JP3788974B2 - Three-dimensional image display device and image display method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a three-dimensional picture display device constituted so that an observer himself (herself) can recognize that a false picture can not be perceived or the three-dimensional picture perceived by the observer includes the false picture when such an effect occurs and a picture can be smoothly changed when an observing position is moved. <P>SOLUTION: The three-dimensional picture display device 1 is equipped with a plurality of three-dimensional picture displaying pixels 11 arrayed crosswise and constituted by arraying a plurality of sub pixels 12a and 12b, respectively, and masks opposed to the pixels 11 and provided with a window part 22 corresponding to each pixel 11. The three-dimensional picture is displayed by the pixels 11 by an integral photographic system, and the sub pixel 12a positioned in the center part out of the sub pixels 12a and 12b is used for the display of the three-dimensional picture, and the sub pixel 12b positioned at the periphery part is used for the display of a picture for a warning which can be distinguished from the three-dimensional picture. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&amp;NCIPI

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a display device capable of displaying a three-dimensional image and an image display method for displaying a three-dimensional image.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The three-dimensional image display technology can be classified in various ways, but is generally classified into a binocular parallax method using binocular parallax and a spatial image reproduction method that actually forms a spatial image.
[0003]
The binocular parallax method includes a binocular system and a multi-lens system. In the twin-lens method, the left eye image and the right eye image obtained by setting the photographing positions to two positions corresponding to the left eye and the right eye can be seen by the left eye and the right eye, respectively. This is the method. Further, the multi-view type is a method in which the number of video shooting positions is further increased as compared with the twin-lens type.
[0004]
As the aerial image reproduction method, there are a holography method and an integral photography method (hereinafter referred to as an IP method). Note that the IP method may be classified as a binocular parallax method, but since the path of the light ray follows a completely opposite route at the time of shooting and playback, the number of light rays is sufficiently increased and the pixel size is increased. If it can be made sufficiently small, a complete three-dimensional image is reproduced. Therefore, the ideal IP method should be classified as a spatial image reproduction method.
[0005]
By the way, when displaying a three-dimensional image without glasses like the multi-view type or the IP method, for example, the following configuration may be employed. That is, each three-dimensional image display pixel is constituted by a plurality of two-dimensional image display pixels arranged two-dimensionally, and a mask is arranged on the front side thereof. In this mask, a window portion that is much smaller than the 3D image display pixel (typically approximately the same size as the 2D image display pixel) is located at a position corresponding to the 3D image display pixel. Is provided.
[0006]
According to such a configuration, the element image displayed by each pixel for displaying a three-dimensional image is partially blocked by the mask, and the observer visually recognizes only the image transmitted through the window. Therefore, the two-dimensional image display pixels visually recognized through a certain window can be made different for each observation position, and a three-dimensional image can be displayed without using glasses.
[0007]
However, when this configuration is adopted, the original image, that is, the true image, is perceived when observed from the correct position, but if the observation position is shifted, false images that are gradually different from the true image are mixed. In the end, only false images are perceived. This is because, when the observation position is shifted, on the wide viewing angle side, a part of the element image displayed by the adjacent three-dimensional image display pixel is visually recognized from a window portion facing a certain three-dimensional image display pixel. It is to be done.
[0008]
The three-dimensional image display apparatus adopting the above configuration can be used in various fields, and medical use is one of its important uses. When using this 3D image display device in the medical field, the observer can recognize that the false image cannot be perceived or that the 3D image perceived by the observer contains the false image. It is very important to be. However, in the above configuration, the perception of a false image is unavoidable, and when the perceived three-dimensional image includes a false image, this cannot always be recognized.
[0009]
For such problems, it has been proposed to use light refraction (see Patent Document 1 below). In this case, the color filter that is considered to have a function as an optical shutter constitutes the pixel for 3D image display, and a white point light source array is arranged on the back side of the color filter instead of using a mask. It seems.
[0010]
In the technique described in this document, a transparent medium having a refractive index larger than 1 is inserted between the color filter and the white point light source array. In this way, the light component on the wide angle side of the light from each white point light source can be totally reflected on the surface of the transparent medium on the color filter side. Therefore, by appropriately setting the distance between the transparent medium and the color filter, light from a white point light source facing a certain three-dimensional image display pixel is prevented from entering the adjacent three-dimensional image display pixel. be able to. Therefore, the perception of a false image can be prevented.
[0011]
However, since this method uses light refraction, the region of the observation position where a true image can be perceived becomes wide. Therefore, the change in the image that occurs when the observation position is moved becomes discontinuous, and the natural motion parallax is lost or included in the 3D image display pixel to obtain the natural motion parallax. The number of two-dimensional image display pixels must be greatly increased.
[0012]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2002-72136 A
[0013]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is that a false image cannot be perceived, or when a three-dimensional image perceived by the observer contains a false image, the observer can recognize this and display a three-dimensional image. Provided are a three-dimensional image display device capable of smoothly changing an image when the observation position is moved even when the number of two-dimensional image display pixels included in the pixels for use is relatively small, and a display method using the same. There is.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of three-dimensional image display pixels, which are arranged vertically and horizontally and each has a plurality of sub-pixels arranged thereon, are opposed to the plurality of three-dimensional image display pixels and each And a mask provided with a window corresponding to the three-dimensional image display pixel, displaying a three-dimensional image by an integral photography method, and in each of the plurality of three-dimensional image display pixels Among the plurality of sub-pixels, the one located in the central part is used for displaying the three-dimensional image, and the one located in the peripheral part is used for displaying a warning image that can be distinguished from the three-dimensional image. A three-dimensional image display device characterized by being configured as described above is provided.
[0015]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, a plurality of three-dimensional image display pixels arranged vertically and horizontally and each having a plurality of sub-pixels arranged thereon are opposed to the plurality of three-dimensional image display pixels, and A first light-shielding layer provided with a first window corresponding to the three-dimensional image display pixels, and a plurality of the three-dimensional image display pixels and the first light-shielding layer spaced apart from each other. There is provided a three-dimensional image display device comprising a second light-shielding layer disposed and provided with a second window portion at a position corresponding to the first window portion.
[0016]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, a plurality of three-dimensional image display pixels arranged vertically and horizontally and each having a plurality of sub-pixels arranged thereon are opposed to the plurality of three-dimensional image display pixels, and An image display method for displaying a three-dimensional image on a three-dimensional image display device comprising a mask provided with a window corresponding to the pixel for displaying the three-dimensional image. An original image is displayed, and in each of the three-dimensional image display pixels, among the plurality of sub-pixels, the one located in the central portion is used for displaying the three-dimensional image, and the one located in the peripheral portion is used. An image display method is provided that is used for displaying a warning image that can be distinguished from the three-dimensional image.
[0017]
In the first and second aspects, the relative position of the three-dimensional image display pixel with respect to the window facing the pixel shifts stepwise in a direction away from the reference position as the distance from the reference position in the display surface increases. It may be. Alternatively, the relative position of the window portion with respect to the three-dimensional image display pixel facing the window portion may be constant within the display surface.
[0018]
The three-dimensional image display device according to the third aspect may further include a transparent substrate that is interposed between the first light shielding layer and the second light shielding layer and supports them.
[0019]
Here, the term “integral photography (IP) system” and the term “multi-lens” are distinguished as follows.
[0020]
The multi-view system assumes that the observation position is separated from the display surface by the observation viewing distance L, and in this case, the two-dimensional images photographed at the two photographing positions with the right eye and the left eye are observed. This is a 3D image display system that adopts a simple design. That is, in the multi-view system, two or more pairs of condensing points corresponding to the right eye and the left eye are set in a plane separated from the display surface by the observation viewing distance L, and two images taken at each observation position are set. It is designed so that display light for displaying a three-dimensional image is condensed at each of the condensing points. Note that the two-dimensional image used here is captured by a perspective projection method.
[0021]
According to such a design, the observer is separated from the screen by an observation viewing distance L, and separate images (two-dimensional images taken at two photographing positions) for the right eye and the left eye without using glasses. ) Can be seen. Further, when two or more of the pair of condensing points are arranged in the horizontal direction, an image observed with the left eye and an image observed with the right eye according to moving the observation position in the left and / or right direction Both will switch. Therefore, the observer can confirm how the three-dimensional image changes according to the movement of the observation position.
[0022]
On the other hand, the IP method is a three-dimensional image display method adopting a design in which a two-dimensional image photographed at each photographing position is not condensed at one point. For example, assuming that the observation position is at an infinite distance from the display surface, in that case the image observed with one eye is designed to switch for each image taken at multiple shooting positions according to the observation angle To do. Specifically, unlike multi-view perspective projection, an image photographed by a parallel projection method is used.
[0023]
According to such a design, since it is not actually observed from a position away from infinity from the display surface, a two-dimensional image observed with one eye is a two-dimensional image captured at any imaging position and Never equal. However, each of the two-dimensional image observed with the right eye and the two-dimensional image observed with the left eye is configured by adding together images taken by parallel projection from a plurality of directions. It becomes a two-dimensional image by the perspective projection method imaged from the observation position. With such a configuration, separate images can be seen by the right eye and the left eye, and the 3D image perceived by the observer is a tertiary image that is recognized when the captured object is actually observed from either direction. It is equivalent to the original image.
[0024]
The term “reference position” means any one point located in the display surface or any straight line located in the display surface. The “reference position” may be set anywhere in the display surface. However, when the “reference position” is a point, it is typically set at approximately the center of the display surface. When the “reference position” is a straight line, it is typically set so as to pass through substantially the center of the display surface and to be perpendicular to a line connecting both eyes of the observer.
[0025]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each figure, the same reference numerals are given to components having the same or similar functions, and redundant description is omitted.
[0026]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a three-dimensional image display apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The three-dimensional image display apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 can display a three-dimensional image by the IP method, and is arranged with three-dimensional image display pixels 11 arranged vertically and horizontally, and the three-dimensional image display pixels 11 spaced apart from them. Corresponding to the mask 20 provided with the window 22.
[0027]
FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an example in which the structure shown in FIG. 1 is realized by using a liquid crystal display device. In FIG. 2, the three-dimensional image display pixel 11 is configured by a pixel of the transmissive liquid crystal display device 10, and a backlight 30 which is a surface light source is disposed on the back side of the liquid crystal display device 10. A mask device 20 having a function as a mask is arranged on the front side of the liquid crystal display device 10.
[0028]
When the transmissive liquid crystal display device 10 is used, the mask device 20 may be disposed between the backlight 30 and the liquid crystal display device 10. When a self-luminous display device such as an organic EL (electroluminescence) display device, a cathode ray tube display device, or a plasma display device is used instead of the liquid crystal display device 10 and the backlight 30, the mask device 20 is first used. The self-luminous display device is disposed on the front side.
[0029]
As the mask device 20, a device in which a light shielding body pattern having an opening corresponding to the window portion 22 is formed on a transparent substrate, or a light shielding plate provided with a through hole corresponding to the window portion 22 can be used. Alternatively, as the mask device 20, a device that can arbitrarily change the arrangement, size, shape, and the like of the window portion 22, such as a transmissive liquid crystal display device, may be used.
[0030]
FIG. 3A is a plan view schematically showing an example of a structure that can be employed in the three-dimensional image display pixel 11 in the three-dimensional image display device 1 shown in FIG. FIG. 3B is a plan view schematically showing an example of a structure that can be employed for the mask 20 in the three-dimensional image display device 1 shown in FIG.
[0031]
As shown in FIG. 3A, each three-dimensional image display pixel 11 is composed of a plurality of sub-pixels 12 arranged two-dimensionally. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3B, the windows 22 are regularly arranged, and therefore the relative positions of the windows 22 with respect to the three-dimensional image display pixels 11 are within the display surface. It is constant.
[0032]
When the three-dimensional image display device 1 is a monochrome type, for example, the display colors of the sub-pixels 12 can be the same, and the individual sub-pixels 12 can be the two-dimensional image display pixels. In this case, normally, each window portion 22 has a shape similar to one subpixel 12, and typically has substantially the same shape and size as one subpixel 12.
[0033]
When the three-dimensional image display device 1 is a full color type, for example, a two-dimensional image display pixel can be configured by three subpixels 12 whose display colors are red, green, and blue. Alternatively, each of the red, green, and blue sub-pixels 12 may constitute a two-dimensional image display pixel. In the former case, each window portion 22 usually has a shape similar to one of the two-dimensional image display pixels composed of the three sub-pixels 12 of red, green, and blue, typically one two-dimensional image. The shape and dimensions are almost the same as the display pixel. In the latter case, each window portion 22 generally has a shape similar to one subpixel 12, typically approximately the same shape and size as one subpixel 12.
[0034]
Moreover, although the example which provided the window part in the grid | lattice form was shown in FIG.3 (b), the window part should just be arrange | positioned spatially equally, for example, you may arrange | position in a checkered pattern shape.
[0035]
In the present embodiment, the above-described three-dimensional image display device 1 performs display by the following method, for example, so that when the three-dimensional image perceived by the observer includes a false image, the observer himself / herself will know that. Make it recognizable.
[0036]
FIG. 4 is a plan view schematically showing a 3D image display apparatus 1 using the 3D image display pixel 11 of FIG. 3A and the mask 20 of FIG. In FIG. 4, only the window portion 22 is drawn for the mask 20.
[0037]
In the present embodiment, a plurality of two-dimensional image display pixels included in each of the three-dimensional image display pixels 11, here, subpixels 12, the one located at the center (subpixel 12 a) is converted into a three-dimensional image. Is used for displaying a warning image that can be distinguished from the three-dimensional image (subpixel 12b). An image used for displaying a three-dimensional image among images displayed by the plurality of two-dimensional image display pixels 12 included in each three-dimensional image display pixel 11 is referred to as an element image.
[0038]
FIG. 5A is a diagram schematically showing the relationship between the three-dimensional image display device 1 shown in FIG. 4 and the observation position. FIG. 5B is a diagram schematically showing a three-dimensional image perceived when observed at each observation position shown in FIG. In FIG. 5A, a broken line 51 is a straight line connecting the boundary between the three-dimensional image display pixels 11 and the window portion 22 of the mask 20. 5A, a broken line 52 indicates a boundary between an observation position where only a true image is perceived and an observation position where a false image is perceived, and a region below the broken line 52 is a true image. Only corresponds to the perceived observation position. Hereinafter, an observation position where only a true image is perceived is referred to as a “viewing zone”.
[0039]
As shown in FIG. 5B, only the true image 61a is perceived at the observation positions A, B1, and B2. Further, when the image is observed in a region (viewing zone) below the broken line 52 shown in FIG. 5A, the appearance of the true image 61a changes depending on the observation position.
[0040]
At the observation positions C1, C2, D1, and D2, the true image 61a and the false image 61b (this is displayed by the 3D image display pixel 11 adjacent to the 3D image display pixel 11 facing a certain window 22). Are recognized because a part of the element image is observed). The ratio of the false image 61b in the perceived three-dimensional image increases as the wide viewing angle side. At the observation positions E1 and E2, since a part of the element image displayed by the adjacent three-dimensional image display pixel 11 is observed for all the window portions 22, only the false image 61b is perceived. Become.
[0041]
In the present embodiment, a warning image that can be distinguished from the true image 61a and the false image 61b is displayed by the sub-pixel 12b shown in FIG. For example, all the sub-pixels 12b are set to a dark display state or a bright display state. Since the subpixel 12b is located at the boundary between the three-dimensional image display pixels 11, for example, when the observation position is moved from B1 to C1, a linear warning image is displayed before the false image 61b appears. 62 appears. When the observation position is moved from C1 to D1, the warning image 62 moves from the left side to the right side in the figure as the proportion of the false image 61b in the perceived three-dimensional image increases. Further, when the observation position is moved from D1 to E1, the warning image 62 disappears and only the false image 61b is perceived.
[0042]
The warning image 62 is perceived as one straight line until one eye is located in an area outside the broken line 52 shown in FIG. 5A and both eyes exceed all the broken lines 51. The
[0043]
Thus, according to the present embodiment, the observer can recognize from the linear warning image 62 that the observation position is out of the viewing zone. 5 (a) and 5 (b) describe the case where the observation position is moved in the horizontal direction, but the observer can move the observation position out of the viewing area by the same method when moving in the vertical direction. I can recognize that. In this case, the warning image is a single horizontal straight line. Further, since the warning image 62 moves with the movement of the observation position, even if the true image 61a and the false image 61b include a linear portion, the linear warning image 62 is not included. Can be easily distinguished from
[0044]
Furthermore, in the present embodiment, unlike the case of using light refraction, the viewing zone width (or the true image can be perceived) at the viewing distance at which the true image can be perceived as the previous effect is obtained. The observation position area) is not widened. Therefore, even when the number of two-dimensional image display pixels (subpixels 12 or 12a) included in the three-dimensional image display pixel 11 is relatively small, the image can change smoothly when the observation position is moved.
[0045]
As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to make the observer surely recognize that the observation position is out of the viewing zone. This effect can be obtained only when the IP method is adopted, and cannot be obtained when the binocular or multi-eye method is adopted. This will be described with reference to FIG.
[0046]
FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a case where a warning image is displayed using a twin-lens system. In FIG. 6, an area 52 </ b> R overlaps an area 81 </ b> R where an image for the right eye can be observed via the right window 22 and an area 82 </ b> R where an image for the right eye can be observed via the left window 22. Area. In addition, the region 52L is a region in which a region 81L in which an image for the left eye can be observed through the right window 22 and a region 82L in which the image for the left eye can be observed through the left window 22 are overlapped. It is. Furthermore, a region 83 indicates a region where the warning image is observed.
[0047]
In the binocular system, only the true image is perceived when the left eye is located in the area surrounded by the broken line 52L and the right eye is located only in the area surrounded by the broken line 52R. When the observation position is shifted and one eye is located in the region 83, the observer perceives a warning image and recognizes that the observation position is out of the viewing area.
[0048]
However, the region 85 is a region in which a region 81L in which an image for the left eye can be observed through the right window 22 and a region 82L in which the image for the right eye can be observed through the left window 22 are overlapped. And the area | region 81L which can observe the image for right eyes through the window part 22 on the right side, and the area | region 82L which can observe the image for left eyes through the window part 22 on the left side overlap. That is, when the observation position is within the region 85, the observer does not perceive the warning image and perceives a distorted three-dimensional image. Therefore, when the observation position is shifted and one eye is located in the region 85 and the other eye is located in the region 52L or the region 52R, or when both eyes are located in the region 85, the observer However, it is extremely difficult to recognize that the observation position is out of the viewing zone. Thus, in the multi-view system, the observer cannot reliably recognize that the observation position is out of the viewing zone.
[0049]
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the subpixel 12b used for displaying the warning image 62 is arranged for the subpixel 12a used for displaying the three-dimensional image, but other arrangements may be adopted. Is possible.
[0050]
FIG. 7 is a plan view schematically showing a modification of the three-dimensional image display device 1 shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, in each of the three-dimensional image display pixels 11, among the subpixels 12 included therein, one row at the lower end and one column at the right end are set as subpixels 12 b used for displaying the warning image 62. On the other hand, in FIG. 7, in each of the three-dimensional image display pixels 11, among the sub-pixels 12 included therein, in addition to the bottom row and the right column, the top row and the left column are also warned. The sub-pixel 12b for image display is used. In this way, the ratio of the sub-pixel 12a used for displaying the three-dimensional image to the sub-pixel 12b for displaying the warning image is reduced, but the warning image 62 that is more easily perceived can be displayed.
[0051]
In the present embodiment, the row or column formed by the sub-pixel 12b in each of the three-dimensional image display pixels 11 is not limited to one row or one column, and may be a plurality of rows or a plurality of columns. In addition, when the observer can recognize that the observation position is out of the viewing area only in the left-right direction, or in the case of the one-dimensional IP method in which the parallax information is given only in the horizontal direction, In the three-dimensional image display pixel 11, the warning image display sub-pixel 12 b arranged along the boundary between the three-dimensional image display pixels 11 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction may not be provided. Similarly, when only the vertical direction is sufficient for the observer to recognize that the observation position is out of the viewing area, the three-dimensional image display pixels adjacent to the left and right are displayed in each three-dimensional image display pixel 11. The warning image display sub-pixels 12b arranged along the boundary between the pixels 11 for use need not be provided.
[0052]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the second embodiment, the relative position of the three-dimensional image display pixel 11 with respect to the window portion 22 is gradually shifted in a direction away from the reference position in accordance with the distance from the reference position in the display surface. Other than the above, the second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment.
[0053]
FIG. 8A is a plan view schematically showing an IP 3D image display apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8B is a plan view schematically showing the relative position of the three-dimensional image display pixel 11 with respect to the window portion 22 in the three-dimensional image display apparatus of FIG. Note that the three-dimensional image display pixel 11 shown in FIG. 8B is located in the region B0 in the three-dimensional image display pixel 11 shown in FIG.
[0054]
In the structure shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the horizontal interval between the window portions 22 is constant, and the number of horizontal arrangements of the sub-pixels 12a in each of the three-dimensional image display pixels 11 is set in the area A0. , A2R, A4R, A2L, and A4L, and nine in the areas A1R, A3R, A1L, and A3L. As a result, the relative position of the three-dimensional image display pixel 11 with respect to the window portion 22 increases as the distance from the straight line that passes through the center of the three-dimensional image display pixel 11 drawn in the center and extends in the vertical direction is increased. Shifting in stages away from the straight line. Further, in this structure, the vertical interval between the window portions 22 is made constant, and the relative position of the 3D image display pixel 11 with respect to the window portion 22 is set at the center of the 3D image display pixel 11 drawn in the center. The distance is shifted stepwise in a direction away from the straight line extending away from the straight line extending in the horizontal direction.
[0055]
In FIG. 8A, the center of the three-dimensional image display pixel 11 drawn at the center corresponds to the reference position. That is, in the region where the region A0 and the region B0 shown in FIG. 8A overlap each other, the window 22 faces the center of the 3D image display pixel 11 as shown in FIG. 8B. On the other hand, in the area on the right side of the area A0, the 3D image display pixel 11 faces the position on the right side of the center of the window portion 22, and in the left area, the center of the 3D image display pixel 11 window portion 22 is. It faces the position on the left side. Similarly, in the region above the region B0, the 3D image display pixel 11 faces the position above the center of the window portion 22, and in the lower region, the center of the 3D image display pixel 11 window portion 22 exists. It faces the lower position.
[0056]
When such a structure is adopted, when the 3D image perceived by the observer includes a false image by performing display in the same manner as described in the first embodiment, this is indicated to the observer. It becomes possible to recognize itself. Further, in the present embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the observation position is also obtained when the number of two-dimensional image display pixels (subpixels 12 or 12a) included in the three-dimensional image display pixel 11 is relatively small. When the is moved, the image can change smoothly.
[0057]
Furthermore, in the second embodiment, since the above-described structure is adopted, it is possible to make the viewer perceive a warning image 62 different from that in the first embodiment.
[0058]
FIG. 9A is a diagram schematically showing the relationship between the three-dimensional image display device 1 shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B and the observation position. FIG. 9B is a diagram schematically showing a three-dimensional image perceived when observed at each observation position shown in FIG. In FIG. 5A, the straight lines 51 connecting the boundary between the three-dimensional image display pixels 11 and the window portion 22 of the mask 20 are parallel to each other, whereas in FIG. A straight line group composed of the straight lines 51 intersects at one point 55.
[0059]
As shown in FIG. 9B, only the true image 61a is perceived at the observation positions A, B1, and B2. Further, when the image is observed in a region (viewing zone) below the broken line 52 shown in FIG. 9A, the appearance of the true image 61a changes depending on the observation position. This is the same as described with reference to FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b).
[0060]
At the observation positions C1 and C2, both eyes are out of the viewing zone and are located near the intersection 55 where the warning image is displayed with a distribution. Therefore, the observer perceives the warning image 62 over almost the entire screen. Here, as an example, the warning image 62 has a checkered pattern. Further, here, in order for the observer to easily perceive the warning image 62, the number N of columns of the pixels 12b located at the boundary between the adjacent three-dimensional image display pixels 11, the width w of the pixels 12b, the mask The distance (viewing distance) L between 20 and the intersection 55, the gap g between the three-dimensional image display pixel 11 and the mask 20, and the distance D between both eyes are inequalities: D ≦ N × w × L / It is designed to satisfy g. In the case of D> N × w × L / g, at the observation positions C1 and C2, the warning image is visually recognized as a plurality of vertical straight lines positioned at almost equal intervals in the screen.
[0061]
When the observation position is moved to the wide viewing angle side, the observer perceives the false image 61b from one eye and the warning image 62 over the entire screen from the other eye. Only the false image 61b is perceived at the observation positions E1 and E2 where the observation position is further moved to the wide viewing angle side.
[0062]
Thus, according to the present embodiment, the warning image 62 can be two-dimensionalized. Therefore, the warning image 62 can be easily identified from the true image 61a and the false image 61b.
[0063]
Note that the warning image 62 displayed on the entire screen is perceived only when the observation position is positioned in the vicinity of the intersection 55 of the straight line 51. For example, at the observation positions D1 and D2, the width of the perceived warning image 62 becomes narrow. Thus, in the present embodiment, when the observation position is on the straight line 51, the ratio of the warning image 62 to the entire screen decreases as the distance from the intersection of the straight line 51 to the observation position increases. However, if the distance is sufficiently short, the warning image 62 is more easily perceived than in the first embodiment.
[0064]
Further, as is clear from a comparison between FIG. 5A and FIG. 9A, this embodiment is advantageous in expanding the viewing zone as compared to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 9 (a), the fact that the plurality of straight lines 51 are parallel to each other is one of the characteristics that arise when the IP method is adopted.
[0065]
In the previous example, as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the subpixel 12b used for displaying the warning image 62 is arranged with respect to the subpixel 12a used for displaying the three-dimensional image. It is also possible to adopt this arrangement.
[0066]
For example, in each of the three-dimensional image display pixels 11, among the sub-pixels 12 included therein, in addition to the bottom row and the right column, the top row and the left column are also displayed in the warning image display sub-row. The pixel 12b may be used.
[0067]
In addition, the row or column formed by the subpixel 12b in each of the three-dimensional image display pixels 11 is not limited to one row or one column, and may be a plurality of rows or a plurality of columns.
[0068]
Further, when the direction in which the observer can recognize that the observation position is out of the viewing area is sufficient only in the left-right direction, or in the case of the one-dimensional IP method in which the parallax information is given only in the horizontal direction, In the three-dimensional image display pixel 11, the warning image display sub-pixel 12 b arranged along the boundary between the three-dimensional image display pixels 11 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction may not be provided. Similarly, when only the vertical direction is sufficient for the observer to recognize that the observation position is out of the viewing area, the three-dimensional image display pixels adjacent to the left and right are displayed in each three-dimensional image display pixel 11. The warning image display sub-pixels 12b arranged along the boundary between the pixels 11 for use need not be provided.
[0069]
8A and 8B, the relative position of the three-dimensional display pixel 11 with respect to the three-dimensional display pixel 11 indicates the respective three-dimensional image display pixels 11 included in the regions A1R, A3R, A1L, and A3L. In FIG. 1, the subpixels 12a are increased by one column on the outside, and the subpixels 12a are shifted in the direction away from the reference line according to the distance from the reference line extending through the center of the window 22 and extending in the vertical direction. Can also be adopted. For example, the relative position of the three-dimensional display pixel 11 with respect to the window 22 is a direction away from the reference line in accordance with the distance from the reference line that passes through the center of the central three-dimensional display pixel 11 and extends in the left-right direction. You may shift to. Further, the relative position of the 3D display pixel 11 with respect to the window portion 22 may be shifted in a direction away from the reference point as the distance from the center (reference point) of the central 3D display pixel 11 increases. .
[0070]
In the first and second embodiments, the display state of the warning image display sub-pixel 12b may not be changeable. Alternatively, the display state of the warning image display sub-pixel 12b may be arbitrarily changed in the same manner as the sub-pixel 12a. In the first and second embodiments, a driving circuit for driving the subpixel 12a and a driving circuit for driving the subpixel 12b may be provided separately, or they may be provided in the same driving circuit. It may be driven by. That is, in the first and second embodiments, the configuration for displaying the warning image 62 may be realized by appropriately designing hardware, or may be realized by simple signal processing. In any case, it is easy to design and manufacture the three-dimensional image display device 1.
[0071]
In the first and second embodiments, when the display state of the warning image display subpixel 12b can be changed, when the moving image is displayed by the subpixel 12a, the warning image display subpixel 12b is used. When a still image is displayed and a still image is displayed by the subpixel 12a, a moving image may be displayed by the warning image display subpixel 12b.
[0072]
In the first and second embodiments, the true image 61a or the false image 61b and the warning image 62 may have different display colors. The true image 61a or the false image 61b and the warning image 62 may have different spatial frequencies. Furthermore, the true image 61a and the false image 61b and the warning image 62 may be different from each other in both display color and spatial frequency.
[0073]
In addition, the display position of the warning image may be a part rather than the entire screen. Specifically, when there is no vertical parallax and only horizontal parallax, a warning image may be provided only in a band-like region extending in the horizontal direction. The band-like region can be provided at the upper part, the lower part, or the center of the screen. On the other hand, when there is also vertical parallax, a warning image may be provided in a frame shape around the screen. In any case, taking into consideration the possibility of the warning image being displayed discretely depending on the viewing distance, providing the warning image in a continuous area in the horizontal or vertical direction ensures a more reliable warning image. Can be visually recognized.
[0074]
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a three-dimensional image display apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The three-dimensional image display device 1 shown in FIG. 10 includes three-dimensional image display pixels 11 arranged vertically and horizontally, and a mask 20 facing them.
[0075]
The mask 20 includes a transparent substrate 23, a first light shielding layer 24 provided on one main surface of the transparent substrate 23, and a second light shielding layer 25 provided on the other main surface of the transparent substrate 23. ing. The second light shielding layer 25 includes a light shielding layer 25a and a reflective layer 25b.
[0076]
The first light shielding layer 24 is provided with a first window portion 22-1 corresponding to the three-dimensional image display pixel 11. The dimensions and arrangement of these first window portions 22-1 can be determined as described in detail below.
[0077]
The second light shielding layer 25 is provided with a second window portion 22-2 corresponding to the three-dimensional image display pixel 11 and the first window portion 22-1. These second window portions 22-2 correspond to the window portions 22 described in the first and second embodiments. Therefore, when the 3D image display device 1 is a monochrome type, each second window portion 22-2 has, for example, a shape similar to one subpixel included in the 3D image display pixel 11, typically, The shape and size may be almost the same as that of one subpixel 12. Further, when the 3D image display device 1 is a full color type, each second window portion 22-2 is one of 2D image display pixels composed of, for example, three sub-pixels of red, green, and blue. It is possible to obtain a shape similar to, typically the same shape and size as one two-dimensional image display pixel. Alternatively, each window portion 22-2 may have a shape similar to one subpixel, typically the same shape and size as one subpixel.
[0078]
In the present embodiment, in the above configuration, various dimensions and arrangements can be determined as follows. That is, first, for each point located on the contour of a certain three-dimensional image display pixel 11, the contour of the second window portion 22-2 facing the point and the three-dimensional image display pixel 11 (three-dimensional image). Of the straight lines passing through the points located above (on the display pixel 11 side), a straight line 53 having the smallest angle with respect to the substrate surface is considered. The position and dimensions of the first window portion 22-1 are determined so that the outline (upper side) thereof substantially coincides with the intersection between the upper surface of the first light shielding layer 24 and the straight line 53.
[0079]
When such a structure is employed, the display light from the sub-pixels included in a certain three-dimensional image display pixel 11 is emitted from the second window portion 22-2 and the first window facing the three-dimensional image display pixel 11. The display light from the sub-pixel included in the adjacent three-dimensional image display pixel 11 cannot pass through the first window portion 22-1 although it can pass through the portion 22-1. Therefore, the observer perceives only a true image and does not perceive a false image.
[0080]
Further, in the present embodiment, unlike the case of using light refraction, the viewing angle at which a true image can be perceived is not widened with the above effect. Therefore, even when the number of two-dimensional image display pixels included in the three-dimensional image display pixels 11 is relatively small, the image can change smoothly when the observation position is moved.
[0081]
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a three-dimensional image display apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the first window portion 22-1 corresponds to the window portion 22 described in the first and second embodiments, and the dimensions and arrangement of the second window portion 22-2 are described below. It is the same as that of 3rd Embodiment except defining.
[0082]
That is, in the present embodiment, first, for each point located on the outline of a certain three-dimensional image display pixel 11, the first window portion 22-1 facing that point and the three-dimensional image display pixel 11 is used. Of the straight lines passing through the points on the contour (upper side), a straight line 54 having the largest angle with respect to the substrate surface is considered. The position and dimensions of the second window portion 22-2 are determined so that the outline (on the three-dimensional image display pixel side) substantially coincides with the intersection of the lower surface of the second light shielding layer 5 and the straight line 54.
[0083]
When such a structure is employed, as in the third embodiment, the observer perceives only a true image and does not perceive a false image. Also in this embodiment, unlike the case where light refraction is used, the viewing angle at which a true image can be perceived is not widened as the previous effect is obtained. Even when the number of two-dimensional image display pixels included in 11 is relatively small, the image can change smoothly when the observation position is moved.
[0084]
10 and 11, a self-luminous display device may be used for the three-dimensional image display pixel 11. 10 and 11, a transmissive liquid crystal display device may be used for the three-dimensional image display pixel 11. In the latter case, the backlight needs to be disposed below the 3D image display pixel 11, and the mask 20 may be disposed above or below the liquid crystal display device.
[0085]
In the third and fourth embodiments, it is desirable that the light shielding layers 24 and 25 include a light shielding layer (for example, a light shielding layer 25a) that looks black on the viewer side. This is for sufficiently sinking black at the time of black display, like the black matrix portion in the color filter of the liquid crystal display device. Examples of the material for such a light shielding layer include a metal film made of chromium oxide or the like, an organic black pigment dispersion resist, and the like. The black pigment dispersion resist is obtained by dispersing a black pigment in a photopolymer, and examples thereof include a pigment dispersion type photosensitive solution “PD-170K (BM)” for color filters manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. . Other examples of the black pigment dispersion resist include a resist in which carbon (carbon) or a mixture of black pigment and carbon is dispersed.
[0086]
In the third and fourth embodiments, the light shielding layers 24 and 25 arranged on the light source side may or may not include a reflective layer (for example, the reflective layer 25b) on the light source side. Also good. When such a reflective layer is provided, light use efficiency is improved and higher luminance can be realized. When a chromium oxide film is used as the light shielding layer, a metal film such as a chromium film is often used as the reflective film formed thereon. In general, the reflection layer is formed so that the end face thereof does not protrude from the light shielding layer.
[0087]
In the third and fourth embodiments, the light shielding layers 24 and 25 are formed on both surfaces of one substrate 23. However, the light shielding layers 24 and 25 may be formed on separate substrates. However, the former is advantageous in terms of reduction in thickness and weight as compared with the latter because the number of necessary parts is small.
[0088]
Further, when the former structure is adopted, higher alignment accuracy can be realized more easily than the latter structure. That is, for example, when the light shielding layer 24 is formed before the light shielding layer 25, an alignment marker is also formed when the light shielding layer 24 is formed. In this way, the patterning for forming the light shielding layer 25 can be performed while confirming the position of the previous marker from the back surface.
[0089]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be described below.
Example 1
In this example, a three-dimensional image display device 1 having a structure similar to that shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 was produced.
[0090]
Specifically, in this example, a UXGA-LCD panel (pixel number 1600 × 1200, screen size 240 mm × 180 mm) was used as the liquid crystal display device 10. In the liquid crystal display device 10, the three types of sub-pixels 12 of red, green, and blue can be driven independently. In addition, the horizontal length of each of the red, green, and blue sub-pixels 12 is 50 μm, and the vertical length is 150 μm. In a normal two-dimensional image display device, one pixel (triplet) is configured by three subpixels 12 of red, green, and blue arranged side by side. In this example, each of the red, green, and blue subpixels is formed. Each of the pixels 12 was a two-dimensional image display pixel. Further, a glass substrate having a thickness of 1.0 mm was used for the liquid crystal display device 10.
[0091]
The mask 20 was formed by sequentially forming a chromium film and a chromium oxide film on one main surface of the glass substrate and patterning the laminated film. Note that slit-like window portions 22 having a width of 50 μm extending in the vertical direction were provided in the light shielding layer by 0.8 mm intervals (center-to-center distance) by the previous patterning.
[0092]
Then, the film forming side of the mask 20 was disposed so as to face the front surface of the liquid crystal display device 10 and held so that the distance between the front surface of the liquid crystal display device 10 and the film forming surface was about 2.7 mm. As a result, the distance from the front surface of the color filter layer of the liquid crystal display device 10 to the mask 20 was about 3.3 mm in terms of air. In such a design, each elemental image is observed within a width of about 240 mm (= 0.8 mm × 1000 mm / 3.3 mm) around the window at a viewing distance of 1 m (hereinafter referred to as the viewing zone). The description of the width refers to the range that can be observed with one eye.In the case of both eyes, the distance between the eyes may be excluded from the value shown here in consideration of both eyes entering).
[0093]
By adopting the above configuration, the three-dimensional image display device 1 in which each of the three-dimensional image display pixels 11 has 16 sub-pixels 12 arranged in the horizontal direction was obtained. Note that a viewing zone where only a true image of the three-dimensional image display device 1 can be observed does not exist in a region having a viewing distance of 1 m or less. This is because at a viewing distance of 1 m, element images corresponding to the respective window portions cannot be observed from the window portions at both ends of the 240 mm wide screen. When the viewing distance is set to 2.0 m, regions where element images corresponding to the respective window portions can be observed are generated from the window portions at both ends of the screen having a width of 240 mm, and the viewing distance of the three-dimensional image display device 1. The viewing zone width at 0 m is about 210 mm (= 240 mm × 7 parallax / 8 parallax; considering the reduction of the viewing zone width due to the dispersion of light rays at the observation position).
[0094]
In the three-dimensional image display device 1, one of the 16 subpixels 12 included in each of the three-dimensional image display pixels 11 (two in total) located at both ends is displayed as a subpixel for displaying a warning image. 12b, and the remaining subpixels 12a for displaying a three-dimensional image. The subpixel 12a was driven to display a three-dimensional image while maintaining all of the warning image display subpixels 12b in a bright display state, and the screen was observed while moving the observation position in the horizontal direction.
[0095]
As a result, the warning image was perceived as being mixed in any region within a viewing distance of 1 m, and it was clearly recognized that there was no region where only the true image could be observed. Further, at the viewing distance of 2.0 m, the viewing area width is reduced to about 150 mm (= 240 mm × 5 parallax / 8 parallax) reflecting the fact that the warning image for two subpixels is inserted, but FIG. , (B), when the observation position is out of the viewing zone, a straight warning image 62 appears, and it is easy to see that the false image 61b is mixed in the perceived image. I was able to recognize it.
[0096]
(Comparative Example 1)
A three-dimensional image display apparatus similar to that described in the first embodiment except that all of the 16 sub-pixels 12 included in each three-dimensional image display pixel 11 are sub-pixels 12a for three-dimensional image display. 1 was produced. Also in the three-dimensional image display device 1, the subpixel 12a was driven to display a three-dimensional image, and the screen was observed while moving the observation position in the horizontal direction. As a result, even when the observation position is out of the viewing zone, the warning image 62 does not appear, and it cannot be easily recognized that the false image 61b is mixed in the perceived image.
[0097]
(Example 2)
As described with reference to FIGS. 8A and 8B, the relative position of the three-dimensional image display pixel 11 with respect to the window portion 22 is gradually changed from the reference position in the display surface to the reference position. A three-dimensional image display device 1 having the same structure as that described in Example 1 was produced except that the shift was performed in the direction away from. Specifically, in the regions A0, A2R, A4R, A2L, A4L, etc., the number of horizontal arrangements of the sub-pixels 12 in each three-dimensional image display pixel 11 is 16, and in the regions A1R, A3R, A1L, A3L, etc. The number of sub-pixels 12 in the horizontal direction in each three-dimensional image display pixel 11 is set to 17. In this example, the distance (viewing distance) in the direction perpendicular to the display surface from the display surface to the intersection 55 shown in FIG. 9A is 1 m, and the viewing zone in which only a true image can be observed at the viewing distance is shown. The width was about 230 mm (= 240 mm × 15 parallax / 16 parallax).
[0098]
In the three-dimensional image display device 1, one of the 16 subpixels 12 included in each of the three-dimensional image display pixels 11 (two in total) located at both ends is displayed as a subpixel for displaying a warning image. 12b, and the remaining subpixels 12a for displaying a three-dimensional image. The three-dimensional image is displayed by driving the subpixel 12a while driving the warning image display subpixel 12b so that a checkered pattern is displayed, and the screen is observed while moving the observation position in the horizontal direction. .
[0099]
As a result, although the viewing zone width has been reduced to about 200 mm (= 240 mm × 13 parallax / 16 parallax) reflecting the insertion of the warning image for two sub-pixels, see FIGS. 8A and 8B. As described above, when the observation position is set to the viewing distance and the viewing area is deviated, the checkered warning image 62 appears on the entire screen, and the false image 61b is mixed in the perceived image. I was able to recognize it very easily. Further, when the observation position is out of the viewing range with the viewing position shifted, the checkered warning image 62 appears on a part of the screen, and in this case, the false image 61b is mixed in the perceived image. I was able to recognize easily.
[0100]
(Comparative Example 2)
A three-dimensional image display device 1 similar to that described in the second embodiment is manufactured except that all the subpixels 12 included in each three-dimensional image display pixel 11 are subpixels 12a for three-dimensional image display. did. Also in the three-dimensional image display device 1, the subpixel 12a was driven to display a three-dimensional image, and the screen was observed while moving the observation position in the horizontal direction. As a result, even when the observation position is out of the viewing zone, the warning image 62 does not appear, and it cannot be easily recognized that the false image 61b is mixed in the perceived image. In Example 2, the viewing zone width was about 200 mm, whereas in this comparative example, the viewing zone width was about 230 mm (= 240 mm × 15 parallax / 16 parallax).
[0101]
Example 3
12A to 12H are cross-sectional views schematically showing a method for manufacturing the mask 20 that can be used in the third embodiment of the present invention. In manufacturing the mask 20, first, as shown in FIG. 12A, a chromium oxide film 24 having a thickness of 100 nm is formed on one main surface of the glass substrate 23 by sputtering. Next, an electron beam resist is applied on the chromium oxide film 24 to a thickness of about 500 to 700 nm, and the coating film is subjected to a heat treatment to form a resist film 71.
[0102]
Next, a pattern is drawn on the resist film 71 corresponding to the window 22-1 using an electron beam drawing apparatus. Furthermore, a resist pattern 71 shown in FIG. 12B is formed by performing development processing or the like on the resist film 71. The previous pattern drawing is performed so that an alignment marker made of a chromium oxide film is formed on the end portion of the main surface of the substrate 23 by etching, which will be described later.
[0103]
Thereafter, the chromium oxide film 24 is etched using the resist pattern 71 as a mask. Here, for example, isotropic wet etching using ceric ammonium nitrate and perchloric acid is performed. In the case of performing anisotropic etching, for example, dry etching may be performed using a mixed gas of carbon tetrachloride and oxygen. As described above, the light shield pattern 24 and the alignment marker 24 ′ shown in FIG. 12C are obtained.
[0104]
After the resist pattern 71 is removed from the light shielding body pattern 24 and the alignment marker 24 ′, as shown in FIG. 12D, the alignment marker is not covered with the light shielding body pattern 24 on the substrate 23. A seal 72 is pasted so as to cover 24 '. A seal 73 is also attached to a position corresponding to the seal 72 on the back surface.
[0105]
Next, as shown in FIG. 12E, a chromium oxide film 25a having a thickness of 60 nm is formed on the entire surface of the substrate 23 to which the seal 73 is attached by a sputtering method. Next, an electron beam resist is applied to both surfaces of the substrate 23 to a thickness of about 500 to 700 nm, and the coating film is subjected to a heat treatment to form resist films 74a and 74b.
[0106]
Thereafter, the seals 72 and 73 are peeled from the substrate 23 as shown in FIG. When the seals 72 and 73 are peeled off, portions of the resist films 74a and 74b located on the seals 72 and 73 are removed.
[0107]
Next, using an electron beam drawing apparatus, a pattern is drawn on the resist film 74b corresponding to the window 22-2. A marker 24 ′ is used for alignment at the time of pattern drawing. Furthermore, a resist pattern 74b shown in FIG. 12G is formed by performing development processing or the like on the resist film 74b. Thereafter, using the resist pattern 74b as a mask, the chromium oxide film 25a is subjected to the same etching process as described with reference to FIG. Although the alignment marker 24 ′ may disappear by this etching, the marker 24 ′ has already played its role, so there is no problem.
[0108]
Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 12 (h), the resist films 74a and 74b are removed from the chromium oxide films 24 and 25a, and the end portion of the substrate 23 where the marker 24 'is formed is cut. The mask 20 is obtained as described above.
[0109]
In the method described with reference to FIGS. 12A to 12H, the reflective layer 25b is omitted. However, in the case of providing the reflective layer 25b, for example, a step of forming a chromium oxide film 25a. A step of forming a chromium film 25b having a thickness of about 100 nm on the chromium oxide film 25a may be added between the step of forming the resist film 74b.
[0110]
Further, in the method described with reference to FIGS. 12A to 12H, the seals 72 and 73 are used to expose the end portion of the substrate 23 where the marker 24 ′ is formed from the chromium oxide films 24 and 25a. However, a method such as mask sputtering may be used. For the surface on the chromium oxide layer 25a side, after forming a chromium oxide layer 25a or a laminated film of the chromium oxide layer 25a and the chromium film 25b on the entire surface, You may utilize methods, such as wiping off the part corresponding to marker 24 'with a hydrofluoric acid.
[0111]
In this example, the three-dimensional image display device 1 shown in FIG. 10 was produced by the above method. In this example, a liquid crystal display device similar to that used in Example 1 was used for the three-dimensional image display pixel 11, and a backlight was disposed on the back side thereof. Further, a glass substrate having a thickness of 1 mm is used as the transparent substrate 23, and slit-like window portions 22-1 having a width of about 160 μm extending in the vertical direction are provided on the light shielding layer 24 at intervals of 0.8 mm (distance between centers). In the light shielding layer 25, slit-like window portions 22-2 having a width of 50 μm extending in the vertical direction are provided at intervals of 0.8 mm (distance between centers). Further, the distance between the mask 20 and the three-dimensional image display pixel 11 (corresponding to the distance from the color filter surface of the liquid crystal display device 10 to the surface on which the light shielding layer 25 of the mask 20 is provided) is about 3 in terms of air. The distance between the glass surface of the liquid crystal display device 10 and the surface provided with the light shielding layer 25 of the mask 20 was set to about 2.7 mm.
[0112]
The 3D image display device 1 displayed a 3D image, and the screen was observed while moving the observation position in the horizontal direction. As a result, for the element image whose observation position is out of the viewing zone, the element image itself cannot be seen, and the false image 61b is not mixed in the perceived image.
[0113]
(Example 4)
In this example, the three-dimensional image display device 1 shown in FIG. 11 was produced by the same method as described in Example 3. In this example, a liquid crystal display device similar to that used in Example 1 was used for the three-dimensional image display pixel 11, and a backlight was disposed on the back side thereof. Further, a glass substrate having a thickness of 1 mm is used as the transparent substrate 23, and slit-like window portions 22-1 having a width of 50 μm extending in the vertical direction are provided on the light shielding layer 24 at intervals of 0.8 mm (center-to-center distance). Provided in the light shielding layer 25 is a slit-like window portion 22-2 having a width of about 160 μm extending in the vertical direction at intervals of 0.8 mm (distance between centers), and is composed of 17 subpixels necessary for shifting the element image. As for the window part corresponding to the element image, the width of the window part correspondingly increases to about 170 μm, and the center position of the window part corresponds to the shift of the element image to the outside with respect to the window part. Was shifted inward by approximately 10 μm. Further, the distance between the mask 20 and the three-dimensional image display pixel 11 (corresponding to the distance from the color filter surface of the liquid crystal display device 10 to the surface on which the light shielding layer 25 of the mask 20 is provided) is about air. The distance between the glass surface of the liquid crystal display device 10 and the surface provided with the light shielding layer 25 of the mask 20 was set to about 2.7 mm.
[0114]
The 3D image display device 1 displayed a 3D image, and the screen was observed while moving the observation position in the horizontal direction. As a result, when the observation position deviates from the viewing area at a viewing distance of 1 m, the element image itself cannot be seen, and the false image 61b is not mixed in the perceived image. Further, even when the observation is performed away from the viewing distance, the element image itself cannot be seen for the element image whose observation position is out of the viewing area, and the false image 61b is not mixed in the perceived image.
[0115]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, a false image cannot be perceived, or when a three-dimensional image perceived by the observer includes a false image, the observer can recognize that fact. A three-dimensional image display device capable of smoothly changing an image when the observation position is moved even when the number of two-dimensional image display pixels included in the three-dimensional image display pixels is relatively small, and the same are used A display method is provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a three-dimensional image display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example in which the structure shown in FIG. 1 is realized by using a liquid crystal display device.
3A is a plan view schematically showing an example of a structure that can be employed in a 3D image display pixel in the 3D image display apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3B is a 3D image shown in FIG. The top view which shows roughly an example of the structure employable as a mask with a display apparatus.
4 is a plan view schematically showing a 3D image display apparatus using the 3D image display pixel of FIG. 3A and the mask of FIG. 3B.
5A is a diagram schematically showing a relationship between the three-dimensional image display device shown in FIG. 4 and an observation position, and FIG. 5B is perceived when observed at each observation position shown in FIG. 5A. The figure which shows a three-dimensional image schematically.
FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a case where a warning image is displayed using a twin-lens method.
FIG. 7 is a plan view schematically showing a modification of the three-dimensional image display device shown in FIG.
FIG. 8A is a plan view schematically showing an IP 3D image display apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8B is a window portion in the 3D image display apparatus of FIG. The top view which shows roughly the relative position of the pixel for three-dimensional image display with respect to.
9A is a diagram schematically showing a relationship between the three-dimensional image display device shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B and an observation position, and FIG. 9B is a diagram showing each observation position shown in FIG. The figure which shows roughly the three-dimensional image perceived when it observes.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a three-dimensional image display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a three-dimensional image display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 12A to 12H are cross-sectional views schematically showing a method for manufacturing a mask that can be used in Example 3 of the present invention. FIGS.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Three-dimensional image display apparatus, 10 ... Liquid crystal display device, 11 ... Three-dimensional image display pixel, 12 ... Sub pixel, 12a ... Sub pixel, 12b ... Sub pixel, 20 ... Mask, 22 ... Window part, 22-1 ... 1st window part, 22-2 ... 2nd window part, 23 ... Transparent substrate, 24 ... 1st light shielding layer, 24 '... Positioning marker, 25 ... 2nd light shielding layer, 25a ... Light shielding body layer, 25b ... Reflective layer, 30 ... back light, 51 ... straight line, 52 ... boundary, 53 ... straight line, 54 ... straight line, 55 ... intersection, 61a ... true image, 61b ... false image, 62 ... warning image, 71 ... resist film, 72 ... seal, 73 ... seal, 74a ... resist film, 74b ... resist film.

Claims (12)

A plurality of three-dimensional image display pixels arranged vertically and horizontally and each having a plurality of subpixels arranged;
A mask provided with a window portion corresponding to each of the three-dimensional image display pixels and facing the plurality of three-dimensional image display pixels,
Display 3D image by integral photography method,
Each of the plurality of sub-pixels can change a display state;
In each of the plurality of three-dimensional image display pixels, among the plurality of sub-pixels, the one located at the center is used for displaying the three-dimensional image, and the one located at the peripheral edge is used as the three-dimensional image. A three-dimensional image display device configured to be used for displaying warning images distinguishable from each other.   The relative position of the three-dimensional image display pixel with respect to the window portion facing it is shifted stepwise in a direction away from the reference position in accordance with the distance from the reference position in the display surface. The three-dimensional image display apparatus according to claim 1. A plurality of three-dimensional image display pixels arranged vertically and horizontally and each having a plurality of subpixels arranged;
A first light-shielding layer facing the plurality of 3D image display pixels and having a first window portion corresponding to each of the 3D image display pixels;
A second light-shielding layer provided between the plurality of 3D image display pixels and the first light-shielding layer so as to be spaced apart from the first light-shielding layer and provided with a second window at a position corresponding to the first window; A three-dimensional image display device comprising:   The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 3, further comprising a transparent substrate that is interposed between the first light-shielding layer and the second light-shielding layer and supports them. A plurality of three-dimensional image display pixels arranged vertically and horizontally and each of which is arranged with a plurality of subpixels, and opposed to the plurality of three-dimensional image display pixels and corresponding to each of the three-dimensional image display pixels An image display method for displaying a three-dimensional image on a three-dimensional image display device comprising a mask provided with a window,
Each of the plurality of sub-pixels can change a display state;
Display 3D image by integral photography method,
In each of the three-dimensional image display pixels, among the plurality of sub-pixels, the one located at the center is used for displaying the three-dimensional image, and the one located at the periphery is distinguished from the three-dimensional image. An image display method characterized by being used for displaying a possible warning image. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein the mask can change at least one of an arrangement, a size, and a shape of the window portion. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 3, further comprising a first transparent substrate supporting the first light shielding layer and a second transparent substrate supporting the second light shielding layer. The one used for displaying the three-dimensional image and the one used for displaying the warning image among the plurality of sub-pixels are driven by the same drive circuit. The three-dimensional image display device according to any one of 6 and 7. 9. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein the configuration for displaying the warning image is realized by simple signal processing. The moving image is displayed as the warning image when the three-dimensional image is a still image, and the still image is displayed as the warning image when the three-dimensional image is a moving image. The three-dimensional image display device according to any one of 1 to 4 and 6 to 9. An image having a display color different from that of the three-dimensional image is displayed as the warning image. The three-dimensional image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and 6 to 10. 12. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein an image having a spatial frequency different from that of the three-dimensional image is displayed as the warning image.

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