JP3782648B2 - High strength steel for super large heat input welding - Google Patents

High strength steel for super large heat input welding Download PDF

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JP3782648B2
JP3782648B2 JP2000233338A JP2000233338A JP3782648B2 JP 3782648 B2 JP3782648 B2 JP 3782648B2 JP 2000233338 A JP2000233338 A JP 2000233338A JP 2000233338 A JP2000233338 A JP 2000233338A JP 3782648 B2 JP3782648 B2 JP 3782648B2
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haz
steel
heat input
copper sulfide
particles
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JP2002053928A (en
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学 星野
直樹 斎藤
龍治 植森
年通 長尾
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は高層建築等のボックス柱の組み立てで適用されるエレクトロスラグ溶接、あるいは、造船・橋梁等で適用されるエレクトロガス溶接などの超大入熱溶接における熱影響部(以下、HAZと称する)靭性に優れた超大入熱溶接用高張力鋼に関するもので、特に、入熱が200kJ/cm以上で、例えば750〜1500kJ/cm程度でも優れたHAZ靭性を有するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
最近の建築構造物の高層化に伴い、鋼製柱が大型化し、これに使用される鋼材の板厚も増してきた。このような大型の鋼製柱を溶接で組み立てる際に、高能率で溶接することが必要であり、極厚鋼板を1パスで溶接できるエレクトロスラグ溶接が広く適用されるようになってきている。また、造船・橋梁分野においても板厚が25mm程度以上の鋼板を1パスで溶接するエレクトロガス溶接が広く適用されるようになってきた。典型的な入熱の範囲は200〜1500kJ/cmであり、このような超大入熱溶接ではサブマージアーク溶接などの大入熱溶接(入熱は200kJ/cm未満)とは異なり、溶接融合線(FL)付近やHAZが受ける熱履歴において1350℃以上の高温滞留時間が極めて長くなり(超大入熱溶接では大入熱溶接の数倍〜数十倍長時間滞留する)、オーステナイト粒の粗大化が極めて顕著であり、HAZの靭性を確保することが困難であった。最近の大地震を契機として建築構造物の信頼性確保が急務の課題であり、このような超大入熱溶接HAZ部の靭性向上を達成することは極めて重要な課題である。
【0003】
従来から大入熱溶接HAZ部の靭性向上に関しては以下に示すように多くの知見・技術があるが、上記の通り、超大入熱溶接と大入熱溶接とではHAZが受ける熱履歴、特に、1350℃以上における滞留時間が大きく異なるために、大入熱溶接HAZ靭性向上技術を単純に本発明の対象分野に適用することはできない。
【0004】
従来の大入熱溶接HAZ靭性向上は大きく分類すると主に二つの基本技術に基づいたものであった。その一つは鋼中粒子によるピン止め効果を利用したオーステナイト粒粗大化防止技術であり、他の一つはオーステナイト粒内フェライト変態利用による有効結晶粒微細化技術である。
【0005】
「鉄と鋼」、第61年(1975)第11号には、各種の鋼中窒化物・炭化物についてオーステナイト粒成長抑制効果を検討し、Tiを添加した鋼ではTiNの微細粒子が鋼中に生成し、大入熱溶接HAZにおけるオーステナイト粒成長を効果的に抑制する技術が開示されている。
【0006】
特開昭60−184663号公報には、Alを0.04〜0.10%、Tiを0.002〜0.02%、さらに、希土類元素(REM)を0.003〜0.05%含有する鋼において、入熱が150kJ/cmの大入熱溶接HAZ靭性を向上させる技術が開示されている。これは、REMが硫・酸化物を形成して大入熱溶接時にHAZ部の粗粒化を防止する作用を有するためである。
【0007】
特開昭60−245768号公報には、粒子径が0.1〜3.0μm、粒子数が5×103 〜1×107 個/mm3 のTi酸化物、あるいはTi酸化物とTi窒化物との複合体のいずれかを含有する鋼では、入熱が100kJ/cmの大入熱溶接HAZ内でこれら粒子がフェライト変態核として作用することによりHAZ組織が微細化してHAZ靭性を向上できる技術が開示されている。
【0008】
特開平2−254118号公報には、TiとSを適量含有する鋼において大入熱溶接HAZ組織中にTiNとMnSの複合析出物を核として粒内フェライトが生成し、HAZ組織を微細化することによりHAZ靭性の向上が図れる技術が開示されている。
【0009】
特開昭61−253344号公報には、Alを0.005〜0.08%、Bを0.0003〜0.0050%含み、さらに、Ti、Ca、REMのうち少なくとも1種以上を0.03%以下含む鋼は大入熱溶接HAZで未溶解のREM・Caの酸化・硫化物あるいはTiNを起点として冷却過程でBNを形成し、これからフェライトが生成することにより大入熱HAZ靭性が向上する技術が開示されている。
【0010】
特開平9−157787号公報には、Mg含有酸化物を1平方mmあたり40,000〜100,000個含み、且つ、粒子径が0.20〜5.0μmのTi含有酸化物とMnSからなる複合体を1平方mmあたり20〜400個含む鋼では、オーステナイト粒成長抑制と粒内フェライト変態促進により超大入熱溶接HAZ靭性を向上できる技術が開示されている。
【0011】
特開平11−286743号公報には、粒子径が0.005〜0.5μmのMgO、MgS、Mg(O、S)の2種以上を含む鋼では、これらの微細粒子によるオーステナイト粒成長抑制により超大入熱溶接HAZ靭性を向上できる技術が開示されている。
【0012】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
「鉄と鋼」、第61年(1975)第11号に開示されている技術は、TiNをはじめとする窒化物を利用してオーステナイト粒成長抑制を図るものであり、大入熱溶接では効果が発揮されるが、本発明が対象とする超大入熱溶接では1350℃以上の滞留時間が極めて長いために、ほとんどのTiNは固溶し、粒成長抑制の効果を失う。従って、この技術を本発明が目的とする超大入熱溶接HAZの靭性には適用できない。
【0013】
特開昭60−184663号公報に開示された技術は、REMの硫化・ 酸化物を利用して大入熱溶接時にHAZ部の粗粒化を防止するものである。硫化・酸化物は窒化物に比べて1350℃以上の高温における安定性は高いので、粒成長抑制効果は維持される。しかしながら、硫・酸化物を微細に分散させることは困難である。硫・酸化物の個数密度が低いために、個々の粒子のピン止め効果は維持されるとしても超大入熱溶接HAZのオーステナイト粒径を小さくすることには限度があり、これだけで靭性向上をはかることはできない。
【0014】
特開昭60−245768号公報に記載された技術は、Ti酸化物、あるいはTi酸化物とTi窒化物との複合体のいずれかの粒子がフェライト変態核として作用することによりHAZ組織を微細化させてHAZ靭性を向上させるものであり、Ti酸化物の高温安定性を考慮すると超大入熱溶接においてもその効果は維持される。しかしながら、粒内変態核から生成するフェライトの結晶方位は全くランダムというわけではなく、母相オーステナイトの結晶方位の影響を受ける。従って、超大入熱溶接でオーステナイト粒が粗大化する場合には粒内変態だけでHAZ組織を微細化することには限度がある。
【0015】
特開平2−254118号公報に開示された技術は、TiN−MnS複合析出物からフェライトを変態させるものであり、大入熱溶接のように1350℃以上の滞留時間が比較的短い場合には効果を発揮するが、エレクトロスラグあるいはエレクトロガス溶接のような超大入熱溶接においては1350℃以上の滞留時間が長く、この間に多くのTiNは固溶してしまうためにフェライト変態核が消失し、その効果が十分には発揮できない。
【0016】
特開昭61−253344号公報に開示された技術は、REM・Caの酸化・硫化物あるいはTiN上にBNを形成し、これからフェライトを生成させることによりHAZ組織を微細化するものであり、超大入熱溶接においても同様な効果は期待できる。しかしながら、REM・Caの酸化・硫化物の個数を増加させることは困難であり、しかもTiNは固溶してフェライト変態だけでは超大入熱溶接HAZの靭性向上には限度がある。
【0017】
特開平9−157787号公報に開示された技術は、本発明者らによるものであり、0.01〜0.20μmの微細なMg含有酸化物によるオーステナイト粒成長抑制と0.20〜5.0μmのTi含有酸化物とMnSからなる複合体による粒内フェライト変態促進により超大入熱溶接HAZ靭性を向上できる。しかしながら、Ti含有酸化物の生成にはAl量を0.005%以下に抑制する必要があり、従来のAl添加鋼の利点を損なう。すなわち、従来のAl量が0.010〜0.5%程度のAl脱酸鋼においては、鋼中のAlによる酸化発熱を利用することで溶鋼温度を容易に制御することができ、安価かつ安定な鋼の量産を可能にしてきた。Al添加量を0.005%程度以下に制限すると、溶鋼加熱装置による加熱等の、Alの酸化発熱による溶鋼温度制御を代替する手段が必要となる。溶鋼中のAlは大気中の酸素による溶鋼汚染防止の役割も有し、また、Alは窒化物を形成することで材質確保に有効であることも広く知られており、Al量の0.005%以下への低減はこれらのAl添加の利点を損なうことが課題として残る。
【0018】
特開平11−286743号公報に開示された技術も本発明者らによるものであり、0.005〜0.5μmのMgO、MgS、Mg(O、S)の2種以上を含む鋼では、これらの微細粒子によるオーステナイト粒成長抑制により超大入熱溶接HAZ靭性を向上できる。しかしながら、微細なMgOの生成にはAl量を0.01%以下に抑制する必要があり、やはり、上述したAl添加の利点を損なうことが課題として残る。
【0019】
本発明は高層建築物のボックス柱の組み立てで適用されるエレクトロスラグ溶接、造船・橋梁等で適用されるエレクトロガス溶接などの入熱が200kJ/cm以上の超大入熱溶接におけるHAZ靭性に優れた超大入熱溶接用高張力鋼をAl添加鋼を前提に提供することにある。
【0020】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、超大入熱溶接HAZの靭性向上にはHAZ組織の微細化が必須であり、これはHAZのオーステナイト粒成長を著しく抑制することにより可能であること、さらに、Al添加鋼を前提として、Mgを特定量以上含有する鋼においては微細な硫化銅粒子が1350℃以上の高温で極めて安定であり、かつ微細分散が可能であることを新規に知見した。この新規知見によりHAZのオーステナイト粒成長を著しく抑制し得ること、その結果、超大入熱HAZ靭性を大きく向上できることを知見して本発明を成した。
【0021】
本発明の要旨は次の通りである。
(1)重量%で、
0.04≦C≦0.25、
0.02≦Si≦0.5、
0.02≦Mn≦2.0、
P≦0.02、
0.002≦S≦0.02、
0.03≦Cu≦2.0、
0.015≦Al≦0.5、
0.001≦Mg≦0.005、
を含有し、粒子径が0.005〜0.5μmの硫化銅粒子を1平方mmあたり1.0×105 〜1.0×107 個含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物よりなる鋼であることを特徴とする超大入熱溶接用高張力鋼、
(2)更に母材強度上昇元素群を、重量%で、
0.05≦Ni≦4.0、
0.02≦Cr≦1.0、
0.02≦Mo≦1.0、
0.005≦Nb≦0.05、
0.005≦V≦0.1、
0.005≦Ti≦0.025、
0.0004≦B≦0.004、
の1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする(1)記載の超大入熱溶接用高張力鋼にある。
【0022】
また、本発明で言うところの「溶接用高張力鋼」とは、例えば、JIS G3106「溶接構造用圧延鋼材」、JIS G3136「建築構造用圧延鋼材」、JIS G3115「圧力容器用鋼板」、JIS G3118「中・常温圧力容器用炭素鋼鋼板」、JIS G3124「中・常温圧力容器用高強度鋼板」、JIS G3126「低温圧力容器用炭素鋼鋼板」、及び、JIS G3128「溶接構造用高降伏点鋼板」に相当するものである。
【0023】
【発明の実施の形態】
このような超大入熱溶接用高張力鋼を、大量の製造実績があり優れた量産プロセスであるAl脱酸を前提に製造する。
本発明者らは、超大入熱溶接HAZの組織と靭性の関係に関する詳細な調査・研究を実施した結果、従来の大入熱溶接HAZの組織制御または靭性向上法をそのまま適用しても、超大入熱溶接HAZ靭性は限られたものであり、靭性向上にはHAZのオーステナイト粒を著しく微細化する必要があるとの結論に達した。
【0024】
まず、オーステナイト粒の微細化には鋼中粒子によるピン止め効果を利用することが有効であるが、窒化物の中で最も熱的に安定であるとされるTiNでも1350℃以上に長時間加熱されるとほとんどが溶解し、ピン止め効果を失うために、超大入熱溶接への適用には限度がある。従って、高温で安定である粒子の利用が必須となる。しかしながら、従来技術のREMあるいはCa酸化物(酸化・硫化物も含む)では、超大入熱溶接HAZのオーステナイト粒粗大化抑制に十分な程度にこれら酸化物を鋼中に微細分散させることは極めて困難である。
【0025】
本発明者らは、これまでに各種の粒子について比較検討した結果、微細なMg含有酸化物が有効であることをすでに知見している。しかしながら、これらの微細酸化物を鋼中に多量に生成させるには、鋼中のAl量を例えば0.005%程度以下に抑制する必要があり、先に述べたようにAl添加の利点を損なう。
【0026】
本発明者らはAl脱酸鋼を前提に各種の粒子について比較検討した結果、Mgを含有する鋼においては硫化銅粒子が高温で安定で、しかも微細分散に適した粒子であることを新規に知見した。HAZのオーステナイト粒成長抑制に効果を発揮する粒子は主に0.1μm以下のものであるが、Cu、S、Mg、Al添加量などを制御することにより、微細な硫化銅粒子を鋼中に多量に微細分散させることが可能である。
【0027】
従来よりAl脱酸鋼において0.03〜2%程度のCuおよび0.002〜0.02%程度のSが添加されているものは多くあるが、HAZのオーステナイト粒成長抑制はみられなかった。これらの鋼中ではSの多くは硫化銅を形成するよりもむしろMnSを形成することが広く知られている。このMnSは高温で不安定であり溶解してしまうため、オーステナイト粒微細化粒子にはなり得なかった。しかしながら、Mgを特定量以上含有する鋼においては硫化物生成挙動が従来鋼とは全く異なり、硫化銅の生成が著しく促進される結果、SはMnSを形成するよりもむしろ硫化銅を形成し、さらにこの硫化銅粒子は高温で安定、かつ微細に分散するため著しいHAZのオーステナイト粒成長抑制効果を有することがわかった。Mgを含有する鋼において硫化銅粒子の生成が著しく促進される理由は現在の所不明であるが、鋼中に固溶したMgが硫化銅の溶解度積を著しく低下させる効果を持つと考えられる。
【0028】
上述したように鋼中のMgにより硫化銅粒子の生成が著しく促進されるが、単に鋼中にMgを添加しただけでは高温で安定な硫化銅粒子はあまり生成しない。その理由につき詳しく検討した結果、Mgが強脱酸元素であるため酸化物となってしまうことにあることがわかった。Mgは蒸気圧が高く、多量に添加しても溶鋼中に歩留りにくい元素である。このため、0.0005〜0.005%程度の微量のMgが酸化物として消費されてしまうのを防ぎ、硫化銅の生成促進に有効な固溶Mgとして存在させることが極めて重要となる。図1にCu、Mg、S添加量が本発明範囲内の鋼における、0.005〜0.5μmの大きさの硫化銅粒子の個数に及ぼすAl添加量の影響を示す。Al添加量が0.015%未満では硫化銅粒子の個数は少ない。この時のMgは主にMgAl2 4 あるいはMgOとして酸化物として存在するため固溶Mg量は少ない。一方、Al添加量が0.015%以上では、硫化銅粒子の個数が顕著に増加する。酸化物はAl2 3 主体であることからMgの多くは固溶Mgとして存在する。すなわち、0.015%以上のAl添加により微細な硫化銅粒子を多数生成させることができる。
【0029】
本発明では、硫化銅粒子の粒子径を0.005〜0.5μmに限定した。0.005μm未満ではオーステナイト粒成長抑制効果が小さくなる。また、0.5μm超ではこれらの粒子や粒子と地鉄との界面が破壊起点となる確率が高くなり靭性を低下させる。0.005〜0.5μmのサイズの硫化銅粒子の個数が1平方mmあたり1.0×105 個以上の場合にオーステナイト粒成長抑制効果が顕著となり、1.0×107 個を超えると鋼の延性を低下させるので、硫化銅粒子の個数を1平方mmあたり1.0×105 〜1.0×107 個に制限した。
【0030】
粒子個数の測定方法は、鋼板から抽出レプリカを作成し、特性X線検出器(EDX)付きの透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)で、0.005〜0.5μmの大きさの粒子個数を、少なくとも1000μm2 以上の面積につき測定し、単位面積当たりの個数に換算する。例えば、2万倍の倍率にて1視野を100mm×80mmとして観察した場合、1視野あたりの観察面積は20μm2 であるから少なくとも50視野につき観察を行う。この時の0.005〜0.5μmの粒子の個数が50視野(1000μm2 )で200個であれば、粒子個数は1平方mmあたり2×105 個と換算できる。
【0031】
次に、個数を測定した粒子のうち、硫化銅粒子がどれだけ存在したかを測定するが、粒子個数は最低でも100個以上、多い場合には10000個以上となるため全粒子を逐一同定することは大変な作業となる。このため、少なくとも50個以上の粒子について下記の条件にて硫化銅粒子を同定しその存在割合を求め、先に求めた粒子個数に硫化銅粒子の存在割合をかけることで硫化銅粒子の個数を求める。例えば、上述した粒子個数、1平方mmあたり2×105 個に対し、硫化銅粒子の存在割合が90%であった場合には硫化銅粒子の個数は1平方mmあたり1.8×105 個であるとする。
【0032】
次に硫化銅粒子の同定方法について述べる。本発明で言う硫化銅粒子とはEDXの定性分析にてCuとSのピークが明瞭に検出される粒子のことであり、主にはCu2 SおよびCu2-X S(0<x<0.2)、Cu1.8 S、CuS等である。粒子からCu以外の元素として、例えばMn、Mg、Ca等が各1%以下の微量にて検出されても、明らかにCuを主体とする硫化物であれば本発明のオーステナイト粒微細化効果を発揮するものと考えられる。また、粒子中から微量のOが検出される場合があるが、SとOの割合が重量%にて95%≦Sであり、含まれているOが5%未満と微量であれば本発明で言う硫化銅であるとみなす。尚、SとOの割合が重量%にて95%≦Sであり、含まれているOが5%未満であっても、粒子が明らかに硫化銅と酸化物(例えばMgO等)の複合体であると同定できる場合には、本発明で言う硫化銅とはみなさない。
【0033】
このEDX定性、定量分析時に使用する電子ビーム径は0.001〜0.02μm、TEM観察倍率は5万〜100万倍とし、微細な硫化銅粒子内の任意の位置を定量する。抽出レプリカの試料作成時にはCuを含有しないメッシュホルダーを使用するか、Cuを含有するメッシュホルダーを使用する場合にはCuメッシュから十分離れた位置の粒子につきCuのL線を用いて定量する。
【0034】
鋼板から抽出レプリカを作成した場合に、0.005〜0.5μmのサイズの硫化銅以外の析出物、例えばセメンタイトや合金炭窒化物などが多数生成して硫化銅粒子の個数を測定しにくい場合には、1400℃にて60秒程度保持して硫化銅以外の粒子を固溶させ、その後急冷してセメンタイトや合金炭窒化物が少ないサンプルを作成し、これから抽出レプリカを作成すると良い。
【0035】
上記のようなサイズおよび個数の粒子を鋼中に分散させるためには、Cu、Mg、SおよびAlの含有量を下記のとおり限定することが望ましい。
Cuは硫化銅を構成する元素であるため本発明に必須の元素である。Cuは0.03%以上添加することで微細な硫化銅粒子の多量分散が可能となるので0.03%を下限とした。Cuが2.0%を超えると硫化銅粒子が粗大化しやすくなりHAZ靭性向上効果が小さくなるため2.0%を上限とした。
【0036】
Sは硫化銅を生成させるために必須の元素である。0.002%未満では硫化銅粒子の数が不十分となるので下限を0.002%とした。より多量の微細な硫化銅粒子を生成させるためには0.003%以上の添加がより好ましい。0.02%超含有すると、粗大な硫化銅粒子が生成して超大入熱溶接HAZのγ粒細粒化効果が得られないため上限値を0.02%とした。
【0037】
Mgは硫化銅粒子の生成促進に必須の元素である。0.001%未満では硫化銅粒子の生成促進効果が小さい。より多量の微細な硫化銅粒子を生成させるためには0.002%以上の添加がより好ましい。0.005%超の添加はMgが酸化物を生成するため硫化銅粒子の生成促進効果が飽和しHAZ靭性向上効果も飽和する上、経済性を損なうのでその上限値を0.005%とした。
【0038】
AlはMgが酸化物を生成することを抑制し、硫化銅粒子の生成を促進するのに必要な固溶Mg量を確保するために本発明において必須の元素であり、0.015%以上の添加が必要である。より多量の微細な硫化銅を生成させるためには、0.02%以上のAl添加がより好ましい。0.5%を超えて含有すると、固溶AlによるHAZ脆化が起るため硫化銅粒子によってHAZのオーステナイト粒を微細化しても大きな靭性向上効果が得られない。従って、上限を0.5%とした。
【0039】
HAZ靭性はオーステナイト粒微細化と粒内組織微細化だけではなく、合金元素により大きく変化する。また、母材の強度確保のためにも適正な合金元素を含有させる場合があるので、以下の理由により合金元素の添加量を限定した。
【0040】
Cは母材の強度を上昇できる元素である。0.04%未満では母材強度の確保が得られないので0.04%を下限とした。逆に、Cを多く含有すると、脆性破壊の起点となるセメンタイトや島状マルテンサイトを増加させるため、硫化銅粒子によってHAZのオーステナイト粒を微細化しても大きな靭性向上効果が得られない。0.25%を超えると靭性低下が顕著となるのでこれを上限値とした。
【0041】
Siは母材強度上昇に有効な元素である。0.02%未満ではこの効果が得られないので下限値を0.02%とした。逆に、0.5%超含有すると、HAZ組織中に島状マルテンサイトが多量に生成し、さらに、フェライト地を硬化させるので、硫化銅粒子によってHAZのオーステナイト粒を微細化しても大きな靭性向上効果が得られない。従って、上限を0.5%とした。
【0042】
Pは粒界脆化をもたらし、靭性に有害な元素であり、低いほうが望ましい。0.02%超含有すると硫化銅粒子によってHAZのオーステナイト粒を微細化しても靭性低下が顕著となるので0.02%を上限とする。
【0043】
さらに、母材強度上昇に効果のある選択元素の限定範囲を以下の理由で決定した。
Niは焼入れ性を上昇させることにより母材強度上昇に効果を有し、さらに、靭性を向上させる。0.05%未満ではこれらの効果が得られないので下限値を0.05%とした。Niは高価な元素であり、4.0%超含有すると経済性を損なうため上限値を4.0%とした。
【0044】
Crは母材強度上昇に効果を有する。0.02%未満ではこの効果が得られないので下限値を0.02%とした。逆に、1.0%超含有するとHAZに硬化組織を生成し、硫化銅粒子によってHAZのオーステナイト粒を微細化しても大きなHAZ靭性向上効果が得られない。従って、上限値を1.0%とした。
【0045】
Moは母材強度上昇に効果を有する。0.02%未満ではこの効果が得られないので下限値を0.02%とした。逆に、1.0%超含有するとHAZに硬化組織を生成し、硫化銅粒子によってHAZのオーステナイト粒を微細化しても大きなHAZ靭性向上効果が得られない。従って、上限値を1.0%とした。
【0046】
Nbは母材の強度上昇および細粒化に有効な元素である。0.005%未満ではこれらの効果が得られないので下限値を0.005%とした。逆に、0.05%超含有するとHAZにおけるNb炭窒化物の析出が顕著となり、硫化銅粒子によってHAZのオーステナイト粒を微細化しても大きなHAZ靭性向上効果が得られない。従って、上限値を0.05%とした。
【0047】
Vは母材の強度上昇および細粒化に有効な元素である。0.005%未満ではこれらの効果が得られないので下限値を0.005%とした。逆に、0.1%超含有するとHAZにおける炭窒化物の析出が顕著となり、硫化銅粒子によってHAZのオーステナイト粒を微細化しても大きなHAZ靭性向上効果が得られない。従って、上限値を0.1%とした。
【0048】
Tiは母材の強度上昇および細粒化に有効な元素である。0.005%未満ではこれらの効果が得られないので下限値を0.005%とした。逆に、0.025%超含有すると粗大なTiNを生成しこれが破壊の発生起点となるため、硫化銅粒子によってHAZのオーステナイト粒を微細化しても大きなHAZ靭性向上効果が得られない。従って、上限値を0.025%とした。
【0049】
Bは制御冷却および焼入れ熱処理を施す場合に特に顕著な強度上昇の効果を発揮する。0.0004%未満の含有量では強度上昇効果が得られないので下限値を0.0004%とした。逆に、0.004%超含有すると粗大なB窒化物や炭硼化物を析出してこれが破壊の起点となるために、硫化銅粒子によってHAZのオーステナイト粒を微細化しても大きなHAZ靭性向上効果が得られない。従って、上限値を0.004%とした。
【0050】
本発明では微細な硫化銅粒子を生成させることが必要であり、このためにはCu以外の硫化物形成元素は極力下げることが望ましい。代表的な元素はCaおよびREMであり、これらは0.0005%以下とすることが望ましい。
【0051】
本発明では鋼中酸素量については特に制限しない。0.015〜0.5%のAl添加鋼では鋼中酸素量は0.0003〜0.0040%程度となるが、この範囲内の酸素量であれば本発明の細粒化効果を損なうことはない。
本発明では鋼中窒素量については特に制限しない。通常の0.0010〜0.010%程度の窒素量であれば本発明の細粒化効果を損なうことはない。
本発明によるHAZ靭性向上効果は超大入熱溶接ばかりでなく、大入熱溶接(例えば、100〜200未満kJ/cm程度)でも有効である。
【0052】
なお、本発明では鋼中に通常不可避的に含有される不純物元素は許容できる。Ni、Cr、Mo、Nb、V、B、N、Ti等が不純物として混入しても本発明の性質を損なうことはない。例えば、Niは0.05%未満、Cr、およびMoは0.02%未満、Nb、V、Tiは0.005%未満、Bは0.0004%未満まで不純物として含有されていても特に悪影響を及ぼさない。
鋼の溶製方法は、例えば溶鋼温度を1650℃以下として、溶鋼O濃度を0.01%以下、溶鋼S濃度を0.02%以下とした状態で、適量のCu、MgおよびAlを添加した鋼を連続鋳造により鋳造することにより鋼中に硫化銅の微細粒子を含有させることができる。鋼の製造方法は、硫化銅粒子が所定量存在すれば良いので、鋳造後の加熱、圧延、熱処理条件は母鋼材の機械的性質に応じて適宜選定すればよい。
【0053】
【実施例】
以下に本発明の実施例を示す。転炉により鋼を溶製し、連続鋳造により厚さが240〜400mmのスラブを製造した。表1に鋼材の化学成分を示す。HAZ靭性は鋼材の炭素等量にも大きく依存するので、本発明の効果を確認するために、ほぼ同一の化学成分でCu、Mg、S、Al量のみを変えた鋼を溶製して比較した。
【0054】
表2に鋼板の製造方法と板厚、母材の機械的性質を示す。同表に示すとおり、制御圧延・制御冷却法、焼入れ・焼戻し法、直接焼入れ・焼戻し法、および直接焼入れ・二相域熱処理・焼戻し法により鋼板を製造した。板厚は40〜100mmとした。図2に示すエレクトロガス溶接及び図3に示すエレクトロスラグ溶接により溶接試験体を作成した。板厚を35mmにそろえて、入熱が310kJ/cmのエレクトロガス溶接を実施した。ここで、溶接の電流を610A、電圧を35V、速度を4.1cm/分とした。同図に示すように、溶接融合線(FL)および溶接融合線から3mm(HAZ3)の位置がノッチ位置に一致するようにシャルピー衝撃試験片を採取した。また、エレクトロスラグ溶接の電流は380A、電圧は46V、速度は1.14cm/分とした。入熱は920kJ/cmである。エレクトロスラグ溶接と同じノッチ位置となるようにシャルピー衝撃試験片を採取した。衝撃試験は−5℃で行い、3本繰り返しの平均値で靭性を評価した。結果を表3に示す。また、エレクトロスラグ溶接部FL直近のHAZのミクロ組織観察を実施しγ粒径を測定し、さらに、0.005〜0.5μmの粒子径の硫化銅粒子の粒子個数を上記の方法に従って測定した結果を表3に併せて示す。
【0055】
表3から明らかなとおり、本発明鋼は硫化銅粒子の個数が多く、エレクトロスラグ溶接HAZのγ粒径が小さい。その結果、超大入熱溶接HAZの靭性が高い。同様に、エレクトロガス溶接でも本発明鋼のHAZ靭性向上が明らかである。これに対して、比較鋼9、10、18、20、22、24ではCu、S、Al添加量は適正であるもののMg添加量が本発明範囲より低いため硫化銅粒子の個数が少なくγ粒成長抑制効果は小さくHAZ靭性向上効果は小さい。比較鋼5ではCu、Mg、Al添加量は適正であるもののS添加量が本発明範囲より低いため硫化銅粒子の個数が少なくγ粒成長抑制効果は小さくHAZ靭性向上効果は小さい。比較鋼6ではS添加量が本発明範囲より高いため微細な硫化銅粒子の個数が少なくγ粒成長抑制効果は小さくHAZ靭性向上効果は小さい。比較鋼7、8、26、28ではCu、Mg、S添加量は適正であるもののAl添加量が本発明範囲より低いため硫化銅粒子の個数が少なくγ粒成長抑制効果は小さくHAZ靭性向上効果は小さい。
【0056】
【表1】

Figure 0003782648
【0057】
【表2】
Figure 0003782648
【0058】
【表3】
Figure 0003782648
【0059】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したとおり、本発明鋼ではAl脱酸鋼において鋼中に硫化銅粒子を微細分散させることにより入熱が200kJ/cm以上の超大入熱溶接のFL及びHAZのγ粒成長抑制作用によりHAZの有効結晶粒が微細化され、HAZ靭性を顕著に向上させることができる。本発明を超大入熱溶接が適用される構造物に適用することにより、極めて信頼性の高い溶接構造物を製造することが可能である。従って、本発明は工業上極めて効果が大きい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 0.005〜0.5μmの大きさの硫化銅粒子の個数に及ぼすAl添加量の影響を示す図である。
【図2】 エレクトロガス溶接の条件を示す図である。
【図3】 エレクトロスラグ溶接の条件を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 シャルピー試験片
2 シャルピー試験片のノッチ位置 : FL
3 シャルピー試験片のノッチ位置 : HAZ3mm[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to heat-affected zone (hereinafter referred to as HAZ) toughness in super-high heat input welding such as electroslag welding applied in the assembly of box columns in high-rise buildings, etc., or electrogas welding applied in shipbuilding, bridges, etc. In particular, the present invention relates to a high strength steel for super-high heat input welding that has excellent HAZ toughness even when the heat input is 200 kJ / cm or more, for example, about 750 to 1500 kJ / cm.
[0002]
[Prior art]
With the recent increase in the height of building structures, steel pillars have become larger and the thickness of the steel used for this has increased. When assembling such a large steel column by welding, it is necessary to perform welding with high efficiency, and electroslag welding capable of welding an extremely thick steel plate in one pass has been widely applied. Also, in the shipbuilding / bridge field, electrogas welding for welding steel plates having a thickness of about 25 mm or more in one pass has been widely applied. The typical heat input range is 200 to 1500 kJ / cm. In such super-high heat input welding, unlike high heat input welding such as submerged arc welding (heat input is less than 200 kJ / cm), a weld fusion line ( FL) The high temperature residence time of 1350 ° C or higher is extremely long in the heat history received by HAZ and in HAZ (super high heat input welding retains several times to several tens of times longer than high heat input welding), and austenite grains become coarse It was extremely remarkable and it was difficult to ensure the toughness of the HAZ. Ensuring the reliability of building structures is an urgent issue in the wake of the recent large earthquake, and achieving such a toughness improvement of the super large heat input weld HAZ is an extremely important issue.
[0003]
Conventionally, there is a lot of knowledge and technology for improving the toughness of the high heat input welded HAZ part as shown below, but as described above, the heat history experienced by the HAZ in super high heat input welding and high heat input welding, Since the residence time at 1350 ° C. or higher is greatly different, the high heat input welding HAZ toughness improving technique cannot be simply applied to the subject field of the present invention.
[0004]
The conventional large heat input welding HAZ toughness improvement is mainly based on two basic technologies. One is an austenite grain coarsening prevention technique using the pinning effect of steel particles, and the other is an effective grain refinement technique using austenite intragranular ferrite transformation.
[0005]
In "Iron and Steel", No. 61 (1975) No. 11, we examined the effect of suppressing the growth of austenite grains for various types of nitrides and carbides in steel. In steel added with Ti, fine particles of TiN are contained in the steel. A technique for generating and effectively suppressing austenite grain growth in high heat input welding HAZ is disclosed.
[0006]
JP-A-60-184663 includes 0.04 to 0.10% Al, 0.002 to 0.02% Ti, and 0.003 to 0.05% rare earth element (REM). The technology which improves the high heat input welding HAZ toughness whose heat input is 150 kJ / cm is disclosed. This is because REM has a function of forming a sulfur / oxide and preventing coarsening of the HAZ portion during high heat input welding.
[0007]
JP-A-60-245768 discloses a Ti oxide having a particle diameter of 0.1 to 3.0 μm and a particle number of 5 × 10 3 to 1 × 10 7 particles / mm 3 , or Ti oxide and Ti nitriding. In a steel containing any one of the composites with the product, the HAZ structure can be refined and the HAZ toughness can be improved by making these particles act as ferrite transformation nuclei in a high heat input weld HAZ having a heat input of 100 kJ / cm. Technology is disclosed.
[0008]
In JP-A-2-254118, in a steel containing appropriate amounts of Ti and S, intragranular ferrite is generated with a composite precipitate of TiN and MnS as a nucleus in a high heat input welded HAZ structure, and the HAZ structure is refined. Thus, a technique capable of improving the HAZ toughness is disclosed.
[0009]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-253344 includes 0.005 to 0.08% Al and 0.0003 to 0.0050% B, and further contains at least one of Ti, Ca, and REM in an amount of 0.005%. Steel containing less than 03% forms high-heat-input HAZ toughness by forming BN in the cooling process starting from REM / Ca oxide / sulfide or TiN, which is undissolved in high-heat input welding HAZ, and forming ferrite from this. Techniques to do this are disclosed.
[0010]
JP-A-9-157787 includes 40,000 to 100,000 Mg-containing oxides per square mm and is composed of a Ti-containing oxide having a particle diameter of 0.20 to 5.0 μm and MnS. For steel containing 20 to 400 composites per square mm, a technique is disclosed that can improve super large heat input welding HAZ toughness by suppressing austenite grain growth and promoting intragranular ferrite transformation.
[0011]
In JP-A-11-286743, in steel containing two or more of MgO, MgS, Mg (O, S) having a particle diameter of 0.005 to 0.5 μm, the austenite grain growth is suppressed by these fine particles. A technique capable of improving the super large heat input welding HAZ toughness is disclosed.
[0012]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The technique disclosed in “Iron and Steel”, No. 11 of 1975 (1975) is intended to suppress the growth of austenite grains using nitrides such as TiN, and is effective in high heat input welding. However, since the residence time of 1350 ° C. or higher is extremely long in the super-high heat input welding which is the subject of the present invention, most of TiN is dissolved and loses the effect of suppressing grain growth. Therefore, this technique cannot be applied to the toughness of the super-high heat input welding HAZ that the present invention aims at.
[0013]
The technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-184663 is to prevent coarsening of the HAZ part at the time of high heat input welding by utilizing REM sulfide / oxide. Since sulfide / oxide is more stable at a high temperature of 1350 ° C. or higher than nitride, the effect of suppressing grain growth is maintained. However, it is difficult to finely disperse the sulfur / oxide. Even if the pinning effect of individual particles is maintained due to the low number density of sulfur and oxide, there is a limit to reducing the austenite grain size of super high heat input weld HAZ, and this alone will improve toughness. It is not possible.
[0014]
The technique described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-245768 is a technique in which the HAZ structure is refined by the particles of either Ti oxide or a composite of Ti oxide and Ti nitride acting as ferrite transformation nuclei. Thus, the HAZ toughness is improved, and the effect is maintained even in the super-high heat input welding in consideration of the high temperature stability of the Ti oxide. However, the crystal orientation of ferrite generated from intragranular transformation nuclei is not completely random, and is affected by the crystal orientation of the parent phase austenite. Therefore, when austenite grains are coarsened by super-high heat input welding, there is a limit to refine the HAZ structure only by intragranular transformation.
[0015]
The technique disclosed in JP-A-2-254118 is to transform ferrite from TiN—MnS composite precipitates, and is effective when the residence time of 1350 ° C. or higher is relatively short as in high heat input welding. However, in ultra-high heat input welding such as electroslag or electrogas welding, the residence time of 1350 ° C. or higher is long, and during this time, a large amount of TiN dissolves, so the ferrite transformation nucleus disappears, The effect cannot be fully demonstrated.
[0016]
The technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-253344 is a technique for refining the HAZ structure by forming BN on REM / Ca oxide / sulfide or TiN and generating ferrite therefrom. Similar effects can be expected in heat input welding. However, it is difficult to increase the number of oxides and sulfides of REM / Ca, and TiN has a solid solution, and there is a limit to improving the toughness of super high heat input welding HAZ only by ferrite transformation.
[0017]
The technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-157787 is based on the present inventors, and suppresses austenite grain growth by a fine Mg-containing oxide of 0.01 to 0.20 μm and 0.20 to 5.0 μm. Super-high heat input welding HAZ toughness can be improved by promoting intragranular ferrite transformation by a composite comprising Ti-containing oxide and MnS. However, it is necessary to suppress the amount of Al to 0.005% or less for the production of Ti-containing oxides, which impairs the advantages of conventional Al-added steel. That is, in the conventional Al deoxidized steel with an Al content of about 0.010 to 0.5%, the temperature of the molten steel can be easily controlled by utilizing the oxidation heat generated by Al in the steel, and it is inexpensive and stable. Has made it possible to mass-produce new steel. If the amount of Al added is limited to about 0.005% or less, a means for substituting for molten steel temperature control by oxidation heat generation of Al, such as heating by a molten steel heating device, is required. Al in molten steel also has a role of preventing molten steel contamination by oxygen in the atmosphere, and it is widely known that Al is effective in securing a material by forming a nitride. It remains a problem that the reduction to less than 1% impairs the advantages of these Al additions.
[0018]
The technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-286743 is also due to the present inventors. In steels containing two or more of 0.005 to 0.5 μm of MgO, MgS, Mg (O, S), The super large heat input welding HAZ toughness can be improved by suppressing the growth of austenite grains by the fine particles. However, for the production of fine MgO, it is necessary to suppress the amount of Al to 0.01% or less, and it still remains as a problem to impair the advantages of adding Al described above.
[0019]
The present invention is excellent in HAZ toughness in super large heat input welding with an input heat of 200 kJ / cm or more, such as electroslag welding applied in the assembly of box columns of high-rise buildings, electrogas welding applied in shipbuilding, bridges, etc. The purpose is to provide high strength steel for super large heat input welding on the premise of Al-added steel.
[0020]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention have to refine the HAZ structure to improve the toughness of the super high heat input weld HAZ. This can be achieved by significantly suppressing the austenite grain growth of the HAZ. As a premise, it has been newly found that fine copper sulfide particles are extremely stable at a high temperature of 1350 ° C. or higher and can be finely dispersed in a steel containing a specific amount of Mg. The present invention has been made based on the knowledge that the austenite grain growth of HAZ can be remarkably suppressed by this new knowledge, and as a result, the super-high heat input HAZ toughness can be greatly improved.
[0021]
The gist of the present invention is as follows.
(1) By weight%
0.04 ≦ C ≦ 0.25,
0.02 ≦ Si ≦ 0.5,
0.02 ≦ Mn ≦ 2.0,
P ≦ 0.02,
0.002 ≦ S ≦ 0.02,
0.03 ≦ Cu ≦ 2.0,
0.015 ≦ Al ≦ 0.5,
0.001 ≦ Mg ≦ 0.005,
Is a steel containing 1.0 × 10 5 to 1.0 × 10 7 copper sulfide particles having a particle size of 0.005 to 0.5 μm per square mm, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. High strength steel for super large heat input welding,
(2) Furthermore, the matrix strength increasing element group in weight%,
0.05 ≦ Ni ≦ 4.0,
0.02 ≦ Cr ≦ 1.0,
0.02 ≦ Mo ≦ 1.0,
0.005 ≦ Nb ≦ 0.05,
0.005 ≦ V ≦ 0.1,
0.005 ≦ Ti ≦ 0.025,
0.0004 ≦ B ≦ 0.004,
1 type or 2 types or more, It exists in the high tensile steel for super-high heat input welding of (1) description characterized by the above-mentioned.
[0022]
The “high strength steel for welding” referred to in the present invention is, for example, JIS G3106 “rolled steel for welded structure”, JIS G3136 “rolled steel for building structure”, JIS G3115 “steel plate for pressure vessel”, JIS. G3118 “Carbon steel plate for medium / normal temperature pressure vessel”, JIS G3124 “High strength steel plate for medium / normal temperature pressure vessel”, JIS G3126 “Carbon steel plate for low temperature pressure vessel”, and JIS G3128 “High yield point for welded structure” It corresponds to “steel plate”.
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Such a high-strength steel for ultra-high heat input welding is manufactured on the premise of Al deoxidation, which is a mass production process with excellent production results.
As a result of conducting a detailed investigation and research on the relationship between the structure and toughness of the super high heat input welding HAZ, the present inventors have applied the conventional structure control or toughness improvement method of the high heat input welding HAZ as it is. It was concluded that the heat input welding HAZ toughness was limited and that it was necessary to remarkably refine the austenite grains of the HAZ to improve the toughness.
[0024]
First of all, it is effective to use the pinning effect of steel particles for the refinement of austenite grains, but even TiN, which is considered to be the most thermally stable among nitrides, is heated to 1350 ° C or higher for a long time. In most cases, it melts and loses the pinning effect, so there is a limit to the application to super high heat input welding. Therefore, it is essential to use particles that are stable at high temperatures. However, with conventional REM or Ca oxide (including oxides and sulfides), it is extremely difficult to finely disperse these oxides in steel to an extent sufficient to suppress the austenite grain coarsening of super high heat input welding HAZ. It is.
[0025]
As a result of comparative studies on various particles, the present inventors have already found that fine Mg-containing oxides are effective. However, in order to produce a large amount of these fine oxides in steel, it is necessary to suppress the amount of Al in the steel to, for example, about 0.005% or less, and as described above, the advantage of Al addition is impaired. .
[0026]
As a result of comparative study on various particles on the premise of Al deoxidized steel, the present inventors have newly found that in steel containing Mg, copper sulfide particles are stable at high temperatures and suitable for fine dispersion. I found out. Particles that exert an effect on the suppression of HAZ austenite grain growth are mainly 0.1 μm or less. By controlling the amount of Cu, S, Mg, Al added, etc., fine copper sulfide particles are incorporated into the steel. A large amount can be finely dispersed.
[0027]
Conventionally, Al deoxidized steel has many steels with about 0.03 to 2% Cu and about 0.002 to 0.02% S added, but HAZ austenite grain growth suppression has not been observed. . In these steels it is widely known that much of S forms MnS rather than copper sulfide. Since MnS is unstable and melts at high temperatures, it cannot be austenite refined particles. However, in the steel containing Mg in a specific amount or more, the sulfide generation behavior is completely different from that of the conventional steel, and as a result of the formation of copper sulfide being significantly accelerated, S forms copper sulfide rather than MnS, Further, since the copper sulfide particles are stable and finely dispersed at a high temperature, it has been found that the copper sulfide particles have a remarkable HAZ austenite grain growth suppressing effect. The reason why the formation of copper sulfide particles is remarkably accelerated in steel containing Mg is currently unknown, but it is considered that Mg dissolved in the steel has an effect of significantly reducing the solubility product of copper sulfide.
[0028]
As described above, the production of copper sulfide particles is remarkably promoted by Mg in the steel, but the copper sulfide particles that are stable at high temperatures are not so much produced simply by adding Mg to the steel. As a result of examining the reason in detail, it was found that Mg is an oxide because it is a strong deoxidizing element. Mg has a high vapor pressure and is an element that does not easily yield in molten steel even when added in a large amount. For this reason, it is extremely important to prevent a very small amount of Mg of about 0.0005 to 0.005% from being consumed as an oxide and to be present as a solid solution Mg effective for promoting the formation of copper sulfide. FIG. 1 shows the influence of the amount of Al added on the number of copper sulfide particles having a size of 0.005 to 0.5 μm in steels in which the amounts of Cu, Mg and S are within the range of the present invention. When the Al addition amount is less than 0.015%, the number of copper sulfide particles is small. At this time, Mg is present mainly as MgAl 2 O 4 or MgO as an oxide, so the amount of solid solution Mg is small. On the other hand, when the Al addition amount is 0.015% or more, the number of copper sulfide particles is remarkably increased. Since the oxide is mainly Al 2 O 3 , most of Mg exists as solid solution Mg. That is, a large number of fine copper sulfide particles can be generated by adding 0.015% or more of Al.
[0029]
In the present invention, the particle diameter of the copper sulfide particles is limited to 0.005 to 0.5 μm. If it is less than 0.005 μm, the effect of suppressing austenite grain growth becomes small. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.5 μm, the probability that these particles or the interface between the particles and the ground iron becomes a fracture starting point increases, and the toughness is lowered. When the number of copper sulfide particles having a size of 0.005 to 0.5 μm is 1.0 × 10 5 or more per square mm, the effect of suppressing austenite grain growth becomes significant, and when the number exceeds 1.0 × 10 7 In order to reduce the ductility of the steel, the number of copper sulfide particles was limited to 1.0 × 10 5 to 1.0 × 10 7 per square mm.
[0030]
The method for measuring the number of particles is to create an extraction replica from a steel plate and measure the number of particles having a size of 0.005 to 0.5 μm with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with a characteristic X-ray detector (EDX). Measured for an area of 1000 μm 2 or more, and converted to the number per unit area. For example, when one field of view is observed as 100 mm × 80 mm at a magnification of 20,000 times, the observation area per field is 20 μm 2 , so observation is performed for at least 50 fields. If the number of 0.005-0.5 μm particles at this time is 200 in 50 fields (1000 μm 2 ), the number of particles can be converted to 2 × 10 5 particles per square mm.
[0031]
Next, it is measured how many copper sulfide particles are present among the particles whose number has been measured. Since the number of particles is at least 100, or more than 10,000, all particles are identified one by one. That is a tough job. For this reason, the copper sulfide particles are identified under the following conditions for at least 50 particles and the existence ratio thereof is obtained, and the number of copper sulfide particles is determined by multiplying the number of particles obtained previously by the existence ratio of the copper sulfide particles. Ask. For example, the number of copper sulfide particles is 1.8 × 10 5 per square mm when the abundance ratio of copper sulfide particles is 90% with respect to the number of particles described above, 2 × 10 5 per square mm. Suppose that it is a piece.
[0032]
Next, a method for identifying copper sulfide particles will be described. The copper sulfide particles referred to in the present invention are particles in which Cu and S peaks are clearly detected by EDX qualitative analysis, and are mainly Cu 2 S and Cu 2-X S (0 <x <0). .2), Cu 1.8 S, CuS and the like. Even if, for example, Mn, Mg, Ca, etc. are detected in trace amounts of 1% or less as elements other than Cu from the particles, the austenite grain refining effect of the present invention can be achieved as long as it is a sulfide mainly composed of Cu. It is thought that it demonstrates. In addition, a trace amount of O may be detected from the particles, but if the ratio of S and O is 95% ≦ S by weight% and the amount of O contained is less than 5%, the present invention. It is considered to be copper sulfide. In addition, even if the ratio of S and O is 95% ≦ S by weight, and the contained O is less than 5%, the particles are clearly a composite of copper sulfide and oxide (for example, MgO). Is identified as copper sulfide as referred to in the present invention.
[0033]
The electron beam diameter used for the EDX qualitative and quantitative analysis is 0.001 to 0.02 μm, the TEM observation magnification is 50,000 to 1,000,000 times, and an arbitrary position in the fine copper sulfide particles is quantified. When a sample of the extracted replica is prepared, a mesh holder that does not contain Cu is used. When a mesh holder that contains Cu is used, particles at positions sufficiently away from the Cu mesh are quantified using the L line of Cu.
[0034]
When an extraction replica is made from a steel plate, it is difficult to measure the number of copper sulfide particles due to the formation of many precipitates other than copper sulfide of 0.005-0.5 μm size, such as cementite and alloy carbonitride. For example, it is preferable to hold the sample at 1400 ° C. for about 60 seconds to dissolve particles other than copper sulfide in a solid solution, and then rapidly cool to prepare a sample with little cementite and alloy carbonitride, and then make an extraction replica.
[0035]
In order to disperse particles of the above size and number in steel, it is desirable to limit the contents of Cu, Mg, S and Al as follows.
Since Cu is an element constituting copper sulfide, it is an essential element in the present invention. Since Cu can be dispersed in a large amount of fine copper sulfide particles by adding 0.03% or more, 0.03% was made the lower limit. If Cu exceeds 2.0%, the copper sulfide particles are likely to be coarsened and the effect of improving the HAZ toughness becomes small, so 2.0% was made the upper limit.
[0036]
S is an essential element for producing copper sulfide. If it is less than 0.002%, the number of copper sulfide particles becomes insufficient, so the lower limit was made 0.002%. In order to produce a larger amount of fine copper sulfide particles, addition of 0.003% or more is more preferable. If the content exceeds 0.02%, coarse copper sulfide particles are generated and the effect of γ-grain refinement of super-high heat input welding HAZ cannot be obtained, so the upper limit was made 0.02%.
[0037]
Mg is an essential element for promoting the formation of copper sulfide particles. If it is less than 0.001%, the effect of promoting the formation of copper sulfide particles is small. In order to produce a larger amount of fine copper sulfide particles, addition of 0.002% or more is more preferable. Addition of over 0.005% saturates the effect of promoting the formation of copper sulfide particles and saturates the effect of improving HAZ toughness because Mg forms an oxide, and this impairs economic efficiency, so the upper limit was set to 0.005%. .
[0038]
Al is an essential element in the present invention in order to suppress the formation of oxides by Mg and to secure the solid solution Mg amount necessary to promote the formation of copper sulfide particles, and is 0.015% or more. Addition is necessary. In order to produce a larger amount of fine copper sulfide, addition of 0.02% or more of Al is more preferable. If the content exceeds 0.5%, HAZ embrittlement due to solute Al occurs, so that even if the austenite grains of HAZ are refined by copper sulfide particles, a great toughness improving effect cannot be obtained. Therefore, the upper limit was made 0.5%.
[0039]
The HAZ toughness varies greatly depending on alloy elements as well as austenite grain refinement and grain refinement. In addition, since an appropriate alloy element may be contained in order to ensure the strength of the base material, the addition amount of the alloy element is limited for the following reason.
[0040]
C is an element that can increase the strength of the base material. If less than 0.04%, the strength of the base material cannot be secured, so 0.04% was made the lower limit. On the other hand, when a large amount of C is contained, cementite and island martensite, which are the starting points of brittle fracture, are increased. Therefore, even if the austenite grains of HAZ are refined by copper sulfide particles, a great toughness improving effect cannot be obtained. If it exceeds 0.25%, the toughness drop becomes remarkable, so this was made the upper limit.
[0041]
Si is an element effective for increasing the strength of the base material. If less than 0.02%, this effect cannot be obtained, so the lower limit was made 0.02%. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 0.5%, a large amount of island martensite is generated in the HAZ structure, and further, the ferrite ground is hardened. Therefore, even if the austenite grains of HAZ are refined by copper sulfide particles, the toughness is greatly improved. The effect is not obtained. Therefore, the upper limit was made 0.5%.
[0042]
P is an element that causes grain boundary embrittlement and is harmful to toughness. If the content exceeds 0.02%, even if the HAZ austenite grains are refined by the copper sulfide particles, the toughness is remarkably reduced, so 0.02% is made the upper limit.
[0043]
Furthermore, the limited range of the selective elements effective for increasing the strength of the base material was determined for the following reason.
Ni has an effect of increasing the strength of the base material by increasing the hardenability, and further improves the toughness. If less than 0.05%, these effects cannot be obtained, so the lower limit was set to 0.05%. Ni is an expensive element, and if the content exceeds 4.0%, the economic efficiency is impaired, so the upper limit value was made 4.0%.
[0044]
Cr is effective in increasing the strength of the base material. If less than 0.02%, this effect cannot be obtained, so the lower limit was made 0.02%. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 1.0%, a hardened structure is generated in the HAZ, and even if the austenite grains of the HAZ are refined by the copper sulfide particles, a large HAZ toughness improving effect cannot be obtained. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 1.0%.
[0045]
Mo is effective in increasing the strength of the base material. If less than 0.02%, this effect cannot be obtained, so the lower limit was made 0.02%. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 1.0%, a hardened structure is generated in the HAZ, and even if the austenite grains of the HAZ are refined by the copper sulfide particles, a large HAZ toughness improving effect cannot be obtained. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 1.0%.
[0046]
Nb is an element effective for increasing the strength and refining of the base material. If less than 0.005%, these effects cannot be obtained, so the lower limit was made 0.005%. On the other hand, when the content exceeds 0.05%, precipitation of Nb carbonitride in HAZ becomes remarkable, and even if the austenite grains of HAZ are refined by copper sulfide particles, a great effect of improving HAZ toughness cannot be obtained. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 0.05%.
[0047]
V is an element effective for increasing the strength and refining of the base material. If less than 0.005%, these effects cannot be obtained, so the lower limit was made 0.005%. On the other hand, when the content exceeds 0.1%, precipitation of carbonitrides in the HAZ becomes remarkable, and even if the austenite grains of the HAZ are refined by the copper sulfide particles, a large HAZ toughness improving effect cannot be obtained. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 0.1%.
[0048]
Ti is an element effective for increasing the strength and refining of the base material. If less than 0.005%, these effects cannot be obtained, so the lower limit was made 0.005%. On the other hand, when the content exceeds 0.025%, coarse TiN is generated and this becomes a starting point of fracture. Therefore, even if the austenite grains of HAZ are refined by copper sulfide particles, a great effect of improving HAZ toughness cannot be obtained. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 0.025%.
[0049]
B exhibits a remarkable increase in strength particularly when controlled cooling and quenching heat treatment are performed. If the content is less than 0.0004%, the effect of increasing the strength cannot be obtained, so the lower limit is set to 0.0004%. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 0.004%, coarse B nitrides or carbon borides are precipitated and become the starting point of fracture. Therefore, even if the austenite grains of HAZ are refined by copper sulfide particles, a large HAZ toughness improving effect is obtained. Cannot be obtained. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 0.004%.
[0050]
In the present invention, it is necessary to produce fine copper sulfide particles. For this purpose, it is desirable to reduce the sulfide-forming elements other than Cu as much as possible. Typical elements are Ca and REM, and these are preferably 0.0005% or less.
[0051]
In the present invention, the amount of oxygen in the steel is not particularly limited. In 0.015-0.5% Al-added steel, the amount of oxygen in the steel is about 0.0003-0.0040%. However, if the amount of oxygen is within this range, the effect of refining the present invention is impaired. There is no.
In the present invention, the amount of nitrogen in the steel is not particularly limited. A normal nitrogen amount of about 0.0010 to 0.010% does not impair the refinement effect of the present invention.
The effect of improving the HAZ toughness according to the present invention is effective not only in super high heat input welding but also in high heat input welding (for example, about 100 to less than 200 kJ / cm).
[0052]
In the present invention, an impurity element usually inevitably contained in steel is acceptable. Even if Ni, Cr, Mo, Nb, V, B, N, Ti or the like is mixed as an impurity, the properties of the present invention are not impaired. For example, Ni is less than 0.05%, Cr and Mo are less than 0.02%, Nb, V, and Ti are less than 0.005%, and B is less than 0.0004%. Does not affect.
For example, the molten steel temperature was set to 1650 ° C. or lower, the molten steel O concentration was 0.01% or lower, and the molten steel S concentration was 0.02% or lower, and appropriate amounts of Cu, Mg, and Al were added . By casting steel by continuous casting, fine particles of copper sulfide can be contained in the steel. In the steel production method, since a predetermined amount of copper sulfide particles may be present, the heating, rolling, and heat treatment conditions after casting may be appropriately selected according to the mechanical properties of the base steel material.
[0053]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention are shown below. Steel was melted by a converter and a slab having a thickness of 240 to 400 mm was manufactured by continuous casting. Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the steel material. Since the HAZ toughness greatly depends on the carbon equivalent of the steel material, in order to confirm the effect of the present invention, a comparison was made by melting steels with almost the same chemical components but changing only the amounts of Cu, Mg, S, and Al. did.
[0054]
Table 2 shows the manufacturing method and thickness of the steel sheet, and the mechanical properties of the base material. As shown in the table, steel sheets were produced by controlled rolling / controlled cooling, quenching / tempering, direct quenching / tempering, and direct quenching / two-phase heat treatment / tempering. The plate thickness was 40-100 mm. A weld specimen was prepared by electrogas welding shown in FIG. 2 and electroslag welding shown in FIG. Electrogas welding with a plate thickness of 35 mm and heat input of 310 kJ / cm was performed. Here, the welding current was 610 A, the voltage was 35 V, and the speed was 4.1 cm / min. As shown in the figure, Charpy impact test specimens were collected so that the position of 3 mm (HAZ3) from the weld fusion line (FL) and the weld fusion line coincided with the notch position. The current of electroslag welding was 380 A, the voltage was 46 V, and the speed was 1.14 cm / min. The heat input is 920 kJ / cm. A Charpy impact test piece was taken so that it had the same notch position as electroslag welding. The impact test was performed at −5 ° C., and the toughness was evaluated by the average value of three repetitions. The results are shown in Table 3. Moreover, the microstructure of the HAZ closest to the electroslag welded part FL was observed to measure the γ particle diameter, and the number of copper sulfide particles having a particle diameter of 0.005 to 0.5 μm was measured according to the above method. The results are also shown in Table 3.
[0055]
As is apparent from Table 3, the steel of the present invention has a large number of copper sulfide particles, and the γ particle size of electroslag welded HAZ is small. As a result, the toughness of the super large heat input weld HAZ is high. Similarly, the improvement in the HAZ toughness of the steel of the present invention is evident even in electrogas welding. In contrast, in Comparative Steels 9, 10, 18, 20, 22, and 24, Cu, S, and Al were added appropriately, but the Mg addition was lower than the range of the present invention, so the number of copper sulfide particles was small, and γ grains The growth suppressing effect is small and the HAZ toughness improving effect is small. In Comparative Steel 5, although the addition amounts of Cu, Mg, and Al are appropriate, the amount of addition of S is lower than the range of the present invention, so the number of copper sulfide particles is small, the γ grain growth suppressing effect is small, and the HAZ toughness improving effect is small. In Comparative Steel 6, the amount of addition of S is higher than the range of the present invention, so the number of fine copper sulfide particles is small, the effect of suppressing γ grain growth is small, and the effect of improving HAZ toughness is small. In comparative steels 7, 8, 26 and 28, although the addition amounts of Cu, Mg and S are appropriate, the addition amount of Al is lower than the range of the present invention, so the number of copper sulfide particles is small, the effect of suppressing the growth of γ grains is small, and the HAZ toughness improvement effect Is small.
[0056]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003782648
[0057]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003782648
[0058]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003782648
[0059]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the steel of the present invention, the HAZ is suppressed by the action of suppressing the γ grain growth of FL and HAZ in super high heat input welding with heat input of 200 kJ / cm or more by finely dispersing copper sulfide particles in the Al deoxidized steel. The effective crystal grains are refined, and the HAZ toughness can be remarkably improved. By applying the present invention to a structure to which ultra-high heat input welding is applied, it is possible to manufacture a highly reliable welded structure. Therefore, the present invention is extremely effective industrially.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the influence of the amount of Al added on the number of copper sulfide particles having a size of 0.005 to 0.5 μm.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing electrogas welding conditions.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing conditions for electroslag welding.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Charpy specimen 2 Notch position of Charpy specimen: FL
3 Notch position of Charpy specimen: HAZ 3 mm

Claims (2)

重量%で、
0.04≦C≦0.25、
0.02≦Si≦0.5、
0.02≦Mn≦2.0、
P≦0.02、
0.002≦S≦0.02、
0.03≦Cu≦2.0、
0.015≦Al≦0.5、
0.001≦Mg≦0.005、
を含有し、粒子径が0.005〜0.5μmの硫化銅粒子を1平方mmあたり1.0×105 〜1.0×107 個含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物よりなる鋼であることを特徴とする超大入熱溶接用高張力鋼。
% By weight
0.04 ≦ C ≦ 0.25,
0.02 ≦ Si ≦ 0.5,
0.02 ≦ Mn ≦ 2.0,
P ≦ 0.02,
0.002 ≦ S ≦ 0.02,
0.03 ≦ Cu ≦ 2.0,
0.015 ≦ Al ≦ 0.5,
0.001 ≦ Mg ≦ 0.005,
Is a steel containing 1.0 × 10 5 to 1.0 × 10 7 copper sulfide particles having a particle size of 0.005 to 0.5 μm per square mm, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. High-tensile steel for super high heat input welding.
更に母材強度上昇元素群を、重量%で、
0.05≦Ni≦4.0、
0.02≦Cr≦1.0、
0.02≦Mo≦1.0、
0.005≦Nb≦0.05、
0.005≦V≦0.1、
0.005≦Ti≦0.025、
0.0004≦B≦0.004、
の1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の超大入熱溶接用高張力鋼。
Furthermore, the matrix strength increasing element group,
0.05 ≦ Ni ≦ 4.0,
0.02 ≦ Cr ≦ 1.0,
0.02 ≦ Mo ≦ 1.0,
0.005 ≦ Nb ≦ 0.05,
0.005 ≦ V ≦ 0.1,
0.005 ≦ Ti ≦ 0.025,
0.0004 ≦ B ≦ 0.004,
The high-tensile steel for super-high heat input welding according to claim 1, comprising one or more of the following.
JP2000233338A 2000-08-01 2000-08-01 High strength steel for super large heat input welding Expired - Fee Related JP3782648B2 (en)

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