JP3789146B2 - Oligosaccharide-containing nutritional composition - Google Patents

Oligosaccharide-containing nutritional composition Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP3789146B2
JP3789146B2 JP06753195A JP6753195A JP3789146B2 JP 3789146 B2 JP3789146 B2 JP 3789146B2 JP 06753195 A JP06753195 A JP 06753195A JP 6753195 A JP6753195 A JP 6753195A JP 3789146 B2 JP3789146 B2 JP 3789146B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
oligosaccharide
lactose
milk
nutritional composition
digestive tract
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP06753195A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH08256730A (en
Inventor
牧裕 菅原
政也 松永
正 井戸田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd filed Critical Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd
Priority to JP06753195A priority Critical patent/JP3789146B2/en
Publication of JPH08256730A publication Critical patent/JPH08256730A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3789146B2 publication Critical patent/JP3789146B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Dairy Products (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、オリゴ糖含有消化管感染防御栄養組成物(以下、消化管感染防御栄養組成物という)、特に、4′ガラクトシルラクトースを配合した消化管感染防御栄養組成物に関する。本発明のオリゴ糖含有消化管感染防御栄養組成物は、これを摂取することにより、乳幼児や児童等の消化管の感染防御に有用である。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ヒトの母乳(以下母乳という)は、オリゴ糖の宝庫といわれ、現在までに130種以上のオリゴ糖が存在することが報告されている。一方、牛乳の糖質は、ほとんどが乳糖で占められており、母乳に比較してオリゴ糖としての種類も量も著しく少ないことが知られている。従って、通常の牛乳を原料として製造される乳幼児用栄養組成物には実質的にオリゴ糖は含まれていない。このため、これまで6′ガラクトシルラクトースやシアリルラクトースを配合することで、乳児用栄養組成物の成分ならびに機能を母乳に近づける努力がなされてきた。またビフィズス菌を増やすというオリゴ糖の機能に着目して、母乳には含まれないオリゴ糖成分、例えばフラクトオリゴ糖やラクチュロースなどを添加した育児用調製粉乳や、その他の栄養組成物の製造も行われている。さらにその他様々な食品や飲料に種々のオリゴ糖が配合され、利用されている。しかし、乳児にとって最良の栄養源は母乳であることから、乳幼児用の食品は、母乳中に存在する成分を配合することにより、その機能も母乳に近づけることが望ましい。ただしそのためには、母乳中に存在するオリゴ糖成分を明らかにすると共に、これらオリゴ糖の生理機能を解明することが必要である。
【0003】
母乳中のこれらオリゴ糖の乳児生体内における機能については不明な点が多く、その機能の解明が待たれている。解明されている機能としては、例えば6′ガラクトシルラクトースは乳児の腸管内においてビフィズス菌を特異的に増加させることが知られており、またシアリルラクトースは消化管において、例えば病原性大腸菌による感染やコレラトキシンによる下痢を防ぐ効果のあることが知られている。さらに、母乳中に存在するオリゴ糖成分の多くが、細胞表層に存在する複合糖質の糖鎖と同一の構造を持つことから、母乳オリゴ糖は、乳児の体内において細胞間の情報伝達あるいは免疫系の発達にも関与しているものと推測されている。
【0004】
【本発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記したように、母乳中のオリゴ糖成分やその機能について、一部明らかにされつつあるが、しかしまだ全容が明らかになっているわけではなく、むしろ不明な点が多い。本発明は、このような技術的現状に鑑みてなされたものであり、乳幼児にとって最良の栄養源である母乳を特徴づける成分であるオリゴ糖に着目し、研究を進めた結果、母乳中に新規なオリゴ糖を見出し、この新規なオリゴ糖の生理活性効果についての機能を明らかにすると共に、乳幼児用栄養組成物に付与したものである。すなわち、本発明は、母乳中に存在するオリゴ糖成分を乳幼児用栄養組成物に配合することで、成分組成ならびに機能を母乳に近づけた乳幼児用消化管感染防御栄養組成物を提供することを課題とするものである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、4′ガラクトシルラクトースを配合したことからなる消化管感染防御栄養組成物である。また、本発明は、4′ガラクトシルラクトースを、固形分100g あたり0.1mg〜5g 配合した上記の消化管感染防御栄養組成物である。また、本発明は、4′ガラクトシルラクトースが、乳から分離調製されたものである上記の消化管感染防御栄養組成物である。また、本発明は、4′ガラクトシルラクトースが、乳糖または乳糖含有組成物にβガラクトシダーゼを作用させて糖転移反応により調製されたものである上記の消化管感染防御栄養組成物である。また、本発明は、4′ガラクトシルラクトースが、微生物菌体を用いて調製されたものである上記の消化管感染防御栄養組成物である。
【0006】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。本発明の消化管感染防御栄養組成物は、特に、乳児用として調製された調製乳、蛋白質分解乳、フォローアップミルク、特殊栄養調製乳あるいは幼児用として調製された離乳食や食品であって、またこれらの乾燥粉末化された粉乳類や離乳食が好適である。しかし、その他、児童が摂取するアイスクリーム、発酵乳、ゼリー等の一般食品であってもよい。また消化管感染防御栄養組成物の形態としては、固形状、液状、粉体状あるいはゲル状等の使用しやすい形態であればいずれであってもよい。
【0007】
本発明で消化管感染防御栄養組成物に配合するオリゴ糖は、O−β−D−ガラクトピラノシル−(1→4)−O−β−D−ガラクトピラノシル−(1→4)−D−グルコースで示される4′ガラクトシルラクトースと呼ばれる公知のオリゴ糖で、本発明者らが母乳中に存在することを始めて見出したものである。そして、この4′ガラクトシルラクトース(以下オリゴ糖という)の生理効果を把握するために検討を行った結果、消化管における感染防御機能を有することが、後述する試験例から明らかにすることができた。
【0008】
このオリゴ糖の調製は、母乳や動物乳例えば牛、ヤギ、ヒツジ等の乳から単離して調製する方法、または動植物あるいは微生物由来の酵素を乳糖に作用させて糖移転反応により調製する方法、さらには微生物菌体等を利用して調製する方法等がある。母乳や動物乳から単離して調製する方法は、Biogel P4を用いたゲルろ過クロマトグラフィやCarboPac PAー1(Dionex社製)カラムを用いたイオン交換クロマトグラフィを用いたり、母乳あるいは動物乳を透析し、さらにこの透析外液を活性炭カラムクロマトグラフィ、アミノカラムクロマトグラフィ等に供することによっても単離することができる。また、動植物あるいは微生物由来の酵素を乳糖または乳糖含有組成物に作用させて糖移転反応により調製する方法は、例えば、アスペルギルス オリゼ(Aspergillus oryzae)、バチルス サーキュランス(Bacillus circulans)、またはサッカロマイセス ラクティス(Saccharomyces lactis) 等の動植物由来、または微生物由来のβガラクトシダーゼ、あるいはアーモンド由来のβグルコシダーゼ等の酵素を用いることができる。これらの酵素を固形率が5〜60%の乳糖含有溶液に添加して、5〜65℃において1〜24時間程度作用させて糖移転反応により得ることができる。さらに、微生物菌体を利用して調製する方法については、クリプトコッカス ラウレンティ(Cryptococcus laurentii ) 等の微生物菌体や固定化菌体を利用して調製する方法が知られている(戸羽隆宏,Jpn.J.DairyFood Sci.,34,169182,1985:小澤修,別冊フードケミカル4,115122,1990)。この方法は、乳糖、ホエー、脱脂乳あるいは全乳等の乳製品を原料に、上記の菌体を5〜65℃において1〜24時間作用させるものである。上記のようにして調製したオリゴ糖は、その製造工程の任意の段階で他の原材料あるいは製品に配合することができる。さらに、製造工程の任意の段階で微生物、動物あるいは植物由来のβガラクトシダーゼを作用させて、または微生物菌体を利用して、目的のオリゴ糖を生産させてもよい。また、上記の調製方法によって得られたオリゴ糖を精製する必要がある場合は、ゲルろ過法、膜ろ過法、イオン交換樹脂法、電気透析法等の一つ以上で処理してもよい。上記のように調製された4′ガラクトシルラクトースからなるオリゴ糖は、本発明の消化管感染防御栄養組成物の固形分100g あたり0.1mg〜5g 、好ましくは、5mg〜5g 配合する。配合量が0.1mg以下であると、目的とする生理効果が認められず、一方、5g 以上になると、オリゴ糖の難消化性に起因する下痢症状の発生率が高くなるという問題がある。
【0009】
本発明の消化管感染防御栄養組成物は、蛋白質、糖質、脂質、ビタミン類およびミネラル類を主成分として構成されるが、これらの成分と共に上記の方法によって得られたオリゴ糖が配合される。本発明の感染防御栄養組成物を構成する蛋白質は、脱脂乳、カゼイン、チーズホエー、ホエー蛋白質濃縮物(WPC)、ホエー蛋白質分離物(WPI)等の乳蛋白質や、これらの分画物であるαs-カゼイン、β−カゼイン、α−ラクトアルブミンおよびβ−ラクトグロブリン等であり、また卵黄蛋白質、卵白蛋白質、オボアルブミン等の卵蛋白質、あるいは脱脂大豆蛋白質、分離大豆蛋白質、濃縮大豆蛋白質等の大豆蛋白質を挙げることができる。また、これら以外の、例えば、小麦グルテン、魚肉蛋白質、畜肉蛋白質、コラーゲン等の蛋白質を用いてもよい。さらにはこれらの蛋白質の分画物や酸または酵素で処理したペプチドあるいは遊離アミノ酸であってもよい。遊離アミノ酸は、窒素源としての他に、特定の生理作用を付与するために用いることもでき、これらの遊離アミノ酸としては、タウリン、シスチン、システイン、アルギニン、グルタミン等を挙げることができる。蛋白質やペプチドあるいは遊離アミノ酸の配合量は、固形分あたり5〜30重量%である。また糖質としては、上記の4′ガラクトシルラクトースを必須成分として配合し、これにその他の糖質として、デンプン、可溶性多糖類、デキストリン、ショ糖、乳糖、麦芽糖、ブドウ糖や果糖等の単糖類、さらに6′ガラクトシルラクトース、フラクトオリゴ糖、ラクチュロースなどのその他のオリゴ糖を挙げることができ、これらの糖類の中からいずれか1種以上を配合する。糖質の配合量は、消化管感染防御栄養組成物の固形分あたり、40〜80重量%配合することが好ましい。また、用途によっては、アスパルテームのような人工甘味料を用いることができる。この人工甘味料の配合量は、固形分あたり0.05〜1.0重量%が適当である。
【0010】
脂質としては、乳脂肪、ラード、牛脂および魚油等の動物性油脂、大豆油、菜種油、コーン油、ヤシ油、パーム油、パーム核油、サフラワー油、エゴマ油、アマニ油、月見草油、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド(MCT)および綿実油等の植物性油脂、更にはこれらの分別油、水添油、エステル交換油のいずれか1種以上用いることができる。脂質は、栄養組成物の固形分あたり、40重量%以下配合することが好ましい。しかし、栄養組成物の用途によっては無脂肪とすることもできる。また、ビタミンとミネラルについては、「日本国際酪農連盟発行、乳幼児食品を含む特殊用途食品のCODEX規格及び関連衛生作業規則、CAC/VOL.IX- 第1版及びSupplement 1,2,3,4 (1993) 」、「食品と科学社発行、1993年版指定品目食品添加物便覧(改訂第31版)(1993)」および「食品と科学社発行、届け出制食品添加物・食品素材天然物便覧(第12版)(1992)」に記載されているビタミン類およびミネラル類のうち栄養組成物に使用可能なものの中からいずれか1種以上用いることができる。ビタミン類の具体例としては、ビタミンA、B類、C、D、E、K類、葉酸、パントテン酸、β−カロチン、ニコチン酸アミド、カルニチン、コリン、イノシトール、ビオチン等を挙げることができ、ビタミン類の総配合量としては、栄養組成物の固形分あたり、10mg〜5g 重量%が好ましい。またミネラル類については、カルシウム、マグネシウム、カリウム、ナトリウム、鉄、銅、亜鉛、リン、塩素、マンガン、セレン、ヨウ素等であって、ミネラル類の総配合量として栄養組成物の固形分あたり、1mg〜5g 重量%配合されることが好ましい。尚、本発明の消化管感染防御栄養組成物は、上記の成分の他に、栄養組成物に配合することが可能ないかなる成分、例えば、食物繊維、ヌクレオチドのような核酸、フレーバー類、着色料等を含んでいてもよい。
【0011】
以下、試験例により本発明の効果を確認すると共に、実施例を示し具体的に説明する。
【試験例】
【試験例1】
(オリゴ糖の調製)乳糖2kgを10kgの温湯に溶解し、これに600Uのバチルス サーキュランス(Bacillus circulans)由来のβガラクトシダーゼを加え、40℃で20時間反応させた後、120℃で3秒間加熱殺菌して酵素を失活させ、清澄化して、約12kgのオリゴ糖含有溶液を得た。この溶液を、Biogel P4(Biorat社製)を用いたゲルろ過クロマトグラフィ(10×200cm)に供してオリゴ糖画分を回収し、さらに、CarboPac PAー1カラム(Dionex社製)に、25mMNaOH条件下で通液して、オリゴ糖をカラムに吸着させた後、100mMNaOHで溶出し、4′ガラクトシルラクトースを回収した。さらに、これをDowex 50W(H+ 型)の樹脂( Dowex社製)1Lが充填されているカラムに通液し、脱塩・中和した。このオリゴ糖溶液を凍結乾燥、粉砕して、4′ガラクトシルラクトースからなる純粋なオリゴ糖粉末800g を得た。尚、4′ガラクトシルラクトースの純度は、リクロゾル部−NH2(Cica-Merk 社製) を用いた高速液体クロマトグラフィーによる面積法 [日本食品工業学会誌第36巻 第4 号326頁 (1989)]により測定した。
(調製粉乳の調製)牛乳48kgに乳清蛋白質(WPC)1.48kgと乳糖6.24kgを添加溶解し、これに水溶性ビタミン類、およびミネラル類を0.12kg添加溶解した。さらに脂溶性ビタミン類を溶解した調製脂肪を4.0kg混合して均質化した後、常法に従って、殺菌、濃縮、乾燥し、粉乳17.4kgを得た。
(試験乳の調製)上記でそれぞれ調製したオリゴ糖粉末と調製粉乳を混合して、オリゴ糖含有量が、それぞれ固形分100g あたり、0、0.1、50、500、1000、3000、5000mgになるように両者を混合した。また、各試験乳の糖質含有量が等しくなるように、乳糖をそれぞれ固形分100g あたり6.0、6.0、5.95、5.5、5.0、3.0、1.0g ずつ添加混合した。これらの調製粉乳を、固形率13重量%になるように温湯に溶解し、試験乳1〜7とした。このそれぞれの試験乳100mlあたりのオリゴ糖含有量は、0、0.013、6.50、65.0、130、390、および650mgであった。
(大腸菌付着阻止確認試験)カニクイザル35頭を7群に分け、上記で調製した試験乳1〜7をそれぞれ連続して10日間与え、11日目に糞便を回収した。糞便1g (湿重量)をホモゲナイザーを用いてリン酸緩衝液(pH7.4)5mlに懸濁した後、遠心分離により沈澱を除去し、水溶性画分を回収した。この水溶性画分とイーグル培地を1:9の割合で混合した溶液に、ハートインフュージョン培地で培養した病原性大腸菌タイプ055株(ATCC12014)とタイプ0111ab(ATCC29552) を108 個/mlとなるように懸濁し、室温で1時間放置した。この大腸菌懸濁液を、イーグル培地中で継代培養したヒト小腸由来株407株に加え、30℃で1時間静置した。その後、大腸菌懸濁液と細胞を分離し、細胞をリン酸緩衝液で3回洗浄し、メタノールで固定した後、ギムザ染色し、顕微鏡下で細胞407株に付着している大腸菌数を計測した。各試料について、細胞50個ずつを計測し、その平均値をもって付着菌数とし、付着率Aにより評価した。その結果を表1に示す。尚、付着率Aは次式で求めた。
A(%)=XS /XC ×100
XC :コントロール(糞便画分無添加)の付着菌数
XS :各試料の付着菌数
0012
表1

Figure 0003789146
0013
表1から明らかなように、オリゴ糖含有調製乳で飼育した群の糞便水溶性画分は、オリゴ糖を配合しない調製乳で飼育した群に比較して、大腸菌の細胞への付着率が低く、阻害効果があることが判る。感染は、病原菌やウィルスが宿主細胞に付着することから始まるが、病原菌やウィルスの細胞付着を阻止できれば、感染を防ぐことができる。従って、本試験例により、4′ガラクトシルラクトースを経口的に摂取すると、消化管における大腸菌の感染を防御できることが明らかとなった。
0014
【実施例】
【実施例1】
(オリゴ糖の調製)脱脂した母乳200Lを濃縮し、Biogel P4を用いたゲル濾過クロマトグラフィ(10×200cm)に供した。さらに得られたオリゴ糖画分を、CarboPac PAー1カラム(Dionex社製) に25mMNaOH条件下で通液してオリゴ糖を吸着させ、100mMNaOHで吸着したオリゴ糖を溶出させた。この溶液をDowex 50W(H+ 型)の樹脂1Lが充填されているカラムに通液し、脱塩・中和した。このようにして得たオリゴ糖溶液を凍結乾燥、粉砕して、4′ガラクトシルラクトースからなる純粋なオリゴ糖粉末1.2g を得た。
(オリゴ糖含有育児用調製粉乳の製造)脱脂乳5.04kgに、乳清蛋白質濃縮物(WPC)を158g と乳糖を924g 添加溶解した。これに水溶性ビタミン類(ビタミンB1 、B2 、B6 、B12、C、ナイアシン、葉酸、パントテン酸、ビオチン、コリン、イノシトール)およびミネラル類(炭酸カルシウム、塩化カリウム、硫酸マグネシウム、クエン酸第一鉄ナトリウム、硫酸銅、硫酸亜鉛)をそれぞれ7.5g 添加溶解し、さらに脂溶性ビタミン類(ビタミンA、D、E、K、β−カロチン)を溶解した調製脂肪を578g 添加・混合した。これを均質化し、常法に従って殺菌処理した後、濃縮・乾燥して、調製粉乳2.1kgを得た。得られた調製粉乳に上記で調製したオリゴ糖粉末を添加・混合して、固形分100g あたり55mgのオリゴ糖を含有する育児用調製粉乳を得た。
0015
【実施例2】
(オリゴ糖の調製)ウシ初乳10,000Lを脱脂し、さらに濃縮した後、上記実施例1と同様にクロマト処理し、凍結乾燥、粉砕して、4′ガラクトシルラクトースからなる純粋なオリゴ糖10g を得た。
(オリゴ糖含有育児用調製粉乳の製造)乳清蛋白質濃縮物(WPC)880g と乳糖5.2kgを、20kgの温湯に溶解し、さらに牛乳7.5kg、および所定量のアルカリで溶解したカゼイン490gを加えた。これに水溶性ビタミン類、およびミネラル類( いずれも実施例1に同じ)をそれぞれ75g 並びに上記で調製したオリゴ糖粉末10g を添加溶解し、さらに脂溶性ビタミン類(実施例1に同じ)を溶解した調製脂肪2.5kgを添加・混合した。これを均質化し、常法に従って殺菌処理した後、濃縮・乾燥して、固形分100g あたり100mgのオリゴ糖を含有する育児用調製粉乳を10kg得た。
0016
【実施例3】
(オリゴ糖の調製)乳糖10kgを50kgの温湯に溶解し、これに4000Uのバチルス サーキュランス(Bacillus circulans)由来のβガラクトシダーゼを加え、40℃で20時間反応させた後、120℃で3秒間加熱殺菌して酵素を失活させ、清澄化して約60kgのオリゴ糖含有溶液を得た。この溶液は、4′ガラクトシルラクトースからなるオリゴ糖3.5kgと乳糖5.5kg、単糖1.0kgを含有していた。
(オリゴ糖含有育児用調製粉乳の製造)乳清蛋白質濃縮物(WPC)9.4kgと乳糖47kgを、300kgの温湯に溶解し、さらに所定量のアルカリで溶解したカゼイン7.1kgを加えた。これに水溶性ビタミン類、およびミネラル類( いずれも実施例1に同じ)をそれぞれ1kgを添加・溶解し、さらに脂溶性ビタミン類(実施例1に同じ)を溶解した調製脂肪27.4kgと上記で調製したオリゴ糖含有溶液50kgを加えて混合した。これを均質化し、常法に従って殺菌処理した後、濃縮・乾燥して、固形分100g あたり2.9g のオリゴ糖を含有する育児用調製粉乳を100kg得た。
0017
【実施例4】
(ヨーグルトの調製)全粉乳1.0kgを5.0kgの温湯に溶解し、これにアルギン酸カルシウムで固定化したクリプトコッカス ラウレンティ(Cryptococcus laurentii)菌体を加え、45℃で12時間攪拌反応させ、4′ガラクトシルラクトースからなるオリゴ糖を産生させた。清澄化により菌体を除去し、120℃で3秒間殺菌した。これにラクトバチルス ブルガリクス(Lactbacillus bulgaricus) とストレプトコッカス サーモフィラス(Streptococcus thermophilus) をスターターとして接種して、500ml容の容器に分注し、常法によりヨーグルトを製造した。このヨーグルトのオリゴ糖含有量は、製品固形分あたり1.5重量%であった。
0018
【発明の効果】
従来の乳幼児用栄養組成物は、牛乳を原料として調製したものであるため、4′ガラクトシルラクトースからなるオリゴ糖を実質的に含有していなかった。本発明は、母乳中に4′ガラクトシルラクトースからなるオリゴ糖が含有されていることを始めて見出し、かつこのオリゴ糖の生理活性効果を確認して乳幼児用栄養組成物に配合しているため、組成および機能をより母乳に近づけることが可能となった。すなわち本発明のオリゴ糖含有乳幼児用消化管感染防御栄養組成物は、消化管における感染を防御することが可能となり、母乳栄養児と同様の良好な発育に寄与する消化管感染防御栄養組成物となった。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an oligosaccharide-containing nutrient composition for protecting against digestive tract infection (hereinafter referred to as a digestive tract infection-protecting nutrition composition) , and particularly to a digestive tract-protecting nutrition composition containing 4 'galactosyl lactose. By ingesting the oligosaccharide-containing digestive tract infection-preventing nutritional composition of the present invention, the oligosaccharide-containing digestive tract infection-preventing nutritional composition is useful for protecting the digestive tract infection of infants and children.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Human breast milk (hereinafter referred to as breast milk) is said to be a treasure trove of oligosaccharides, and it has been reported that 130 or more types of oligosaccharides exist to date. On the other hand, most of the carbohydrates in milk are occupied by lactose, and it is known that the types and amounts of oligosaccharides are significantly smaller than breast milk. Accordingly, the nutritional composition for infants produced from ordinary milk as a raw material is substantially free of oligosaccharides. For this reason, efforts have been made to bring the components and functions of infant nutritional compositions closer to breast milk by blending 6 'galactosyl lactose and sialyl lactose. Focusing on the function of oligosaccharides to increase bifidobacteria, infant formula milk supplemented with oligosaccharide components not included in breast milk, such as fructooligosaccharide and lactulose, and other nutritional compositions are also manufactured. ing. Furthermore, various oligosaccharides are blended and used in various other foods and beverages. However, since the best nutrition source for infants is breast milk, it is desirable that the food for infants has a function similar to that of breast milk by adding ingredients present in the breast milk. For this purpose, however, it is necessary to clarify the oligosaccharide components present in breast milk and to elucidate the physiological functions of these oligosaccharides.
[0003]
There are many unclear points about the function of these oligosaccharides in breast milk in the infant's body, and the elucidation of the function is awaited. For example, 6 'galactosyl lactose is known to specifically increase bifidobacteria in the intestinal tract of infants, and sialyl lactose functions in the digestive tract, for example, infection by pathogenic E. coli and cholera. It is known to be effective in preventing diarrhea caused by toxins. Furthermore, since many oligosaccharide components present in breast milk have the same structure as the sugar chains of glycoconjugates present on the cell surface, breast milk oligosaccharides are used to transmit information or immunize between cells in the infant's body. It is presumed to be involved in the development of the system.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the present invention]
As described above, some of the oligosaccharide components and their functions in breast milk are being clarified, but the full picture is not yet clear, but there are many unclear points. The present invention has been made in view of such a technical state of the art, and has focused on oligosaccharides, which are components that characterize breast milk, which is the best nutrition source for infants. New oligosaccharides were found, the functions of the novel oligosaccharides regarding the physiological activity were clarified, and were given to the nutritional composition for infants. That is, the present invention is to provide a protective nutritional composition for infant gastrointestinal tract infection in which the component composition and function are brought close to that of breast milk by blending the oligosaccharide component present in breast milk into the infant nutrition composition. It is what.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is a digestive tract infection protective nutrition composition comprising 4 'galactosyl lactose. Moreover, this invention is said digestive tract infection prevention nutrition composition which mix | blended 0.1 mg-5g per 100g of solid content of 4 'galactosyl lactose. The present invention also provides the above-mentioned nutritional composition for protecting against digestive tract infection , wherein 4 ′ galactosyl lactose is prepared by separation from milk. The present invention also provides the above-mentioned protective composition for digestive tract infection , wherein 4 'galactosyl lactose is prepared by sugar transfer reaction by causing β-galactosidase to act on lactose or a lactose-containing composition. Moreover, this invention is said digestive tract infection defense nutrition composition whose 4 'galactosyl lactose was prepared using the microbial cell.
[0006]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The digestive tract infection-protecting nutrition composition of the present invention is a formula prepared for infants, a proteolytic milk, a follow-up milk, a special nutrition formula or a baby food or food prepared for infants, and These dry powdered milk powder and baby food are suitable. However, it may be other general foods such as ice cream, fermented milk, jelly, etc. taken by children. Moreover, as a form of a digestive tract infection defense nutrition composition, as long as it is easy to use forms, such as solid form, liquid form, powder form, or gel form, any may be sufficient.
[0007]
In the present invention, the oligosaccharide to be blended in the digestive tract infection protective nutrition composition is O-β-D-galactopyranosyl- (1 → 4) -O-β-D-galactopyranosyl- (1 → 4). A known oligosaccharide called 4 'galactosyl lactose represented by -D-glucose, which was first found by the present inventors in breast milk. Then, the 4 'results were investigated to understand the physiological effects of galactosyl lactose (hereinafter referred to as oligosaccharides), have an infection defense in digestion tube, be apparent from the test example described later did it.
[0008]
This oligosaccharide can be prepared by isolation from milk such as breast milk or animal milk such as cow, goat, sheep, etc., or by a method in which an animal or plant or microorganism-derived enzyme is allowed to act on lactose to prepare a sugar transfer reaction. Can be prepared by using microbial cells. Methods for isolation and preparation from breast milk and animal milk include gel filtration chromatography using Biogel P4 and ion exchange chromatography using a CarboPac PA-1 (Dionex) column, dialyzing breast milk or animal milk, Further, this dialysis external solution can also be isolated by subjecting it to activated carbon column chromatography, amino column chromatography or the like. In addition, a method for preparing an enzyme derived from animals or plants or microorganisms by lactose or a lactose-containing composition by a sugar transfer reaction includes, for example, Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus circulans, or Saccharomyces lactis (Saccharomyces). Enzymes such as β-galactosidase derived from animals and plants such as lactis) or microorganisms, or β-glucosidase derived from almonds can be used. These enzymes can be obtained by a sugar transfer reaction by adding them to a lactose-containing solution having a solid content of 5 to 60% and allowing them to act at 5 to 65 ° C. for about 1 to 24 hours. Furthermore, as a method for preparing using microbial cells, a method using microbial cells such as Cryptococcus laurentii or immobilized cells is known (Takahiro Toba, Jpn. J). .DairyFood Sci, 34,169 - 182,1985:. Osamu Ozawa, separate Food Chemical - 4,115 - 122,1990). In this method, microbial cells such as lactose, whey, skim milk or whole milk are used as raw materials, and the cells are allowed to act at 5 to 65 ° C. for 1 to 24 hours. The oligosaccharide prepared as described above can be blended with other raw materials or products at any stage of the production process. Furthermore, the target oligosaccharide may be produced by allowing β-galactosidase derived from microorganisms, animals or plants to act at any stage of the production process, or using microbial cells. Moreover, when it is necessary to refine | purify the oligosaccharide obtained by said preparation method, you may process by one or more, such as a gel filtration method, a membrane filtration method, an ion exchange resin method, an electrodialysis method. The oligosaccharide composed of 4 'galactosyl lactose prepared as described above is blended in an amount of 0.1 mg to 5 g, preferably 5 mg to 5 g, per 100 g of the solid content of the digestive tract infection protective nutrition composition of the present invention. If the blending amount is 0.1 mg or less, the desired physiological effect is not recognized, while if it is 5 g or more, there is a problem that the incidence of diarrhea symptoms due to the indigestibility of oligosaccharides increases.
[0009]
The digestive tract infection protective nutrition composition of the present invention is composed mainly of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins and minerals, and the oligosaccharide obtained by the above method is blended with these components. . Proteins constituting the infection-protecting nutrition composition of the present invention are milk proteins such as skim milk, casein, cheese whey, whey protein concentrate (WPC), whey protein isolate (WPI), and fractions thereof. αs-casein, β-casein, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, etc., and egg proteins such as egg yolk protein, egg white protein, ovalbumin, or soy protein such as defatted soybean protein, separated soybean protein, concentrated soybean protein Mention may be made of proteins. Other than these, for example, proteins such as wheat gluten, fish protein, livestock protein, collagen may be used. Furthermore, a fraction of these proteins, a peptide treated with an acid or an enzyme, or a free amino acid may be used. In addition to the nitrogen source, the free amino acid can also be used for imparting a specific physiological action. Examples of these free amino acids include taurine, cystine, cysteine, arginine, and glutamine. The amount of protein, peptide or free amino acid is 5 to 30% by weight per solid content. In addition, as a saccharide, the above 4 'galactosyl lactose is blended as an essential component, and other saccharides include starch, soluble polysaccharides, dextrin, sucrose, lactose, maltose, glucose, fructose and other monosaccharides, Furthermore, other oligosaccharides, such as 6 'galactosyl lactose, fructooligosaccharide, and lactulose, can be mentioned, and any one or more of these saccharides are blended. It is preferable to mix | blend 40-80 weight% of compounding quantities of saccharide | sugar with respect to solid content of a digestive tract infection defense nutrition composition. Depending on the application, artificial sweeteners such as aspartame can be used. The blending amount of this artificial sweetener is suitably 0.05 to 1.0% by weight per solid content.
[0010]
Lipids include animal fats such as milk fat, lard, beef tallow and fish oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, palm oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, linseed oil, evening primrose oil, medium Any one or more of chain fatty acid triglycerides (MCT) and vegetable oils such as cottonseed oil, and fractionated oils, hydrogenated oils and transesterified oils can be used. The lipid is preferably blended in an amount of 40% by weight or less per solid content of the nutritional composition. However, depending on the use of the nutritional composition, it can be made fat-free. For vitamins and minerals, please refer to “Japan International Dairy Federation, CODEX Standards for Special Use Foods including Infant Food and Related Sanitation Work Rules, CAC / VOL.IX- 1st Edition and Supplement 1,2,3,4 ( 1993) ”,“ Food and Science Co., Ltd., 1993 edition designated food additive handbook (revised 31st edition) (1993) ”and“ Food and Science Co., Ltd. 12th edition) (1992) ", any one or more of the vitamins and minerals that can be used in the nutritional composition can be used. Specific examples of vitamins include vitamins A, B, C, D, E, K, folic acid, pantothenic acid, β-carotene, nicotinamide, carnitine, choline, inositol, biotin and the like. The total amount of vitamins is preferably 10 mg to 5 g% by weight per solid content of the nutritional composition. In addition, for minerals, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, copper, zinc, phosphorus, chlorine, manganese, selenium, iodine, etc., and the total amount of minerals is 1 mg per solid content of the nutritional composition It is preferable that -5g weight% is mix | blended. The digestive tract infection-preventing nutritional composition of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned ingredients, but any ingredient that can be blended in the nutritional composition, such as dietary fiber, nucleic acids such as nucleotides, flavors, and coloring agents. Etc. may be included.
[0011]
Hereinafter, while confirming the effect of the present invention by a test example, an example is shown and explained concretely.
[Test example]
[Test Example 1]
(Preparation of oligosaccharides) 2 kg of lactose was dissolved in 10 kg of hot water, 600 U of β-galactosidase derived from Bacillus circulans was added thereto, reacted at 40 ° C for 20 hours, and then heated at 120 ° C for 3 seconds. The enzyme was inactivated by sterilization and clarified to obtain about 12 kg of oligosaccharide-containing solution. This solution was subjected to gel filtration chromatography (10 × 200 cm) using Biogel P4 (manufactured by Biorat) to collect the oligosaccharide fraction, and further applied to a CarboPac PA-1 column (manufactured by Dionex) under 25 mM NaOH conditions. The oligosaccharide was adsorbed on the column and eluted with 100 mM NaOH to recover 4 'galactosyl lactose. Further, this was passed through a column packed with 1 L of Dowex 50W (H + type) resin (manufactured by Dowex), and desalted and neutralized. This oligosaccharide solution was freeze-dried and pulverized to obtain 800 g of a pure oligosaccharide powder composed of 4 'galactosyl lactose. The purity of 4 'galactosyl lactose was determined by the area method by high performance liquid chromatography using recrosol part-NH2 (manufactured by Cica-Merk) [Journal of Japanese Food Industry Society Vol.36, No.4, p.326 (1989)]. It was measured.
(Preparation of formula milk) 1.48 kg of whey protein (WPC) and 6.24 kg of lactose were added and dissolved in 48 kg of milk, and 0.12 kg of water-soluble vitamins and minerals were added and dissolved therein. Further, 4.0 kg of prepared fat in which fat-soluble vitamins were dissolved was mixed and homogenized, and then sterilized, concentrated and dried according to a conventional method to obtain 17.4 kg of milk powder .
(Preparation of trial Kenchichi) mixing an oligosaccharide powder and formula milk prepared respectively above oligosaccharide content, respectively, per solids 100 g, 0,0.1,50,500,1000,3000, Both were mixed so that it might become 5000 mg. In addition, lactose is 6.0, 6.0, 5.95, 5.5, 5.0, 3.0, 1.0 g per 100 g of solid content so that the sugar content of each test milk is equal. Added and mixed one by one. These prepared milk powders were dissolved in warm water so as to have a solid content of 13% by weight to obtain test milks 1 to 7. The oligosaccharide content per 100 ml of each test milk was 0, 0.013, 6.50, 65.0, 130, 390, and 650 mg.
(E. coli adhesion inhibition confirmation test) 35 cynomolgus monkeys were divided into 7 groups, each of the test milks 1 to 7 prepared above were continuously given for 10 days, and feces were collected on the 11th day. 1 g (wet weight) of stool was suspended in 5 ml of a phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) using a homogenizer, and then the precipitate was removed by centrifugation to collect a water-soluble fraction. 10 8 / ml of pathogenic Escherichia coli type 055 strain (ATCC12014) and type 0111ab (ATCC29552) cultured in heart infusion medium in a solution in which this water-soluble fraction and Eagle medium were mixed at a ratio of 1: 9 And left at room temperature for 1 hour. This Escherichia coli suspension was added to the human small intestine-derived strain 407 subcultured in Eagle's medium and allowed to stand at 30 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereafter, the E. coli suspension and the cells were separated, the cells were washed three times with a phosphate buffer, fixed with methanol, stained with Giemsa, and the number of E. coli adhering to the cell 407 strain was counted under a microscope. . For each sample, 50 cells were counted, and the average value was taken as the number of adherent bacteria and evaluated by the adhesion rate A. The results are shown in Table 1 . In addition, the adhesion rate A was calculated | required by following Formula.
A (%) = XS / XC x100
XC: Number of adherent bacteria of control (no stool fraction added) XS: Number of adherent bacteria of each sample [ 0012 ]
[ Table 1 ]
Figure 0003789146
[ 0013 ]
As is apparent from Table 1, the fecal water-soluble fraction of the group bred with the oligosaccharide-containing formula has a lower adherence rate to Escherichia coli cells than the group bred with formula without the oligosaccharide. It can be seen that there is an inhibitory effect. Infection starts with the attachment of pathogenic bacteria and viruses to host cells, but infection can be prevented if cell adhesion of pathogenic bacteria and viruses can be prevented. Therefore, this test example revealed that oral intake of 4 'galactosyl lactose can prevent E. coli infection in the digestive tract.
[ 0014 ]
【Example】
[Example 1]
(Preparation of oligosaccharide) 200 L of defatted breast milk was concentrated and subjected to gel filtration chromatography (10 × 200 cm) using Biogel P4. Further, the obtained oligosaccharide fraction was passed through a CarboPac PA-1 column (manufactured by Dionex) under 25 mM NaOH conditions to adsorb the oligosaccharide, and the oligosaccharide adsorbed with 100 mM NaOH was eluted. This solution was passed through a column packed with 1 L of Dowex 50W (H + type) resin, and desalted and neutralized. The oligosaccharide solution thus obtained was freeze-dried and pulverized to obtain 1.2 g of pure oligosaccharide powder composed of 4 'galactosyl lactose.
(Production of oligosaccharide-containing infant formula) In 5.04 kg of skim milk, 158 g of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and 924 g of lactose were added and dissolved. Water soluble vitamins (vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, C, niacin, folic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin, choline, inositol) and minerals (calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium ferrous citrate) , Copper sulfate and zinc sulfate) were added and dissolved, respectively, and 578 g of prepared fat dissolved with fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, K, β-carotene) was added and mixed. This was homogenized and sterilized according to a conventional method, then concentrated and dried to obtain 2.1 kg of prepared milk powder. The oligosaccharide powder prepared above was added to and mixed with the resulting prepared milk powder to obtain infant formula milk powder containing 55 mg of oligosaccharide per 100 g of solid content.
[ 0015 ]
[Example 2]
(Preparation of Oligosaccharide) After degreasing 10,000 L of bovine colostrum, further concentration, chromatographic treatment as in Example 1 above, freeze-drying and grinding, 10 g of pure oligosaccharide consisting of 4 'galactosyl lactose Got.
(Manufacture of an infant formula containing oligosaccharide) 880 g of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and 5.2 kg of lactose were dissolved in 20 kg of hot water, and further 490 g of casein dissolved in 7.5 kg of milk and a predetermined amount of alkali. Was added. To this, 75 g of water-soluble vitamins and minerals (both the same as in Example 1) and 10 g of the oligosaccharide powder prepared above were added and dissolved, and fat-soluble vitamins (same as in Example 1) were further dissolved. 2.5 kg of the prepared fat was added and mixed. This was homogenized and sterilized according to a conventional method, then concentrated and dried to obtain 10 kg of infant formula containing 100 mg of oligosaccharide per 100 g of solid content.
[ 0016 ]
[Example 3]
(Preparation of oligosaccharide) 10 kg of lactose was dissolved in 50 kg of hot water, 4000 U of β-galactosidase derived from Bacillus circulans was added thereto, reacted at 40 ° C for 20 hours, and then heated at 120 ° C for 3 seconds. The enzyme was inactivated by sterilization and clarified to obtain about 60 kg of oligosaccharide-containing solution. This solution contained 3.5 kg of oligosaccharides composed of 4 'galactosyl lactose, 5.5 kg of lactose and 1.0 kg of monosaccharides.
(Manufacture of oligosaccharide-containing infant formula) 9.4 kg of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and 47 kg of lactose were dissolved in 300 kg of hot water, and 7.1 kg of casein dissolved in a predetermined amount of alkali was added. 17.4 kg each of water-soluble vitamins and minerals (both the same as in Example 1) were added and dissolved, and 27.4 kg of prepared fat in which fat-soluble vitamins (same as in Example 1) were dissolved and the above 50 kg of the oligosaccharide-containing solution prepared in the above was added and mixed. This was homogenized and sterilized according to a conventional method, and then concentrated and dried to obtain 100 kg of infant formula containing 2.9 g of oligosaccharide per 100 g of solid content.
[ 0017 ]
[Example 4]
(Preparation of yogurt) 1.0 kg of whole milk powder was dissolved in 5.0 kg of hot water, and Cryptococcus laurentii cells fixed with calcium alginate were added thereto, followed by stirring reaction at 45 ° C. for 12 hours. An oligosaccharide consisting of galactosyl lactose was produced. The cells were removed by clarification and sterilized at 120 ° C. for 3 seconds. This was inoculated with Lactbacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus as a starter, dispensed into a 500 ml container, and yogurt was produced by a conventional method. The oligosaccharide content of this yogurt was 1.5% by weight per product solids.
[ 0018 ]
【The invention's effect】
Since the conventional nutritional composition for infants is prepared using cow's milk as a raw material, it does not substantially contain an oligosaccharide composed of 4 'galactosyl lactose. The present invention has been found for the first time that an oligosaccharide composed of 4 'galactosyl lactose is contained in breast milk, and the bioactive effect of this oligosaccharide has been confirmed and blended in a nutritional composition for infants. And it became possible to bring the function closer to breast milk. That oligosaccharides containing infant gastrointestinal infection protective nutritional composition of the present invention, it is possible to prevent infection in digestive tract, contributes gastrointestinal infection protective nutritional composition for good growth similar to breastfed infants It became.

Claims (5)

4′ガラクトシルラクトースを配合したことを特徴とする乳幼児向け消化管感染防御用栄養組成物。A nutritional composition for protecting digestive tract infections for infants, comprising 4 'galactosyl lactose. 4′ガラクトシルラクトースを、固形分100g あたり0.1mg〜5g 配合した請求項1記載の乳幼児向け消化管感染防御用栄養組成物。The nutritional composition for protecting digestive tract infections for infants according to claim 1, wherein 4 'galactosyl lactose is blended in an amount of 0.1 mg to 5 g per 100 g of solid content. 4′ガラクトシルラクトースが、乳から分離調製されたものである請求項1または2記載の乳幼児向け消化管感染防御用栄養組成物。3. The nutritional composition for protecting digestive tract infections for infants according to claim 1, wherein 4 ′ galactosyl lactose is prepared by separation from milk. 4′ガラクトシルラクトースが、乳糖または乳糖含有組成物にβガラクトシダーゼおよび/またはβグルコシダーゼを作用させて糖転移反応により調製されたものである請求項1または2記載の乳幼児向け消化管感染防御用栄養組成物。The nutritional composition for protecting digestive tract infections for infants according to claim 1 or 2, wherein 4 'galactosyl lactose is prepared by a sugar transfer reaction by allowing β-galactosidase and / or β-glucosidase to act on lactose or a lactose-containing composition. object. 4′ガラクトシルラクトースが、微生物菌体を用いて調製されたものである請求項1または2記載の乳幼児向け消化管感染防御用栄養組成物。3. The nutritional composition for protecting digestive tract infections for infants according to claim 1, wherein 4 ′ galactosyl lactose is prepared using microbial cells.
JP06753195A 1995-03-27 1995-03-27 Oligosaccharide-containing nutritional composition Expired - Lifetime JP3789146B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP06753195A JP3789146B2 (en) 1995-03-27 1995-03-27 Oligosaccharide-containing nutritional composition

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP06753195A JP3789146B2 (en) 1995-03-27 1995-03-27 Oligosaccharide-containing nutritional composition

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2002268846A Division JP2003113087A (en) 2002-09-13 2002-09-13 Oligosaccharide-containing nutrient composition

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH08256730A JPH08256730A (en) 1996-10-08
JP3789146B2 true JP3789146B2 (en) 2006-06-21

Family

ID=13347663

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP06753195A Expired - Lifetime JP3789146B2 (en) 1995-03-27 1995-03-27 Oligosaccharide-containing nutritional composition

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3789146B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2476322A3 (en) * 2007-11-26 2015-02-25 Nestec S.A. Age-tailored nutrition system for infants
GB201319525D0 (en) * 2013-11-05 2013-12-18 Optibiotix Health Ltd Composition
CA3009043A1 (en) * 2015-12-29 2017-07-06 Amano Enzyme Inc. Novel .beta.-galactosidase

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH08256730A (en) 1996-10-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
RU2442438C2 (en) Mixture of oligasaccharides
Park Bioactive components in goat milk
US8795651B2 (en) Method of fortifying a foodstuff with sialic acid producing bacteria
TWI622352B (en) Composition comprising heat labile milk proteins and process for preparing same
JPH1099048A (en) Nutrition enriched composition
CN103429092A (en) Use of nutritional compositions including lactoferrin in supporting resistance to diseases and conditions
Tiwari et al. Nutritional Values and Therapeutic Uses of Capra hircus Milk.
Alhaj et al. Milk‐derived bioactive components from fermentation
JP4679687B2 (en) Liver function improving agent
JPH07267866A (en) Growth stimulation agent for bifidus and lactobacillus
JP3789146B2 (en) Oligosaccharide-containing nutritional composition
CN115190881A (en) Galacto-oligosaccharides with terminal mannose residues, preparation and use thereof
Pandya et al. Bioactive components in buffalo milk
JP3886915B2 (en) Peptide milk
JP3388678B2 (en) Immunostimulated liquid food
WO1990013227A1 (en) Low lactose dairy product
JP3366769B2 (en) Nutritional composition containing milt
JPH1052291A (en) Preparation of polyamine
Park Bioactive components in cow's milk
JP2003113087A (en) Oligosaccharide-containing nutrient composition
TW201822640A (en) Compositions comprising maltotriose and methods of using same to inhibit damage caused by dehydration processes
JP2001029011A (en) Nutrient composition
JP2521068B2 (en) healthy food
TW201735942A (en) Composition for inhibiting migration of endotoxin into blood
VERMA et al. Goat milk: A potent nutraceutical food

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20050617

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20060328

R150 Certificate of patent (=grant) or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090407

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100407

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110407

Year of fee payment: 5

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313111

FPAY Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120407

Year of fee payment: 6

R371 Transfer withdrawn

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R371

FPAY Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120407

Year of fee payment: 6

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313111

FPAY Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120407

Year of fee payment: 6

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

FPAY Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120407

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130407

Year of fee payment: 7

FPAY Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130407

Year of fee payment: 7

FPAY Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140407

Year of fee payment: 8

EXPY Cancellation because of completion of term