JP3791447B2 - Compact and lightweight eddy current reducer - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a disk type assisting main brake used in a vehicle such as an automobile and is excellent in mountability to a vehicle. More specifically, the present invention relates to a simple structure and a simple structure, and is reduced in size and weight. Therefore, the present invention relates to an eddy current reduction device that is economical.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In braking systems for automobiles such as trucks and buses, in addition to foot brakes, which are the main brakes, exhaust brakes, which are auxiliary brakes, stable deceleration on long downhill slopes, etc. In order to prevent burning, an eddy current reduction device is used.
[0003]
In this eddy current reduction device, a magnet group in which a large number of permanent magnets are arranged in a circumferential direction is moved, and the permanent magnets are brought close to each other so as to face a rotating drum (cylindrical type) or a braking disk, thereby rotating the rotating drum or braking. A method of generating a braking torque on the disk is used.
[0004]
However, in recent years, demands for eddy current reduction devices have also been diversified, and there has been a strong demand for improving mountability on vehicles so as to reduce manufacturing costs and enable mounting on small vehicles. In order to improve the mountability, it is required to be small and light, and to have a simple structure and excellent economy.
[0005]
In response to the above requirements, it is difficult to reduce the size and weight of an eddy current reduction device that employs a rotating drum due to its structure. First, regarding heat dissipation during braking, the outer peripheral portion expands when the rotating drum generates heat during braking. To absorb this, a complicated drum support design is required, and the drum structure becomes complicated. Furthermore, since the rotational weight is concentrated on the outer peripheral side in the radial direction, it is difficult to adjust the rotational balance.
[0006]
Furthermore, the adjustment of the air gap, that is, the distance between all the permanent magnets and the drum is adjusted at equal intervals, and the braking torque can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing this interval. However, in order to adjust the air gap, it is necessary to enlarge or reduce the inner diameter of the rotating drum, so that the rotating drum components cannot be sufficiently shared.
[0007]
On the other hand, even when a disk type eddy current reduction device using a braking disk is adopted instead of the drum type using a rotating drum, the method using an electromagnet is not suitable for reducing the size and weight of the device. That is, in this method, current is supplied to the electromagnet provided opposite to the braking disk, eddy current is generated in the braking disk, and braking torque is applied to the rotating shaft. However, a large braking torque is generated. Requires a large number of electromagnets and a device for supplying a large current. For this reason, a space for accommodating a large number of electromagnets is required, and a battery as a current supply source is increased in size, so that the overall configuration of the apparatus is large in capacity and weight.
[0008]
Therefore, in order to reduce the size and weight of the eddy current speed reducer, a disk type speed reducer is employed, and the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet is brought close to and opposed to the brake disk to generate a brake torque on the disk itself ( Hereinafter, the “magnet pole face facing method” may be effective. With this method, the magnetic force of the permanent magnet can be applied to the braking disk with a short magnetic path length, so that the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit is reduced, the braking efficiency can be improved, and the overall configuration of the apparatus can be simplified. Because.
[0009]
Furthermore, if the “magnet pole face facing method” with this simple structure can be adopted to improve the braking efficiency, a relatively small permanent magnet can be applied as a result, further reducing the size and weight. It becomes easy.
[0010]
1 and 2 are cross-sectional views showing a configuration example of a “magnet pole face facing type” eddy current reduction device using permanent magnets. FIG. 1 shows a device configuration during braking, and FIG. 2 shows a device configuration during non-braking.
[0011]
This eddy current reduction device includes a braking disk 2 made of a ferromagnetic material attached to a rotating shaft 1 and a guide cylinder 3 made of a non-magnetic material arranged on the side of the braking disk 2. The guide tube 3 is supported by a non-rotating portion of a vehicle or the like, and a holding ring 4 made of a ferromagnetic material capable of moving back and forth in a direction perpendicular to the braking surface of the braking disk 2 is housed inside the guide tube 3. The guide tube 3 is provided with a cylinder 5 for moving the holding ring 4 back and forth. On the other hand, a ferromagnetic material (pole piece) 8 is disposed on the end surface of the guide cylinder 3 facing the braking disk.
[0012]
A plurality of permanent magnets 7 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the side surface of the retaining ring 4 facing the brake disk 2. The direction of the magnetic pole of the magnet 7 is opposed to the braking surface of the braking disk 2, and the adjacent permanent magnetic poles are arranged in opposite directions. A plurality of ferromagnetic materials 8 facing the magnetic pole surface of each permanent magnet 7 are arranged so as to make a pair with the permanent magnet 7 in the circumferential direction. Although the thickness of the ferromagnetic material 8 is not particularly defined, it is desirable that the thickness is thinner. For example, when the guide tube 3 made of aluminum is cast, the ferromagnetic material can be integrally cast.
[0013]
As a drive mechanism for the permanent magnet 7, a cylinder 5 is disposed on the outer end wall of the guide cylinder 3, and a piston rod 6 fitted to the cylinder 5 passes through the outer end wall of the guide cylinder 3 and is coupled to the holding ring 4. is doing. With this configuration, the holding ring 4 can be moved forward and backward in the direction perpendicular to the brake disk 2 by the operation of the cylinder 5.
[0014]
Next, the operation of the eddy current reduction device will be described. During braking, the piston 6 of the cylinder 5 moves to the right as shown by the white arrow in FIG. 1, the holding ring advances in a direction perpendicular to the braking disk 2, and the permanent magnet 7 faces the braking disk. approach.
[0015]
At this time, when the rotating braking disk 2 traverses the magnetic lines of force exerted by the permanent magnets 7 perpendicularly to the braking surface of the braking disk 2 through the ferromagnetic material 8, eddy currents are generated in the braking disk 2 due to the change of magnetic flux in the braking. Flow and braking torque are generated.
[0016]
When switching to non-braking, the operation of the cylinder 5 is switched to move the holding ring 4 directly connected to the piston rod 6 to the left as shown by the white arrow in FIG. The magnetic force exerted on the braking disk 2 by the permanent magnet 7 away from the magnetic material (pole piece) 8 is weak.
[0017]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, in the “magnet pole face facing type” eddy current reduction device in which the permanent magnet is arranged to face the brake disk, the holding ring is set in a direction perpendicular to the brake disk during braking, as shown in FIG. The permanent magnet is moved forward so as to approach the braking disk. On the other hand, at the time of non-braking, as shown in FIG. 2, it is necessary to retract the retaining ring and separate the permanent magnet and the braking disk by a predetermined stroke.
[0018]
In the above braking and non-braking operations, the permanent magnet is attracted to the braking disk, which is a ferromagnetic body, during braking, so that the power for advancing the holding ring on which the permanent magnet is disposed in the direction perpendicular to the braking disk. Is rarely needed. On the other hand, when the retaining ring is retracted in order to separate the permanent magnet from the braking disk during non-braking, it is necessary to overcome the magnetic attraction force from the braking disk, which requires a great deal of power.
[0019]
In particular, in a retarder that requires high braking torque, a magnet with strong magnetic force is used to secure the braking torque, or the magnetic flux acting on the braking disk is increased by increasing the volume of the magnet. Magnetic attraction between the disk and the disk becomes stronger. For this reason, a large amount of power is required to pull the permanent magnet away from the braking disk against this magnetic attractive force and switch to the non-braking state.
[0020]
If the power necessary for switching is to be supplied by a device such as an actuator, it is necessary to increase the required cylinder diameter or increase the number of installations, resulting in a large device and a complicated structure. When these devices are incorporated in an eddy current reduction device, the overall configuration of the device is increased in size and weight, and the mountability on a vehicle is remarkably deteriorated.
[0021]
The present invention has been developed in view of the problems involved in the above-mentioned “magnet pole face facing type” eddy current reduction device using a permanent magnet, and at the time of switching from braking to non-braking. The purpose is to provide a small and lightweight current reduction device by reducing the power required to separate the permanent magnet from the braking disk, reducing the size of actuators, cylinders and other devices required for this. .
[0022]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gist of the present invention is the following small and light eddy current reduction devices (1) to (3).
(1) A braking disk attached to the rotating shaft, a guide cylinder supported by a non-rotating portion and disposed on the side of the braking disk, and housed in the guide cylinder and movable in the direction of the rotating shaft A retaining ring, a plurality of permanent magnets opposed to the brake disk in the circumferential direction of the retaining ring, and adjacent magnetic poles arranged in opposite directions, and an end surface of the guide cylinder so as to face the permanent magnet An eddy current reduction device provided with an arranged ferromagnetic material, wherein the permanent magnet is provided so as to be tiltable with respect to a brake disk, and at the time of braking, the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet is opposed to and close to the brake disk, In the non-braking mode, the permanent magnet is tilted so that the permanent magnet is moved away from the braking disk and moved to a non-braking position.
(2) A braking disk attached to the rotating shaft, a guide cylinder supported by a non-rotating portion and disposed on the side of the braking disk, and accommodated inside the guiding cylinder and movable in the direction of the rotating shaft A retaining ring, a plurality of permanent magnets opposed to the brake disk in the circumferential direction of the retaining ring, and adjacent magnetic poles arranged in opposite directions, and an end surface of the guide cylinder so as to face the permanent magnet An eddy current reduction device provided with a disposed ferromagnetic material, wherein a magnet support plate on which the permanent magnets are individually placed covers a holding ring so as to cover a surface of the holding ring facing the braking disk. The permanent magnet is mounted so as to be tiltable, and when the brake is applied, the permanent magnet is opposed to and close to the positioned brakeable position, and when not braked, the magnet support plate is tilted so that the permanent magnet is separated from the brake disk. It is a small and lightweight eddy current reduction device characterized by being moved to a position for braking.
[0023]
In the eddy current reduction device of (2) above, the device configuration can be divided into a case where the tilting of the magnet support plate is performed along the radial direction of the holding ring and a case where the tilting is performed along the circumferential direction of the holding ring. .
(3) A braking disk attached to the rotating shaft, a guide cylinder supported by a non-rotating portion and disposed on the side of the braking disk, and housed in the guide cylinder and movable in the direction of the rotating shaft A retaining ring, a plurality of permanent magnets opposed to the brake disk in the circumferential direction of the retaining ring, and adjacent magnetic poles arranged in opposite directions, and an end surface of the guide cylinder so as to face the permanent magnet An eddy current reduction device provided with an arranged ferromagnetic material, wherein the holding ring is divided into a plurality of parts in the circumferential direction, and each of these holding rings is configured to be movable in the direction of the rotation axis for braking. Sometimes, the support ring is brought close to the brake disc to the position where it can be braked positioned by the fixed groove, and when the brake is not applied, the support ring is tilted by the fixed groove to be separated from the brake disc and moved to the non-brake position. It is a small and light-weight eddy current reduction device.
[0024]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A large amount of power is required to pull the permanent magnet vertically away with the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet opposed to the braking surface of the braking disk made of a ferromagnetic material. This is because power equivalent to the magnetic attractive force acting between the magnet and the brake disk surface is required to simultaneously pull the entire magnetic pole of the permanent magnet away from the brake disk surface.
[0025]
From the state in which the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet faces the braking disk surface, the magnetic pole surface is inclined with respect to the braking disk surface by pulling a part of the permanent magnet away from the braking disk surface. When it is pulled away from the brake disc in the vertical direction, the power required for the separation can be reduced.
[0026]
That is, when the eddy current reduction device is switched from braking to non-braking, the required power is reduced by tilting the permanent magnet and pulling it away from the braking disk.
[0027]
The above factors are as follows: (1) A part of the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet is separated from the braking disk surface, so that the power required for this is smaller than when the entire magnetic pole surface is simultaneously separated from the braking disk surface. (2) Since the magnetic flux exerted from the permanent magnet is linear, the magnetic flux acting when the magnetic pole surface is tilted with respect to the braking disk surface is reduced, and the magnetic attractive force between the permanent magnet and the braking disk surface is drastically reduced. It is to be.
[0028]
As described above, if the permanent magnet is tilted and pulled away, the power can be reduced. Therefore, when such power is supplied by devices such as actuators and cylinders, the required cylinder diameter can be reduced, and the device can be downsized. As a result, the mountability of the eddy current reduction device on a vehicle can be remarkably improved regardless of whether it is a large vehicle or a small vehicle.
[0029]
Below, the concrete structure of the eddy current reduction device of this invention and its effect are demonstrated based on a specific Example. In addition, in the following Examples, the example of a structure of an apparatus is shown only and the content of the eddy current reduction device of this invention is not limited.
[0030]
【Example】
(Example 1)
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional configuration example of the eddy current reduction device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The eddy current reduction device according to the first embodiment includes a braking disk 2 made of a ferromagnetic material attached to a rotating shaft 1 and a guide tube 3 made of a non-magnetic material. The guide tube 3 is attached to a non-rotating part of a vehicle or the like. A holding ring 4 capable of moving back and forth in the direction of the rotation axis perpendicular to the braking surface of the brake disk 2 is accommodated in the inside thereof, and the holding ring 4 is moved forward and backward in the guide tube 3. A cylinder 5 is provided. On the other hand, a ferromagnetic material (pole piece) 8 is disposed on the end surface of the guide cylinder 3 facing the brake disk, and the attenuation of the magnetic force acting on the brake disk 2 is suppressed.
[0031]
FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a retaining ring used in the eddy current reduction device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. On the surface of the holding ring 4 facing the braking disk 2, permanent magnets 7 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction with the groove 4 a interposed therebetween. The magnetic pole direction of the permanent magnet 7 faces the braking surface of the braking disk 2, and the adjacent magnetic poles are arranged in opposite directions. The plurality of permanent magnets 7 are individually mounted on a magnet support plate, and the fixing of the magnet support plate to the holding ring 4 is performed by a fixing pin 10.
[0032]
As shown in FIG. 3, the magnet support plate 9 on which the permanent magnet 7 is placed supports the fixing pin 10 on the outer peripheral side of the holding ring 4 so as to cover the surface of the holding ring 4 facing the braking disk 2. Attached. Thereby, the magnet support plate 9 can be tilted along the radial direction of the holding ring 4 with the fixing pin 10 as a reference. The tilting direction of the magnet support plate 9 is indicated by white arrows in FIG.
[0033]
Further, a magnet stopper 3a is provided on the inner peripheral portion of the guide cylinder 3 on the end of the ferromagnetic material 8 so that the permanent magnet 7 can be braked during braking.
[0034]
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration when switching from braking to non-braking in the eddy current reduction device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. When switching from braking to non-braking, the permanent magnet 7 is separated from the braking disk 2 and retracted to a non-braking position. However, since the initial stage of separation is instantaneous, the inertia acting on the magnet support plate 9 is activated. Due to the force and the magnetic attractive force between the permanent magnet 7 and the brake disk 2, the magnet support plate 9 is tilted with respect to the fixed pin 10 that is pivotally supported, and the permanent magnet 7 is tilted with respect to the surface of the brake disk 2.
[0035]
Furthermore, by moving the permanent magnet 7 backward, it is possible to switch to the non-braking state while reducing the power required for the separation. In the eddy current reduction device of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, a rotation stopper 4 b may be provided at the end of the holding ring 4 in order to adjust the tilting amount of the magnet support plate 9 and the permanent magnet 7.
(Example 2)
The eddy current reduction device according to the second embodiment of the present invention is a system in which a magnet support plate on which permanent magnets are individually mounted is attached to a holding ring so as to be tiltable, similarly to the device according to the first embodiment. The difference from the apparatus of Example 1 is that the tilting of the magnet support plate is performed along the circumferential direction of the retaining ring.
[0036]
FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a retaining ring used in the eddy current reduction device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The plurality of permanent magnets 7 are individually mounted on the magnet support plate, and the magnet support plate is fixed to the holding ring 4 so as to cover the surface of the holding ring 4 that faces the brake disk 2. The pin 10 is attached so as to be tiltable. The direction of tilting of the magnet support plate is performed along the circumferential direction of the retaining ring 4 as indicated by the white arrow.
[0037]
FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating a state in which the magnet support plate is attached to the holding ring in the eddy current reduction device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The magnet support plate 9 on which the permanent magnet 7 is placed is provided so as to be tiltable in the circumferential direction of the holding ring 4 by pivotally supporting the fixing pin 10 so as to cover the surface of the holding ring 4.
[0038]
In the eddy current reduction device of the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7 (a), the magnet support plate 9 may be attached at one end in the circumferential direction of the retaining ring 4, and tiltable with reference to the attachment point. Further, as shown in FIG. 7B, a slide hole through which the fixing pin 10 is passed may be provided at the other end of the reference point so that the tilting amount of the magnet support plate 9 can be adjusted.
[0039]
The configuration and operation for switching from braking to non-braking in the eddy current reduction device of the second embodiment of the present invention are the same as those of the eddy current reduction device of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
(Example 3)
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional configuration example of the eddy current reduction device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In the eddy current reduction device according to the third embodiment, the permanent magnet 7 is disposed in the circumferential direction of the holding ring 4 so as to face the brake disk 2 so that the polarities of the adjacent permanent magnets are opposite to each other. The holding ring 4 is connected to a piston rod 6 fitted to the cylinder 5, and the permanent magnet 7 group can move forward and backward in the direction of the rotation axis by the operation of the cylinder 5.
[0040]
At this time, the piston rod 6 pivotally supports the connection pin 10 provided on the outer peripheral side from the central portion of the radial width of the holding ring 4 and is connected so as to be tiltable with reference to this. Further, a fixed groove 3b is provided on the inner peripheral portion of the guide tube 3 on the end of the ferromagnetic material 8, and one end of the holding ring 4 is inserted during braking so that the permanent magnet 7 can be braked. Yes.
[0041]
FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a retaining ring used in the eddy current reduction device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The overall shape of the retaining ring 4 is an annular shape (ring shape), and a plurality of permanent magnets 7 are arranged so as to face the brake disk in the circumferential direction and adjacent magnetic poles are opposite to each other. . In the eddy current reduction device of the third embodiment, the annular holding ring 4 is divided into four parts to form an arc-shaped holding ring 4. Each arc-shaped holding ring 4 is connected to the piston rod 6 so as to be movable in the rotation axis direction.
[0042]
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a configuration when switching from braking to non-braking in the eddy current reduction device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. When the permanent magnet 7 is pulled away from the braking disk 2 with the switching to the non-braking mode, the permanent magnet 7 is inclined with respect to the surface of the braking disk 2 because one end of the holding ring 4 is in the fixed groove 3b. When the retaining ring 4 is further retracted, the inclination of the permanent magnet 7 increases, and one end of the retaining ring 4 is disengaged from the fixing groove 3b, and the permanent magnet 7 is pulled away from the braking disk and becomes non-braking.
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
According to the eddy current speed reducer of the present invention, the “magnet pole face facing method” is adopted for the disk type speed reducer, so that the braking efficiency is excellent and the permanent magnet is switched when switching from braking to non-braking. The power required for disconnecting the motor from the braking disk can be reduced, and the devices such as actuators required for this can be made compact, and the size and weight can be reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example during braking of a “magnet pole face facing type” eddy current reduction device using a permanent magnet.
FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of a “magnet pole face facing type” eddy current reduction device using a permanent magnet at the time of non-braking.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional configuration example of the eddy current reduction device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a holding ring used in the eddy current reduction device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration when switching from braking to non-braking in the eddy current reduction device according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a holding ring used in the eddy current reduction device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a state in which a magnet support plate is attached to a holding ring in the eddy current reduction device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration example of an eddy current reduction device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a retaining ring used in the eddy current reduction device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a configuration when switching from braking to non-braking in the eddy current reduction device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: rotating shaft 2: braking cylinder 3: guide cylinder 3a: magnet stop 3b: fixed groove 4: retaining ring 4a: groove 4b: rotation stopper 5: cylinder 6: piston rod 7: permanent magnet 8: Ferromagnetic material 9: magnet support plate, 10: fixing pin, connection pin

Claims (5)

A brake disc attached to the rotating shaft, a guide tube supported by a non-rotating portion and disposed on the side of the brake disc, and a holding ring accommodated in the guide tube and movable in the direction of the rotating shaft A plurality of permanent magnets facing the braking disk in the circumferential direction of the retaining ring and having adjacent magnetic poles arranged in opposite directions, and disposed on the end face of the guide cylinder so as to face the permanent magnets. The permanent magnet is provided so as to be tiltable with respect to the braking disk, and the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet is opposed to and close to the braking disk at the time of braking, and at the time of non-braking. A small, lightweight eddy current reduction device characterized in that the permanent magnet is tilted to move the permanent magnet away from the braking disk to a position where it is not braked. A brake disc attached to the rotating shaft, a guide tube supported by a non-rotating portion and disposed on the side of the brake disc, and a holding ring accommodated in the guide tube and movable in the direction of the rotating shaft A plurality of permanent magnets facing the braking disk in the circumferential direction of the retaining ring and having adjacent magnetic poles arranged in opposite directions, and disposed on the end face of the guide cylinder so as to face the permanent magnets. Eddy current reduction device provided with a ferromagnetic material, the magnet support plate on which the permanent magnets are individually mounted can be tilted to the holding ring so as to cover the surface of the holding ring facing the braking disk At the time of braking, the permanent magnet is brought close to and positioned close to the braked disk to a position where the brake can be positioned. Small, characterized in that moving to a position, light weight eddy current reduction apparatus. The small and lightweight eddy current reduction device according to claim 2, wherein the magnet support plate is tilted along the radial direction of the holding ring. The small and lightweight eddy current reduction device according to claim 2, wherein the magnet support plate is tilted along the circumferential direction of the holding ring. A brake disc attached to the rotating shaft, a guide tube supported by a non-rotating portion and disposed on the side of the brake disc, and a holding ring accommodated in the guide tube and movable in the direction of the rotating shaft A plurality of permanent magnets facing the braking disk in the circumferential direction of the retaining ring and having adjacent magnetic poles arranged in opposite directions, and disposed on the end face of the guide cylinder so as to face the permanent magnets. The holding ring is divided into a plurality of portions in the circumferential direction, and each of the holding rings is configured to be movable in the direction of the rotation axis, and the support ring is supported during braking. The ring is moved close to the brake disk to the position where it can be braked positioned by the fixed groove, and when the brake is not applied, the support ring is tilted by the fixed groove and moved away from the brake disk to the position where it is not braked. Small, characterized in that, light weight eddy current reduction apparatus.

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