JP3785424B2 - Pomegranate Lactic Acid Fermented Beverage - Google Patents

Pomegranate Lactic Acid Fermented Beverage Download PDF

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JP3785424B2
JP3785424B2 JP2001309760A JP2001309760A JP3785424B2 JP 3785424 B2 JP3785424 B2 JP 3785424B2 JP 2001309760 A JP2001309760 A JP 2001309760A JP 2001309760 A JP2001309760 A JP 2001309760A JP 3785424 B2 JP3785424 B2 JP 3785424B2
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lactic acid
pomegranate
juice
fermented beverage
water extract
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JP2003116497A (en
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洋一 谷
富士彌 本郷
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上地 俊徳
洋一 谷
富士彌 本郷
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ざくろの乳酸発酵飲料に関する。さらに詳しくは、原料であるざくろを無駄なく活用し、かつ飲み易くて嗜好性がよく、薬用効果が高いざくろの乳酸発酵飲料に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、野菜や果実はジュースにして広く飲用されている。それらの中に薬効を期待して飲まれるものも多い。ざくろジュースはその一つであり、ざくろには女性ホルモンの1種であるエストロゲンが含有していることから、ヒトの更年期障害に対する効果が指摘され、その消費が増加している。しかし、ざくろジュースにはざくろの果実が用いられ、加工時に搾り粕の種子が大量に廃棄されている。
【0003】
一方、乳酸菌を用いた野菜・果実汁の乳酸発酵飲料が風味や物性の改善、保蔵性の向上、保健効果等の目的で多岐に渡って利用されている。しかし、ざくろの種子を利用した乳酸発酵飲料については知られていない。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたもので、その目的は、従来廃棄されていたざくろ果汁の絞り粕を有効に活用し、しかも薬用効果が高く、飲み易い新規なざくろの飲料を提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究を行った結果、ざくろのジュースを製造するに当たって従来廃棄されていた搾り粕である種子の水抽出物が乳酸菌を失活せず効率よく乳酸発酵でき、発酵飲料になることを突き止めるとともに、ざくろ前記種子水抽出物にざくろ果汁を加えて発酵すると飲み易く、かつ驚くべきことに相乗的に薬効が向上されることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0006】
すなわち、本発明は、ざくろ種子水抽出物及びざくろ果汁を主成分として含む乳酸発酵用原液を乳酸菌により乳酸発酵させて得られる発酵液を含有することを特徴とするざくろの乳酸発酵飲料である。
【0007】
本発明は、さらに、ざくろ種子水抽出物、ざくろ果汁及びオリゴ糖を含む乳酸発酵用原液を乳酸菌により乳酸発酵させて得られる発酵液を含有することを特徴とするざくろの乳酸発酵飲料である。
【0008】
前記ざくろ種子水抽出物とざくろ果汁との混合割合は、ざくろ種子水抽出物をざくろ種子の乾燥粉末100gを1000mlの水によって抽出し、ろ過したろ液からなるざくろ種子水抽出液に換算し、またざくろ果汁をBRIX値65±1のざくろ果汁を10倍(容量)に稀釈したざくろ果汁に換算したとき、質量比で6/4〜2/8であることが好ましい。
【0009】
本発明のざくろの乳酸発酵飲料は糖吸収抑制作用を有する。
【0010】
さらに本発明のざくろの乳酸発酵飲料の製造方法は、ざくろ種子水抽出物及びざくろ果汁を主成分として含む乳酸発酵用原液を加熱殺菌した後、冷却し、これに活性化した乳酸菌を添加し、培養して乳酸発酵して得ることが好適である。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施形態について詳述する。
【0012】
本発明のざくろの乳酸発酵飲料は、ざくろ種子水抽出物及びざくろ果汁を主成分として含む乳酸発酵用原液を、乳酸菌により乳酸発酵させて得られる発酵液を含有することを特徴とする。
【0013】
本発明において用いられるざくろ種子水抽出物及びざくろ果汁を採取するざくろは、ざくろ科のざくろで、学名プニカ グラナトウム(Punica granatum)の落葉高木である。
【0014】
まず、本発明において用いられる乳酸発酵用原液について詳述する。本発明のざくろの乳酸発酵飲料に用いる乳酸発酵用原液は、ざくろ種子水抽出物及びざくろ果汁を主成分とする。
【0015】
本発明において用いられるざくろ種子水抽出物としては、ざくろの種子を水を用いて常法により抽出したものである。ざくろの種子としては、例えば一般的にざくろジュースとして飲用されている果汁を搾った搾り粕を利用して用いるのが効率的である。以下にざくろ種子水抽出物の製造例を示す。
【0016】
(製造例)
ざくろ種子であるざくろジュース搾り粕[(株)ナリラン食品(テヘラン市)社製]を40℃、48時間乾燥後、粉砕した。この粉末100gに300mlの蒸留水を加えて2分間ホモゲナイズ(Polytron,PCU)後1000mlとし、2時間室温に放置後、5℃で24時間撹拌抽出を行った。次いで、二重ガーゼでろ過を行い,得られたろ液をざくろ種子水抽出液とした。次いで、重曹にてpHを6.5〜7.0に調整した。
【0017】
なお、本発明においては、前記製造例に示したざくろ種子の乾燥粉末100gを1000mlの水によって抽出し、ろ過したろ液からなるざくろ種子水抽出液を「ざくろ種子標準水抽出液」ともいう。
【0018】
本発明において用いられるざくろ果汁としては、ざくろ果実のしぼり汁である。ざくろ果汁はざくろの果実から通常行われる処理方法によって得ることができる。具体的には、例えば、ざくろを洗浄してから皮及び種子を除いた後、加熱し、さらに、遠心処理(搾汁)を行い、次いで殺菌処理を行う方法が挙げられる。
【0019】
このようにして得られるざくろ種子水抽出物及びざくろ果汁は、必要に応じて濃縮してもよく、使用に当たっては、この濃縮液をそのまま、あるいは濃縮液を蒸留水等で適当な濃度に希釈して本発明の乳酸発酵用原料の主成分として用いることが可能である。本発明においては、前記ざくろ種子水抽出物及びざくろ果汁が、乳酸発酵に供されるまでに時間がある場合には、これらをポリエチレン製の袋等に入れ、冷凍庫にて保管することが可能である。乳酸発酵に冷凍品を使用する場合には解凍して使用される。
【0020】
本発明のざくろの乳酸発酵飲料に用いる乳酸発酵用原液中のざくろ種子水抽出物とざくろ果汁の混合割合は任意に選択されるが、ざくろ種子標準水抽出液とBRIX値65±1のざくろ果汁を10倍(容量)に稀釈したざくろ果汁の容量比で好ましくは6/4〜2/8である。さらに好ましくは4/6〜2/8である。ここでBRIX値とは、ショ糖(砂糖)溶液の濃度の単位でざくろ果汁溶液20℃における溶液100g中のショ糖(砂糖)のグラム数である。
【0021】
本発明のざくろの乳酸発酵飲料に用いる乳酸発酵用原液はざくろ種子水抽出物及びざくろ果汁を主成分とするが、本発明の効果を損なわない限りにおいて、ざくろ種子水抽出物及びざくろ果汁以外のその他任意成分を含有することも可能である。
【0022】
この様な任意成分として、例えば、オリゴ糖、ショ糖、フラクトース、グルコース等の糖類、香料、クエン酸、リンゴ酸等の酸類等を挙げることができる。
【0023】
本発明においては、前記任意含有成分のうち糖特にオリゴ糖が好ましく配合される。糖特にオリゴ糖の配合により乳酸菌の発育(増殖)が促進され、また官能的に良好で嗜好性の高い甘味が得られる。
【0024】
次に、乳酸菌により乳酸発酵させて得られる発酵液について詳述する。乳酸発酵に際しては、あらかじめ乳酸発酵用原液を好ましくは90〜120℃程度で加熱殺菌処理されることが好ましい。
【0025】
本発明に用いられる乳酸菌は、乳酸発酵飲料に一般に用いられる乳酸菌のいずれをも用いることができる。具体的には、例えば、ラクトバチルス・ブルガリア菌(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus B-5b)、ラクトバチルス・アシドフィラス菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus L-54)、ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィラス菌(Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus 510)、ストレプトコッカス・ラクティス菌(Streptococcus lactis subsp. lactis 527)等である。これらの乳酸菌は、種菌として例えば(財)日本乳業技術協会から入手することができる。乳酸発酵に先だって、これらの乳酸菌は、常法により10%脱脂乳培地にて数回培養を繰り返し、各菌の活性を高めた後、これらをスターターの調製に使用する。
【0026】
本発明のざくろの乳酸発酵飲料に用いる発酵液の乳酸発酵は常法により行うことができるが、例えば、ざくろ種子水抽出液及びざくろ果汁を主成分として含む乳酸発酵用原液に乳酸菌スターターを添加して培養する。より具体的には、ざくろ種子水抽出物及びざくろ果汁を主成分として含む乳酸発酵用原液を加熱殺菌した後、冷却し、これに活性化した乳酸菌スターターを添加して培養し乳酸発酵する。好ましい乳酸菌スターターの添加量は、乳酸発酵用原液100mlに対して2ml程度である。また、培養は、25〜45℃程度で5〜25時間程度、好ましくは、35〜40℃程度で10〜20時間程度、最も好ましくは37℃で15時間、恒温器にて静置培養を行うことが好ましい。
【0027】
このようにして得られる発酵液は、前記発酵液中に含まれる乳酸菌自体も有用であるため、菌体を含有したまま本発明のざくろ乳酸発酵飲料に用いることが可能である。あるいは、発酵液から乳酸菌の菌体を濾過や遠心分離等により除去して、これを本発明のざくろ乳酸発酵飲料に用いることも可能である。
【0028】
本発明のざくろの乳酸発酵飲料には、本発明の効果を損なわない限り、ビタミンなどの各種栄養素等、一般に飲料物に用いられるような添加物を加えてもよい。これにより、更に栄養価が高く、栄養バランスに優れ、良好な香味を呈するざくろの乳酸発酵飲料とすることができる。
【0029】
【実施例】
以下実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明する。
【0030】
(マザースターターの調製)
(財)日本乳業技術協会より入手した凍結乾燥されたラクトバチルス・ブルガリア菌(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus B-5b)、ラクトバチルス・アシドフィラス菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus L-54)、ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィラス菌(Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus 510)、ストレプトコッカス・ラクティス菌(Streptococcus lactis subsp. lactis 527)4菌株の脱脂乳培養物(ガラス瓶に封入されている。)から以下のようにしてマザースターター(Mother starter)を調製した。
【0031】
(1)ガラス瓶の外側を70%アルコール綿で消毒した。
(2)ラジオペンチを70%アルコール綿で消毒した後、アミルシールを取り外した。
(3)ゴム栓を70%アルコール綿で消毒した後取り出し、直ちに滅菌したピペットを用いて下記(7)で作成した脱脂乳培地5mlを加え、取り出したゴム栓をもう一度してからガラス瓶をよく振り、溶解させた。
(4)溶解後、ラクトバチルス・ブルガリア菌、ラクトバチルス・アシドフィラス菌及びストレプトコッカス・サーモフィラス菌の各菌は、37℃で18時間培養し、ストレプトコッカス・ラクティス菌は、30℃で18時間培養した。培養後、培地全体がヨーグルト状になり菌がよく発育していることを確認した。
(5)このようにして各乳酸菌が充分発育したガラス瓶中の培養内容物を、滅菌ピペットで2〜3滴を10mlの別な脱脂乳培地に採り、もう一度(4)と同じ条件で培養した。
(6)この操作を、さらに上記の条件で2回繰り返すと、菌の活性が高まり、生活力旺盛なマザースターターが得られた。
(7)脱脂乳培地は、脱脂乳(抗菌剤を含まない脱脂乳を使用)10gに、蒸留水90mlを加えて混合、溶解した後、121℃、15分間高圧滅菌したものを使用た。すなわち、綿栓(又はシリコーン栓)を予め150〜180℃で30分程度乾熱滅菌したものに約10mlの還元脱脂乳を分注し、オートクレーブで3日間断熱殺菌(121℃、10分)した。
【0032】
次に、滅菌したシリコーン栓付の大型三角フラスコに還元脱脂乳培地を採り殺菌し、冷却後、2%のマザースターターを添加、よく撹拌して37℃に保存し、凝固とともに取り出して使用時まで冷蔵した。(酸度チェック:約0.7%)
【0033】
(ざくろ種子水抽出液中での乳酸菌発育試験)
本発明のざくろの乳酸発酵飲料調製に先立って、ざくろ種子水抽出液中における乳酸菌の発育状態を調べた。前記ざくろ種子標準水抽出液100mlを90℃、60分間殺菌後、30〜40℃に冷却後、ラクトバチルス・ブルガリア菌のマザースターター2ml添加し、該マザースターター添加(0時間)から4時間おきに24時間までの乳酸菌数とpH値を測定した。培養時間によって乳酸菌数は大きく違うので時間に応じて試料を106〜1011までの10倍段階希釈して使用した。時間に応じて3段階の希釈液を用い、各希釈試料液を1mlずつ各2枚のシャーレに分注後、BCP加プレートカウント寒天培地を用いて混釈平板を作製した。寒天が固まったら倒置し、培養は35〜37℃で72時間±3時間行った。培養後のBCP加プレートカウント寒天培地中に発生した黄色集落を一般生菌数に従って計測し、試料1ml当たりの乳酸菌数を算定した。pH値はガラス電極器を用い測定した。
【0034】
結果を表1、図1に示した。
【0035】
【表1】

Figure 0003785424
【0036】
表1、図1から分かるように、乳酸菌数(生菌数)は4時間値から直線的に増加し、12時間値では最大値の6.2×109に達し、0時間値に対して200倍以上も増加した。一方、pH値は時間とともに緩やかに低下し続け、16時間値以降では4.0以下に低下した。このことから、ざくろ種子水抽出液中では乳酸菌が充分に発育可能であることが分かった。
【0037】
(オリゴ糖添加時における乳酸菌の発育試験)
オリゴ糖添加時に対する乳酸菌の発育および甘味について検討するため、前記ざくろ種子標準水抽出液100mlにオリゴ糖(ビートオリゴ糖;日本甜菜製菓株式会社製)0、1、3および5g添加し、前記ざくろ種子水抽出液中での乳酸菌発育試験と同様にして4時間おき24時間後まで乳酸菌数とpH値を測定した。また、この4添加区について培養15時間のとき試飲して甘味について検討した。
【0038】
結果を表2、図2に示した。
【0039】
【表2】
Figure 0003785424
【0040】
表2、図2から分かるように、乳酸菌数(生菌数)は12時間値まではオリゴ糖添加の濃度の違いによる差は見られなかったが、それ以降における生菌数には違いが見られ、オリゴ糖の添加量が多いほど緩やかな低下曲線を示した。pH値はオリゴ糖3g、5g添加区で24時間値ではそれぞれ4.24、3.97となり、より速やかに低下した。また、培養15時間のとき4添加区について試飲した結果、5g添加区で顕著な甘味が感じられ、オリゴ糖の添加効果が顕著に見られた。
【0041】
(ざくろ果汁中での乳酸菌発育試験)
ざくろ果汁中における乳酸菌の発育を調べた。BRIX値65±1のざくろ果汁を10倍(容量)に稀釈した果汁100mlにオリゴ糖5gを加え、前記ざくろ種子水抽出液中での乳酸菌発育試験と同様にして4時間おきに24時間後まで乳酸菌数とpH値を測定した。
【0042】
結果を表3、図3に示した。
【0043】
【表3】
Figure 0003785424
【0044】
表3、図3から分かるように、乳酸菌数(生菌数)は8時間で5.5×109と低下したが、12時間では1.5×1013と最も高い値を示し、増加がみられた。16時間では12時間と比べ低下していたが、それ以降大きな変化は見られなかった。pH値は全時間帯を通して約3.42と一定であった。このことから、ざくろ果汁中においても乳酸菌が発育可能であることが分かった。
【0045】
(乳酸発酵飲料の調製)
表4に示したA〜Fの配合処方の乳酸発酵飲料を試作した。マザースターター及び香料以外の原料を混合溶解し、溶け残った固形分をろ過(さらし布)することで取り除いた。次に、85〜90℃、60分加熱殺菌し、直ちに30〜40℃まで流水で冷却した。完全に冷却が終った後、これにマザースターターと香料を添加しよく混合した。次いで、乾熱滅菌した容器に分注して37℃、15時間培養し乳酸発酵飲料を得た。
【0046】
【表4】
Figure 0003785424
【0047】
*1:BRIX値65±1のざくろ果汁を10倍(容量)に稀釈した果汁
*2:ビートオリゴ糖(日本甜菜製菓株式会社製)
*3:ラクトバチルス・ブルガリア菌のマザースターター
*4:レモン、オレンジ、バニラエッセンスを1:1:2の割合で混合
*5:スキムミルク(森永乳業株式会社製)
*6:ネオソフトAR−75(太陽化学株式会社製)
【0048】
(乳酸発酵飲料の評価)
前記乳酸発酵飲料の調製によって得られた試作品A〜Fの発酵前後のpH値及び官能試験を行い、本発明の乳酸発酵飲料の評価を行った。なお、官能評価は以下のようにして行った。
【0049】
(官能評価法)
製造した乳酸発酵飲料を使い12人のパネラーによる官能評価を行った。味の強さ(甘み、酸味)、香りのよさ、色のよさ、さらに全体の総合評価を5段階の整数で表現した。
【0050】
結果を表5に示した。なお、評価点は12人の平均値として示した。
【0051】
【表5】
Figure 0003785424
【0052】
表中、×は官能評価を実施しなかったことを表す。
【0053】
表5から分かるように、試作品Aについては、スキムミルクと安定剤がそれぞれ分離し沈殿物ができたため官能評価を実施しなかった。試作品Bについての官能評価は、すべての項目で低い値となり、特に香りの良さについては1点と最低値を示した。試作品C、D、E及びFは、ざくろ種子標準水抽出液にざくろ果汁を加えたものである。官能評価はざくろ果汁添加により甘みを強く感じられ多くの項目で評点が高くなった。特に、総合点が試作品E及びFで3点以上示した。
【0054】
なお、発酵飲料試作品Eに対する乳酸菌の生育とpH値の変化を、前記ざくろ種子水抽出液中での乳酸菌発育試験と同様にして測定し、表6、図4に示した。
【0055】
【表6】
Figure 0003785424
【0056】
表6、図4から分かるように、乳酸菌数(生菌数)は8時間値で9.7×1010と4時間値1.0×1012に比べて低下していたが、12時間値では最も高い値の2.0×1014と増加した。16時間値では4.9×1010と低下したが、20時間値では1.7×1012と増加し、それ以降は特に変化は見られなかった。pH値は16時間値まで約4.57と変化は見られなかったが、それ以降、緩やかに低下した。
【0057】
(糖負荷試験による乳酸発酵飲料の評価)
前記乳酸発酵飲料の調製によって得られた試作品Eの糖負荷試験を行った。比較として水、ざくろ種子標準水抽出液、ざくろ果汁(BRIX値65±1のざくろ果汁を10倍(容量)に稀釈した果汁)についても行った。なお、糖負荷試験は以下の方法で行った。
【0058】
(糖負荷試験方法)
4週令のWistar系雄ラット(n=6)を用い、実験前日より一晩絶食させた後、経口的ブドウ糖負荷試験を無麻酔下で行った。被験液に水(コントロール)、乳酸発酵飲料試作品E、ざくろ種子標準水抽出液、ざくろ果汁(BRIX値65±1のざくろ果汁を10倍(容量)に稀釈した果汁)を用い、そのままの濃度で使用した。被験液に溶解した25質量%のブドウ糖液を用いて、ブドウ糖が体重Kg当たり2gになるよう経口的にゾンデで胃内へ投与し、血糖値は投与前、投与後10分、20分、30分、60分、120分に尾静脈より採取し血糖測定機器デキスターZII(Bayer社)を用いて測定した。ブドウ糖負荷試験は、すべて同一ラットを用いて1日おきに追跡実験を行った。
【0059】
結果を、表7〜8、図5〜6に示した。表7、図5に糖負荷試験の結果を示した。また、表8、図6には糖負荷試験の結果を投与前値に対する百分率で示した。
【0060】
【表7】
Figure 0003785424
【0061】
値は平均値±SD、単位(mg/100ml)
【0062】
【表8】
Figure 0003785424
【0063】
値は平均値±SD、各項目の印のついた値はコントロールに有意差があることを示す。*p<0.05、**p<0.01、単位(%)
【0064】
表8、図6から分かるように、コントロールでは投与後10分で180%近くまで上昇し、以後次第に低下していき、120分後には投与前値にもどり、典型的な血糖値曲線を描いた。発酵飲料試作品E、ざくろ種子標準水抽出液、ざくろ果汁(BRIX値65±1のざくろ果汁を10倍(容量)に稀釈した果汁)もこれと同様に投与後10分後にピークとなったが、発酵飲料試作品Eの血糖値は約135%とコントロールより45%と低く、20、30、60分後でも有意に低く推移した。ざくろ種子標準水抽出液は全時間通して有意差は見られなかったが、10分後ではコントロールより低い傾向であった。ざくろ果汁(BRIX値65±1のざくろ果汁を10倍(容量)に稀釈した果汁)は、10、20分後ではコントロールより低い傾向であったが、有意差は認められなかった。しかし、30分後に大きく下降し、30、60分後では有意にコントロールより低い値を示した。以上のことより、発酵飲料試作品Eに糖吸収抑制作用があることが分かる。このことから、発酵飲料試作品Eは血糖値の上昇を抑え、糖尿病予防に大きな期待がもたれる。
【0065】
なお、以上の実施例において、乳酸菌はラクトバチルス・ブルガリア菌を用いた結果を示したが、他のラクトバチルス・アシドフィラス菌、ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィラス菌及びストレプトコッカス・ラクティス菌の各菌を用いても同様の結果が得られた。
【0066】
【発明の効果】
以上、詳述したように本発明によれば、従来廃棄されていたざくろ果汁の絞り粕種子を有効に利用した新規なざくろの発酵飲料が得られる。該発酵飲料は飲み易く、しかも薬用効果が高い。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】ざくろ種子水抽出液に対する乳酸菌の生育とpH値の変化を示す図である。
【図2】ざくろ種子標準水抽出液にオリゴ糖を添加した時の乳酸菌数とpH値の推移を示す図である。
【図3】ざくろ果汁に対する乳酸菌の生育とpH値の変化を示す図である。
【図4】乳酸発酵飲料試作品Eに対する乳酸菌の生育とpH値の変化を示す図である。
【図5】乳酸発酵飲料試作品Eの糖負荷試験の結果を示す図である。
【図6】乳酸発酵飲料試作品Eの糖負荷試験の結果を投与前値に対する百分率で示した図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a pomegranate lactic acid fermented beverage. More specifically, the present invention relates to a pomegranate lactic acid fermented beverage that uses pomegranate as a raw material without waste, is easy to drink, has good palatability, and has a high medicinal effect.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Traditionally, vegetables and fruits have been widely drunk as juices. Many of them are taken with the expectation of medicinal effects. Pomegranate juice is one of them, and since pomegranate contains estrogen, a type of female hormone, its effect on human climacteric disorder has been pointed out and its consumption is increasing. However, pomegranate fruit is used for pomegranate juice, and a large amount of pomace seeds are discarded during processing.
[0003]
On the other hand, lactic acid fermented beverages of vegetables and fruit juices using lactic acid bacteria are widely used for the purpose of improving flavor and physical properties, improving preservation properties, and health effects. However, there is no known lactic acid fermented beverage using pomegranate seeds.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a novel pomegranate beverage that effectively utilizes the pomegranate juice that has been discarded, and has a high medicinal effect and is easy to drink. It is in.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found that the water extract of the seeds that are conventionally squeezed in producing the pomegranate juice does not inactivate lactic acid bacteria and efficiently lactic acid. Finding that it can be fermented and becomes a fermented drink, adding pomegranate juice to the pomegranate seed extract and fermenting, finds that it is easy to drink and surprisingly synergistically improves medicinal effects, completing the present invention It came to do.
[0006]
That is, the present invention is a pomegranate lactic acid fermented beverage characterized by containing a fermentation broth obtained by lactic acid fermentation of a lactic acid fermentation stock solution containing a pomegranate seed water extract and pomegranate juice as main components.
[0007]
The present invention is a pomegranate lactic acid fermented beverage characterized by further comprising a fermentation broth obtained by lactic acid fermentation of a lactic acid fermentation stock solution containing a pomegranate seed water extract, pomegranate juice and an oligosaccharide.
[0008]
The mixing ratio of the pomegranate seed water extract and the pomegranate fruit juice is obtained by converting 100 g of pomegranate seed water extract with 1000 ml of water and extracting the pomegranate seed water extract into a pomegranate seed water extract comprising a filtrate. Moreover, when the pomegranate juice is converted to pomegranate juice diluted with 10 times (volume) of pomegranate juice having a BRIX value of 65 ± 1, the mass ratio is preferably 6/4 to 2/8.
[0009]
The pomegranate lactic acid fermented beverage of the present invention has a sugar absorption inhibitory action.
[0010]
Furthermore, the method for producing a pomegranate lactic acid fermented beverage according to the present invention comprises heat-sterilizing a lactic acid fermentation stock solution containing a pomegranate seed water extract and pomegranate juice as main components, cooling, and adding activated lactic acid bacteria thereto. It is preferable to obtain it by culturing and lactic acid fermentation.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0012]
The pomegranate lactic acid fermented beverage of the present invention contains a fermented liquid obtained by lactic acid fermentation of a lactic acid fermentation stock solution containing a pomegranate seed water extract and pomegranate fruit juice as main components.
[0013]
The pomegranate seed water extract and the pomegranate juice used in the present invention are pomegranate family pomegranates and are deciduous trees of the scientific name Punica granatum.
[0014]
First, the stock solution for lactic acid fermentation used in the present invention will be described in detail. The stock solution for lactic acid fermentation used in the pomegranate lactic acid fermented beverage of the present invention is mainly composed of pomegranate seed water extract and pomegranate fruit juice.
[0015]
The pomegranate seed water extract used in the present invention is obtained by extracting pomegranate seeds with water using a conventional method. As the pomegranate seed, it is efficient to use, for example, a pomace obtained by squeezing fruit juice generally drunk as pomegranate juice. The production example of the pomegranate seed water extract is shown below.
[0016]
(Production example)
Pomegranate juice squeezed rice cake [Nariran Foods Co., Ltd. (Tehran City)] was dried at 40 ° C. for 48 hours and then pulverized. 300 ml of distilled water was added to 100 g of this powder to make 1000 ml after 2 minutes of homogenization (Polytron, PCU), left at room temperature for 2 hours, and then extracted by stirring at 5 ° C. for 24 hours. Subsequently, filtration was performed with double gauze, and the obtained filtrate was used as a pomegranate seed water extract. Subsequently, pH was adjusted to 6.5-7.0 with sodium bicarbonate.
[0017]
In the present invention, the pomegranate seed water extract obtained by extracting 100 g of dry pomegranate seed powder shown in the above production example with 1000 ml of water and filtering the filtrate is also referred to as “pomegranate seed standard water extract”.
[0018]
The pomegranate juice used in the present invention is a pomegranate fruit juice. Pomegranate juice can be obtained from pomegranate fruit by a processing method usually performed. Specifically, for example, after washing the pomegranate, the skin and seeds are removed, followed by heating, further centrifugation (squeezing), and then sterilization.
[0019]
The pomegranate seed water extract and pomegranate fruit juice obtained in this way may be concentrated as necessary. For use, the concentrated solution is used as it is, or the concentrated solution is diluted to an appropriate concentration with distilled water or the like. It can be used as a main component of the raw material for lactic acid fermentation of the present invention. In the present invention, when there is time until the pomegranate seed water extract and pomegranate juice are subjected to lactic acid fermentation, they can be put in a polyethylene bag or the like and stored in a freezer. is there. When a frozen product is used for lactic acid fermentation, it is used after thawing.
[0020]
The mixing ratio of pomegranate seed water extract and pomegranate juice in the lactic acid fermentation stock solution used in the pomegranate lactic acid fermented beverage of the present invention is arbitrarily selected, but pomegranate seed standard water extract and pomegranate juice with a BRIX value of 65 ± 1 The volume ratio of pomegranate juice diluted 10 times (volume) is preferably 6/4 to 2/8. More preferably, it is 4/6 to 2/8. Here, the BRIX value is the number of grams of sucrose (sugar) in 100 g of the solution at 20 ° C. in the pomegranate juice solution in units of the concentration of the sucrose (sugar) solution.
[0021]
The undiluted solution for lactic acid fermentation used in the pomegranate lactic acid fermented beverage of the present invention is mainly composed of pomegranate seed water extract and pomegranate juice, but unless the effects of the present invention are impaired, the pomegranate seed water extract and pomegranate juice It is also possible to contain other optional components.
[0022]
Examples of such optional components include sugars such as oligosaccharides, sucrose, fructose and glucose, perfumes, acids such as citric acid and malic acid, and the like.
[0023]
In the present invention, sugars, particularly oligosaccharides, are preferably blended among the optional components. The incorporation of sugars, particularly oligosaccharides, promotes the growth (growth) of lactic acid bacteria, and provides a sweet taste that is functionally good and highly preferred.
[0024]
Next, the fermentation liquid obtained by lactic acid fermentation with lactic acid bacteria will be described in detail. In lactic acid fermentation, the lactic acid fermentation stock solution is preferably preliminarily heat sterilized at about 90 to 120 ° C.
[0025]
As the lactic acid bacteria used in the present invention, any of lactic acid bacteria generally used in lactic acid fermented beverages can be used. Specifically, for example, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus B-5b, Lactobacillus acidophilus L-54, Streptococcus thermophilus (Streptococcus salivarius subsp. Thermophilus 510), Streptococcus -Lactis bacteria (Streptococcus lactis subsp. Lactis 527) and the like. These lactic acid bacteria can be obtained, for example, from the Japan Dairy Industry Association as seed bacteria. Prior to lactic acid fermentation, these lactic acid bacteria are repeatedly cultured in a 10% skim milk medium by a conventional method to increase the activity of each bacterium, and then used for the preparation of a starter.
[0026]
Lactic acid fermentation of the fermented liquid used in the pomegranate lactic acid fermented beverage of the present invention can be performed by a conventional method. For example, a lactic acid bacteria starter is added to a lactic acid fermentation stock solution containing pomegranate seed water extract and pomegranate juice as main components. Culture. More specifically, a lactic acid fermentation stock solution containing a pomegranate seed water extract and pomegranate juice as main components is sterilized by heating, then cooled, added with an activated lactic acid bacteria starter, cultured, and lactic acid fermented. A preferable addition amount of the lactic acid bacteria starter is about 2 ml with respect to 100 ml of the lactic acid fermentation stock solution. In addition, the culture is performed at about 25 to 45 ° C. for about 5 to 25 hours, preferably at about 35 to 40 ° C. for about 10 to 20 hours, and most preferably at 37 ° C. for 15 hours in a static incubator. It is preferable.
[0027]
Since the lactic acid bacterium itself contained in the fermented liquid is also useful, the fermented liquid obtained in this way can be used for the pomegranate lactic acid fermented beverage of the present invention while containing the cells. Alternatively, lactic acid bacteria can be removed from the fermentation broth by filtration, centrifugation, or the like and used in the pomegranate lactic acid fermented beverage of the present invention.
[0028]
In the pomegranate lactic acid fermented beverage of the present invention, additives such as various nutrients such as vitamins, which are generally used in beverages, may be added as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Thereby, it can be set as the pomegranate lactic acid fermented drink which is further nutritious, is excellent in nutritional balance, and exhibits a favorable flavor.
[0029]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
[0030]
(Preparation of mother starter)
Freeze-dried Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus B-5b, Lactobacillus acidophilus L-54, Streptococcus thermophilus (Streptococcus salivarius) obtained from the Japan Dairy Technology Association A mother starter was prepared as follows from a skim milk culture of 4 strains of subsp. thermophilus 510) and Streptococcus lactis subsp. lactis 527 (enclosed in a glass bottle).
[0031]
(1) The outside of the glass bottle was disinfected with 70% alcohol cotton.
(2) After the radio pliers were disinfected with 70% alcohol cotton, the amyl seal was removed.
(3) Disinfect the rubber stopper with 70% alcohol cotton and take it out. Immediately add 5 ml of skimmed milk medium prepared in (7) below using a sterilized pipette. , Dissolved.
(4) After lysis, Lactobacillus bulgaria, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus were cultured at 37 ° C. for 18 hours, and Streptococcus lactis were cultured at 30 ° C. for 18 hours. After culturing, it was confirmed that the whole medium became yogurt-like and the bacteria were well developed.
(5) The culture contents in the glass bottle in which each lactic acid bacterium was sufficiently grown in this way were taken with a sterile pipette by taking 2-3 drops into another 10 ml of skim milk medium, and cultured again under the same conditions as in (4).
(6) When this operation was further repeated twice under the above conditions, the fungal activity increased and a vigorous mother starter was obtained.
(7) As the skim milk medium, 90 g of distilled water was added to 10 g of skim milk (using skim milk containing no antibacterial agent), mixed and dissolved, and then subjected to autoclaving at 121 ° C. for 15 minutes. That is, about 10 ml of reduced skim milk was dispensed into a cotton plug (or silicone plug) that had been sterilized by dry heat at 150 to 180 ° C. for about 30 minutes in advance, and adiabatic sterilization (121 ° C., 10 minutes) was performed in an autoclave for 3 days. .
[0032]
Next, the reduced skim milk medium is taken in a large Erlenmeyer flask with a silicone stopper and sterilized. After cooling, add 2% mother starter, stir well and store at 37 ° C. Refrigerated. (Acidity check: about 0.7%)
[0033]
(Lactic acid bacteria growth test in pomegranate seed water extract)
Prior to the preparation of the pomegranate lactic acid fermented beverage of the present invention, the growth state of lactic acid bacteria in the pomegranate seed water extract was examined. After sterilizing 100 ml of the pomegranate seed standard water extract at 90 ° C. for 60 minutes and cooling to 30-40 ° C., 2 ml of Lactobacillus bulgaria mother starter is added, and every 4 hours from the addition of the mother starter (0 hour). The number of lactic acid bacteria up to 24 hours and the pH value were measured. Since the number of lactic acid bacteria varies greatly depending on the culture time, the sample was used after 10-fold serial dilution from 10 6 to 10 11 depending on the time. Depending on the time, 3 stages of dilutions were used, and 1 ml of each diluted sample solution was dispensed into 2 petri dishes, and then a pour plate was prepared using a BCP-added plate count agar medium. When the agar solidified, it was inverted and cultured at 35-37 ° C. for 72 hours ± 3 hours. The yellow colonies generated in the BCP-added plate count agar medium after culture were measured according to the number of general viable bacteria, and the number of lactic acid bacteria per 1 ml of the sample was calculated. The pH value was measured using a glass electrode device.
[0034]
The results are shown in Table 1 and FIG.
[0035]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003785424
[0036]
As can be seen from Table 1 and FIG. 1, the number of lactic acid bacteria (viable bacteria number) increases linearly from the 4-hour value, reaches the maximum value of 6.2 × 10 9 at the 12-hour value, Increased more than 200 times. On the other hand, the pH value continued to decrease gradually with time, and decreased to 4.0 or less after the 16-hour value. From this, it was found that lactic acid bacteria can sufficiently grow in the pomegranate seed water extract.
[0037]
(Development test of lactic acid bacteria when oligosaccharide is added)
In order to examine the growth and sweetness of lactic acid bacteria when oligosaccharide is added, 0, 1, 3 and 5 g of oligosaccharide (beet oligosaccharide; manufactured by Nippon Rika Seika Co., Ltd.) are added to 100 ml of the pomegranate seed standard water extract. The number of lactic acid bacteria and the pH value were measured every 4 hours until 24 hours in the same manner as in the growth test of lactic acid bacteria in the seed water extract. In addition, the 4 addition groups were tasted at 15 hours of culture and examined for sweetness.
[0038]
The results are shown in Table 2 and FIG.
[0039]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003785424
[0040]
As can be seen from Table 2 and FIG. 2, there was no difference in the number of lactic acid bacteria (viable bacteria number) due to the difference in the concentration of oligosaccharides up to the 12-hour value, but there was a difference in the number of viable bacteria after that. As the amount of oligosaccharide added increased, the curve gradually decreased. The pH values were 4.24 and 3.97 at 24 hours in the oligosaccharide 3 g and 5 g addition groups, respectively, and decreased more rapidly. In addition, as a result of tasting in the 4 addition group at the time of culturing for 15 hours, remarkable sweetness was felt in the 5 g addition group, and the addition effect of the oligosaccharide was noticeable.
[0041]
(Lactic acid bacteria growth test in pomegranate juice)
The growth of lactic acid bacteria in pomegranate juice was examined. Add 5 g of oligosaccharide to 100 ml of juice diluted 10 times (volume) of pomegranate juice with a BRIX value of 65 ± 1, and after 24 hours every 4 hours in the same manner as in the growth test of lactic acid bacteria in the pomegranate seed water extract The number of lactic acid bacteria and pH value were measured.
[0042]
The results are shown in Table 3 and FIG.
[0043]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003785424
[0044]
As can be seen from Table 3 and FIG. 3, the number of lactic acid bacteria (viable bacteria number) decreased to 5.5 × 10 9 in 8 hours, but the highest value was 1.5 × 10 13 in 12 hours, indicating an increase. It was seen. Although it was lower than 12 hours at 16 hours, no significant change was observed thereafter. The pH value was constant at about 3.42 throughout the time period. From this, it was found that lactic acid bacteria can grow even in pomegranate juice.
[0045]
(Preparation of lactic acid fermented beverage)
A lactic acid fermented beverage having a formulation of A to F shown in Table 4 was made as an experiment. Raw materials other than the mother starter and fragrance were mixed and dissolved, and the solid matter remaining undissolved was removed by filtration (bleaching cloth). Next, the mixture was sterilized by heating at 85 to 90 ° C. for 60 minutes, and immediately cooled to 30 to 40 ° C. with running water. After complete cooling, the mother starter and fragrance were added and mixed well. Subsequently, the solution was dispensed into a container heat-sterilized and cultured at 37 ° C. for 15 hours to obtain a lactic acid fermented beverage.
[0046]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003785424
[0047]
* 1: Juice diluted with 10 times (volume) of pomegranate juice with a BRIX value of 65 ± 1 * 2: Beet oligosaccharide (manufactured by Nippon Seika Seika Co., Ltd.)
* 3: Mother starter of Lactobacillus bulgaria * 4: Mixing lemon, orange and vanilla essence at a ratio of 1: 1: 2 * 5: Skim milk (Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd.)
* 6: Neosoft AR-75 (manufactured by Taiyo Chemical Co., Ltd.)
[0048]
(Evaluation of lactic acid fermented beverages)
The pH values and sensory tests before and after fermentation of the prototypes A to F obtained by the preparation of the lactic acid fermented beverage were performed, and the lactic acid fermented beverage of the present invention was evaluated. The sensory evaluation was performed as follows.
[0049]
(Sensory evaluation method)
Sensory evaluation by 12 panelists was performed using the manufactured lactic acid fermented beverage. The strength of the taste (sweetness, sourness), good fragrance, good color, and overall overall evaluation were expressed in five stages of integers.
[0050]
The results are shown in Table 5. The evaluation score is shown as an average value of 12 people.
[0051]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003785424
[0052]
In the table, x represents that sensory evaluation was not performed.
[0053]
As can be seen from Table 5, the prototype A was not subjected to sensory evaluation because skim milk and stabilizer were separated from each other and a precipitate was formed. The sensory evaluation for the prototype B was low for all items, and the lowest value was 1 particularly for the fragrance. Prototypes C, D, E, and F are obtained by adding pomegranate juice to a pomegranate seed standard water extract. In the sensory evaluation, sweetness was strongly felt by adding pomegranate juice, and the scores increased for many items. In particular, the overall score is 3 or more points in prototypes E and F.
[0054]
The growth of lactic acid bacteria and the change in pH value for fermented beverage prototype E were measured in the same manner as the lactic acid bacteria growth test in the pomegranate seed water extract, and are shown in Table 6 and FIG.
[0055]
[Table 6]
Figure 0003785424
[0056]
As can be seen from Table 6 and FIG. 4, the number of lactic acid bacteria (viable cell count) was 9.7 × 10 10 at 8 hours and decreased from 4 × 1.0 × 10 12 at 12 hours. Then, the highest value increased to 2.0 × 10 14 . The 16-hour value decreased to 4.9 × 10 10 , but the 20-hour value increased to 1.7 × 10 12, and no particular change was observed thereafter. The pH value did not change to about 4.57 until the 16-hour value, but thereafter it gradually decreased.
[0057]
(Evaluation of lactic acid fermented beverages by sugar tolerance test)
The sugar tolerance test of the prototype E obtained by the preparation of the lactic acid fermented beverage was performed. For comparison, water, pomegranate seed standard water extract, and pomegranate juice (fruit juice obtained by diluting pomegranate juice with a BRIX value of 65 ± 1 to 10 times (volume)) were also used. The sugar tolerance test was performed by the following method.
[0058]
(Sugar tolerance test method)
Four-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 6) were fasted overnight from the day before the experiment, and then an oral glucose tolerance test was performed without anesthesia. The test solution is water (control), lactic acid fermented beverage prototype E, pomegranate seed standard water extract, pomegranate juice (fruit juice diluted 10 times (volume) of pomegranate juice with a BRIX value of 65 ± 1) Used in. A 25% by weight glucose solution dissolved in the test solution was orally administered into the stomach with a sonde so that glucose was 2 g per kg body weight, and blood glucose levels were 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes before administration and after administration. Min, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes were collected from the tail vein and measured using a blood glucose measuring device, Dexter ZII (Bayer). All glucose tolerance tests were followed up every other day using the same rats.
[0059]
The results are shown in Tables 7 to 8 and FIGS. Table 7 and FIG. 5 show the results of the glucose tolerance test. Table 8 and FIG. 6 show the results of the glucose tolerance test as a percentage of the pre-dose value.
[0060]
[Table 7]
Figure 0003785424
[0061]
Values are mean ± SD, units (mg / 100ml)
[0062]
[Table 8]
Figure 0003785424
[0063]
Values are mean ± SD, and values marked with * in each item indicate that there is a significant difference in the control. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01, unit (%)
[0064]
As can be seen from Table 8 and FIG. 6, in the control, it rose to nearly 180% at 10 minutes after administration, gradually decreased thereafter, returned to the pre-dose value after 120 minutes, and a typical blood glucose level curve was drawn. . Fermented beverage prototype E, pomegranate seed standard water extract, and pomegranate juice (fruit juice diluted with 10 times (volume) pomegranate juice with a BRIX value of 65 ± 1) also peaked 10 minutes after administration. The blood glucose level of the fermented beverage prototype E was about 135%, which was 45% lower than that of the control, and remained significantly lower after 20, 30, and 60 minutes. There was no significant difference in the pomegranate seed standard water extract throughout the whole time, but it tended to be lower than the control after 10 minutes. Pomegranate juice (fruit juice diluted with a BRIX value of 65 ± 1 pomegranate juice 10 times (volume)) tended to be lower than the control after 10 and 20 minutes, but no significant difference was observed. However, it decreased greatly after 30 minutes, and showed significantly lower values than the control after 30 and 60 minutes. From the above, it can be seen that the fermented beverage prototype E has a sugar absorption inhibitory effect. For this reason, the fermented beverage prototype E suppresses an increase in blood sugar level and has great expectation for diabetes prevention.
[0065]
In the above examples, the results of lactic acid bacteria using Lactobacillus bulgaria bacteria were shown, but other Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria, Streptococcus thermophilus bacteria and Streptococcus lactis bacteria can also be used. Results were obtained.
[0066]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, a novel fermented beverage of pomegranate obtained by effectively utilizing the pomace seeds of pomegranate juice that has been conventionally discarded can be obtained. The fermented beverage is easy to drink and has a high medicinal effect.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing growth of lactic acid bacteria and change in pH value with respect to a pomegranate seed water extract.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in the number of lactic acid bacteria and the pH value when oligosaccharide is added to a pomegranate seed standard water extract.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the growth of lactic acid bacteria and the change in pH value with respect to pomegranate juice.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing growth of lactic acid bacteria and change in pH value for lactic acid fermented beverage prototype E.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results of a sugar tolerance test of lactic acid fermented beverage prototype E.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the result of sugar tolerance test of lactic acid fermented beverage prototype E as a percentage of the pre-dose value.

Claims (4)

ざくろ種子水抽出物及びざくろ果汁を主成分として含む乳酸発酵用原液を乳酸菌により乳酸発酵させて得られる発酵液を含有することを特徴とするざくろの乳酸発酵飲料。  A pomegranate lactic acid fermented beverage comprising a fermented liquor obtained by subjecting a pomegranate seed water extract and pomegranate juice as a main component to a lactic acid fermentation stock solution by lactic acid fermentation. ざくろ種子水抽出物、ざくろ果汁及びオリゴ糖を含む乳酸発酵用原液を乳酸菌により乳酸発酵させて得られる発酵液を含有することを特徴とするざくろの乳酸発酵飲料。  A pomegranate lactic acid fermented beverage comprising a fermented liquor obtained by subjecting a pomegranate seed water extract, pomegranate juice and an oligosaccharide to a lactic acid fermentation stock solution by lactic acid fermentation. 糖吸収抑制作用を有する乳酸発酵飲料である請求項1又は2記載のざくろの乳酸発酵飲料。The pomegranate lactic acid fermented beverage according to claim 1 or 2, which is a lactic acid fermented beverage having a sugar absorption inhibitory action. ざくろ種子水抽出物及びざくろ果汁を主成分として含む乳酸発酵用原液を加熱殺菌した後、冷却し、これに活性化した乳酸菌を添加し、培養して乳酸発酵することを特徴とする請求項1乃至のいずれか一項に記載のざくろの乳酸発酵飲料の製造方法。The lactic acid fermentation stock solution containing the pomegranate seed water extract and pomegranate juice as main components is sterilized by heating, cooled, added with activated lactic acid bacteria, cultured, and lactic acid fermented. The manufacturing method of the pomegranate lactic acid fermented drink as described in any one of thru | or 3 .
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