JP3792874B2 - Lead-acid battery life determination device, life prediction device, life determination method, and life prediction method - Google Patents

Lead-acid battery life determination device, life prediction device, life determination method, and life prediction method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP3792874B2
JP3792874B2 JP00842398A JP842398A JP3792874B2 JP 3792874 B2 JP3792874 B2 JP 3792874B2 JP 00842398 A JP00842398 A JP 00842398A JP 842398 A JP842398 A JP 842398A JP 3792874 B2 JP3792874 B2 JP 3792874B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
discharge
life
value
voltage value
unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP00842398A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH11204150A (en
Inventor
豊一 森北
哲治 岩本
喜直 石倉
洋一 野村
具文 柴野
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kansai Electric Power Co Inc
Furukawa Battery Co Ltd
GS Yuasa Corp
Shin Kobe Electric Machinery Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Kansai Electric Power Co Inc
Furukawa Battery Co Ltd
GS Yuasa Corp
Shin Kobe Electric Machinery Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kansai Electric Power Co Inc, Furukawa Battery Co Ltd, GS Yuasa Corp, Shin Kobe Electric Machinery Co Ltd filed Critical Kansai Electric Power Co Inc
Priority to JP00842398A priority Critical patent/JP3792874B2/en
Publication of JPH11204150A publication Critical patent/JPH11204150A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3792874B2 publication Critical patent/JP3792874B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/378—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
    • G01R31/379—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator for lead-acid batteries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、鉛蓄電池の寿命判定装置、寿命予測装置、寿命判定方法、及び寿命予測方法に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来技術及びその課題】
鉛蓄電池の寿命を判定する方法としては、種々の方法が開発されている。例えば、鉛蓄電池を定格電流で終止電圧に達するまで完全放電させ、これにより放電容量を確認する方法がある。この方法によれば、最も精度良く寿命を判定することができる。しかし、この方法では、大型の放電試験装置を必要とすること、また、定格放電であるので、一般的に１０時間の放電時間を必要とし、放電後の回復充電にも１０時間以上の時間を必要とすること、などから、実施コストが高くなり、現場において実施するのが困難であるという欠点があった。更に、この方法では、寿命を判定することはできても、あと何年使用できるかという寿命予測を行うことはできなかった。
【０００３】
また、液式鉛蓄電池の場合には、次のような寿命判定方法があった。即ち、▲１▼電解液比重値に基づく方法、▲２▼浮動充電電圧計測値の電池セル間のばらつきの発生や低下に基づく方法、▲３▼電池内部の目視点検による方法。しかし、これらの方法では、容量がどの程度低下しているかを判断できないため、寿命判定の精度が良くなく、寿命予測に至っては不可能であった。
【０００４】
また、シール式鉛蓄電池の場合には、内部インピーダンスを測定し、その変化に基づいて寿命を判定する方法があった。しかし、この方法では、従来の液式鉛蓄電池に対する適用性が不明であった。
【０００５】
ところで、寿命判定の精度を高めるためには、実際に蓄電池を放電させて寿命を測定するのが好ましい。しかし、蓄電池を完全に放電させたり深く放電させたりすると、再充電に時間がかかるという問題がある。特に、無停電電源装置等に実装されている蓄電池の場合には、完全に又は深く放電させて寿命を判定した後に停電が発生すると、装置が動作不能になってしまうという問題がある。また、実際に蓄電池を長時間放電させるためには、定電流放電装置が必要であり、蓄電池の容量が大きい場合には、定電流放電装置がかなり大きくなり、装置コストが高くなるという問題がある。
【０００６】
本発明は、鉛蓄電池の寿命の判定を、短時間で且つ簡単に、しかも現場においても容易に、更に安価に、行うことができ、また、シール式及び液式の両鉛蓄電池に適用できる、寿命判定装置及び寿命判定方法を提供すること、及び従来為し得なかった鉛蓄電池の寿命予測を行うことができる寿命予測装置及び寿命予測方法を提供すること、を目的とする。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、浮動充電使用に用いられる据置鉛蓄電池の現場において容易に実施でき、且つ精度の高い寿命判定を行うことができる方法を開発するために、鋭意研究を重ねて次の知見を得た。即ち、▲１▼鉛蓄電池を大電流で短時間放電した際の放電電流値と放電電圧値とが直線関係にあること。▲２▼鉛蓄電池を大電流で短時間放電した際の放電電圧値と、劣化した電池容量とに、相関関係があり、放電電圧値から容量を推定することが可能であること。▲３▼鉛蓄電池を大電流で短時間放電した際の放電電圧値の、鉛蓄電池の劣化途中の経過時間に対する推移は、経過時間を独立変数ｘとし、放電電圧値を従属変数ｙとする多項式ｙ＝ｆ（ｘ）に近似でき、その近似曲線によって、寿命に至るまでの残年数を精度良く予測できること。
本発明は、上記のような知見に基づいて為されたものである。
【０００８】
請求項１記載の発明は、鉛蓄電池が寿命に至っているか否かを判定する寿命判定装置において、判定対象の鉛蓄電池を大電流で短時間放電させる放電回路と、放電回路における放電電流値及び放電電圧値をそれぞれ測定する電流検出部及び電圧検出部と、放電制御部と、演算判定部と、判定表示部とを備え、上記放電回路は、放電動作をオン・オフするスイッチ部と、抵抗値を２通り以上に設定可能な抵抗部と、上記電流検出部と、上記電圧検出部と、からなっており、放電制御部は、抵抗部の抵抗値を異ならせた状態で放電回路に２回放電を行わせるよう制御するようになっており、演算判定部は、測定された２個の放電電流値及び放電電圧値に基づいて、計算により、特定の放電電流値に対応する放電電圧値を求め、該放電電圧値を、寿命判定の基準値として予め決めておいた放電電圧値と比較し、前者が低い場合に寿命に至っていると判定するようになっており、判定表示部は、演算判定部による判定結果を表示するようになっていることを特徴としている。
【０００９】
請求項２記載の発明は、鉛蓄電池の残り寿命の期間を求める寿命予測装置において、放電データ検出部と、検出制御部と、演算予測部と、予測表示部とからなり、放電データ検出部は、予測対象の鉛蓄電池を大電流で短時間放電させる放電回路と、放電回路における放電電流値及び放電電圧値をそれぞれ測定する電流検出部及び電圧検出部と、放電制御部と、演算検出部とを備え、上記放電回路は、放電動作をオン・オフするスイッチ部と、抵抗値を２通り以上に設定可能な抵抗部と、上記電流検出部と、上記電圧検出部と、からなっており、放電制御部は、抵抗部の抵抗値を異ならせた状態で放電回路に２回放電を行わせるよう制御するようになっており、演算検出部は、測定された２個の放電電流値及び放電電圧値に基づいて、比例計算により、特定の放電電流値に対応する放電電圧値を求めるようになっており、検出制御部は、放電データ検出部を作動させて演算検出部により放電電圧値を求めることを、所定期間を間に置いて、少なくとも３回行わせるようになっており、演算予測部は、放電データ検出部により得られた少なくとも３個の放電電圧値と実使用期間との関係に近似する多項式又は曲線を求め、該式又は曲線に基づいて、寿命判定の基準値として予め決めておいた放電電圧値に達する実使用期間を求め、これにより、残りの寿命期間を求めるようになっており、予測表示部は、演算予測部で求められた残りの寿命期間を表示するようになっていることを特徴としている。
【００１０】
請求項３記載の発明は、請求項２記載の発明において、検出制御部が、放電データ検出部を作動させて演算検出部により求める放電電圧値を、その推移がピークを過ぎて下降期間に在る放電電圧から求めるものである。
【００１１】
請求項４記載の発明は、鉛蓄電池が寿命に至っているか否かを判定する寿命判定方法において、判定対象の鉛蓄電池を定抵抗を介して大電流で短時間放電し、その際の放電電流値と放電電圧値を測定する第１工程と、第１工程の放電終了後に、第１工程とは異なる抵抗値の定抵抗を介して大電流で短時間放電し、その際の放電電流値と放電電圧値を測定する第２工程と、第１及び第２工程の測定値から、計算により、特定の放電電流値に対応する放電電圧値を求める第３工程と、第３工程で求めた放電電圧値を、寿命判定の基準値として予め決めておいた放電電圧値と比較し、前者が低い場合に寿命に至っていると判定する第４工程とを備えたことを特徴としている。
【００１２】
請求項５記載の発明は、鉛蓄電池の残り寿命の期間を求める寿命予測方法において、予測対象の鉛蓄電池を定抵抗を介して大電流で短時間放電し、その際の放電電流値と放電電圧値を測定する第１工程と、第１工程の放電終了後に、第１工程とは異なる抵抗値の定抵抗を介して大電流で短時間放電し、その際の放電電流値と放電電圧値を測定する第２工程と、第１及び第２工程の測定値から、計算により、特定の放電電流値に対応する放電電圧値を求める第３工程と、所定期間経過後に、第１〜第３工程を繰り返して、特定の放電電流値に対応する放電電圧値を求める第４工程と、第４工程を少なくとももう１回行う第５工程と、第３〜第５工程で求めた放電電圧値と実使用期間との関係に近似する多項式又は曲線を求め、該式又は曲線に基づいて、寿命判定の基準値として予め決めておいた放電電圧値に達する実使用期間を求め、これにより、残りの寿命期間を求める第６工程とを備えたことを特徴としている。
【００１３】
請求項６記載の発明は、請求項５記載の発明において、第３〜第５工程で求める放電電圧値を、その推移がピークを過ぎて下降期間に在る放電電圧から求めるものである。
【００１４】
放電回路における大電流とは、具体的には１ＣＡ〜５ＣＡであり、好ましくは３ＣＡである。また、短時間とは、具体的には３０〜２００ｍ秒であり、好ましくは５０ｍ秒である。なお、Ｃは定格容量値であり、３ＣＡは定格容量値の３倍の電流値を示す。
【００１５】
放電制御部及び検出制御部は、自動で制御作動する場合もあるが、外部からの指示により制御作動する場合もある。
【００１６】
請求項１及び４に記載の発明において、ある抵抗値（以下、第１抵抗値と称する）の定抵抗を介して大電流で短時間放電を行い、その際の放電電流値と放電電圧値を測定し（以下、第１測定値と称する）、次に、第１抵抗値とは異なる抵抗値の定抵抗を介して大電流で短時間放電を行い、その際の放電電流値と放電電圧値を測定し（以下、第２測定値と称する）、第１測定値及び第２測定値を、横軸を放電電流値、縦軸を放電電圧値とする座標軸にプロットし、両者を直線で結ぶと、その直線式から、ある特定の放電電流値（例えば定格容量値の整数倍の電流値。以下、特定電流値と称する）に対応する放電電圧値（以下、判定電圧値と称する）が求まる。以上のことは、上記知見▲１▼に基づくものである。
【００１７】
一方、特定電流値に対応する放電電圧値と、劣化した電池容量とには、相関関係があるので、予め、特定電流値に対応する放電電圧値と電池容量との関係を求めておくことにより、判定電圧値から電池容量が求まる。これは、上記知見▲２▼に基づくものである。
【００１８】
従って、特定電流値に対応する放電電圧値と電池容量との関係において、寿命判定の基準値として予め所定の放電電圧値又は電池容量を決めておき、判定電圧値と予め決めておいた基準値とを比較し、前者が低い場合には、寿命に至っていると判定できる。
【００１９】
即ち、請求項１及び４に記載の発明によれば、判定の際に鉛蓄電池に流れる放電電流が一定でなくても、測定値を特定電流値に対応する放電電圧値に換算して、常に一定の基準値に基づく比較を行うことができ、寿命判定を安定して行うことができる。
【００２０】
請求項２及び５に記載の発明において、上記判定電圧値を所定期間を置いて少なくとも３度求め、その値を縦軸ｙに、鉛蓄電池の実使用期間を横軸ｘにプロットし、両者の関係に近似する二次多項式ｙ＝ｆ（ｘ）又は二次曲線を求めると、該式に基づいて又は該曲線を前方に延長することにより、寿命判定の基準値として予め決めておいた放電電圧値に達する実使用期間が求まり、これにより、残りの寿命期間が求まる。これは、上記知見▲３▼に基づくものである。
【００２１】
図９は液式鉛蓄電池における劣化過程中の放電電流値３ＣＡの場合の５０ミリ秒目放電電圧値の推移を示している。ここでは、Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄ，Ｅの５例を示している。図９から、これら５例における放電電圧値の推移が二次多項式によりよく近似されていることが分かる。具体的には、例Ａではｙ＝−１．５６９７ｘ2＋１７．８３３ｘ＋１２６３．９、例Ｂではｙ＝−０．０７５４ｘ3＋０．６２８５ｘ2−０．３６０７ｘ＋１２９５．９、例Ｃではｙ＝−１．５３４１ｘ2＋１８．５２２ｘ＋１２４９．４、例Ｄではｙ＝−１．３４９３ｘ2＋１６．３１３ｘ＋１２６４．４、例Ｅではｙ＝−１．４９４６ｘ2＋１８．６８ｘ＋１２５８となっている。
【００２２】
ところで、大電流で短時間放電を行った際の放電電圧値と、鉛蓄電池の一般的な定格表示容量である１０時間率容量とは、非常に高い相関が確認されているので、その放電電圧値の推移を予想して寿命判定の基準値に達するまでの残りの寿命期間を求めることは、１０時間率容量における容量低下を確認して寿命判定していることになる。
【００２３】
請求項３及び６に記載の発明において、特定の放電電流値に対応する放電電圧値として、その推移がピークを過ぎて下降期間に在る放電電圧から求めるので、該放電電圧値と実使用期間との関係に近似する二次多項式又は二次曲線として、非常に近似したものが求まる。
【００２４】
【発明の実施の形態】
図１は本発明の寿命判定装置又は寿命予測装置を備えた電力供給回路を示す回路図である。図において、商用電源１は整流器２の入力に接続されており、整流器２の出力には負荷３が接続されるとともに組電池４が負荷３と並列に接続されている。組電池４は多数の鉛蓄電池４１が直列に接続されて構成されている。そして、寿命判定装置５又は寿命予測装置６は、組電池４を構成する１個の鉛蓄電池４１に接続されている。
【００２５】
まず、図１において寿命判定装置５を備えた場合について説明する。
図２は寿命判定装置５の構成図である。寿命判定装置５は、鉛蓄電池４１を大電流で短時間放電させる放電回路５０と、放電回路５０における放電電流値及び放電電圧値をそれぞれ測定する電流検出部５１及び電圧検出部５２と、放電制御部５３と、演算判定部５４と、判定表示部５５とを備えている。
【００２６】
放電回路５０は、放電動作をオン・オフするスイッチ部５６と、抵抗値を２通り以上に設定可能な抵抗部５７と、電流検出部５１とが直列に接続され、電圧検出部５２が鉛蓄電池４１の電圧を計測できるように構成されている。５０１，５０２は鉛蓄電池４１への接続端子である。
【００２７】
放電制御部５３は、抵抗部５７の抵抗値を異ならせた状態で放電回路５０に２回放電を行わせるよう制御するようになっている。放電制御部５３は、スイッチ部５６、抵抗部５７、電流検出部５１、及び電圧検出部５２にそれぞれ接続している。放電制御部５３は、自動で制御作動する場合もあるが、外部からの指示により制御作動する場合もある。
【００２８】
演算判定部５４は、測定された２個の放電電流値及び放電電圧値に基づいて、計算により、特定の放電電流値に対応する放電電圧値を求め、該放電電圧値を、寿命判定の基準値として予め決めておいた放電電圧値と比較し、前者が低い場合に寿命に至っていると判定するようになっている。演算判定部５４は、放電制御部５３、電流検出部５１、及び電圧検出部５２にそれぞれ接続している。判定表示部５５は、演算判定部５４に接続しており、演算判定部５４による判定結果を表示するようになっている。
【００２９】
次に、寿命判定装置５の作動について説明する。
まず、放電電流が大電流例えば約２．５ＣＡとなるように抵抗部５７の抵抗値をＲ1に設定する。次に、スイッチ部５６を例えば５０ミリ秒間閉じて放電回路５０により鉛蓄電池４１を放電させる。そして、放電後の放電電流値Ｉ1及び放電電圧値Ｖ1を、電流検出部５１及び電圧検出部５２により測定し、演算判定部５４により記憶する。次に、放電電流が大電流例えば約３．５ＣＡとなるように抵抗部５７の抵抗値をＲ1とは異なるＲ2に設定し、鉛蓄電池４１を同様に放電させて放電後の放電電流値Ｉ2及び放電電圧値Ｖ2を測定し、演算判定部５４により記憶する。
【００３０】
次に、演算判定部５４により、上記測定値Ｉ1，Ｖ1；Ｉ2，Ｖ2に基づいて、計算により、特定の放電電流値Ｉsに対応する放電電圧値Ｖsを求め、放電電圧値Ｖsを、寿命判定の基準値として予め決めておいた放電電圧値Ｖdと比較し、前者が低い場合に寿命に至っていると判定する。
【００３１】
図３は放電電流と放電開始から５０ミリ秒目の放電電圧との関係を示す図である。図３では、横軸を放電電流、縦軸を５０ミリ秒目放電電圧としている。図３中の実線は寿命初期の場合、一点鎖線は寿命末期の場合を示す。図３から分かるように、放電電流と５０ミリ秒目放電電圧とは直線関係にある。従って、図３の座標軸に、上記測定値Ｉ1，Ｖ1；Ｉ2，Ｖ2をプロットし、破線で示すように両者を直線で結ぶと、特定の放電電流値Ｉsに対応する放電電圧値Ｖsが求まる。例えば、Ｉs＝３ＣＡとすると、Ｖs＝１．２Ｖが求まる。
【００３２】
また、図４は、ある一定の設定基準で作られた定格容量の異なる液式鉛蓄電池において、ある電池容量の３ＣＡに相当する定電流による放電の開始から５０ミリ秒目の放電電圧と、電池容量との、相関性を表すデータを示したものである。図４では、横軸を１０時間率容量、縦軸を３ＣＡ−５０ミリ秒目放電電圧としている。図４の場合では、相関係数が０．９５であり、明らかに、大電流で短時間放電を行った際の放電電圧と、電池容量とは、強い相関があると言える。従って、図４から、図３を利用して求めたＶsに対応する電池容量Ｃs＝約１４５０Ａｈが求まる。一方、予め、寿命判定の基準値として、電池容量Ｃd、又は図４からＣdに対応する３ＣＡ−５０ミリ秒目放電電圧Ｖdを決めておく。そして、ＣsとＣd、又はＶsとＶdとを、比較し、Ｃs＜Ｃdの場合、又はＶs＜Ｖdの場合に、寿命に至っていると判定する。例えば、Ｃd＝１０００Ａｈ、即ち図４からＶd＝１．０５Ｖに決めた場合、Ｃs＝約１４５０Ａｈ＞Ｃd、Ｖs＝１．２Ｖ＞Ｖdであるので、鉛蓄電池４１は未だ寿命に至っていないと判定される。
判定表示部５５は、演算判定部５４による判定結果を表示する。
【００３３】
以上のようにして、寿命判定装置５により鉛蓄電池４１の寿命が判定される。従って、寿命判定装置５は、次の寿命判定方法を実施していることになる。即ち、その寿命判定方法は、鉛蓄電池４１を抵抗値Ｒ1である抵抗部５７を介して大電流で短時間放電し、その際の放電電流値Ｉ1と放電電圧値Ｖ1を測定する第１工程と、第１工程の放電終了後に、第１工程とは異なる抵抗値Ｒ2である抵抗部５７を介して大電流で短時間放電し、その際の放電電流値Ｉ2と放電電圧値Ｖ2を測定する第２工程と、第１及び第２工程の測定値から、比例計算により、特定の放電電流値Ｉsに対応する放電電圧値Ｖsを求める第３工程と、第３工程で求めた放電電圧値Ｖsを、寿命判定の基準値として予め決めておいた放電電圧値Ｖdと比較し、前者が低い場合に寿命に至っていると判定する第４工程とを備えている。
【００３４】
次に、図１において寿命予測装置６を備えた場合について説明する。
図５は寿命予測装置６の構成図である。寿命予測装置６は、放電データ検出部６０と、検出制御部６１と、演算予測部６２と、予測表示部６３とを備えている。
【００３５】
放電データ検出部６０は、鉛蓄電池４１を大電流で短時間放電させる放電回路５０と、放電回路５０における放電電流値及び放電電圧値をそれぞれ測定する電流検出部５１及び電圧検出部５２と、放電制御部５３と、演算検出部６４とを備えている。６０１，６０２は鉛蓄電池４１への接続端子である。
【００３６】
放電回路５０及び放電制御部５３は、寿命判定装置５の場合と同じ構成である。演算検出部６４は、測定された２個の放電電流値及び放電電圧値に基づいて、計算により、特定の放電電流値に対応する放電電圧値を求めるようになっている。演算検出部６４は、放電制御部５３、電流検出部５１、及び電圧検出部５２にそれぞれ接続している。
【００３７】
検出制御部６１は、放電データ検出部６０を作動させて演算検出部６４により放電電圧値を求めることを、所定期間を間に置いて、少なくとも３回行わせるようになっている。検出制御部６１は、放電制御部５３及び演算検出部６４にそれぞれ接続している。
【００３８】
演算予測部６２は、放電データ検出部６０により得られた少なくとも３個の放電電圧値と実使用期間との関係に近似する二次多項式又は二次曲線を求め、該式又は曲線に基づいて、寿命判定の基準値として予め決めておいた放電電圧値に達する実使用期間を求め、これにより、残りの寿命期間を求めるようになっている。演算予測部６２は、検出制御部６１に接続している。予測表示部６３は、演算予測部６２に接続しており、演算予測部６２で求められた残りの寿命期間を表示するようになっている。
【００３９】
次に、寿命予測装置６の作動について説明する。
まず、放電回路５０を寿命判定装置５の場合と同様に作動させて、２回の測定値Ｉ1，Ｖ1；Ｉ2，Ｖ2を求め、この測定値に基づいて、演算検出部６４により、特定の放電電流値Ｉsに対応する放電電圧値Ｖs1を求める。
【００４０】
次に、所定期間経過後、上記と同様に作動させて、特定の放電電流値Ｉsに対応する放電電圧値Ｖs2を求める。更に、同様にして、放電電圧値Ｖs3，Ｖs4を求める。そして、演算予測部６２により、これらの放電電圧値と実使用期間との関係に近似する二次多項式又は二次曲線を求め、該式又は曲線に基づいて、寿命判定の基準値として予め決めておいた放電電圧値Ｖdに達する実使用期間Ｈdを求め、これにより、残りの寿命期間を求める。
【００４１】
ところで、図６は３ＣＡ−５０ミリ秒目放電電圧と鉛蓄電池の実使用期間との関係を示す図であり、縦軸ｙは３ＣＡ−５０ミリ秒目放電電圧、横軸ｘは実使用期間である。図６においては、Ｉs＝３ＣＡの場合における放電電圧値Ｖ11，Ｖ12，Ｖ13，Ｖ14，Ｖ15，Ｖ16，Ｖ17，Ｖ18，Ｖ19がプロットされており、両者の関係に近似した二次曲線及び二次多項式（ｙ＝−１．５６９７ｘ2＋１７．８３３ｘ＋１２６３．９）が求められている。この曲線は、放電電圧値が上昇する前半期間とピークを過ぎて下降する後半期間とに分けることができる。図７は放電電圧値Ｖ11〜Ｖ18までのデータに基づいて二次曲線及び二次多項式（ｙ＝−１．２７２９ｘ2＋１３．４３２ｘ＋１２７２．６）を求めた場合を示す。これによって前方予測を行うと、実際の放電電圧値Ｖ19から外れてしまう。ところが、図８に示すように、後半期間のデータ即ちＶ15〜Ｖ18のみに基づいて二次曲線及び二次多項式（ｙ＝−２．７１９２ｘ2＋５１．８７６ｘ＋１０３８．３）を求め、これによって前方予測を行うと、実際の放電電圧値Ｖ19が正しく予測される。
【００４２】
従って、演算検出部６４により求める放電電圧値Ｖs1〜Ｖs4としては、放電電圧値が下降する後半期間のデータを求めるのが好ましい。そして、Ｖs1〜Ｖs4がＶ15〜Ｖ18である場合において、寿命判定基準値Ｖd＝１０００ｍＶとすると、図８から、寿命は約２０ケ月となる。これは、図８の二次多項式のｙに１０００（ｍＶ）を代入してｘを求めても求まる。従って、Ｖ18を測定した時点即ち約１８ケ月からすれば、残り寿命期間は約２ケ月となる。
【００４３】
なお、演算検出部６４により求める放電電圧値Ｖsは上述のような４個に限らず、３個以上であればよい。
【００４４】
以上のようにして、寿命予測装置６により鉛蓄電池４１の寿命が予測される。従って、寿命予測装置６は、次の寿命予測方法を実施していることになる。即ち、その寿命予測方法は、鉛蓄電池４１を抵抗値Ｒ1である抵抗部５７を介して大電流で短時間放電し、その際の放電電流値Ｉ1と放電電圧値Ｖ1を測定する第１工程と、第１工程の放電終了後に、第１工程とは異なる抵抗値Ｒ2である抵抗部５７を介して大電流で短時間放電し、その際の放電電流値Ｉ2と放電電圧値Ｖ2を測定する第２工程と、第１及び第２工程の測定値から、計算により、特定の放電電流値Ｉsに対応する放電電圧値Ｖs1を求める第３工程と、所定期間経過後に、第１〜第３工程を繰り返して、特定の放電電流値Ｉsに対応する放電電圧値Ｖs2を求める第４工程と、第４工程を少なくとももう１回、ここでは２回行って特定の放電電流値Ｉsに対応する放電電圧値Ｖs3，Ｖs4を求める第５工程と、第３〜第５工程で求めた放電電圧値Ｖs1〜Ｖs4と実使用期間との関係に近似する二次多項式又は二次曲線を求め、該式又は曲線に基づいて、寿命判定の基準値として予め決めておいた放電電圧値Ｖdに達する実使用期間を求め、これにより、残りの寿命期間を求める第６工程とを備えている。
【００４５】
【発明の効果】
請求項１又は４に記載の発明によれば、鉛蓄電池を２回放電させてそれぞれ放電電流値及び放電電圧値を測定し、後は演算を行うだけであるので、鉛蓄電池の寿命の判定を短時間で且つ簡単に行うことができる。特に、従来の定格放電容量試験に比して飛躍的に判定時間を短縮でき、保守管理者の負担を大きく低減できる。しかも、寿命判定装置の構成は簡単であるので、寿命判定を現場においても容易に、更に安価に、行うことができる。また、鉛蓄電池を放電させることにより判定を行うので、シール式及び液式の両鉛蓄電池の寿命の判定を行うことができる。
【００４６】
請求項２又は５に記載の発明によれば、従来為し得なかった鉛蓄電池の寿命予測を行うことができる。従って、蓄電池設備の計画的且つ適正な更新を行うことができ、保守管理者の負担を大きく低減できる。しかも、鉛蓄電池を数回放電させてそれぞれ放電電流値及び放電電圧値を測定し、後は演算を行うだけであるので、鉛蓄電池の寿命の予測を短時間で且つ簡単に行うことができる。更に、寿命予測装置の構成は簡単であるので、寿命予測を現場においても容易に、更に安価に、行うことができる。また、鉛蓄電池を放電させることにより予測を行うので、シール式及び液式の両鉛蓄電池の寿命の予測を行うことができる。
【００４７】
請求項３又は６に記載の発明によれば、特定の放電電流値に対応する放電電圧値と実使用期間との関係により近似した二次多項式又は二次曲線を求めることができるので、鉛蓄電池の寿命の予測をより正確に行うことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明の寿命判定装置又は寿命予測装置を備えた電力供給回路を示す回路図である。
【図２】 寿命判定装置の構成図である。
【図３】 放電電流と５０ミリ秒目放電電圧との関係を示す図である。
【図４】 液式鉛蓄電池における、３ＣＡ−５０ミリ秒目放電電圧と電池容量との相関性を表すデータを示す図である。
【図５】 寿命予測装置の構成図である。
【図６】 ３ＣＡ−５０ミリ秒目放電電圧と鉛蓄電池の実使用期間との関係を示す図である。
【図７】 図６のデータの内の最後のデータを除いた場合の図６と同様の図である。
【図８】 図７のデータの内の前半期間のデータを除いた場合の図６と同様の図である。
【図９】 液式鉛蓄電池における劣化過程中の３ＣＡ−５０ミリ秒目放電電圧の推移の例を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
４１ 鉛蓄電池
５ 寿命判定装置
５０ 放電回路
５１ 電流検出部
５２ 電圧検出部
５３ 放電制御部
５４ 演算判定部
５５ 判定表示部
５６ スイッチ部
５７ 抵抗部
６ 寿命予測装置
６０ 放電データ検出部
６１ 検出制御部
６２ 演算予測部
６３ 予測表示部
６４ 演算検出部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a life determination device, a life prediction device, a life determination method, and a life prediction method for a lead storage battery.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
Various methods have been developed for determining the life of lead-acid batteries. For example, there is a method in which a lead storage battery is completely discharged at a rated current until a final voltage is reached, thereby confirming the discharge capacity. According to this method, the lifetime can be determined with the highest accuracy. However, this method requires a large discharge test apparatus and is rated discharge, so generally requires 10 hours of discharge time, and recovery charge after discharge also takes 10 hours or more. Due to the necessity, the implementation cost is high, and it is difficult to implement on site. Furthermore, in this method, although the lifetime can be determined, it has not been possible to predict how many years it can be used.
[0003]
Further, in the case of a liquid lead-acid battery, there has been a life determination method as follows. That is, (1) a method based on the electrolyte specific gravity value, (2) a method based on the occurrence or decrease of variation in the measured value of the floating charge voltage between battery cells, and (3) a method by visual inspection inside the battery. However, with these methods, it is impossible to determine how much the capacity has been reduced, so the accuracy of life determination is not good, and life prediction has been impossible.
[0004]
In the case of a sealed lead-acid battery, there is a method of measuring the internal impedance and determining the life based on the change. However, in this method, applicability to a conventional liquid lead-acid battery has been unknown.
[0005]
By the way, in order to increase the accuracy of the life determination, it is preferable to actually discharge the storage battery and measure the life. However, when the storage battery is completely discharged or deeply discharged, there is a problem that recharging takes time. In particular, in the case of a storage battery mounted on an uninterruptible power supply device or the like, there is a problem that the device becomes inoperable when a power failure occurs after the life is determined by discharging completely or deeply. In addition, in order to actually discharge the storage battery for a long time, a constant current discharge device is necessary. When the capacity of the storage battery is large, the constant current discharge device becomes considerably large, resulting in a high device cost. .
[0006]
The present invention can determine the life of a lead-acid battery in a short time, easily and easily in the field, more inexpensively, and can be applied to both sealed and liquid-type lead acid batteries. An object of the present invention is to provide a life determination device and a life determination method, and to provide a life prediction device and a life prediction method capable of predicting the life of a lead storage battery that could not be achieved in the past.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to develop a method that can be easily carried out in the field of stationary lead-acid batteries used for floating charging and that can perform highly accurate life determination, the present inventors have conducted earnest research and obtained the following knowledge. Obtained. (1) The discharge current value and the discharge voltage value when the lead storage battery is discharged with a large current for a short time have a linear relationship. (2) There is a correlation between the discharge voltage value when the lead storage battery is discharged with a large current for a short time and the deteriorated battery capacity, and the capacity can be estimated from the discharge voltage value. (3) The transition of the discharge voltage value when the lead storage battery is discharged for a short time with a large current with respect to the elapsed time during the deterioration of the lead storage battery is a polynomial in which the elapsed time is an independent variable x and the discharge voltage value is a dependent variable y. It can be approximated to y = f (x), and the remaining years until the end of the life can be accurately predicted by the approximate curve.
The present invention has been made based on the above findings.
[0008]
The invention according to claim 1 is a life determination device for determining whether or not a lead storage battery has reached the end of its life, a discharge circuit that discharges the lead storage battery to be determined with a large current for a short time, and a discharge current value and discharge in the discharge circuit A current detection unit and a voltage detection unit for measuring each voltage value, a discharge control unit, a calculation determination unit, and a determination display unit, the above The discharge circuit includes a switch unit for turning on / off the discharge operation, and a resistor unit capable of setting the resistance value to two or more. , The current detection unit, the voltage detection unit, The discharge control unit is configured to control the discharge circuit to discharge twice in a state where the resistance values of the resistance units are different, and the calculation determination unit includes two measured values. Based on the discharge current value and the discharge voltage value, a discharge voltage value corresponding to a specific discharge current value is obtained by calculation, and the discharge voltage value is compared with a discharge voltage value determined in advance as a reference value for life determination. However, when the former is low, it is determined that the lifetime has been reached, and the determination display unit displays a determination result by the calculation determination unit.
[0009]
The invention according to claim 2 is a life prediction apparatus for determining the remaining life of a lead-acid battery, comprising a discharge data detection unit, a detection control unit, a calculation prediction unit, and a prediction display unit. A discharge circuit for discharging the lead storage battery to be predicted for a short time with a large current, a current detection unit and a voltage detection unit for measuring a discharge current value and a discharge voltage value in the discharge circuit, a discharge control unit, and an arithmetic detection unit, With the above The discharge circuit includes a switch unit for turning on / off the discharge operation, and a resistor unit capable of setting the resistance value to two or more. , The current detection unit, the voltage detection unit, The discharge control unit controls the discharge circuit to discharge twice in a state in which the resistance value of the resistance unit is different. A discharge voltage value corresponding to a specific discharge current value is obtained by proportional calculation based on the discharge current value and the discharge voltage value, and the detection control unit operates the discharge data detection unit to calculate the detection unit. The discharge voltage value is obtained at least three times with a predetermined period in between, and the calculation predicting unit performs actual calculation with at least three discharge voltage values obtained by the discharge data detecting unit. A polynomial or curve that approximates the relationship with the service life is obtained, and based on the equation or curve, an actual service life that reaches a discharge voltage value that is determined in advance as a reference value for service life is determined. I'll ask for a period Has become the prediction display unit is characterized in that is adapted to display the remaining lifetime obtained by the calculation prediction unit.
[0010]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect of the present invention, the detection control unit operates the discharge data detection unit to obtain the discharge voltage value obtained by the calculation detection unit, and the transition thereof exceeds the peak and is in the falling period. It is obtained from the discharge voltage.
[0011]
The invention according to claim 4 is a life determination method for determining whether or not a lead storage battery has reached the end of its life, wherein the lead storage battery to be determined is discharged for a short time with a large current via a constant resistance, and the discharge current value at that time The first step of measuring the discharge voltage value, and after the end of the discharge of the first step, the discharge is performed for a short time with a large current through a constant resistance having a resistance value different from that of the first step. A second step of measuring a voltage value, a third step of obtaining a discharge voltage value corresponding to a specific discharge current value by calculation from the measured values of the first and second steps, and a discharge voltage obtained in the third step A value is compared with a discharge voltage value determined in advance as a reference value for life determination, and a fourth step is provided for determining that the life is reached when the former is low.
[0012]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the life prediction method for determining the remaining life of the lead storage battery, the lead storage battery to be predicted is discharged for a short time with a large current through a constant resistance, and the discharge current value and the discharge voltage at that time After the first step of measuring the value and the discharge of the first step, the discharge is performed for a short time with a large current through a constant resistance having a resistance value different from that of the first step, and the discharge current value and the discharge voltage value at that time are A second step to be measured; a third step for obtaining a discharge voltage value corresponding to a specific discharge current value by calculation from the measured values of the first and second steps; and a first to a third step after a predetermined period of time has elapsed. Are repeated, the fourth step for obtaining the discharge voltage value corresponding to the specific discharge current value, the fifth step for performing the fourth step at least once more, and the discharge voltage values obtained in the third to fifth steps and the actual values. Obtain a polynomial or curve that approximates the relationship with the period of use, and based on this formula or curve There are, seeking actual use period to reach the discharge voltage value determined in advance as a reference value of lifetime judgment, thereby, it is characterized in that a sixth step of obtaining a remaining lifetime.
[0013]
According to a sixth aspect of the invention, in the fifth aspect of the invention, the discharge voltage value obtained in the third to fifth steps is obtained from the discharge voltage whose transition exceeds the peak and is in the falling period.
[0014]
Specifically, the large current in the discharge circuit is 1 CA to 5 CA, preferably 3 CA. The short time is specifically 30 to 200 msec, preferably 50 msec. C is a rated capacity value, and 3CA indicates a current value that is three times the rated capacity value.
[0015]
The discharge control unit and the detection control unit may be automatically controlled and operated, but may be controlled by an instruction from the outside.
[0016]
In the first and fourth aspects of the invention, discharge is performed for a short time with a large current through a constant resistance having a certain resistance value (hereinafter referred to as a first resistance value), and the discharge current value and the discharge voltage value at that time are determined. Measured (hereinafter referred to as the first measured value), and then discharged for a short time with a large current through a constant resistance having a resistance value different from the first resistance value, and the discharge current value and the discharge voltage value at that time (Hereinafter referred to as the second measurement value), the first measurement value and the second measurement value are plotted on the coordinate axis with the horizontal axis representing the discharge current value and the vertical axis representing the discharge voltage value, and the two are connected by a straight line. From the linear equation, a discharge voltage value (hereinafter referred to as a determination voltage value) corresponding to a specific discharge current value (for example, a current value that is an integral multiple of the rated capacity value; hereinafter referred to as a specific current value) is obtained. . The above is based on the above knowledge (1).
[0017]
On the other hand, since there is a correlation between the discharge voltage value corresponding to the specific current value and the deteriorated battery capacity, the relationship between the discharge voltage value corresponding to the specific current value and the battery capacity is obtained in advance. The battery capacity is obtained from the determination voltage value. This is based on the above finding (2).
[0018]
Therefore, in the relationship between the discharge voltage value corresponding to the specific current value and the battery capacity, a predetermined discharge voltage value or battery capacity is determined in advance as a reference value for life determination, and the determination voltage value and a predetermined reference value are determined. If the former is low, it can be determined that the life has been reached.
[0019]
That is, according to the first and fourth aspects of the invention, even when the discharge current flowing through the lead storage battery is not constant at the time of determination, the measured value is always converted into the discharge voltage value corresponding to the specific current value. Comparison based on a fixed reference value can be performed, and life determination can be performed stably.
[0020]
In the inventions of claims 2 and 5, the determination voltage value is obtained at least three times over a predetermined period, the value is plotted on the vertical axis y, and the actual usage period of the lead storage battery is plotted on the horizontal axis x. When a quadratic polynomial y = f (x) or a quadratic curve that approximates the relationship is obtained, a discharge voltage that is determined in advance as a reference value for life determination based on the formula or by extending the curve forward The actual use period that reaches the value is determined, thereby determining the remaining lifetime. This is based on the above finding (3).
[0021]
FIG. 9 shows the transition of the discharge voltage value at the 50 millisecond when the discharge current value is 3 CA during the deterioration process in the liquid lead-acid battery. Here, five examples of A, B, C, D, and E are shown. From FIG. 9, it can be seen that the transition of the discharge voltage value in these five examples is well approximated by a second order polynomial. Specifically, in Example A, y = −1.5697x 2 + 17.833x + 1263.9, in example B y = −0.0754x Three + 0.6285x 2 -0.3607x + 1295.9, in example C y = -1.5341x 2 + 18.522x + 1249.4, in example D y = -1.3493x 2 + 16.313x + 1264.4, in example E y = -1.4946x 2 It is + 18.68x + 1258.
[0022]
By the way, since the discharge voltage value at the time of performing a short-time discharge with a large current and the 10-hour rate capacity that is a general rated display capacity of a lead storage battery, a very high correlation has been confirmed, the discharge voltage Expecting the transition of the value and obtaining the remaining life period until reaching the reference value of the life judgment means that the life is judged by confirming the capacity decrease in the 10 hour rate capacity.
[0023]
In the inventions according to claims 3 and 6, the discharge voltage value corresponding to the specific discharge current value is obtained from the discharge voltage whose transition exceeds the peak and is in the falling period. As a quadratic polynomial or quadratic curve that approximates the relationship,
[0024]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a power supply circuit provided with a life determination device or a life prediction device of the present invention. In the figure, a commercial power source 1 is connected to an input of a rectifier 2, and a load 3 is connected to an output of the rectifier 2 and an assembled battery 4 is connected in parallel with the load 3. The assembled battery 4 includes a large number of lead storage batteries 41 connected in series. The life determination device 5 or the life prediction device 6 is connected to one lead storage battery 41 constituting the assembled battery 4.
[0025]
First, the case where the life determination apparatus 5 is provided in FIG. 1 will be described.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of the life determination device 5. The life determination device 5 includes a discharge circuit 50 that discharges the lead storage battery 41 with a large current for a short time, a current detection unit 51 and a voltage detection unit 52 that measure a discharge current value and a discharge voltage value in the discharge circuit 50, and discharge control. A unit 53, a calculation determination unit 54, and a determination display unit 55 are provided.
[0026]
In the discharge circuit 50, a switch unit 56 for turning on / off a discharge operation, a resistor unit 57 capable of setting two or more resistance values, and a current detection unit 51 are connected in series, and the voltage detection unit 52 is a lead storage battery. It is comprised so that the voltage of 41 can be measured. Reference numerals 501 and 502 are connection terminals to the lead storage battery 41.
[0027]
The discharge control unit 53 controls the discharge circuit 50 to discharge twice with the resistance value of the resistance unit 57 varied. The discharge control unit 53 is connected to the switch unit 56, the resistor unit 57, the current detection unit 51, and the voltage detection unit 52, respectively. The discharge control unit 53 may be controlled and operated automatically, but may be controlled and operated according to an instruction from the outside.
[0028]
The calculation determination unit 54 obtains a discharge voltage value corresponding to a specific discharge current value by calculation based on the two measured discharge current values and discharge voltage values, and uses the discharge voltage value as a reference for life determination. Compared with the discharge voltage value determined in advance as a value, when the former is low, it is determined that the lifetime has been reached. The operation determination unit 54 is connected to the discharge control unit 53, the current detection unit 51, and the voltage detection unit 52, respectively. The determination display unit 55 is connected to the calculation determination unit 54 and displays a determination result by the calculation determination unit 54.
[0029]
Next, the operation of the life determination device 5 will be described.
First, the resistance value of the resistance portion 57 is set to R so that the discharge current becomes a large current, for example, about 2.5 CA. 1 Set to. Next, the switch unit 56 is closed for 50 milliseconds, for example, and the lead storage battery 41 is discharged by the discharge circuit 50. And the discharge current value I after discharge 1 And discharge voltage value V 1 Is measured by the current detection unit 51 and the voltage detection unit 52, and is stored by the calculation determination unit 54. Next, the resistance value of the resistance portion 57 is set to R so that the discharge current becomes a large current, for example, about 3.5 CA. 1 Different from R 2 The discharge current value I after discharging the lead storage battery 41 in the same manner 2 And discharge voltage value V 2 Is measured and stored by the operation determination unit 54.
[0030]
Next, the measured value I is calculated by the calculation determination unit 54. 1 , V 1 I 2 , V 2 Based on the calculation, a specific discharge current value I s Discharge voltage value V corresponding to s The discharge voltage value V s Is a discharge voltage value V determined in advance as a reference value for life determination. d When the former is low, it is determined that the lifetime has been reached.
[0031]
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the discharge current and the discharge voltage at 50 milliseconds from the start of discharge. In FIG. 3, the horizontal axis represents the discharge current, and the vertical axis represents the 50 millisecond discharge voltage. The solid line in FIG. 3 indicates the case at the beginning of the life, and the alternate long and short dash line indicates the case at the end of the life. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the discharge current and the 50-millisecond discharge voltage have a linear relationship. Therefore, the measured value I is plotted on the coordinate axes of FIG. 1 , V 1 I 2 , V 2 And connecting them with a straight line as shown by a broken line, a specific discharge current value I s Discharge voltage value V corresponding to s Is obtained. For example, I s = 3CA, V s = 1.2V is obtained.
[0032]
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a liquid lead-acid battery with different rated capacities made according to a certain setting standard, a discharge voltage at 50 milliseconds from the start of discharge with a constant current corresponding to 3CA of a certain battery capacity, The data showing the correlation with the capacity is shown. In FIG. 4, the horizontal axis represents the 10 hour rate capacity, and the vertical axis represents the 3CA-50 millisecond discharge voltage. In the case of FIG. 4, the correlation coefficient is 0.95. Clearly, it can be said that there is a strong correlation between the discharge voltage when discharging for a short time with a large current and the battery capacity. Therefore, from FIG. 4, V obtained using FIG. s Battery capacity C corresponding to s = About 1450 Ah is obtained. On the other hand, the battery capacity C d Or from FIG. d 3CA-50 ms discharge voltage V corresponding to d Decide. And C s And C d Or V s And V d And C s <C d Or V s <V d In this case, it is determined that the life has been reached. For example, C d = 1000Ah, that is, V from FIG. d = 1.05V, C s = About 1450 Ah> C d , V s = 1.2V> V d Therefore, it is determined that the lead storage battery 41 has not yet reached the end of its life.
The determination display unit 55 displays the determination result by the calculation determination unit 54.
[0033]
As described above, the lifetime of the lead storage battery 41 is determined by the lifetime determination device 5. Therefore, the lifetime determination apparatus 5 is performing the following lifetime determination method. In other words, the life judging method is such that the lead storage battery 41 has a resistance value R. 1 Is discharged for a short time with a large current through the resistance portion 57, and the discharge current value I at that time 1 And discharge voltage value V 1 The first step of measuring the resistance R after the discharge of the first step is different from the first step 2 Is discharged for a short time with a large current through the resistance portion 57, and the discharge current value I at that time 2 And discharge voltage value V 2 Specific discharge current value I by proportional calculation from the measured value of the second step and the first and second steps. s Discharge voltage value V corresponding to s And the discharge voltage value V determined in the third step. s Is a discharge voltage value V determined in advance as a reference value for life determination. d And a fourth step of determining that the lifetime is reached when the former is low.
[0034]
Next, the case where the life prediction apparatus 6 is provided in FIG. 1 will be described.
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of the life prediction apparatus 6. The life prediction apparatus 6 includes a discharge data detection unit 60, a detection control unit 61, a calculation prediction unit 62, and a prediction display unit 63.
[0035]
The discharge data detection unit 60 includes a discharge circuit 50 that discharges the lead storage battery 41 with a large current for a short time, a current detection unit 51 and a voltage detection unit 52 that measure a discharge current value and a discharge voltage value in the discharge circuit 50, respectively, A control unit 53 and a calculation detection unit 64 are provided. Reference numerals 601 and 602 are connection terminals to the lead storage battery 41.
[0036]
The discharge circuit 50 and the discharge control unit 53 have the same configuration as that of the life determination device 5. The calculation detector 64 obtains a discharge voltage value corresponding to a specific discharge current value by calculation based on the two measured discharge current values and discharge voltage values. The calculation detection unit 64 is connected to the discharge control unit 53, the current detection unit 51, and the voltage detection unit 52, respectively.
[0037]
The detection control unit 61 operates the discharge data detection unit 60 and obtains the discharge voltage value by the calculation detection unit 64 at least three times with a predetermined period in between. The detection control unit 61 is connected to the discharge control unit 53 and the calculation detection unit 64, respectively.
[0038]
The calculation prediction unit 62 obtains a quadratic polynomial or quadratic curve that approximates the relationship between the actual use period and at least three discharge voltage values obtained by the discharge data detection unit 60, and based on the equation or curve, An actual use period that reaches a discharge voltage value determined in advance as a reference value for determining the life is obtained, and thereby the remaining life period is obtained. The calculation prediction unit 62 is connected to the detection control unit 61. The prediction display unit 63 is connected to the calculation prediction unit 62, and displays the remaining lifetime determined by the calculation prediction unit 62.
[0039]
Next, the operation of the life prediction apparatus 6 will be described.
First, the discharge circuit 50 is operated in the same manner as in the case of the life determination device 5, and two measured values I 1 , V 1 I 2 , V 2 And a specific discharge current value I is calculated by the calculation detection unit 64 based on the measured value. s Discharge voltage value V corresponding to s1 Ask for.
[0040]
Next, after a predetermined period of time, a specific discharge current value I is operated in the same manner as described above. s Discharge voltage value V corresponding to s2 Ask for. Further, similarly, the discharge voltage value V s3 , V s4 Ask for. Then, the calculation prediction unit 62 obtains a quadratic polynomial or quadratic curve that approximates the relationship between the discharge voltage value and the actual use period, and is determined in advance as a reference value for life determination based on the equation or the curve. Oita discharge voltage value V d Actual use period H to reach d Thus, the remaining lifetime is obtained.
[0041]
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the 3CA-50 millisecond discharge voltage and the actual usage period of the lead-acid battery. The vertical axis y is the 3CA-50 millisecond discharge voltage, and the horizontal axis x is the actual usage period. is there. In FIG. s = Discharge voltage value V in the case of 3CA 11 , V 12 , V 13 , V 14 , V 15 , V 16 , V 17 , V 18 , V 19 Are plotted, and a quadratic curve and a quadratic polynomial (y = −1.5697x) approximating the relationship between the two. 2 + 17.833x + 1263.9). This curve can be divided into a first half period in which the discharge voltage value rises and a second half period in which the discharge voltage value falls after passing the peak. FIG. 7 shows the discharge voltage value V 11 ~ V 18 Based on the data up to and including the quadratic curve and quadratic polynomial (y = -1.2729x 2 + 13.432x + 1272.6) is obtained. As a result, when the forward prediction is performed, the actual discharge voltage value V 19 It will come off. However, as shown in FIG. 15 ~ V 18 A quadratic curve and a quadratic polynomial (y = −2.7192x 2 + 51.766x + 1038.3) and forward prediction is thereby performed, the actual discharge voltage value V 19 Is predicted correctly.
[0042]
Therefore, the discharge voltage value V obtained by the calculation detection unit 64 s1 ~ V s4 It is preferable to obtain data in the latter half of the period when the discharge voltage value decreases. And V s1 ~ V s4 Is V 15 ~ V 18 In this case, the life criterion value V d Assuming = 1000 mV, the lifetime is about 20 months from FIG. This can also be obtained by substituting 1000 (mV) into y of the second order polynomial in FIG. 8 to obtain x. Therefore, V 18 The remaining lifetime is about 2 months from the time of measurement, that is, about 18 months.
[0043]
The discharge voltage value V obtained by the calculation detection unit 64 s Is not limited to four as described above, but may be three or more.
[0044]
As described above, the lifetime of the lead storage battery 41 is predicted by the lifetime prediction device 6. Therefore, the life prediction apparatus 6 is performing the following life prediction method. In other words, the life prediction method uses a lead-acid battery 41 with a resistance value R. 1 Is discharged for a short time with a large current through the resistance portion 57, and the discharge current value I at that time 1 And discharge voltage value V 1 The first step of measuring the resistance R after the discharge of the first step is different from the first step 2 Is discharged for a short time with a large current through the resistance portion 57, and the discharge current value I at that time 2 And discharge voltage value V 2 The specific discharge current value I is calculated from the second step of measuring the first step and the measured values of the first and second steps. s Discharge voltage value V corresponding to s1 After a predetermined period has elapsed and the first to third steps are repeated, a specific discharge current value I s Discharge voltage value V corresponding to s2 And the fourth step is performed at least once more, here twice, to obtain a specific discharge current value I s Discharge voltage value V corresponding to s3 , V s4 The discharge voltage value V obtained in the fifth step and the third to fifth steps. s1 ~ V s4 A quadratic polynomial or quadratic curve that approximates the relationship between the actual use period and the discharge voltage value V determined in advance as a reference value for life determination based on the equation or curve d And a sixth step of obtaining the remaining life period.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
According to the invention described in claim 1 or 4, the lead storage battery is discharged twice to measure the discharge current value and the discharge voltage value, respectively, and thereafter only the calculation is performed. It can be done in a short time and easily. In particular, the determination time can be drastically shortened compared with the conventional rated discharge capacity test, and the burden on the maintenance manager can be greatly reduced. In addition, since the configuration of the life determination device is simple, the life determination can be easily performed at a low cost on site. Further, since the determination is made by discharging the lead storage battery, it is possible to determine the life of both the seal type and the liquid type lead storage batteries.
[0046]
According to the invention described in claim 2 or 5, it is possible to predict the life of the lead storage battery which could not be achieved conventionally. Therefore, the storage battery equipment can be updated systematically and appropriately, and the burden on the maintenance manager can be greatly reduced. In addition, since the lead storage battery is discharged several times, the discharge current value and the discharge voltage value are measured, and the calculation is performed thereafter, the life of the lead storage battery can be predicted in a short time and simply. Furthermore, since the configuration of the life prediction apparatus is simple, the life prediction can be performed easily and at a lower cost in the field. In addition, since the prediction is performed by discharging the lead storage battery, it is possible to predict the life of both the sealed and liquid lead storage batteries.
[0047]
According to the invention described in claim 3 or 6, since a quadratic polynomial or quadratic curve approximated by the relationship between the discharge voltage value corresponding to the specific discharge current value and the actual use period can be obtained, the lead storage battery The lifetime can be predicted more accurately.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a power supply circuit including a life determination device or a life prediction device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a life determination device.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between a discharge current and a 50-millisecond discharge voltage.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing data representing the correlation between 3CA-50 ms discharge voltage and battery capacity in a liquid lead acid battery.
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a life prediction apparatus.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the 3CA-50 millisecond discharge voltage and the actual usage period of the lead-acid battery.
7 is a diagram similar to FIG. 6 when the last data in the data of FIG. 6 is excluded.
8 is a diagram similar to FIG. 6 when the data of the first half period is excluded from the data of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of transition of discharge voltage at 3CA-50 milliseconds during a deterioration process in a liquid lead-acid battery.
[Explanation of symbols]
41 Lead acid battery
5 Life judgment device
50 Discharge circuit
51 Current detector
52 Voltage detector
53 Discharge controller
54 Operation determination unit
55 Judgment display
56 Switch part
57 Resistance section
6 Life prediction device
60 Discharge data detector
61 Detection control unit
62 Calculation Prediction Unit
63 Prediction display section
64 Operation detection unit

Claims (6)

鉛蓄電池が寿命に至っているか否かを判定する寿命判定装置において、
判定対象の鉛蓄電池を大電流で短時間放電させる放電回路と、
放電回路における放電電流値及び放電電圧値をそれぞれ測定する電流検出部及び電圧検出部と、
放電制御部と、演算判定部と、判定表示部とを備え、
上記放電回路は、放電動作をオン・オフするスイッチ部と、抵抗値を２通り以上に設定可能な抵抗部と、上記電流検出部と、上記電圧検出部と、からなっており、
放電制御部は、抵抗部の抵抗値を異ならせた状態で放電回路に２回放電を行わせるよう制御するようになっており、
演算判定部は、測定された２個の放電電流値及び放電電圧値に基づいて、計算により、特定の放電電流値に対応する放電電圧値を求め、該放電電圧値を、寿命判定の基準値として予め決めておいた放電電圧値と比較し、前者が低い場合に寿命に至っていると判定するようになっており、
判定表示部は、演算判定部による判定結果を表示するようになっていることを特徴とする寿命判定装置。In the life judging device for judging whether or not the lead storage battery has reached the end of its life,
A discharge circuit for discharging a lead storage battery to be judged with a large current for a short time;
A current detection unit and a voltage detection unit for measuring a discharge current value and a discharge voltage value in the discharge circuit, respectively;
A discharge control unit, a calculation determination unit, and a determination display unit,
The discharge circuit includes a switch unit for turning on / off a discharge operation, a resistor unit capable of setting a resistance value in two or more ways , the current detection unit, and the voltage detection unit .
The discharge control unit is configured to control the discharge circuit to discharge twice in a state where the resistance value of the resistance unit is different,
The calculation determination unit obtains a discharge voltage value corresponding to a specific discharge current value by calculation based on the two measured discharge current values and discharge voltage values, and uses the discharge voltage value as a reference value for life determination. As compared with the discharge voltage value determined in advance, when the former is low, it is determined that the life has been reached,
The determination display unit is configured to display a determination result by the calculation determination unit. 鉛蓄電池の残り寿命の期間を求める寿命予測装置において、
放電データ検出部と、検出制御部と、演算予測部と、予測表示部とからなり、
放電データ検出部は、予測対象の鉛蓄電池を大電流で短時間放電させる放電回路と、放電回路における放電電流値及び放電電圧値をそれぞれ測定する電流検出部及び電圧検出部と、放電制御部と、演算検出部とを備え、上記放電回路は、放電動作をオン・オフするスイッチ部と、抵抗値を２通り以上に設定可能な抵抗部と、上記電流検出部と、上記電圧検出部と、からなっており、放電制御部は、抵抗部の抵抗値を異ならせた状態で放電回路に２回放電を行わせるよう制御するようになっており、演算検出部は、測定された２個の放電電流値及び放電電圧値に基づいて、比例計算により、特定の放電電流値に対応する放電電圧値を求めるようになっており、
検出制御部は、放電データ検出部を作動させて演算検出部により放電電圧値を求めることを、所定期間を間に置いて、少なくとも３回行わせるようになっており、
演算予測部は、放電データ検出部により得られた少なくとも３個の放電電圧値と実使用期間との関係に近似する多項式又は曲線を求め、該式又は曲線に基づいて、寿命判定の基準値として予め決めておいた放電電圧値に達する実使用期間を求め、これにより、残りの寿命期間を求めるようになっており、
予測表示部は、演算予測部で求められた残りの寿命期間を表示するようになっていることを特徴とする寿命予測装置。In a life prediction device that calculates the remaining life of a lead storage battery,
It consists of a discharge data detection unit, a detection control unit, a calculation prediction unit, and a prediction display unit,
The discharge data detection unit includes a discharge circuit for discharging the lead storage battery to be predicted for a short time with a large current, a current detection unit and a voltage detection unit for measuring a discharge current value and a discharge voltage value in the discharge circuit, a discharge control unit, , and an arithmetic detection unit, the discharge circuit includes a switch unit for turning on and off the discharge operation, the settable resistance unit resistance value than two kinds, and the current detector, and the voltage detecting unit, The discharge control unit controls the discharge circuit to discharge twice in a state in which the resistance value of the resistance unit is different. Based on the discharge current value and the discharge voltage value, the discharge voltage value corresponding to the specific discharge current value is obtained by proportional calculation,
The detection control unit operates the discharge data detection unit and obtains the discharge voltage value by the calculation detection unit at least three times with a predetermined period in between,
The calculation prediction unit obtains a polynomial or curve that approximates the relationship between the actual use period and at least three discharge voltage values obtained by the discharge data detection unit, and uses the equation or curve as a reference value for life determination. The actual use period to reach a predetermined discharge voltage value is obtained, and the remaining life period is obtained by this.
The prediction display unit is configured to display the remaining lifetime determined by the calculation prediction unit. 検出制御部が、放電データ検出部を作動させて演算検出部により求める放電電圧値を、その推移がピークを過ぎて下降期間に在る放電電圧から求める請求項２記載の寿命予測装置。The life prediction apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the detection control unit determines the discharge voltage value obtained by the calculation detection unit by operating the discharge data detection unit from the discharge voltage whose transition exceeds the peak and is in the falling period. 鉛蓄電池が寿命に至っているか否かを判定する寿命判定方法において、
判定対象の鉛蓄電池を定抵抗を介して大電流で短時間放電し、その際の放電電流値と放電電圧値を測定する第１工程と、
第１工程の放電終了後に、第１工程とは異なる抵抗値の定抵抗を介して大電流で短時間放電し、その際の放電電流値と放電電圧値を測定する第２工程と、
第１及び第２工程の測定値から、計算により、特定の放電電流値に対応する放電電圧値を求める第３工程と、
第３工程で求めた放電電圧値を、寿命判定の基準値として予め決めておいた放電電圧値と比較し、前者が低い場合に寿命に至っていると判定する第４工程とを備えたことを特徴とする鉛蓄電池の寿命判定方法。In the life judging method for judging whether or not the lead storage battery has reached the life,
A first step of discharging a lead-acid battery to be determined for a short time with a large current through a constant resistance, and measuring a discharge current value and a discharge voltage value at that time;
After the end of the discharge in the first step, a second step of discharging for a short time with a large current through a constant resistance having a resistance value different from that in the first step, and measuring the discharge current value and the discharge voltage value at that time,
A third step of obtaining a discharge voltage value corresponding to a specific discharge current value by calculation from the measured values of the first and second steps;
Comparing the discharge voltage value obtained in the third step with a discharge voltage value determined in advance as a reference value for life determination, and comprising a fourth step for determining that the life has been reached when the former is low. A method for determining the life of a lead-acid battery. 鉛蓄電池の残り寿命の期間を求める寿命予測方法において、
予測対象の鉛蓄電池を定抵抗を介して大電流で短時間放電し、その際の放電電流値と放電電圧値を測定する第１工程と、
第１工程の放電終了後に、第１工程とは異なる抵抗値の定抵抗を介して大電流で短時間放電し、その際の放電電流値と放電電圧値を測定する第２工程と、
第１及び第２工程の測定値から、計算により、特定の放電電流値に対応する放電電圧値を求める第３工程と、
所定期間経過後に、第１〜第３工程を繰り返して、特定の放電電流値に対応する放電電圧値を求める第４工程と、
第４工程を少なくとももう１回行う第５工程と、
第３〜第５工程で求めた放電電圧値と実使用期間との関係に近似する多項式又は曲線を求め、該式又は曲線に基づいて、寿命判定の基準値として予め決めておいた放電電圧値に達する実使用期間を求め、これにより、残りの寿命期間を求める第６工程とを備えたことを特徴とする鉛蓄電池の寿命予測方法。In the life prediction method for determining the remaining life of the lead-acid battery,
A first step of discharging a lead storage battery to be predicted for a short time with a large current through a constant resistance, and measuring a discharge current value and a discharge voltage value at that time;
After the end of the discharge in the first step, a second step of discharging for a short time with a large current through a constant resistance having a resistance value different from that in the first step, and measuring the discharge current value and the discharge voltage value at that time,
A third step of obtaining a discharge voltage value corresponding to a specific discharge current value by calculation from the measured values of the first and second steps;
After the predetermined period, the first step to the third step are repeated to obtain a discharge voltage value corresponding to the specific discharge current value;
A fifth step of performing the fourth step at least once more;
A polynomial or curve that approximates the relationship between the discharge voltage value obtained in the third to fifth steps and the actual use period is obtained, and a discharge voltage value that is determined in advance as a reference value for life determination based on the formula or curve. A method for predicting the life of a lead-acid battery, comprising: a sixth step of obtaining an actual use period that reaches a value of 1 and thereby obtaining a remaining life period. 第３〜第５工程で求める放電電圧値を、その推移がピークを過ぎて下降期間に在る放電電圧から求める請求項５記載の寿命予測方法。The life prediction method according to claim 5, wherein the discharge voltage value obtained in the third to fifth steps is obtained from the discharge voltage whose transition has passed the peak and is in the falling period.
JP00842398A 1998-01-20 1998-01-20 Lead-acid battery life determination device, life prediction device, life determination method, and life prediction method Expired - Fee Related JP3792874B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP00842398A JP3792874B2 (en) 1998-01-20 1998-01-20 Lead-acid battery life determination device, life prediction device, life determination method, and life prediction method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP00842398A JP3792874B2 (en) 1998-01-20 1998-01-20 Lead-acid battery life determination device, life prediction device, life determination method, and life prediction method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH11204150A JPH11204150A (en) 1999-07-30
JP3792874B2 true JP3792874B2 (en) 2006-07-05

Family

ID=11692730

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP00842398A Expired - Fee Related JP3792874B2 (en) 1998-01-20 1998-01-20 Lead-acid battery life determination device, life prediction device, life determination method, and life prediction method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3792874B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002145543A (en) * 2000-11-09 2002-05-22 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Control device of elevator
US7227335B2 (en) * 2003-07-22 2007-06-05 Makita Corporation Method and apparatus for diagnosing the condition of a rechargeable battery
CN101926083B (en) * 2008-01-28 2012-11-21 株式会社村田制作所 Dc-dc converter
US9983266B2 (en) 2015-03-30 2018-05-29 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Apparatus and methods for battery monitoring using discharge pulse measurements
CN113030743B (en) * 2021-02-06 2022-11-08 广西电网有限责任公司南宁供电局 Valve-controlled lead-acid battery state evaluation method based on battery discharge behavior

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH11204150A (en) 1999-07-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5672951A (en) Determination and control of battery state
JP4132036B2 (en) Method for determining the state of charge of a battery by measuring open circuit voltage
US4390841A (en) Monitoring apparatus and method for battery power supply
US6157169A (en) Monitoring technique for accurately determining residual capacity of a battery
EP1167988B1 (en) Rechargeable battery pack
EP1835297B1 (en) A method and device for determining characteristics of an unknown battery
JPH03122581A (en) Method and apparatus for predicting bat- tery discharge holding time
JP2007309839A (en) Battery pack condition measuring device, degradation of battery pack discrimination method and program for the same
WO2014119328A1 (en) Battery state estimating device
JP2011085592A (en) State detection device for power source apparatus, and the power source apparatus
EP1390772A2 (en) Method and apparatus for predicting the available energy of a battery
JP2019504451A (en) Effective battery cell balancing method and system using duty control
JP2007311255A (en) Battery pack status measuring device, battery pack deterioration determining method, and battery pack deterioration determining program
EP1853934B1 (en) Capacity degradation determination in a lead acid battery method and apparatus
JP2003068366A (en) Detector for detecting abnormalities in sensor
JP3792874B2 (en) Lead-acid battery life determination device, life prediction device, life determination method, and life prediction method
JP2010008133A (en) Portable charger, and deterioration diagnosis method of secondary battery used therefor
JPH0973923A (en) Deterioration judging method for nickel battery and deterioration state detecting circuit
JPH0779535A (en) Residual capacity detection system for battery
JP4802414B2 (en) Battery remaining capacity meter
JP2964482B2 (en) Method for detecting remaining capacity of lead-acid battery
JP2000133322A (en) Charge/discharge system for secondary battery
JP2792064B2 (en) Method for detecting remaining capacity of lead-acid battery
JP3546453B2 (en) Method for determining the life of sealed lead batteries
JPH097642A (en) Battery charger with diagnostic function

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20050809

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20051025

A711 Notification of change in applicant

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A712

Effective date: 20051213

A711 Notification of change in applicant

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A712

Effective date: 20051219

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20051222

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821

Effective date: 20051222

RD02 Notification of acceptance of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7422

Effective date: 20051222

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20060307

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20060406

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees