JP3798671B2 - Superheated steam cooking device - Google Patents

Superheated steam cooking device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3798671B2
JP3798671B2 JP2001325025A JP2001325025A JP3798671B2 JP 3798671 B2 JP3798671 B2 JP 3798671B2 JP 2001325025 A JP2001325025 A JP 2001325025A JP 2001325025 A JP2001325025 A JP 2001325025A JP 3798671 B2 JP3798671 B2 JP 3798671B2
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Prior art keywords
superheated steam
pipe
steam
water
cooking
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JP2003125930A (en
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勝也 羽入田
哲義 石田
政勝 酒井
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Hokuriku Electric Power Co
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Hokuriku Electric Power Co
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

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Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、１００℃よりも高い温度の蒸気、即ち過熱蒸気で食材を加熱調理する過熱蒸気調理装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来の過熱蒸気調理装置は、ボイラーから発生した過熱蒸気を調理容器に供給し、調理容器内に収容した食材を過熱蒸気で調理し、使用済の過熱蒸気を調理容器から大気中へ放出するものであった。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
使用済の過熱蒸気は未だ熱を多く含んでいる事から、その熱を再利用することがエネルギーの有効利用の観点から望ましい。しかし、使用済みの過熱蒸気をボイラー内にそのまま戻して再度、調理容器に供給して使用するとなれば、使用済みの過熱蒸気に含まれる食材からの油分や種々の微粒子が循環して、ボイラー、調理容器及び配管内に付着し、カビ等が繁殖する原因となり、食品衛生上好ましくない。
【０００４】
本発明は上記実情に鑑みて成されたものであって、その目的は、使用済の過熱蒸気の熱のみを効率よく回収し再利用することである。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項１の発明は、調理容器内に収容した食材を過熱蒸気で調理する過熱蒸気調理装置において、蒸気発生装置の貯水槽に熱交換器を内蔵すると共に湯水を供給可能に設け、貯水槽とブロワを第一パイプで接続し、ブロワと調理容器を第二パイプで接続し、過熱蒸気を送り出す加熱装置内に第二パイプの中間部分を通し、調理容器に過熱蒸気の排出パイプを接続し、排出パイプの中間部分に前記した蒸気発生装置の熱交換器を接続し、排出パイプの先端を貯水槽外に開口してあること特徴とする。
【０００６】
上述した過熱蒸気調理装置は、起動時には、貯水槽に水が蓄えられていると、ブロワで吸引しても蒸気発生装置から蒸気は発生しない。従って、起動時には、貯水槽に湯を供給して蒸気発生装置から蒸気を発生させる。一方、定常運転時には、貯水槽内の湯が十分に温まっているのでブロワで吸引することによって通常より低い温度で蒸気発生装置から蒸気が発生し、その蒸気をブロワで加熱装置に送り込み、所望の温度の過熱蒸気にした後に調理容器に供給する。調理容器から排出される使用済みの過熱蒸気は、排出パイプの途中で熱交換器を通り、顕熱と潜熱を回収して貯水装置内の湯を温めて蒸気を発生させ、排出パイプの先端から最終的には水となって放出される。定常運転時に貯水槽内の水量が不足した場合には、湯か水を供給すれば良いが、湯を供給した方が蒸気になりやすいので望ましい。なお、ブロワは、貯水槽内の圧力を調理容器から排出される過熱蒸気の圧力より低くするもので、それによって過熱蒸気の顕熱と潜熱を熱交換器で回収する。
【０００７】
また、起動時に貯水槽に水が蓄えられた状態で調理容器に過熱蒸気を供給するには、加熱装置に過熱蒸気を作る元となる、気体や湯水を別途、供給する必要がある。従って、請求項２の発明のように、第一パイプの中間部分に気体供給パイプを分岐しても良いし、請求項３の発明のように、第二パイプは加熱装置とブロワの間から注水パイプを分岐しても良い。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の過熱蒸気調理装置の第一実施形態は図１に示すように、蒸気発生装置１と、ブロワ２と、加熱装置３としての蓄熱槽と、調理容器４を有し、蒸気発生装置１の貯水槽５の上部とブロワ２を第一パイプ６で接続し、ブロワ２と調理容器４の下部を第二パイプ７で接続し、第二パイプ７の一部を伝熱管８とし、伝熱管８を蓄熱槽３内に通すと共に、蒸気を直に調理容器４に送り込むバイパス管９を第二パイプ７に接続し、バイパス管９のブロワ側の接続部分にバイパス弁１０を有する。また、調理容器４の上部から排出パイプ１１を延長し、排出パイプ１１の中間部分に熱交換器１２を接続し、その熱交換器１２を蒸気発生装置の貯水槽５に内蔵し、排出パイプ１１の先端を蒸気発生装置１の外部に向けてある。
【０００９】
蒸気発生装置１は、貯水槽５に熱交換器１２を内蔵し、湯及び水を補給バルブ１３から供給可能に設けると共に、フロート式水面高さ検出器１４を備え、フロート式水面高さ検出器１４が所定の高さより低い場合は、補給バルブ１３を連動機構によって開き、所定の高さに達した場合は、連動機構によって補給バルブ１３を閉じることにより水面を規定値の高さに保つ。
【００１０】
ブロワ２は、蒸気を蓄熱槽側に送り込んで、貯水槽５内の圧力を調理容器４から排出される過熱蒸気の圧力より低くするもので、それによって過熱蒸気の顕熱と潜熱を熱交換器１２で回収する。
【００１１】
蓄熱槽３は、内部に収容する蓄熱材１５に、電気ヒータ１６と前述した伝熱管８を通し、過熱蒸気を作り出すものである。また、蓄熱材１５はマグネシア、マグネタイトなどの固体蓄熱材と、硝酸ナトリウムと亜硝酸ナトリウム、硝酸カリウムの三種類の硝酸塩を混合した液体蓄熱材とで構成されている。
【００１２】
調理容器４は、開閉可能な密閉容器内に複数段の棚１７を備え、棚１７の上に載せた食材１８に過熱蒸気が当たるものである。
【００１３】
バイパス弁１０は、蓄熱槽側に流す蒸気量とバイパス側に流す蒸気量の比率を、開閉操作により調整可能に設け、それによって調理容器４内の雰囲気を調整するものである。また、その開閉操作は、コンピュータ制御で自動的に行っており、制御装置に調理容器４内の目標温度を設定し、調理容器４内の温度検出器１９から受ける調理装置４内の実際の温度と目標温度を比較し、実際の温度が目標温度に一致するようにバイパス弁１０の開度を自動的に操作する。
【００１４】
本発明の過熱蒸気調理装置の第二実施形態は図２に示すように、第一パイプ６の途中に気体供給パイプ２０を分岐し、気体供給パイプ２０に接続した気体供給バルブ２１を開閉するものである。なお、気体としては、空気や蒸気が挙げられる。
【００１５】
本発明の過熱蒸気調理装置の第三実施形態は図３に示すように、第二パイプ７の伝熱管８の前に注水パイプ２２を分岐し、注水パイプ２２に接続した注水バルブ２３を開閉するものである。なお、注水パイプ２２へ供給する水は、図面のように貯水槽５や補給バルブ１３の供給源側から取り込んでも良いし、他の箇所から取り込んでも良い。
【００１６】
本発明品の定常運転時に肉１ｋｇを調理する際に必要なエネルギー消費量を、従来品と比較する。まず、肉１ｋｇを調理するには１２００ｋＪの加熱が必要になる。また、調理容器内に過熱蒸気が４００℃で突入し、３００℃で排出されるとすれば、大気圧４００℃の蒸気のエンタルピーが３２８０、大気圧３００℃の蒸気のエンタルピーが３０７５として計算すると、
過熱蒸気量（ｋｇ）＝１２００ｋＪ／（３２８０−３０７５）＝５．９となる。
【００１７】
ここで本発明品のブロワでの消費エネルギーは、ブロワの効率を３０％とし、ブロワ出口の蒸気温度を大気圧１２３℃（蒸気エンタルピー２７２８）とし、ブロワ入口の蒸気温度を負圧９０℃（蒸気エンタルピー２６２７）として計算すると、

Figure 0003798671
また、本発明品の蓄熱槽での消費エネルギーを計算すると、
消費エネルギー（ｋＪ）＝５．９×（３２８０−２７２８）＝３２５７となる。
従って、本発明品の全消費エネルギーは、ブロワと蓄熱槽との両消費エネルギーを合計して、
消費エネルギー＝１９８６＋３２５７＝５２４３ｋＪとなる。
【００１８】
一方、従来品としては、１５℃の水（エンタルピー６３）をボイラで４００℃まで過熱して調理容器に供給するものを想定して消費エネルギーを計算すれば、消費エネルギー＝５．９×（３２８０−６３）＝１８９８０ｋＪとなる。
従って、従来品と比べて本発明品は、消費エネルギーが１／３〜１／４で済むことなる。
【００１９】
本発明は、ブロワの出力が一定である場合にバイパス弁の開度を調整することによって、調理容器内を所望の雰囲気にするものであるが、ブロワに出力が可変なものを用いれば、バイパス管及びバイパス弁は不要となる。
【００２０】
【発明の効果】
請求項１の発明は、調理容器内で食材を加熱した後の過熱蒸気の排出パイプの中間部分に蒸気発生装置の熱交換器を備え、排出パイプの先端を貯水槽外に向けて、使用済みの過熱蒸気から貯水槽の湯水を隔絶してあるので、蒸気発生装置で発生する蒸気は清潔であり、その顕熱と潜熱のみを回収して再利用することができる。
【００２１】
請求項２の発明は、起動時に蒸気発生装置内に水が溜まっていても、気体供給パイプから蒸気や空気を供給すれば、加熱装置の熱によって過熱蒸気に変わるので、過熱蒸気が調理容器に供給できる。
【００２２】
請求項３の発明は、起動時に蒸気発生装置内に水が溜まっていても、注水パイプから湯水を供給すれば、加熱装置の熱によって過熱蒸気に変わるので、過熱蒸気が調理容器に供給できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の過熱蒸気調理装置の第一実施形態を示す説明図である。
【図２】本発明の過熱蒸気調理装置の第二実施形態を示す説明図である。
【図３】本発明の過熱蒸気調理装置の第三実施形態を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 蒸気発生装置
２ ブロワ
３ 加熱装置（蓄熱槽）
４ 調理容器
５ 貯水槽
６ 第一パイプ
７ 第二パイプ
１１ 排出パイプ
１２ 熱交換器
１８ 食材
２０ 気体供給パイプ
２２ 注水パイプ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a superheated steam cooking apparatus that cooks food with steam having a temperature higher than 100 ° C., that is, superheated steam.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A conventional superheated steam cooking device supplies superheated steam generated from a boiler to a cooking container, cooks food stored in the cooking container with superheated steam, and releases used superheated steam from the cooking container to the atmosphere. Met.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Since used superheated steam still contains a lot of heat, it is desirable to reuse the heat from the viewpoint of effective use of energy. However, if the used superheated steam is returned to the boiler as it is and then supplied to the cooking container again, the oil and various fine particles from the ingredients contained in the used superheated steam circulate, and the boiler, It adheres to cooking containers and piping and causes mold to grow, which is not preferable for food hygiene.
[0004]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to efficiently recover and reuse only the heat of used superheated steam.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention of claim 1 is a superheated steam cooking apparatus for cooking food contained in a cooking vessel with superheated steam, and a heat exchanger is built in the water tank of the steam generator so that hot water can be supplied, Connect the blower with the first pipe, connect the blower and the cooking container with the second pipe, pass the middle part of the second pipe into the heating device that sends out the superheated steam, connect the exhaust pipe of the superheated steam to the cooking container, The heat exchanger of the steam generator is connected to the middle part of the discharge pipe, and the tip of the discharge pipe is opened outside the water storage tank.
[0006]
When the above-described superheated steam cooking apparatus is activated, if water is stored in the water storage tank, no steam is generated from the steam generating apparatus even if it is sucked by a blower. Therefore, at startup, hot water is supplied to the water storage tank to generate steam from the steam generator. On the other hand, at the time of steady operation, the hot water in the water tank is sufficiently warmed up, so that the steam is generated from the steam generator at a lower temperature than normal by sucking with the blower, and the steam is sent to the heating device with the blower. The steam is heated to superheated steam and then supplied to the cooking vessel. Used superheated steam discharged from the cooking vessel passes through a heat exchanger in the middle of the discharge pipe, recovers sensible heat and latent heat, warms the hot water in the water storage device, generates steam, and then from the end of the discharge pipe Eventually it is released as water. If the amount of water in the water tank is insufficient during steady operation, hot water or water may be supplied, but it is desirable to supply hot water because it tends to become steam. In addition, a blower makes the pressure in a water tank lower than the pressure of the superheated steam discharged | emitted from a cooking container, and collect | recovers sensible heat and latent heat of a superheated steam with a heat exchanger by it.
[0007]
Moreover, in order to supply superheated steam to a cooking container in the state by which the water was stored in the water storage tank at the time of starting, it is necessary to supply separately the gas and hot water which are the origins which produce superheated steam to a heating apparatus. Therefore, the gas supply pipe may be branched to the intermediate portion of the first pipe as in the invention of claim 2, and the second pipe is injected with water from between the heating device and the blower as in the invention of claim 3. The pipe may be branched.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As shown in FIG. 1, the first embodiment of the superheated steam cooking device of the present invention has a steam generator 1, a blower 2, a heat storage tank as a heating device 3, and a cooking container 4, and the steam generator 1 The upper part of the water tank 5 and the blower 2 are connected by the first pipe 6, the lower part of the blower 2 and the cooking container 4 are connected by the second pipe 7, and a part of the second pipe 7 is used as the heat transfer pipe 8. 8 is passed through the heat storage tank 3, and a bypass pipe 9 for sending steam directly to the cooking container 4 is connected to the second pipe 7, and a bypass valve 10 is provided at a connection portion of the bypass pipe 9 on the blower side. Moreover, the discharge pipe 11 is extended from the upper part of the cooking container 4, the heat exchanger 12 is connected to the intermediate part of the discharge pipe 11, the heat exchanger 12 is built in the water storage tank 5 of the steam generator, and the discharge pipe 11 Is directed to the outside of the steam generator 1.
[0009]
The steam generator 1 includes a heat exchanger 12 in the water storage tank 5 so that hot water and water can be supplied from a replenishing valve 13, and includes a float-type water level detector 14. A float-type water level detector When 14 is lower than a predetermined height, the replenishing valve 13 is opened by the interlocking mechanism, and when the predetermined height is reached, the replenishing valve 13 is closed by the interlocking mechanism to keep the water surface at the specified level.
[0010]
The blower 2 sends steam to the heat storage tank side, and makes the pressure in the water storage tank 5 lower than the pressure of the superheated steam discharged from the cooking vessel 4, thereby sensible heat and latent heat of the superheated steam are heat exchangers. Collect at 12.
[0011]
The heat storage tank 3 creates superheated steam by passing the electric heater 16 and the heat transfer tube 8 described above through the heat storage material 15 accommodated therein. The heat storage material 15 includes a solid heat storage material such as magnesia and magnetite, and a liquid heat storage material in which three types of nitrates, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, and potassium nitrate are mixed.
[0012]
The cooking container 4 includes a plurality of shelves 17 in an openable / closable sealed container, and superheated steam hits the food 18 placed on the shelf 17.
[0013]
The bypass valve 10 is provided so that the ratio of the amount of steam flowing to the heat storage tank side and the amount of steam flowing to the bypass side can be adjusted by an opening / closing operation, thereby adjusting the atmosphere in the cooking vessel 4. The opening / closing operation is automatically performed by computer control, and the target temperature in the cooking container 4 is set in the control device, and the actual temperature in the cooking device 4 received from the temperature detector 19 in the cooking container 4 is set. And the target temperature are compared, and the opening degree of the bypass valve 10 is automatically operated so that the actual temperature matches the target temperature.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 2, the second embodiment of the superheated steam cooking apparatus of the present invention branches the gas supply pipe 20 in the middle of the first pipe 6 and opens and closes the gas supply valve 21 connected to the gas supply pipe 20. It is. Examples of the gas include air and steam.
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 3, the third embodiment of the superheated steam cooking device of the present invention branches the water injection pipe 22 in front of the heat transfer pipe 8 of the second pipe 7 and opens and closes the water injection valve 23 connected to the water injection pipe 22. Is. In addition, the water supplied to the water injection pipe 22 may be taken in from the supply source side of the water storage tank 5 and the replenishing valve 13 as shown in the drawing, or may be taken in from other places.
[0016]
The energy consumption required when cooking 1 kg of meat during steady operation of the product of the present invention is compared with that of the conventional product. First, 1200 kJ heating is required to cook 1 kg of meat. If superheated steam enters the cooking vessel at 400 ° C. and is discharged at 300 ° C., the enthalpy of steam at an atmospheric pressure of 400 ° C. is 3280 and the enthalpy of steam at an atmospheric pressure of 300 ° C. is calculated as 3075.
The amount of superheated steam (kg) = 1200 kJ / (3280-3075) = 5.9.
[0017]
Here, the energy consumption of the blower of the present invention is such that the efficiency of the blower is 30%, the steam temperature at the blower outlet is 123 ° C. (steam enthalpy 2728), and the steam temperature at the blower inlet is 90 ° C. (steam Calculated as enthalpy 2627)
Figure 0003798671
Moreover, when calculating the energy consumption in the heat storage tank of the present invention product,
Energy consumption (kJ) = 5.9 × (3280-2728) = 3257.
Therefore, the total energy consumption of the product of the present invention is the sum of the energy consumption of both the blower and the heat storage tank,
Consumption energy = 1986 + 3257 = 5243 kJ.
[0018]
On the other hand, as a conventional product, if the energy consumption is calculated assuming that 15 ° C. water (enthalpy 63) is heated to 400 ° C. with a boiler and supplied to the cooking container, energy consumption = 5.9 × (3280) −63) = 18980 kJ.
Therefore, compared with the conventional product, the product of the present invention requires only 1/3 to 1/4 of energy consumption.
[0019]
In the present invention, when the output of the blower is constant, the opening of the bypass valve is adjusted so that the inside of the cooking container has a desired atmosphere. Pipes and bypass valves are not required.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
The invention of claim 1 includes a heat exchanger of a steam generator in the middle part of the superheated steam discharge pipe after the food is heated in the cooking container, and the end of the discharge pipe faces the outside of the water tank. Since the hot water in the water tank is isolated from the superheated steam, the steam generated by the steam generator is clean, and only the sensible heat and latent heat can be recovered and reused.
[0021]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, even if water is accumulated in the steam generator at the time of startup, if steam or air is supplied from the gas supply pipe, it is changed to superheated steam by the heat of the heating device. Can supply.
[0022]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, even if water is accumulated in the steam generator at the time of startup, if hot water is supplied from the water injection pipe, it is changed to superheated steam by the heat of the heating device, so that the superheated steam can be supplied to the cooking container.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a first embodiment of the superheated steam cooking apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a second embodiment of the superheated steam cooking apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a third embodiment of the superheated steam cooking apparatus of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Steam generator 2 Blower 3 Heating device (heat storage tank)
4 Cooking Container 5 Water Tank 6 First Pipe 7 Second Pipe 11 Discharge Pipe 12 Heat Exchanger 18 Food 20 Gas Supply Pipe 22 Water Injection Pipe

Claims (3)

調理容器（４）内に収容した食材（１８）を過熱蒸気で調理する過熱蒸気調理装置において、
蒸気発生装置（１）の貯水槽（５）に熱交換器（１２）を内蔵すると共に湯水を供給可能に設け、貯水槽（５）とブロワ（２）を第一パイプ（６）で接続し、ブロワ（２）と調理容器（４）を第二パイプ（７）で接続し、過熱蒸気を送り出す加熱装置（３）内に第二パイプ（７）の中間部分を通し、調理容器（４）に過熱蒸気の排出パイプ（１１）を接続し、排出パイプ（１１）の中間部分に前記した蒸気発生装置の熱交換器（１２）を接続し、排出パイプ（１１）の先端を貯水槽（５）外に開口してあること特徴とする過熱蒸気調理装置。In the superheated steam cooking apparatus which cooks the foodstuff (18) accommodated in the cooking vessel (4) with superheated steam,
The water storage tank (5) of the steam generator (1) has a built-in heat exchanger (12) and can supply hot water, and the water storage tank (5) and the blower (2) are connected by the first pipe (6). The blower (2) and the cooking vessel (4) are connected by the second pipe (7), and the intermediate portion of the second pipe (7) is passed through the heating device (3) for sending out superheated steam, and the cooking vessel (4) The superheated steam discharge pipe (11) is connected to the middle, the heat exchanger (12) of the steam generator is connected to the middle part of the discharge pipe (11), and the tip of the discharge pipe (11) is connected to the water storage tank (5 ) A superheated steam cooking device that is open to the outside. 第一パイプ（６）の中間部分に気体供給パイプ（２０）を分岐してあることを特徴とする請求項１記載の過熱蒸気調理装置。The superheated steam cooking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas supply pipe (20) is branched at an intermediate portion of the first pipe (6). 第二パイプ（７）は加熱装置（３）とブロワ（２）の間から注水パイプ（２２）を分岐してあることを特徴とする請求項１記載の過熱蒸気調理装置。The superheated steam cooking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second pipe (7) branches off the water injection pipe (22) from between the heating device (3) and the blower (2).
JP2001325025A 2001-10-23 2001-10-23 Superheated steam cooking device Expired - Fee Related JP3798671B2 (en)

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KR102072694B1 (en) * 2019-07-30 2020-02-03 주식회사 효신테크 A combi oven including the heat exchange module

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KR100875615B1 (en) 2008-06-23 2008-12-26 김은재 Auxiliary heating device of boiler
KR100930984B1 (en) * 2009-08-21 2009-12-10 심을섭 Steam and drying automatic processing system using food and medical herbs
WO2020154848A1 (en) * 2019-01-28 2020-08-06 湖北润生食品科技有限公司 Automation system for nine-rotation steaming and airing of sesame
JP7236188B2 (en) * 2020-09-25 2023-03-09 藤精機株式会社 Steam and hot liquid supply device and supply method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102072694B1 (en) * 2019-07-30 2020-02-03 주식회사 효신테크 A combi oven including the heat exchange module

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