrent sensor 1₁And the current i detected by the second photocurrent sensor 2₂Is a small current,

(5a) is

It becomes. Substituting equation (8) into equation (6),

The differential current output S by the photocurrent sensor_2xIs the difference current i to the protection section 9 of the power system₁+ I₂The value is proportional to.
However, equation (9) is established in a small current region where equation (7) is established, and is not established in a large current region.
Therefore, the present inventors have determined the difference current i to the protection section 9 of the power system even in a large current region.₁+ I₂Japanese Patent Application No. 11-224821 has been filed as a protective relay device using an optical fiber sensor capable of measuring the above.
That is, when a large current that does not hold Expression (7) flows, the emitted light P of the second photocurrent sensor 2 shown by Expression (5a)_2xIs

It is expressed.
Where sin (2√2V · I_nWhen sinωt) is decomposed for each frequency component by expanding the Fourier series, it can be expressed by the following equation (11).

Where J_k(A) is a kth-order Bessel function.
In order to ignore the third and subsequent terms of the equation (11) as being minute,₁, A₂Is defined as shown in equations (12a) and (12b).

Where A₁, A₂Is the effective current value I₁, I₂Is multiplied by the Verde constant and assigned to the first-order Besse1 function, and the current i_nIs a sine wave AC signal as shown in equation (3), the time is a constant.
In this case, equation (10) is

It can be expressed as
Formula (12c) is expanded, and trigonometric function formula sin²Using φ = (1/2) {1-cos2φ},

It becomes. The differential current output S by the photocurrent sensor at this time_2xCan be expressed as (13a) by substituting (12d) into (6). Here, in order to simply show the following equations, A shown in the equations (12a) and (12b)₁, A₂B in (13b) and (13c)₁, B₂It has been replaced.

Where B₁, B₂Is a constant with respect to time.
The differential current output S by the photocurrent sensor as shown in the equation (13a)_2xIs the difference current i to the protection section 9 of the power system indicated in the first term.₁+ I₂In addition to the frequency component of the power supply frequency, that is, the power supply frequency component, the frequency component is twice the power supply frequency shown in the second term.
Here, the term B of the power supply frequency component of equation (13b)₁Attempts to evaluate by calculation. In the power system from 66 kV to 154 kV, the current flowing into the protection section 9 is assumed to be 33 kA or less. In this case, the Verde constant V = 3.93 × 10 of a lead glass fiber type photocurrent sensor with a wavelength of 1550 nm.^-6[Rad / A] is used. Using these values, 1 >> 2A₁A₂, J₁(2√2V · I_n) ≒ 2√2V ・ I_nThis approximation holds. At this time, Expression (13b) can be expressed as Expression (13d).

As a result of the calculation, the error due to approximation is 1% or less when the energization current is 24 kA effective value, 2% or less when the energization current is 33 kA or less, and the protective relay device using a lead glass fiber type photocurrent sensor with a wavelength of 1550 nm May be applicable to the failure determination calculation.
Therefore, the equation (13a) is obtained by calculating the difference current output S by the photocurrent sensor when the energization current is 33 kA or less._2xThe difference current i to the protection section 9 of the power system at the same frequency component as the power supply frequency of₁+ I₂This means that a frequency component twice the power supply frequency is generated as an error component.
Differential current output S by photocurrent sensor_2xFrom the power source frequency component difference current detection means 5d, the double frequency component is removed, so that the output is guided to the determination means 8, and the difference current i to the protection section 9 of the power system is derived.₁+ I₂A protective relay device is configured to operate against the above.
In the above description of the prior art, it is assumed that the current signal is a sine wave AC signal. However, when a short circuit accident occurs in the power system, it is necessary to consider that the current signal becomes a signal that is transiently attenuated by superimposing the DC component. At this time, when the largest DC component is superimposed, that is, the fault current with 100% DC component is expressed by the following equation.

Note that τ is an attenuation time constant determined from the ratio of reactance and resistance of the power system. Even if a transiently attenuated current signal represented by equation (14) is substituted into equations (5a) and (6), it cannot be represented separately for each power supply frequency component as in equation (13a). . Therefore, with respect to the protection section 9 of the power system, the difference current output S by the photocurrent sensor for each of the accident cases of the accident outside the protection section and the accident within the protection section._2xLet us consider the effect of error components included in.
FIG. 2 is a system diagram for explaining the operation of the protective relay device using the photocurrent sensor. As accident locations in the protection section 9 of the power system, f1 and f3 are accidents outside the protection section, and f2 is an accident in the protection section. Hereinafter, an out-of-section accident in the protection section 9 of the power system is called an external accident, and an in-section accident in the protection section 9 of the power system is called an internal accident.
In FIG. 2, the first photocurrent sensor 1 and the second photocurrent sensor 2 are installed at both ends of the protection section 9 of the power system, respectively, and the light source 12, Are connected to the optical signal processing unit 4a and the second optical signal processing unit 4b. Here, the first photocurrent sensor 1 has a current i₁The second photocurrent sensor 2 detects the current i₂Is detected.
First consider the case of an external accident. If an external accident occurs, the current i₁, I₂Is

Is established. Substituting equations (14) and (15) into equation (5a),
P_2x= (1/4) P₀{1 + sin2V ・ i₁(T)} {1-sin2V · i₁(T)}. Here, for ease of explanation,

When substituting equation (14), equation (5a) becomes

It becomes. That is, in the conventional technique, if the accident current is a sinusoidal alternating current signal, the difference current i to the protection section 9 of the power system at the time of an external accident₁+ I₂In the case of a signal that is transiently attenuated with a direct current component superimposed on it, an error signal is generated until the direct current component is attenuated as shown in equation (16). End up.
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining that an unnecessary operation of the protective relay device may occur in the conventional technique when an external accident occurs and the accident current is a DC current superimposed. The values of the accident current and the optical fiber constants shown below are substituted into the equations (14), (5a), and (6), and the signal values at each part are obtained by calculation.
FIG. 7A shows an accident current signal in which the direct current component expressed by the equation (14) in the case of an external accident is superimposed, and FIG. 7B shows the second photocurrent sensor 2 at this time. Optical signal P from_2x/ P₀7 (c) shows the difference current output S by the photocurrent sensor.₂FIG. 7 (d) shows the difference current output S by the photocurrent sensor._2xRMS value of power frequency component of_2xAre obtained respectively. Here, it is assumed that the photocurrent sensors 1 and 2 are lead glass fiber type photocurrent sensors having a wavelength of 1550 nm, and the Verde constant V is 3.93 × 10 6.^-6[Rad / A] is used. Accident current I₁Is an effective value of 33 kA, a power supply frequency of 50 Hz, and a time constant τ of 50 ms. Also, the effective value R of the power supply frequency of the differential current output by the photocurrent sensor_2xAs a means for obtaining the above, a digital filter / effective value calculation circuit in a digital relay circuit was used. Since this is a known technique, only the algorithm will be introduced here.
Sampling: Electrical angle 30 degrees
Digital filter: D.E. F._1f= (1-Z^-6) (1 + Z^-1+ Z^-2+ Z^-3)
RMS value calculation: RMS value²    = C_n-3 ²-C_n・ C_n-6
Next, in order to compare with the case of the sine wave AC signal, the fault current when the fault current is a sine wave AC signal represented by the equation (3) is shown in FIG. Optical signal P from the second photocurrent sensor 2_2x/ P₀7 (f) shows the difference current output S by the photocurrent sensor._2x7 (g) shows the difference current output S by the photocurrent sensor._2xThe effective value of the power supply frequency component is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7 (h), if the accident current is a sinusoidal AC signal in an external accident, a short-time error signal is generated immediately after the accident (equivalent to a peak value of 4 kA, 0.01 seconds), but this causes unnecessary operation of the relay. Is not enough. On the other hand, in the case of a transient current signal in which a DC component is superimposed on an accident current, an error signal is generated for a time that cannot be ignored as shown in FIG. 7D (peak value 20 kA equivalent, 0.2 seconds or more). . This is because the power supply frequency component appears as an error signal until the DC component is attenuated as shown in the equation (16).
Next, the operation of the protective relay device using the photocurrent sensor according to the prior art in an internal accident will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 (i) shows a signal in which an internal fault has occurred in the system shown in FIG. 2 and the fault current is 100% superimposed on the DC component represented by the equation (14). The second current at this time Optical signal P from sensor 2_2x/ P₀7 (j) shows the difference current output S by the photocurrent sensor._2x7 (k) shows the difference current output S by the photocurrent sensor._2xThe effective value of the power frequency component is shown in FIG.
FIG. 7 (m) shows a case where an internal fault occurs in the system shown in FIG. 2 and the fault current is a sinusoidal AC signal expressed by the formula (3). The second photocurrent at this time Optical signal P from sensor 2_2x7 (n) shows the difference current output S by the photocurrent sensor._2x7 (o) shows the difference current output S by the photocurrent sensor._2xThe effective value of the power source frequency component is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7 (l) and FIG. 7 (p), regarding the accident in the section, a good operation can be obtained by the conventional technique.
As described above, in the conventional technology, when the accident current is superimposed on the DC component, it is detected normally in the case of an internal accident, but the error as if an internal accident occurred in the case of an external accident. A signal may be generated.
The purpose of the present invention is not to detect when an internal accident occurs, even when an accident current with a DC component superimposed is detected, and to detect an external accident without mistaking it as an internal accident, and to operate the relay unnecessary It is to propose a protective relay device that uses a photocurrent sensor that does not.
Disclosure of the invention
Therefore, the present invention arranges two first and second photocurrent sensors that individually measure input and output currents at both ends of the protection section of the power system, and the first photocurrent sensor includes an incident end, It has an analyzer that performs analysis in two polarization directions of plus 45 degrees and minus 45 degrees with respect to the polarization direction of the polarizer provided at the incident end, and an exit end for each of the detected components. The light source and the first photocurrent sensor, the first and second photocurrent sensors, and the second photocurrent sensor and the optical signal processing unit are connected by optical fiber transmission, and the light Difference current detection means for detecting a difference current component from the output signal of the signal processing section, sum current detection means for detecting a sum current component from the output signal of the optical signal processing section, and an operation amount from the output of the difference current detection means The operation amount calculation means for obtaining the difference current detection means A suppression amount calculation means for obtaining a suppression amount from the output of the force and the sum current detection means, an operation ratio calculation means for obtaining an operation ratio from the output of the operation amount calculation means and the output of the suppression amount calculation means, and the operation amount calculation A protective relay device using a photocurrent sensor comprising: a means for determining whether an accident within the protection section of the power system or an accident outside the protection section is determined from the output of the means and the output of the operation ratio calculation means. is there.
In the present invention, two first and second photocurrent sensors that individually measure input and output currents are arranged at both ends of the protection section of the power system, and the first photocurrent sensor includes an incident end, It has an analyzer that performs analysis in two polarization directions of plus 45 degrees and minus 45 degrees with respect to the polarization direction of the polarizer provided at the incident end, and an exit end for each of the detected components. The light source and the first photocurrent sensor, the first and second photocurrent sensors, and the second photocurrent sensor and the optical signal processing unit are connected by optical fiber transmission, and the light Difference current detection means for detecting a difference current component from the output signal of the signal processing section; Sum current detection means for detecting a sum current component from the output signal of the optical signal processing section; Output of the difference current detection means and the sum Obtain individual input / output current from the output of the current detection means A positive calculation means, an operation amount calculation means for obtaining an operation amount from the correction calculation means, a suppression amount calculation means for obtaining a suppression amount from the correction calculation means, an output of the operation amount calculation means, and an output of the suppression amount calculation means An operation ratio calculating means for obtaining an operation ratio from the output, and a determination means for determining whether an accident within the protection section of the power system or an accident outside the protection section from the output of the operation amount calculation means and the output of the operation ratio calculation means. Provided is a protective relay device that uses a photocurrent sensor.
.
Further, the present invention is a protective relay device for monitoring a power system accident having a protective section, the protective relay device,
A light source that emits a predetermined optical signal;
A first photocurrent sensor disposed on one end side of the protection section of the power system, wherein the first photocurrent sensor receives the optical signal from the light source and receives the optical signal from the protection section of the power system. The polarization plane of the optical signal is rotated in proportion to the magnitude of the first current flowing to the one end side, and the first optical signal having a component in at least one direction among the optical signals whose polarization plane has been rotated is A first photocurrent sensor for radiating;
A second photocurrent sensor disposed on the other end side of the protection section of the power system, wherein the second photocurrent sensor receives the first optical signal from the first photocurrent sensor. The polarization plane of the first optical signal is further rotated in proportion to the magnitude of the second current flowing to the other end side of the protection section of the power system, and the polarization plane is further rotated. A second photocurrent sensor that emits a second optical signal having a unidirectional component and a third optical signal having a directional component of one optical signal;
A first optical signal processing unit that obtains a difference current output that is a difference between the first current and the second current from the second optical signal;
A second optical signal processing unit that obtains a sum current output that is a sum of the first current and the second current from the third optical signal;
Differential current detection means for detecting the differential current output of the first optical signal processing unit;
Sum current detection means for detecting the sum current output of the second optical signal processing unit;
An operation amount calculation means for obtaining an operation amount from the output of the difference current detection means;
A suppression amount calculation means for obtaining a suppression amount from the output of the difference current detection means and the output of the sum current detection means;
An operation ratio calculation means for obtaining an operation ratio from the output of the operation amount calculation means and the output of the suppression amount calculation means;
A protection relay device comprising: a determination unit configured to determine whether an accident inside the protection section or an accident outside the protection section of the power system is based on an output of the operation amount calculation unit and an output of the operation ratio calculation unit Is to provide.
Further, the present invention is a protective relay device for monitoring a power system accident having a protective section, the protective relay device,
A light source that emits a predetermined optical signal;
A first photocurrent sensor disposed on one end side of the protection section of the power system, wherein the first photocurrent sensor receives the optical signal from the light source and receives the optical signal from the protection section of the power system. The polarization plane of the optical signal is rotated in proportion to the magnitude of the first current flowing to the one end side, and the first optical signal having a component in at least one direction among the optical signals whose polarization plane has been rotated is A first photocurrent sensor for radiating;
A second photocurrent sensor disposed on the other end side of the protection section of the power system, wherein the second photocurrent sensor receives the first optical signal from the first photocurrent sensor. The polarization plane of the first optical signal is further rotated in proportion to the magnitude of the second current flowing to the other end side of the protection section of the power system, and the polarization plane is further rotated. A second photocurrent sensor that emits a second optical signal having a unidirectional component and a third optical signal having a directional component of one optical signal;
A first optical signal processing unit that obtains a difference current output that is a difference between the first current and the second current from the second optical signal;
A second optical signal processing unit that obtains a sum current output that is a sum of the first current and the second current from the third optical signal;
Differential current detection means for detecting the differential current output of the first optical signal processing unit;
Sum current detection means for detecting the sum current output of the second optical signal processing unit;
Correction calculation means for obtaining individual input / output currents from the output of the difference current detection means and the output of the sum current detection means;
An operation amount calculation means for obtaining an operation amount from the output of the correction calculation means;
A suppression amount calculation means for obtaining a suppression amount from the output of the correction calculation means;
An operation ratio calculation means for obtaining an operation ratio from the output of the operation amount calculation means and the output of the suppression amount calculation means;
Provided is a protective relay device comprising: a determination unit that determines whether an accident inside the protection section of the electric power system or an accident outside the protection section is based on the output of the operation amount calculation unit and the output of the operation ratio calculation unit To do.
The present invention is also a method for detecting an accident in a power system having a protection section,
Disposing a first photocurrent sensor on one end side of the protection section of the power system;
Sensing the magnitude of the first current flowing to one end of the protection section of the power system by the first photocurrent sensor;
Disposing a second photocurrent sensor on the other end side of the protection section of the power system;
Sensing the magnitude of a second current flowing to the other end side of the protection section of the power system by the second photocurrent sensor;
Obtaining a differential current output that is the difference between the first current and the second current;
Obtaining a sum current output that is the sum of the first current and the second current;
Obtaining an operation amount from the differential current output;
Obtaining a suppression amount from the difference current output and the sum current output;
Obtaining an operation ratio from the operation amount and the suppression amount;
A method for detecting an accident in the power system, comprising: determining whether an accident inside the protection section of the power system or an accident outside the protection section based on the operation amount and the operation ratio output is provided. Is.
Furthermore, the present invention is a method for detecting an accident in a power system having a protection section,
Disposing a first photocurrent sensor on one end side of the protection section of the power system;
Sensing the magnitude of the first current flowing to one end of the protection section of the power system by the first photocurrent sensor;
Disposing a second photocurrent sensor on the other end side of the protection section of the power system;
Sensing the magnitude of a second current flowing to the other end side of the protection section of the power system by the second photocurrent sensor;
Obtaining a differential current output that is the difference between the first current and the second current;
Obtaining a sum current output that is the sum of the first current and the second current;
Obtaining individual input / output currents from the difference current output and the sum current output;
Obtaining an operation amount from the input / output current;
Obtaining a suppression amount from the input / output current;
Obtaining an operation ratio from the operation amount and the suppression amount;
Providing a method for detecting an accident in the power system, comprising determining whether an accident inside the protection section of the power system or an accident outside the protection section based on the operation amount and the operation ratio It is.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in the conventional techniques (5a) and (5b), the output signal from the photocurrent sensor is a two-component light P in the x and y directions._2x, P_2yIn the prior art, only one of these is used. If the optical signal that is not used is used, it is possible to determine whether an external accident or an internal accident is not erroneously detected even if an external accident with a DC component is superimposed. This will be described below.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of a protective relay device using the photocurrent sensor of the present invention. Difference current signal S by photocurrent sensor_2xTo obtain the optical signal P_2xAs in the case of using the optical signal P_2yUse the signal.
Optical signal P_2xDifference current signal S from the photocurrent sensor_2xIs the current i detected by the first photocurrent sensor 1₁And the current i detected by the second photocurrent sensor 2₂Is the difference current of₁+ I₂The optical signal P_2yFrom i₁And i₂I which is the sum current of₁-I₂Sum current output S_2yThe fact that can be obtained will be described below. The sum current to the protection section 9 of the power system is i₁-I₂Is indicated by i₁, I₂This is because the inflow direction to the protection section 9 of the power system is defined as + and the outflow direction is defined as −.
In the following description, in the drawings and formulas referred to in the “Prior Art” section, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
FIG. 1 shows a first photocurrent sensor 1 comprising a polarizer 14, a Faraday element 11 and an analyzer 15, a second photocurrent sensor 2 configured similarly to the first photocurrent sensor 1, and a light source 12. A first optical signal processing unit 4a including a photoelectric converter 16, a high-pass filter circuit 17, a low-pass filter circuit 18, and a divider 19, and a second optical signal processing unit 4a configured in the same manner as the first optical signal processing unit 4a. An optical signal processor 4b, an optical fiber transmission line 3a for transmitting an optical signal between the light source 12 and the first photocurrent sensor 1, and an optical signal between the first photocurrent sensor 1 and the second photocurrent sensor 2. The optical signal P having difference current information among the two output ends of the optical fiber transmission line 3b for transmitting the light and the second photocurrent sensor 2_2xAn optical fiber transmission line 3c for transmitting the light emitting end and the first optical signal processing unit 4a, and the optical signal P having the sum current information among the two light emitting ends of the second photocurrent sensor 2._2yAn optical fiber transmission line 3d for transmitting the light emitting end for emitting light and the second optical signal processing unit 4b, and a differential current output S from the first optical signal processing unit 4a._2xAnd a sum current output S from the second optical signal processing unit 4b._2yDifference current detection means 5b for detecting the difference, operation amount calculation means 6a for obtaining the operation amount from the output of the difference current detection means 5a, and suppression amount calculation for obtaining the suppression amount from the outputs of the difference current detection means 5a and the sum current detection means 5b. Means 6b, an operation ratio calculation means 7 for obtaining an operation ratio from the operation amount calculation means 6a and the suppression amount calculation means 6b, and the output of the operation amount detection means 6a and the output of the operation ratio calculation means 7 within the protection section of the power system. It is comprised from the determination means 8 which discriminate | determines whether it is an accident or an accident outside a section.
The installation status of the first photocurrent sensor 1 and the second photocurrent sensor 2 in the protection section 9 of the power system and the configuration of the optical signal processing unit 4a are the same as those in the conventional technology, and the optical signal processing unit From 4a, the differential current output S by the photocurrent sensor_2xGet.
On the other hand, the optical signal guided by the optical fiber transmission means 3d is P described in the equation (5b)._2ySignal. P, which is another optical signal from the second photocurrent sensor 2_2yIs guided to the optical fiber transmission line 3d and is incident on the photoelectric converter 16 of the second optical signal processing unit 4b._2yGet. Sum current output S by photocurrent sensor_2yIs represented by the following equation.

Here, if the approximation of the equation (7) is used for the equations (5a) and (5b), the S of the equation (6) is obtained._2xAnd S in equation (17)_2yCan be simply expressed as follows.

Where α₀= 2V, where V is the Verde constant of the photocurrent sensor.
Here, the first term of the equation (18a) is S_2xThe difference current component included in the signal, the second term is S_2xError signal component δ included in the signal_xIt is.
Similarly, the first term of equation (18b) is S_2yThe sum current component included in the signal, the second term is S_2yError signal component δ included in the signal_yIt is.
δ_x, Δ_yIs due to a transiently decaying signal with a direct current component superimposed thereon, and is generated until the direct current component is attenuated, as shown in equation (16).
Generally, the operation ratio k of the ratio differential relay used for the protective relay is expressed by the following equation as the ratio of the operation amount m and the suppression amount n.

Where | i₁+ I₂| Is the difference current i₁+ I₂The effective value of | i₁| And | i₂| Is i₁Effective value of i₂It represents the effective value of.
(18a) (18b) is an error signal δ_x, Δ_yHowever, it is assumed that the size is negligible, and S obtained by the differential current detection means 5a is assumed._2xAnd S obtained by the sum current detection means 5b._2yA method for obtaining the motion ratio k represented by the equation (19) using
The motion amount m in the equation (20a) is obtained by the motion amount calculation means 6a in FIG.

The suppression amount n in the equation (20b) is obtained by the suppression amount calculation means 6b as shown in the equation (21b).

The motion ratio k is obtained by substituting the equations (21a) and (21b) into the equation (19) in the motion ratio calculation means 7.

The movement amount m obtained by the movement amount calculation means 6a and the movement ratio k obtained by the movement ratio detection calculation 7 are determined by the determination means 8 when the movement amount set value is k1 and the movement ratio set value is k2. By determining that an internal accident occurs when m> k1 and k> k2, an unnecessary operation can be prevented even in an external accident even if the accidental current is a DC component superimposed.
The movement amount m and the movement ratio k obtained by the above equations (21a) and (22) are the error components δ shown in the equations (18a) and (18b)._xAnd δ_yHowever, the magnitude of the error component varies depending on the magnitude of the accident current and the sensitivity of the applied current sensor. However, if there is a large difference in the operation ratio k when an external accident occurs and when an internal accident occurs, the determination means 8 can determine whether the accident is inside or outside the protection section.
Hereinafter, it is confirmed by calculation that it is possible to determine whether the accident is inside or outside the protection section by the above method in the actual power system.
It is assumed that the maximum fault current of the assumed power system is 33 kA, the DC component is 100% superimposed, and the time constant τ = 100 ms. The optical fiber sensor to be applied is a lead glass fiber type photocurrent sensor having a wavelength of 1550 nm as in the prior art, and its Verde constant V is 3.93 × 10.^-6[Rad / A] is used.
In order to explain the operation of the protective relay device using the photocurrent sensor of the present invention for each of the accident cases of the external accident and the internal accident with respect to the protection section 9 of the power system, it has been described in the prior art. Similarly to FIG. 2, the system diagram of FIG. 2 is used.
There are two types of external accidents, the accident locations f1 and f3 in the system shown in FIG. 2, and since both are considered to be equivalent, f1 is taken as a representative example of an external accident.
There are three cases of internal accidents: power supply arrangement at both ends, one end power supply on the f1 side, and one end power supply on the f3 side. Since the one-side power source is considered to be the same on the f1 side and the f3 side, the f1 side is taken as a representative example.
In the case of an accident in a power supply arrangement on both sides, i₁, I₂Is

Suppose that
In the case of an accident in a single-ended power supply arrangement,

And
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining that the operation ratio k obtained from the equation (22) has a sufficiently large difference between the internal accident and the external accident. The value of the accident current and the constant of the optical fiber described above are shown. , (14), (5a), (5b), (6), (17), (21a), (21b), and (22) are obtained by calculation.
Note that the effective value | S of the power supply frequency component is calculated by the operation amount calculation means 6a and the suppression amount calculation means 6b._2x|, | S_2x+ S_2y| And | S_2x-S_2yAs a means for obtaining |, the following algorithm was used as in the prior art.
Sampling: Electrical angle 30 degrees
Digital filter: D.E. F._1f= (1-Z^-6) (1 + Z^-1+ Z^-2+ Z^-3)
RMS value calculation: RMS value²= C_n-3 ²-C_n・ C_n-6
FIG. 3A shows an accident current i in which the direct current component represented by the equation (14) is superimposed.₁(T) indicates the accident current i₁Shows a waveform of = 33 kA. 3 (b) to 3 (d) show cases of external accidents, FIG. 3 (b) shows the operation amount m, FIG. 3 (c) shows the suppression amount n, and FIG. 3 (d) shows the operation ratio k. Show. The accident current is i₁= Four types of 33 kA, 24 kA, 15 kA, and 9 kA are shown.
Similarly, FIGS. 3 (e) to 3 (g) show the case where the power supply is arranged on both sides of the internal accident, FIG. 3 (e) shows the operation amount m, FIG. 3 (f) shows the suppression amount n, and FIG. Indicates the operation ratio k. The accident current shows the following four types.
i₁= + 16.5 kA, i₂= + 16.5 kA,
i₁= + 12.0 kA, i₂= + 12.0 kA,
i₁= + 7.5 kA, i₂= + 7.5 kA,
i₁= + 4.5kA, i₂= + 4.5kA
FIGS. 3 (h) to 3 (j) show an internal accident single-ended power supply arrangement, FIG. 3 (h) shows the operation amount m, FIG. 3 (i) shows the suppression amount n, and FIG. 3 (j) shows the operation. Each ratio k is shown. The accident current is i₁= Four types of 33 kA, 24 kA, 15 kA, and 9 kA are shown.
FIG. 3 (d) showing the operation ratio k of the external accident case is compared with FIGS. 3 (g) and 3 (j) showing the operation ratio k in each case of the internal accident both-side power supply arrangement and the internal accident one-side power supply arrangement. As can be seen, the operation ratio k is 100% in the case of a single-ended power supply and in the case of a double-ended power supply in an internal accident case, but it is temporarily increased to 20% in an external accident case, but compared with an internal accident. This is clearly a small value.
Therefore, in order to determine the operation ratio set value k2, even if the operation amount m is larger than the operation amount set value k1 in the determining means 8 by providing a value larger than the value of the operation ratio k that temporarily increases in an external accident. If the operation ratio k is smaller than the operation ratio set value k2, it is determined that an external accident has occurred, and unnecessary operation of the protective relay device can be prevented.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing another embodiment of the protective relay device using the photocurrent sensor of the present invention. In the following description, in the drawings and formulas referred to in the conventional technique and the embodiment, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
First photocurrent sensor 1, second photocurrent sensor 2, light source 12, optical signal processing circuit 4a, optical fiber transmission means 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, first optical signal processing unit 4a, second light Signal processor 4b, difference current detection means 5a, sum current detection means 5b, correction calculation means 5c for obtaining individual input / output current from the output of difference current detection means 5a and the output from sum current detection means 5b, correction calculation means The operation amount is calculated from the operation amount calculation means 6c for determining the operation amount from the output of 5c, the suppression amount calculation means 6d for determining the suppression amount from the output of the correction calculation means 5c, the output of the operation amount calculation means 6c and the output of the suppression amount calculation means 6d. The operation ratio calculation means 7 to be obtained, the output of the operation amount detection means 6c, and the output of the operation ratio calculation means 7 are configured by a determination means 8 for determining whether the accident is within the protection section or outside the section of the power system.
Here, the expression (5a) and (5b) are rewritten as follows using the approximation of the expression (7).

At this time, the output S from the differential current detecting means 5a_2x, Output S from sum current detection means 5b_2yIs expressed as follows.

Here, the first term of the equation (26a) is S_2xError current component included in signal, second term is S_2xError signal component α included in the signal₀ ²(I₁・ I₂). Similarly, the first term of equation (26b) is S_2yThe sum current component included in the signal, the second term is S_2yIt is an error signal component included in the signal.
Next, the output S from the differential current detection means 5a_2x, Output S from sum current detection means 5b_2yIn the correction calculation means 5c, the error component α₀ ²(I₁・ I₂) Is removed. That is, as shown in (27a) to (27c), S_z1, S_z2, S_z3And i as shown in equations (28a) and (28b)₁, I₂Ask for.

I obtained by the correction calculation means 5c₁, I₂, The operation amount m and the suppression amount n are obtained by the following equations (29a) and (29b) in the operation amount calculation means 6c and the suppression amount calculation means 6d.

The operation amount m obtained by the following equations (29a) and (29b) in the operation amount calculator 6c and the suppression amount calculator 6d and the suppression amount n are determined by the operation ratio calculator 7 according to the equation (30). Desired.

The movement amount m obtained by the movement amount calculation means 6c and the movement ratio k obtained by the movement ratio calculation means 7 are determined by the determination means 8 when the movement amount set value is k1 and the movement ratio set value is k2. By determining that an internal accident occurs when m> k1 and k> k2, an unnecessary operation can be prevented even in an external accident even if the accidental current is a DC component superimposed.
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining that the operation ratio k obtained from the equation (30) has a sufficiently large difference between the internal accident and the external accident, and is used for the calculation when FIG. 3 of the above embodiment is shown. It shows the result of calculation under the same conditions as those.
FIG. 5A shows an accident current i in which a direct current component represented by equation (14) is superimposed._{n (t)}The fault current effective value I_nShows a waveform of = 33 kA. FIGS. 5B to 5D show cases of external accidents, FIG. 5B shows the operation amount m, FIG. 5C shows the suppression amount n, and FIG. 5D shows the operation ratio k. Yes. The accident current is i₁= Four types of 33 kA, 24 kA, 15 kA, and 9 kA are shown.
Similarly, FIGS. 5 (e) to 5 (g) show a case where the power supply is arranged on both sides of the internal accident, FIG. 5 (e) shows the operation amount m, FIG. 5 (f) shows the suppression amount n, and FIG. Indicates an operation ratio k. The accident current shows the following four types.
i₁= + 16.5 kA, i₂= + 16.5 kA,
i₁= + 12.0 kA, i₂= + 12.0 kA,
i₁= + 7.5 kA, i₂= + 7.5 kA,
i₁= + 4.5kA, i₂= + 4.5kA
FIGS. 5 (h) to 5 (j) show an internal accident single-ended power supply arrangement, FIG. 5 (h) shows the operation amount m, FIG. 5 (i) shows the suppression amount n, and FIG. 5 (j) shows the operation. The ratio k is shown. The accident current is i₁= Four types of 33 kA, 24 kA, 15 kA, and 9 kA are shown.
As apparent from a comparison between FIG. 5 (d) in the case of the external accident and FIGS. 5 (g) and 5 (j) in the internal accident case, the operation ratio k is the case of the single-ended power source and the both ends in the internal accident case. Although it is 100% in the case of the power supply, the operation ratio k temporarily rises to 5% in the external accident case, but it is clearly smaller than the internal accident.
Even if the operation amount m is larger than the operation amount set value k1 in the determination unit 8 by providing the operation ratio set value k2 having a value larger than the value of the operation ratio k that temporarily increases when an internal failure occurs as described above, If the operation ratio k is smaller than the operation ratio set value k2, it is determined that an external accident has occurred, and unnecessary operation of the protective relay device can be prevented.
Industrial applicability
As described above, according to the protective relay device using the photocurrent sensor according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent unnecessary operation of the relay even if an external accident occurs.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating a protective relay device using a photocurrent sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a system diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention and illustrating a protective relay device using a photocurrent sensor.
FIG. 3 is an example of an output waveform when the fault current is measured according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows another embodiment according to the present invention, and is a configuration diagram for explaining a protective relay device using a photocurrent sensor.
FIG. 5 is an example of an output waveform when the fault current is measured according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a protective relay device using a conventional photocurrent sensor.
FIG. 7 is an example of an output waveform when the fault current is measured according to the conventional technique.

Claims (15)

Two first and second photocurrent sensors for individually measuring input / output currents are arranged at both ends of the protection section of the electric power system, and the first and second photocurrent sensors have an incident end and the incident end. And an analyzer that performs analysis in two polarization directions of plus 45 degrees and minus 45 degrees with respect to the polarization direction of the polarizer provided in the polarizer, and an exit end for each of the detected components. The first photocurrent sensor, the first and second photocurrent sensors, and the second photocurrent sensor and the optical signal processor are connected by an optical fiber transmission line, and the light Difference current detection means for detecting a difference current component from the output signal of the signal processing section, sum current detection means for detecting a sum current component from the output signal of the optical signal processing section, and an operation amount from the output of the difference current detection means And an output of the differential current detection means A suppression amount calculation unit for obtaining a suppression amount from the output of the sum current detection unit, an operation ratio calculation unit for obtaining an operation ratio from the output of the operation amount calculation unit and the output of the suppression amount calculation unit, and the operation amount calculation unit A protection relay device using a photocurrent sensor comprising: an output and an output of the operation ratio calculation means; a determination means for determining whether the accident is within the protection section of the power system or an accident outside the protection section. Two first and second photocurrent sensors for individually measuring input / output currents are arranged at both ends of the protection section of the electric power system, and the first and second photocurrent sensors have an incident end and the incident end. And an analyzer that performs analysis in two polarization directions of plus 45 degrees and minus 45 degrees with respect to the polarization direction of the polarizer provided in the polarizer, and an exit end for each of the detected components. The first photocurrent sensor, the first and second photocurrent sensors, and the second photocurrent sensor and the optical signal processor are connected by an optical fiber transmission line, and the light Difference current detection means for detecting a difference current component from the output signal of the signal processing section; Sum current detection means for detecting a sum current component from the output signal of the optical signal processing section; Output of the difference current detection means and the sum Compensation for obtaining individual input / output current from the output of current detection Means, an operation amount calculation means for obtaining an operation amount from the output of the correction calculation means, a suppression amount calculation means for obtaining a suppression amount from the output of the correction calculation means, an output of the operation amount calculation means and the suppression amount calculation means An operation ratio calculating means for obtaining an operation ratio from the output of the power, and a determination means for determining whether the accident is within the protection section of the power system or the accident outside the protection section from the output of the operation amount calculation means and the output of the operation ratio calculation means And a protective relay device using a photocurrent sensor. A protective relay device for monitoring an accident of a power system having a protective section, the protective relay device,
A light source that emits a predetermined optical signal;
A first photocurrent sensor disposed on one end side of the protection section of the power system, wherein the first photocurrent sensor receives the optical signal from the light source and receives the optical signal from the protection section of the power system. The polarization plane of the optical signal is rotated in proportion to the magnitude of the first current flowing to the one end side, and the first optical signal having a component in at least one direction among the optical signals whose polarization plane has been rotated is A first photocurrent sensor for radiating;
A second photocurrent sensor disposed on the other end side of the protection section of the power system, wherein the second photocurrent sensor receives the first optical signal from the first photocurrent sensor. The polarization plane of the first optical signal is further rotated in proportion to the magnitude of the second current flowing to the other end side of the protection section of the power system, and the polarization plane is further rotated. A second photocurrent sensor that emits a second optical signal having a unidirectional component and a third optical signal having a directional component of one optical signal;
A first optical signal processing unit that obtains a difference current output that is a difference between the first current and the second current from the second optical signal;
A second optical signal processing unit that obtains a sum current output that is a sum of the first current and the second current from the third optical signal;
Differential current detection means for detecting the differential current output of the first optical signal processing unit;
Sum current detection means for detecting the sum current output of the second optical signal processing unit;
An operation amount calculation means for obtaining an operation amount from the output of the difference current detection means;
A suppression amount calculation means for obtaining a suppression amount from the output of the difference current detection means and the output of the sum current detection means;
An operation ratio calculation means for obtaining an operation ratio from the output of the operation amount calculation means and the output of the suppression amount calculation means;
A protection relay device comprising: a determination unit configured to determine whether an accident inside the protection section or an accident outside the protection section of the power system is based on an output of the operation amount calculation unit and an output of the operation ratio calculation unit . The protective relay device according to claim 3,
The first photocurrent sensor includes:
A first polarizer for converting a predetermined optical signal from the light source into a linearly polarized signal;
The linearly polarized signal output from the first polarizer is received, and the linearly polarized signal is proportional to the magnitude of the first current due to the Faraday effect caused by the magnetic field generated by the first current. A first Faraday element that rotates the plane of polarization of
A first analyzer that divides the linearly polarized signal output from the first Faraday element into an optical signal having at least an x-direction component and an optical signal having a y-direction component; A protective relay device in which the optical signal is the first optical signal. The protective relay device according to claim 4,
The second photocurrent sensor is
A second polarizer for converting the first optical signal from the first analyzer into a linearly polarized signal;
The linearly polarized signal output from the second polarizer is received, and the second current is proportional to the magnitude of the second current due to the Faraday effect caused by the magnetic field generated by the second current. A second Faraday element that rotates the plane of polarization of the linearly polarized signal output from the polarizer by a predetermined angle;
A second analyzer that divides the linearly polarized signal output from the second Faraday element into the second optical signal having an x-direction component and the third optical signal having a y-direction component; Protective relay device. The protective relay device according to claim 5,
The protective relay device, wherein the polarization direction of the first optical signal is the same as the polarization direction of the second optical signal. The protective relay device according to claim 6,
The first optical signal processing unit includes:
A first photoelectric converter for converting the second optical signal output from the second analyzer of the second photocurrent sensor into an electrical signal;
A first low-pass filter circuit that extracts a DC component from the electrical signal output from the first photoelectric converter;
A first high-pass filter circuit that extracts an AC component from the electrical signal output from the first photoelectric converter;
A protective relay device comprising: a first divider for dividing the AC component by the DC component to obtain the differential current output. The protective relay device according to claim 7,
The second optical signal processing unit includes:
A second photoelectric converter for converting the third optical signal output from the second analyzer of the second photocurrent sensor into an electrical signal;
A second low-pass filter circuit that extracts a DC component from the electrical signal output from the second photoelectric converter;
A second high-pass filter circuit that extracts an AC component from the electrical signal output from the second photoelectric converter;
A protective relay device comprising a second divider for dividing the AC component by the DC component to obtain the sum current output. The protective relay device according to claim 8,
The inflow direction of the first current from the outside of the protection section to the inside of the protection section is positive,
The outflow direction of the first current from the inside of the protection section to the outside of the protection section is negative,
The inflow direction of the second current from the outside of the protection section to the inside of the protection section is positive,
The protection relay device in which the outflow direction of the second current from the inside of the protection section to the outside of the protection section is negative. The protective relay device according to claim 9,
The light propagation direction in the first photocurrent sensor is provided so as to coincide with the direction of the magnetic field generated by the first current detected by the first photocurrent sensor,
A protective relay device provided so that a propagation direction of light in the second photocurrent sensor coincides with a magnetic field generated by a second current detected by the second photocurrent sensor. The protective relay device according to claim 10,
The first analyzer is a protective relay device installed at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the first polarizer. The protective relay device according to claim 11,
The second analyzer is a protective relay device installed at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the second polarizer. A protective relay device for monitoring an accident of a power system having a protective section, the protective relay device,
A light source that emits a predetermined optical signal;
A first photocurrent sensor disposed on one end side of the protection section of the power system, wherein the first photocurrent sensor receives the optical signal from the light source and receives the optical signal from the protection section of the power system. The polarization plane of the optical signal is rotated in proportion to the magnitude of the first current flowing to the one end side, and the first optical signal having a component in at least one direction among the optical signals whose polarization plane has been rotated is A first photocurrent sensor for radiating;
A second photocurrent sensor disposed on the other end side of the protection section of the power system, wherein the second photocurrent sensor receives the first optical signal from the first photocurrent sensor. The polarization plane of the first optical signal is further rotated in proportion to the magnitude of the second current flowing to the other end side of the protection section of the power system, and the polarization plane is further rotated. A second photocurrent sensor that emits a second optical signal having a unidirectional component and a third optical signal having a directional component of one optical signal;
A first optical signal processing unit that obtains a difference current output that is a difference between the first current and the second current from the second optical signal;
A second optical signal processing unit that obtains a sum current output that is a sum of the first current and the second current from the third optical signal;
Differential current detection means for detecting the differential current output of the first optical signal processing unit;
Sum current detection means for detecting the sum current output of the second optical signal processing unit;
Correction calculation means for obtaining individual input / output currents from the output of the difference current detection means and the output of the sum current detection means;
An operation amount calculation means for obtaining an operation amount from the output of the correction calculation means;
A suppression amount calculation means for obtaining a suppression amount from the output of the correction calculation means;
An operation ratio calculation means for obtaining an operation ratio from the output of the operation amount calculation means and the output of the suppression amount calculation means;
A protection relay device comprising: a determination unit configured to determine whether an accident inside the protection section of the power system or an accident outside the protection section is based on the output of the operation amount calculation unit and the output of the operation ratio calculation unit. A method for detecting an accident in a power system having a protection section,
Disposing a first photocurrent sensor on one end side of the protection section of the power system;
Sensing the magnitude of the first current flowing to one end of the protection section of the power system by the first photocurrent sensor;
Disposing a second photocurrent sensor on the other end side of the protection section of the power system;
Sensing the magnitude of a second current flowing to the other end side of the protection section of the power system by the second photocurrent sensor;
Obtaining a differential current output that is the difference between the first current and the second current;
Obtaining a sum current output that is the sum of the first current and the second current;
Obtaining an operation amount from the differential current output;
Obtaining a suppression amount from the difference current output and the sum current output;
Obtaining an operation ratio from the operation amount and the suppression amount;
A method for detecting an accident in the power system, comprising: determining whether an accident inside the protection section of the power system or an accident outside the protection section based on the operation amount and the operation ratio output. A method for detecting an accident in a power system having a protection section,
Disposing a first photocurrent sensor on one end side of the protection section of the power system;
Sensing the magnitude of the first current flowing to one end of the protection section of the power system by the first photocurrent sensor;
Disposing a second photocurrent sensor on the other end side of the protection section of the power system;
Sensing the magnitude of a second current flowing to the other end side of the protection section of the power system by the second photocurrent sensor;
Obtaining a differential current output that is the difference between the first current and the second current;
Obtaining a sum current output that is the sum of the first current and the second current;
Obtaining individual input / output currents from the difference current output and the sum current output;
Obtaining an operation amount from the input / output current;
Obtaining a suppression amount from the input / output current;
Obtaining an operation ratio from the operation amount and the suppression amount;
A method for detecting an accident in the power system, comprising determining whether the accident is inside the protection section of the power system or the accident outside the protection section based on the operation amount and the operation ratio.

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