JP3785378B2 - Lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission - Google Patents

Lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3785378B2
JP3785378B2 JP2002127829A JP2002127829A JP3785378B2 JP 3785378 B2 JP3785378 B2 JP 3785378B2 JP 2002127829 A JP2002127829 A JP 2002127829A JP 2002127829 A JP2002127829 A JP 2002127829A JP 3785378 B2 JP3785378 B2 JP 3785378B2
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Prior art keywords
boron
automatic transmission
lubricating oil
ppm
oil composition
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JP2003321695A (en
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暢明 渡部
俊彦 市橋
伴紀 山根
潤平 吉田
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M163/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/045Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and non-macromolecular compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/02Well-defined aliphatic compounds
    • C10M2203/0206Well-defined aliphatic compounds used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/28Amides; Imides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/046Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/049Phosphite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04Groups 2 or 12
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/04Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/52Base number [TBN]
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/042Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2060/00Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
    • C10N2060/14Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition by boron or a compound containing boron

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動変速機用潤滑油組成物に関する。さらに詳しくは、本発明は静摩擦係数(μs)が高く、良好な伝達トルク容量を有すると共にクラッチ締結時の耐変速ショック性に優れることを示すμ比が1以下の摩擦特性を有し、自動変速機の省燃費性の向上や小型化・軽量化を図ることができる自動変速機用潤滑油組成物に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
自動変速機用潤滑油(Automatic Transmission Fluid:ATFと略記)はトルクコンバーター、歯車機構、油圧機構、湿式クラッチなどを内蔵する自動車の自動変速機に用いられる潤滑油である。
自動変速機の機構を円滑に作動させるために、ATFはトルクコンバーターや油圧系、制御系における動力の伝達媒体、歯車の軸受、湿式クラッチの潤滑、温度調節用熱媒体、摩擦材の潤滑、適正な摩擦特性の維持などの多くの機能を有することが求められる。近年の自動車分野における自動変速機の普及に伴い、摩擦特性に優れたATFに対する要求が増大している。
特に自動変速機の伝達効率向上、あるいは小型・軽量化に向けては湿式クラッチ部での伝達トルク向上のために、クラッチ間では摩擦係数を高くすることが要求されている(クラッチ間のトルク容量は一般には実用クラッチを用いてSAE
No.2試験機で評価される)。
一般に伝達トルク容量は静摩擦係数μsで評価され、μsが高まることにより伝達トルク容量が向上する。また伝達トルク容量を向上させるすなわち静摩擦係数μsを高くするとクラッチ締結時の停止直前の摩擦係数μ0も連動して高くなるのが一般的である。その結果、変速ショックの指標となるμ0と動摩擦係数μdの比(μ比)は悪化するのがもっぱらであり、μsを高くしながらμ比1以下にすることはほとんど困難とされていた。
【0003】
しかしながら、動摩擦係数を高くすることにより、初めてμ比とμsの両立が可能となることは明らかであり、μdを上げる技術の開発が積極的になされてきたが、これまで、充分に満足し得る結果が得られていないのが実情である。
従来からあるATFでは、伝達効率向上、あるいは小型・軽量化のためにディスク・プレート枚数の低減や小径化が行われているが、この場合、摩擦係数が低いため伝達トルク容量が不足するという問題があった。
また、ATFに関して種々の提案がなされているがいずれもなんらかの問題があり、必ずしも充分に満足し得るものではなかった。例えば特許第3184113号では、トルク容量は良好であるが、クラッチ締結の変速ショックが大きい。また、特開2000−160183号公報ではクラッチ締結の変速ショックはなく良好であるが、摩擦係数が小さく伝達トルク容量が不足する。さらに、特開2001−279286号公報に見られるような、ホウ素含有無灰系分散剤を用いて、ホウ素量として0.035重量%(350ppm)以上を含有した場合は変速ショックが大きい上に、ホウ素が多いことで吸水しやすく、沈殿を発生するなどの問題がある。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、このような状況下で、自動変速機の省燃費性向上に向けた伝達効率向上、あるいは小型・軽量化に向けたトルク容量向上を図るために、静摩擦係数(μs)が高く、かつ締結時の耐変速ショック性に優れることを示すμ比が1以下の摩擦特性を有する自動変速機用潤滑油組成物を提供することを目的とするものである。
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記の優れた機能を有する自動変速機用潤滑油組成物を開発すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、特定の流動特性を有する基油に、全塩基価がある範囲にある過塩基性カルシウムスルホネート、非ホウ素系ポリブテニルコハク酸イミドなどの非ホウ素系炭化水素置換コハク酸イミドやホウ素含有ポリブテニルコハク酸イミドなどのホウ素含有炭化水素置換コハク酸イミド、及び亜リン酸エステル系化合物を組み合わせて、それぞれ特定の割合で配合することにより、その目的を達成し得ることを見出した。本発明は、かかる知見に基づいて完成したものである。
すなわち、本発明は、流動点が−25℃以下で、温度100℃における動粘度が2〜7mm2/sの基油に対し、組成物全量に基づき、(A)全塩基価が300〜500mgKOH/gの過塩基性カルシウムスルホネートを、カルシウムとして2000〜3500ppm、(B)平均分子量1000〜3500のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有する非ホウ素系炭化水素置換コハク酸イミド及び/又はホウ素含有炭化水素置換コハク酸イミドを、窒素として100〜500ppm、ホウ素として0〜300ppm、及び(C)亜リン酸エステル系化合物を、リンとして100〜300ppm、の割合でそれぞれ配合してなる自動変速機用潤滑油組成物を提供するものである。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の自動変速機用潤滑油組成物においては、基油として、流動点が−25℃以下で、かつ温度100℃における動粘度が2〜7mm2/sの範囲にあるものが用いられる。該基油の流動点が−25℃を超えると低温流動性が不充分となる。また、温度100℃における動粘度が2mm2/s未満では蒸気圧が高くなり、引火点が下がるうえ、自動変速機のギヤ軸受けやクラッチなどの摺動部において摩擦が増大する。一方、7mm2/sを超えるものは、自動変速機の設計上必要ではなく、また、変速時に係合遅れが生じるおそれがある。
当該基油としては、その種類については特に制限はなく、鉱油および合成油のいずれをも使用することができる。ここで鉱油としては、従来公知の種々のものが使用可能であり、例えば、パラフィン基系鉱油,中間基系鉱油,ナフテン基系鉱油などが挙げられ、具体例としては、溶剤精製または水素精製による軽質ニュートラル油、中質ニュートラル油、重質ニュートラル油又はブライトストックなどを挙げることができる。
また、合成油としては、やはり従来公知の種々のものが使用可能であり、例えば、ポリα−オレフィン(α−オレフィン共重合体を含む)、ポリブテン、ポリオールエステル、二塩基酸エステル、リン酸エステル、ポリフェニルエーテル、アルキルベンゼン、アルキルナフタレン、ポリオキシアルキレングリコール、ネオペンチルグリコール、シリコーンオイル、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール、シリコーンオイル、更にはヒンダードエステルなどを用いることができる。これらの基油は、単独で、あるいは二種以上組み合わせて使用することができ、鉱油と合成油とを組み合わせて使用してもよいが、本発明においては、潤滑油組成物の性能の点から、特に%CAが0.1重量%以下のパラフィン系高度精製基油が好適である。ここで、%CAとは、環分析n−d−M法で算出した芳香族分の割合のことである。
【0006】
本発明の潤滑油組成物においては、(A)成分として、過塩基性カルシウムスルホネートが配合される。この過塩基性カルシウムスルホネートは、各種スルホン酸のカルシウム金属塩であり、通常、各種スルホン酸のカルシウム金属塩を炭酸化する方法により得られる。スルホン酸としては、芳香族石油スルホン酸、アルキルスルホン酸、アリールスルホン酸、アルキルアリールスルホン酸等があり、具体的には、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸、ジラウリルセチルベンゼンスルホン酸、パラフィンワックス置換ベンゼンスルホン酸、ポリオレフィン置換ベンゼンスルホン酸、ポリイソブチレン置換ベンゼンスルホン酸、ナフタレンスルホン酸などを挙げることができる。
本発明においては、前記過塩基性カルシウムスルホネートとして、全塩基価が300〜500mgKOH/gの範囲にあるものが用いられる。この全塩基価が300mgKOH/g未満では摩擦係数が上がらず、一方500mgKOH/gを超えるものは製造することが困難である。
また、前記過塩基性カルシウムスルホネートは、一種を単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。その配合量は、組成物全量に基づき、カルシウムとして2000〜3500ppmの範囲で選定される。この量が2000ppm未満では摩擦係数が上がらない上、清浄効果が不充分であり、一方3500ppmを超えると摩擦係数は上がるものの、μ比を1以下にすることが困難である。
【0007】
本発明の潤滑油組成物においては、(B)成分として平均分子量1000〜3500のアルキル基又はアルケニル基、特に好ましくはポリブテニル基を有する非ホウ素系炭化水素置換コハク酸イミド及び/又はホウ素含有炭化水素置換コハク酸イミドが配合される。
この非ホウ素系炭化水素置換コハク酸イミドやホウ素含有炭化水素置換コハク酸イミドにおけるアルキル基やアルケニル基の平均分子量が1000〜3500を逸脱すると、本発明の目的が達せられない。好ましくはポリブテニル基であり、特に好ましくはその平均分子量が1000〜2500である。
前記非ホウ素系炭化水素置換コハク酸イミドの好ましい例としては、一般式(I)
【0008】
【化1】

Figure 0003785378
(式中、R1は平均分子量1000〜3500のポリブテニル基、R2は炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基、mは1〜10の整数を示す。)
で表されるモノポリブテニルコハク酸イミド、及び一般式(II)
【0009】
【化2】
Figure 0003785378
(式中、R3及びR4はそれぞれ平均分子量1000〜3500のポリブテニル基を示し、それらはたがいに同一でも異なっていてもよく、R5及びR6はそれぞれ炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基を示し、それらはたがいに同一でも異なっていてもよく、nは0又は1〜10の整数を示す。)
で表されるビスポリブテニルコハク酸イミドなどを挙げることができる。
これらのポリブテニルコハク酸イミドは、通常ポリブテンと無水マレイン酸との反応で得られるポリブテニルコハク酸無水物を、ポリアルキレンポリアミンと反応させることによって製造することができる。この際、該ポリブテニルコハク酸無水物とポリアルキレンポリアミンとの反応比率を変えることにより、モノポリブテニルコハク酸イミド又はビスポリブテニルコハク酸イミドあるいはそれらの混合物が得られる。
【0010】
この際用いられるポリアルキレンポリアミンとしては、例えばポリエチレンポリアミン、ポリプロピレンポリアミン、ポリブチレンポリアミンなどが挙げられるが、これらの中でポリエチレンポリアミンが好適である。
一方、ホウ素含有ポリブテニルコハク酸イミドとしては、前記非ホウ素系ポリブテニルコハク酸イミド(モノ体及び/又はビス体)に、ホウ素化合物を反応させて得られた化合物を挙げることができる。この際、ホウ素化合物としては、例えばホウ酸、ホウ酸無水物、ハロゲン化ホウ素、ホウ酸エステル、ホウ酸アミド、酸化ホウ素などが挙げられる。
本発明においては、該(B)成分の好ましいものとして、前記のモノポリブテニルコハク酸イミド、ビスポリブテニルコハク酸イミド及びホウ素含有ポリブテニルコハク酸イミドの中から選ばれる少なくとも一種が用いられる。また、その配合量は、組成物全量に基づき、窒素として100〜500ppm、好ましくは150〜350ppm、ホウ素として0〜300ppmになるように選定される。窒素量が100ppm未満ではトルク伝達容量が低下したり、劣化物の分散性が悪くなり、一方窒素量が500ppmを超えたり、ホウ素量が300ppmを超えると変速ショックやシャダーが発生しやすくなる。
【0011】
本発明の潤滑油組成物においては、(C)成分として亜リン酸エステル系化合物が用いられる。この亜リン酸エステル系化合物としては、例えば一般式(III)
【0012】
【化3】
Figure 0003785378
(式中、R7〜R9は、それぞれ水素原子又は炭素数4〜30の炭化水素基を示し、それらはたがいに同一でも異なっていてもよいが、その中の少なくとも一つは炭素数4〜30の炭化水素基である。)
で表される化合物を挙げることができる。
前記一般式(III)において、R7〜R9のうちの炭素数4〜30の炭化水素基としては、炭素数4〜30の直鎖状、分枝鎖状若しくは環状のアルキル基又はアルケニル基、炭素数6〜30のアリール基、炭素数7〜30のアルキルアリール基、炭素数7〜30のアリールアルキル基などを挙げることができる。このようなものの具体例としては、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、シクロヘキシル基、オクチル基、デシル基、ラウリル基、ミリスチル基、パルミチル基、ステアリル基、オレイル基、エイコシル基、フェニル基、キシリル基、ベンジル基、フェネチル基などが挙げられる。
【0013】
前記一般式(III)で表される亜リン酸エステル系化合物としては、R7〜R9がいずれも炭化水素基である亜リン酸エステル、R7〜R9のうちの一つが水素原子で、残りが炭化水素基である酸性亜リン酸エステル(モノハイドロゲンホスファイト)、R7〜R9のうちの二つが水素原子で、残りが炭化水素基である酸性亜リン酸エステル(ジハイドロゲンホスファイト)があるが、本発明においては、酸性亜リン酸エステルが好ましく、特にモノハイドロゲンホスファイトが好適である。
前記モノハイドロゲンホスファイトの例としては、ジブチルハイドロゲンホスファイト、ジラウリルハイドロゲンホスファイト、ジオレイルハイドロゲンホスファイト、ジステアリルハイドロゲンホスファイト、ジフェニルハイドロゲンホスファイト、ジベンジルハイドロゲンホスファイトなどを挙げることができる。これらの中で、ジラウリルハイドロゲンホスファイト及びジオレイルハイドロゲンホスファイトが好ましい。
【0014】
本発明においては、前記亜リン酸エステル系化合物は、一種を単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。また、その配合量は、組成物全量に基づき、リンとして100〜300ppmの範囲で選定される。リン量が100ppm未満ではμ比が1.0以下になりにくく、本発明の目的が達せられず、一方300ppmを超えると摩擦係数が低下し、伝達トルク容量が不足する。
本発明の潤滑油組成物においては、本発明の目的が損なわれない範囲で、所望により、各種添加剤、例えば酸化防止剤、粘度指数向上剤、極圧剤や摩擦調整剤、防錆剤、腐食防止剤、消泡剤などを配合することができる。
前記酸化防止剤としては、例えばアルキル化ジフェニルアミン、フェニル−α−ナフチルアミン、アルキル化−α−ナフチルアミンなどのアミン系酸化防止剤、2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−4−メチルフェノール、4,4'−メチレンビス(2,6−ジ−t−ブチルフェノール)などのフェノール系酸化防止剤、ジラウリルチオジプロピオネート、ジステアリルチオジプロピオネートなどの硫黄系酸化防止剤等が挙げられる。
【0015】
粘度指数向上剤としては、例えばポリメタクリレート系、ポリイソブチレン系、エチレン−プロピレン共重合体系、スチレン−ブタジエン水添共重合体系などが挙げられる。
極圧剤や摩擦調整剤としては、例えばリン酸エステル、カルボン酸、カルボン酸エステル、油脂、カルボン酸アミド(ポリアルキレンポリアミン、アルカノールアミン、アルキルアミン等のアミン類とカルボン酸との反応物)、アルキルアミン、N−アルキルアルカノールアミン、カルボン酸と多価アルコールの部分エステルなどが挙げられる。
防錆剤としては、例えばアルケニルコハク酸やその部分エステルなどが、腐食防止剤としては、例えばベンゾトリアゾールやベンズイミダゾールなどが、消泡剤としては、例えばジメチルポリシロキサンやポリアクリレートなどが挙げられる。
このような組成の本発明の潤滑油組成物は、通常μsが1.2以上で良好な伝達トルク容量を有すると共に、μ比が1以下で締結時の耐変速ショック性に優れている。したがって、自動変速機の省燃費性の向上や小型・軽量化を図ることができる。
【0016】
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、自動変速機、湿式摩擦材機構を備えた変速装置、及びブレーキ湿式摩擦材機構をもつ継ぎ手、連続スリップ機構を有するロックアップクラッチ付き自動/無段変速機などに適用することができる。
【実施例】
次に、実施例により本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの例によってなんら限定されるものではない。
実施例1〜3、比較例1〜8
第1表に示す組成の潤滑油組成物を調製し、SAENo.2摩擦試験機を用い、下記に示す実験条件にて、ダイナミック時に動的摩擦係数(μd)、静止摩擦係数(μo)を、スタティック時に静摩擦係数(μs)を評価した。
すなわち、実ミッションに使用しているセルロース系クラッチ材料を用いて、面圧:0.2〜0.3N/mm2、油温:100℃、ダイナミック回転数:3000rpm、スタティック回転数:0.7rpmの条件で評価を行った。
上記の実験条件で、3000サイクルにおけるμd、μsを測定し、またμ比(μ0/μd)を求めた。このμ比が1以下のものは、耐変速ショック性に優れる。
【0017】
結果を第1表に示す。
なお、使用した各成分は、以下のとおりである。
(1)基油:流動点−30℃、100℃動粘度3.5mm2/s、%CA0.1重量%以下のパラフィン基油
(2)過塩基性カルシウムスルホネート
・250TBN:全塩基価230mgKOH/gのカルシウムスルホネート
・300TBN:全塩基価330mgKOH/gのカルシウムスルホネート
・400TBN:全塩基価400mgKOH/gのカルシウムスルホネート
【0018】
(3)ポリブテニルコハク酸イミド
・高分子Mw2000:ポリブテニル基の平均分子量が2000で、N含有量が1.5重量%の非ホウ素系ポリブテニルコハク酸イミド
・B系Mw1000−1:ポリブテニル基の平均分子量が1000、N含有量が1.6重量%、ホウ素含有量が0.4重量%のホウ素含有ポリブテニルコハク酸イミド
・B系Mw1000−2:ポリブテニル基の平均分子量が1000、N含有量が2.0重量%、ホウ素含有量が2.0重量%のホウ素含有ポリブテニルコハク酸イミド
・低分子Mw1000>:ポリブテニル基の平均分子量が500で、N含有量が3.6重量%の非ホウ素系ポリブテニルコハク酸イミド
(4)酸性亜リン酸エステル:ジオレイルハイドロゲンホスファイト
(5)酸化防止剤:フェノール系+アミン系
(6)粘度指数向上剤:PMA系
【0019】
【表1】
Figure 0003785378
【0020】
【表2】
Figure 0003785378
【0021】
【表3】
Figure 0003785378
*1:粘度指数向上剤 10%、その他 1%
*2:沈殿を生じる
第1表から分かるように、本発明の潤滑油組成物は、いずれもμsが0.12以上で伝達トルク容量が大きく、しかもμ比が1.0以下で耐変速ショック性に優れている。
【0022】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、静摩擦係数(μs)が高く、良好な伝達トルク容量を有すると共に、締結時の耐変速ショック性に優れることを示すμ比が1以下の摩擦特性を有し、自動変速機の省燃費性の向上や小型・軽量化を図ることができる自動変速機用潤滑油組成物を提供することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for an automatic transmission. More specifically, the present invention has a high friction coefficient (μs), a good transmission torque capacity, and a friction characteristic with a μ ratio of 1 or less, which indicates excellent resistance to shift shock at the time of clutch engagement. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for an automatic transmission that can improve the fuel efficiency of the machine and can be reduced in size and weight.
[0002]
[Prior art]
BACKGROUND ART Automatic transmission fluid (abbreviated as ATF) is a lubricating oil used in an automatic transmission of an automobile incorporating a torque converter, a gear mechanism, a hydraulic mechanism, a wet clutch, and the like.
In order to make the automatic transmission mechanism work smoothly, ATF is a torque converter, hydraulic system, power transmission medium in control system, gear bearing, wet clutch lubrication, temperature control heat medium, friction material lubrication, proper It is required to have many functions such as maintenance of proper friction characteristics. With the recent popularization of automatic transmissions in the automobile field, there is an increasing demand for ATF having excellent friction characteristics.
In particular, in order to improve the transmission efficiency of an automatic transmission, or to reduce the size and weight of the wet clutch, it is required to increase the friction coefficient between the clutches (torque capacity between the clutches). Is generally SAE using a practical clutch
No. 2 is evaluated on a testing machine).
Generally, the transmission torque capacity is evaluated by a static friction coefficient μs, and the transmission torque capacity is improved by increasing μs. In general, when the transmission torque capacity is improved, that is, the static friction coefficient μs is increased, the friction coefficient μ0 immediately before stopping at the time of clutch engagement is also increased. As a result, the ratio (μ ratio) between μ0 and the dynamic friction coefficient μd, which is an index of a shift shock, is only deteriorated, and it has been almost difficult to reduce the μ ratio to 1 or less while increasing μs.
[0003]
However, it is clear that the μ ratio and μs can be made compatible for the first time only by increasing the dynamic friction coefficient, and the development of a technique for increasing μd has been actively carried out. The fact is that no results have been obtained.
In conventional ATF, the number of disks / plates is reduced and the diameter is reduced in order to improve the transmission efficiency or reduce the size and weight, but in this case, the problem is that the transmission torque capacity is insufficient due to the low friction coefficient. was there.
Various proposals have been made regarding ATF, but all have some problems and are not always satisfactory. For example, in Japanese Patent No. 3184113, the torque capacity is good, but the shift shock of clutch engagement is large. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-160183 is good because there is no shift shock of clutch engagement, but the friction coefficient is small and the transmission torque capacity is insufficient. Furthermore, when a boron-containing ashless dispersant such as found in JP-A-2001-279286 is used and the boron content is 0.035 wt% (350 ppm) or more, the shift shock is large. Due to the large amount of boron, there are problems such as easy water absorption and precipitation.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Under such circumstances, the present invention has a high coefficient of static friction (μs) in order to improve the transmission efficiency for improving the fuel efficiency of the automatic transmission or the torque capacity for reducing the size and weight. It is another object of the present invention to provide a lubricating oil composition for an automatic transmission having a friction characteristic with a μ ratio of 1 or less, which indicates excellent resistance to shift shock at the time of engagement.
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to develop a lubricating oil composition for an automatic transmission having the above-mentioned excellent functions, the present inventors have a base oil having a specific flow characteristic within a range having a total base number. Boron-containing hydrocarbon-substituted succinimides such as overbased calcium sulfonates, non-boron hydrocarbon-substituted succinimides such as non-boron polybutenyl succinimides, and boron-containing polybutenyl succinimides, and phosphorous acid It has been found that the purpose can be achieved by combining ester compounds and blending them in specific proportions. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.
That is, according to the present invention, a base oil having a pour point of −25 ° C. or less and a kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 100 ° C. of 2 to 7 mm 2 / s is based on the total amount of the composition (A) the total base number is 300 to 500 mgKOH. / G of overbased calcium sulfonate, 2000-3500 ppm as calcium, (B) non-boron hydrocarbon-substituted succinimide and / or boron-containing hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid having an average molecular weight of 1000-3500 Lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission comprising acid imide in a proportion of 100 to 500 ppm as nitrogen, 0 to 300 ppm as boron, and (C) phosphite compound in a proportion of 100 to 300 ppm as phosphorus. Is to provide.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the lubricating oil composition for an automatic transmission according to the present invention, a base oil having a pour point of −25 ° C. or less and a kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 100 ° C. in the range of 2 to 7 mm 2 / s is used. When the pour point of the base oil exceeds -25 ° C, the low temperature fluidity becomes insufficient. On the other hand, when the kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 100 ° C. is less than 2 mm 2 / s, the vapor pressure becomes high, the flash point is lowered, and friction is increased at sliding parts such as gear bearings and clutches of the automatic transmission. On the other hand, those exceeding 7 mm 2 / s are not necessary for the design of an automatic transmission, and there is a possibility that an engagement delay may occur at the time of shifting.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular about the kind as the said base oil, Both mineral oil and synthetic oil can be used. Here, as the mineral oil, various conventionally known oils can be used, and examples thereof include paraffin-based mineral oil, intermediate-based mineral oil, naphthene-based mineral oil, and the like. Specific examples include solvent refining or hydrogen refining. Light neutral oil, medium neutral oil, heavy neutral oil, bright stock, etc. can be mentioned.
As the synthetic oil, various conventionally known oils can be used, for example, poly α-olefin (including α-olefin copolymer), polybutene, polyol ester, dibasic acid ester, and phosphoric acid ester. Polyphenyl ether, alkylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene, polyoxyalkylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, silicone oil, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, silicone oil, and hindered ester can be used. These base oils can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and may be used in combination with mineral oil and synthetic oil, but in the present invention, from the point of performance of the lubricating oil composition it is preferred particularly% C a is 0.1 wt% or less paraffinic highly refined base oils. Here,% C A is the ratio of aromatic content calculated by the ring analysis ndM method.
[0006]
In the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, an overbased calcium sulfonate is blended as the component (A). This overbased calcium sulfonate is a calcium metal salt of various sulfonic acids, and is usually obtained by a method of carbonating various calcium metal salts of sulfonic acid. Examples of the sulfonic acid include aromatic petroleum sulfonic acid, alkyl sulfonic acid, aryl sulfonic acid, alkyl aryl sulfonic acid and the like. Specifically, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid, dilauryl cetyl benzene sulfonic acid, paraffin wax-substituted benzene sulfonic acid. And polyolefin-substituted benzenesulfonic acid, polyisobutylene-substituted benzenesulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and the like.
In the present invention, as the overbased calcium sulfonate, one having a total base number in the range of 300 to 500 mgKOH / g is used. If the total base number is less than 300 mg KOH / g, the friction coefficient does not increase, while those exceeding 500 mg KOH / g are difficult to produce.
Moreover, the said overbased calcium sulfonate may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type. The blending amount is selected in the range of 2000 to 3500 ppm as calcium based on the total amount of the composition. If this amount is less than 2000 ppm, the friction coefficient does not increase and the cleaning effect is insufficient. On the other hand, if it exceeds 3500 ppm, the friction coefficient increases, but it is difficult to make the μ ratio 1 or less.
[0007]
In the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, a non-boron hydrocarbon-substituted succinimide and / or boron-containing hydrocarbon having an alkyl group or alkenyl group having an average molecular weight of 1000 to 3500 as component (B), particularly preferably a polybutenyl group. A substituted succinimide is blended.
If the average molecular weight of the alkyl group or alkenyl group in the non-boron hydrocarbon-substituted succinimide or boron-containing hydrocarbon-substituted succinimide deviates from 1000 to 3500, the object of the present invention cannot be achieved. A polybutenyl group is preferable, and an average molecular weight thereof is particularly preferably 1000 to 2500.
Preferred examples of the non-boron hydrocarbon-substituted succinimide include those represented by the general formula (I)
[0008]
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0003785378
(In the formula, R 1 represents a polybutenyl group having an average molecular weight of 1000 to 3500, R 2 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and m represents an integer of 1 to 10).
Monopolybutenyl succinimide represented by the general formula (II)
[0009]
[Chemical 2]
Figure 0003785378
(In the formula, R 3 and R 4 each represent a polybutenyl group having an average molecular weight of 1000 to 3500, which may be the same or different, and R 5 and R 6 each represent an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. And they may be the same or different and n represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 10.)
And bispolybutenyl succinimide represented by the formula:
These polybutenyl succinimides can be produced by reacting polybutenyl succinic anhydride, usually obtained by the reaction of polybutene and maleic anhydride, with a polyalkylene polyamine. At this time, monopolybutenyl succinimide, bispolybutenyl succinimide, or a mixture thereof can be obtained by changing the reaction ratio of the polybutenyl succinic anhydride and the polyalkylene polyamine.
[0010]
Examples of the polyalkylene polyamine used here include polyethylene polyamine, polypropylene polyamine, and polybutylene polyamine. Among these, polyethylene polyamine is preferable.
On the other hand, examples of the boron-containing polybutenyl succinimide include a compound obtained by reacting a boron compound with the non-boron polybutenyl succinimide (mono and / or bis). In this case, examples of the boron compound include boric acid, boric anhydride, boron halide, boric acid ester, boric acid amide, and boron oxide.
In the present invention, as the component (B), at least one selected from the above-mentioned monopolybutenyl succinimide, bispolybutenyl succinimide and boron-containing polybutenyl succinimide is used. Moreover, the compounding quantity is selected so that it may become 100-500 ppm as nitrogen, preferably 150-350 ppm, and 0-300 ppm as boron based on the composition whole quantity. When the amount of nitrogen is less than 100 ppm, the torque transmission capacity is reduced, and the dispersibility of the deteriorated product is deteriorated. On the other hand, when the amount of nitrogen exceeds 500 ppm or the amount of boron exceeds 300 ppm, shift shock and shudder are likely to occur.
[0011]
In the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, a phosphite compound is used as the component (C). As this phosphite compound, for example, the general formula (III)
[0012]
[Chemical 3]
Figure 0003785378
(In the formula, R 7 to R 9 each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, and they may be the same or different, but at least one of them may have 4 carbon atoms. ˜30 hydrocarbon groups.)
The compound represented by these can be mentioned.
In the general formula (III), the hydrocarbon group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms of R 7 to R 9 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group or alkenyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms. And an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, and an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms. Specific examples of such are butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, octyl, decyl, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl, stearyl, oleyl, eicosyl, phenyl, xylyl , Benzyl group, phenethyl group and the like.
[0013]
As the phosphite compound represented by the general formula (III), R 7 to R 9 are all phosphite esters each having a hydrocarbon group, and one of R 7 to R 9 is a hydrogen atom. Acidic phosphite (monohydrogen phosphite), the remainder of which is a hydrocarbon group, two of R 7 to R 9 are hydrogen atoms and the remainder is a hydrocarbon group (dihydrogen phosphite) In the present invention, acidic phosphite is preferable, and monohydrogen phosphite is particularly preferable.
Examples of the monohydrogen phosphite include dibutyl hydrogen phosphite, dilauryl hydrogen phosphite, dioleyl hydrogen phosphite, distearyl hydrogen phosphite, diphenyl hydrogen phosphite, dibenzyl hydrogen phosphite and the like. Of these, dilauryl hydrogen phosphite and dioleyl hydrogen phosphite are preferred.
[0014]
In the present invention, the phosphite compounds may be used singly or in combination of two or more. Moreover, the compounding quantity is selected in the range of 100-300 ppm as phosphorus based on the composition whole quantity. If the amount of phosphorus is less than 100 ppm, the μ ratio is unlikely to be 1.0 or less, and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
In the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, various additives such as an antioxidant, a viscosity index improver, an extreme pressure agent, a friction modifier, a rust preventive agent, and the like, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired. A corrosion inhibitor, an antifoaming agent, etc. can be mix | blended.
Examples of the antioxidant include amine-based antioxidants such as alkylated diphenylamine, phenyl-α-naphthylamine and alkylated-α-naphthylamine, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 4,4 Examples thereof include phenolic antioxidants such as' -methylenebis (2,6-di-t-butylphenol), sulfur-based antioxidants such as dilauryl thiodipropionate and distearyl thiodipropionate.
[0015]
Examples of the viscosity index improver include polymethacrylate, polyisobutylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene hydrogenated copolymer.
Examples of extreme pressure agents and friction modifiers include phosphoric acid esters, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters, oils and fats, carboxylic acid amides (reaction products of amines such as polyalkylene polyamines, alkanolamines, and alkylamines with carboxylic acids), Examples thereof include alkylamines, N-alkylalkanolamines, partial esters of carboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols.
Examples of the antirust agent include alkenyl succinic acid and partial esters thereof, examples of the corrosion inhibitor include benzotriazole and benzimidazole, and examples of the antifoaming agent include dimethylpolysiloxane and polyacrylate.
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention having such a composition usually has a good transmission torque capacity with a μs of 1.2 or more, and has a μ ratio of 1 or less and excellent resistance to shift shock at the time of fastening. Therefore, it is possible to improve the fuel efficiency of the automatic transmission and to reduce the size and weight.
[0016]
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention is used in automatic transmissions, transmissions having a wet friction material mechanism, joints having a brake wet friction material mechanism, automatic / continuous transmissions with a lock-up clutch having a continuous slip mechanism, and the like. Can be applied.
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited at all by these examples.
Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-8
A lubricating oil composition having the composition shown in Table 1 was prepared. Using a two-friction tester, the dynamic friction coefficient (μd) and static friction coefficient (μo) were evaluated under dynamic conditions, and the static friction coefficient (μs) was evaluated under static conditions.
That is, using the cellulose-based clutch material used in the actual mission, the surface pressure: 0.2 to 0.3 N / mm 2 , the oil temperature: 100 ° C., the dynamic rotational speed: 3000 rpm, the static rotational speed: 0.7 rpm Evaluation was performed under the following conditions.
Under the above experimental conditions, μd and μs in 3000 cycles were measured, and a μ ratio (μ0 / μd) was obtained. When the μ ratio is 1 or less, the shift shock resistance is excellent.
[0017]
The results are shown in Table 1.
In addition, each component used is as follows.
(1) Base Oil: Pour point -30 ° C., 100 ° C. kinematic viscosity 3.5mm 2 / s,% C A 0.1 wt% or less of the paraffin base oil (2) an overbased calcium sulfonate · 250 TBN: total base number 230 mg KOH / g calcium sulfonate 300 TBN: total base number 330 mg KOH / g calcium sulfonate 400 TBN: total base number 400 mg KOH / g calcium sulfonate
(3) Polybutenyl succinimide / polymer Mw2000: non-boron polybutenyl succinimide / B-based Mw1000-1 with polybutenyl group having an average molecular weight of 2000 and N content of 1.5% by weight: polybutenyl Boron-containing polybutenyl succinimide / B-based Mw1000-2 having an average molecular weight of 1000, N content of 1.6% by weight, and boron content of 0.4% by weight: The average molecular weight of the polybutenyl group is 1000, Boron-containing polybutenyl succinimide / low molecular weight Mw1000> with N content of 2.0 wt% and boron content of 2.0 wt%: The average molecular weight of the polybutenyl group is 500, and the N content is 3.6 % Non-boron polybutenyl succinimide (4) Acid phosphite: Dioleyl hydrogen phosphite (5) Antioxidant: Phenol + Amine (6) viscosity index improvers: PMA system [0019]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003785378
[0020]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003785378
[0021]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003785378
* 1: Viscosity index improver 10%, others 1%
* 2: As can be seen from Table 1 where precipitation occurs, all of the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention have a high transmission torque capacity with a μs of 0.12 or more, and a μ ratio of 1.0 or less. Excellent in properties.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the coefficient of static friction (μs) is high, the transmission torque capacity is good, and the μ ratio indicating excellent shift shock resistance at the time of fastening is 1 or less, and the automatic transmission. Thus, it is possible to provide a lubricating oil composition for an automatic transmission that can improve fuel economy and can be reduced in size and weight.

Claims (3)

流動点が−25℃以下で、温度100℃における動粘度が2〜7mm2/sの基油に対し、組成物全量に基づき、(A)全塩基価が300〜500mgKOH/gの過塩基性カルシウムスルホネートを、カルシウムとして2000〜3500ppm、(B)平均分子量1000〜3500のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を有する非ホウ素系炭化水素置換コハク酸イミド及び/又はホウ素含有炭化水素置換コハク酸イミドを、窒素として100〜500ppm、ホウ素として0〜300ppm、及び(C)亜リン酸エステル系化合物を、リンとして100〜300ppm、の割合でそれぞれ配合してなる自動変速機用潤滑油組成物。Based on the total amount of the composition with respect to a base oil having a pour point of −25 ° C. or lower and a kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 100 ° C. of 2 to 7 mm 2 / s, (A) Calcium sulfonate is 2,000-3500 ppm as calcium, (B) non-boron hydrocarbon-substituted succinimide and / or boron-containing hydrocarbon-substituted succinimide having an average molecular weight of 1000-3500 is used as nitrogen. A lubricating oil composition for an automatic transmission comprising 100 to 500 ppm, 0 to 300 ppm as boron, and (C) a phosphite compound at a ratio of 100 to 300 ppm as phosphorus. 基油が、%CA0.1重量%以下のパラフィン系高度精製基油である請求項1記載の自動変速機用潤滑油組成物。Base oil,% C A 0.1 wt% or less paraffinic a highly refined base oil according to claim 1 automatic transmission lubricating oil composition. (C)成分の亜リン酸エステル系化合物が、酸性亜リン酸エステルである請求項1又は2記載の自動変速機用潤滑油組成物。The lubricating oil composition for an automatic transmission according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the phosphite compound of component (C) is an acidic phosphite.
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