JP3780402B2 - Detoxification method for incineration fly ash - Google Patents
Detoxification method for incineration fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- JP3780402B2 JP3780402B2 JP2000081174A JP2000081174A JP3780402B2 JP 3780402 B2 JP3780402 B2 JP 3780402B2 JP 2000081174 A JP2000081174 A JP 2000081174A JP 2000081174 A JP2000081174 A JP 2000081174A JP 3780402 B2 JP3780402 B2 JP 3780402B2
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- fly ash
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、ごみ焼却炉から出た排ガスから回収され、ダイオキシンや重金属等の有害物質を含んでいる飛灰、即ち、焼却飛灰を無害化する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ごみ焼却施設では、焼却炉から出た排ガスをバグフィルタ等の集塵装置に通して、排ガスに含まれる飛灰を回収している。回収された飛灰には、ダイオキシンや重金属が含まれているため、これを無害化する必要がある。飛灰の無害化は、ダイオキシン熱分解装置や飛灰固結装置等の飛灰無害化処理装置によって行われているが、従来は、バグフィルタ等により排ガスから回収された飛灰を、そのままダイオキシン熱分解装置等の投入ホッパに投入していた。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、飛灰は、見掛け密度が小さい(約0.3〜0.5g/cm3)ため、特に、熱分解処理室において飛灰を一定時間加熱する必要のあるダイオキシン熱分解装置では、装置が大型化してコストが高くなるという問題があった。また、飛灰を投入ホッパに投入する際等に、粉塵が多く発生するという問題があった。さらに、飛灰は、安息角が大きいため、投入ホッパや排出口においてブリッジが発生して閉塞の危険性がある上、ホッパや装置内に付着し易いという問題もあった。
【0004】
この発明の目的は、ごみ焼却施設で発生した焼却飛灰を無害化処理するにあたり、処理装置内での単位容積当たりの充填量を増大できるようにして、装置のコンパクト化によるコストダウンを図るとともに、飛灰取扱い時の粉塵の発生や、投入ホッパ等におけるブリッジの発生による閉塞といったトラブルを防止できるようにすることにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明による焼却飛灰の無害化処理方法は、上記の目的を達成するために、ごみ焼却炉から出た排ガスから回収された飛灰を、圧密して高密度化してから、飛灰無害化処理装置に投入して無害化処理することを特徴としている。
【0006】
この発明による上記方法において、前記飛灰の高密度化を、前記飛灰に、アルミナセメント、コールタールピッチ、ポルトランドセメントまたは早強セメントよりなる結合材5〜10重量%と水とを混合して、プレス機で加圧することによって行う場合がある。水の割合は、通常5〜10重量%とする。
【0007】
また、前記飛灰の高密度化を、前記飛灰に、アルミナセメント、コールタールピッチ、ポルトランドセメントまたは早強セメントよりなる結合材5〜10重量%と水とを混合して、造粒機でペレット化することによって行う場合もある。水の割合は、通常5〜10重量%とする。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
この発明の実施の形態を、図1を参照して以下に説明する。
ごみ焼却炉から出た排ガスは、まず、バグフィルタ(1)に導入され、ここで排ガス中に含まれる飛灰が捕集される。
【0009】
次に、捕集された飛灰に、アルミナセメント、コールタールピッチ、ポルトランドセメントまたは早強セメントよりなる結合材5〜10重量%、および水5〜10重量%を加えて、混練機(2)で混練する。
【0010】
そして、結合材および水と混合された飛灰を、プレス機(3)で加圧する。加圧は、例えば、1kgf/cm2(≒98kPa)の加圧力で1分間程度行う。
あるいは、結合材および水と混合された飛灰を、造粒機(4)でペレット化する。ペレットの形状は、球状、円柱状、角柱状のいずれでもよい。
上記のような加圧またはペレット化により、飛灰の見掛け密度が大幅に低減されて、高密度化される。
【0011】
次に、高密度化された飛灰を、乾燥機(5)で乾燥した後、ダイオキシン熱分解装置(6)の投入ホッパに投入する。この工程において、飛灰は、高密度化されているため、粉塵が発生せず、投入ホッパにおいてブリッジが発生しない。また、飛灰の高密度化により、ダイオキシン熱分解装置(6)の熱分解処理室における飛灰の単位容積当たりの充填量(重量)は、飛灰をそのまま充填する場合と比べて大幅に増加する。熱分解処理室に充填された飛灰は、ここで300℃〜400℃程度の温度で所定時間加熱され、それによって飛灰に含まれていたダイオキシンが熱分解される。こうしてダイオキシンが除去された処理済み飛灰は、例えば60℃以下の所定温度に急冷された後、排出される。
【0012】
【実施例】
種々の結合材を使用した場合の飛灰の高密度化の度合いを、次の要領で調べた。まず、焼却飛灰に、ポルトランドセメント(実施例1)、コールタールピッチ(実施例2)、アルミナセメント(実施例3)、早強セメント(実施例4)、Mg(OH)2(比較例1)、Na2CO3(比較例2)、Ca(OH)2(比較例3)、砂糖(比較例4)、デンプン(比較例5)のそれぞれを10重量%混合した状態での見掛け密度と、焼却飛灰に結合材を一切混合しない(比較例6)状態での見掛け密度を測定した。測定結果は、以下の表1の(a)欄に示すとおりである。
【0013】
そして、それぞれについて、水10重量%を加えて混練した後、プレス機により1kgf/cm2(≒98kPa)の加圧力で1分間加圧した。加圧後、乾燥機で乾燥させた状態で、それぞれの見掛け密度を測定した。測定結果は、以下の表1の(b)欄に示すとおりである。
【0014】
【表1】
【0015】
表1から明らかなように、実施例1〜4では、処理後の見掛け密度が処理前の2.2〜2.6倍程度増加しており、比較例1〜6と比べるとかなり高密度化の度合いが高いことがわかる。
【0016】
次に、バグフィルタで捕集された焼却飛灰に、早強セメント10重量%および水10重量%を混合してプレス機により1kgf/cm2(≒98kPa)の加圧力で1分間加圧した後、乾燥機で乾燥させた高密度化飛灰(実施例5)と、バグフィルタで捕集されたままで全く前処理が施されていない焼却飛灰(比較例7)のそれぞれについて、ダイオキシン加熱分解装置に投入して熱分解処理する前後のダイオキシン量を測定した。処理条件および測定結果を表2に示す。
【0017】
【表2】
【0018】
投入量は、実施例5および比較例7の高密度化後の飛灰の見掛け密度にほぼ比例して、実施例5の方が比較例7の約2倍となっている。処理前のダイオキシン量は、いずれも3.3ng−TEC/gであったが、処理後のダイオキシン量は、実施例5が0.018ng−TEC/g、比較例7が0.015ng−TEC/gまで低下した。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
この発明による焼却飛灰の無害化処理方法は、飛灰無害化処理装置による無害化処理の前処理として、飛灰を圧密して高密度化しておくものであるため、飛灰をそのまま処理装置に投入していた従来技術と比べて、装置内での単位容積当たりの充填量が大幅に増大する。したがって、処理装置のコンパクト化によるコストダウンを図ることができる。また、従来技術で問題となっていた飛灰取扱い時の粉塵の発生や、処理装置の投入ホッパや排出口における飛灰によるブリッジの発生といったトラブルを確実に防止することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明による焼却飛灰無害化処理方法のフロー図である。
【符号の説明】
(1):バグフィルタ
(2):混練機
(3)…プレス機
(4)…造粒機
(5)…乾燥機
(6)…ダイオキシン熱分解装置[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for detoxifying fly ash recovered from exhaust gas discharged from a waste incinerator and containing harmful substances such as dioxins and heavy metals, that is, incineration fly ash.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a waste incineration facility, exhaust gas discharged from an incinerator is passed through a dust collector such as a bag filter to collect fly ash contained in the exhaust gas. Since the collected fly ash contains dioxins and heavy metals, it must be detoxified. Fly ash detoxification has been performed by fly ash detoxification treatment equipment such as dioxin pyrolysis equipment and fly ash consolidation equipment. Conventionally, fly ash recovered from exhaust gas by a bag filter etc. is used as is. It was thrown into a charging hopper such as a pyrolyzer.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since fly ash has a small apparent density (about 0.3 to 0.5 g / cm 3 ), in particular, in a dioxin pyrolysis apparatus in which fly ash needs to be heated for a certain time in a thermal decomposition treatment chamber, the apparatus is There was a problem that the cost increased due to the increase in size. In addition, there has been a problem that a large amount of dust is generated when fly ash is put into a feeding hopper. Furthermore, since fly ash has a large angle of repose, there is a risk that a bridging occurs at the input hopper and the discharge port and there is a risk of blockage, and the fly ash is likely to adhere to the hopper and the apparatus.
[0004]
The object of the present invention is to reduce the cost by reducing the size of the apparatus so that the incineration fly ash generated at the waste incineration facility can be made harmless by increasing the filling amount per unit volume in the processing apparatus. It is intended to prevent troubles such as generation of dust when handling fly ash and blockage due to generation of a bridge in a charging hopper or the like.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the incineration fly ash detoxification method according to the present invention consolidates the fly ash recovered from the exhaust gas discharged from the waste incinerator, densifies the fly ash, and then detoxifies the fly ash. It is characterized in that it is put into a processing device and detoxified.
[0006]
In the above method according to the present invention, the fly ash is densified by mixing 5 to 10% by weight of a binder composed of alumina cement, coal tar pitch, Portland cement or early strong cement and water. In some cases, the pressure is applied by a press. The ratio of water is usually 5 to 10% by weight.
[0007]
Further, the fly ash is densified by mixing 5 to 10% by weight of a binder made of alumina cement, coal tar pitch, Portland cement or early strength cement and water with the fly ash. There are also cases where it is performed by pelletizing. The ratio of water is usually 5 to 10% by weight.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.
The exhaust gas discharged from the waste incinerator is first introduced into the bag filter (1), where fly ash contained in the exhaust gas is collected.
[0009]
Next, a kneading machine (2) is added to the collected fly ash by adding 5 to 10% by weight of a binder composed of alumina cement, coal tar pitch, Portland cement or early strong cement and 5 to 10% by weight of water. Knead.
[0010]
Then, the fly ash mixed with the binder and water is pressurized with a press (3). The pressurization is performed, for example, at a pressure of 1 kgf / cm 2 (≈98 kPa) for about 1 minute.
Alternatively, fly ash mixed with the binder and water is pelletized with a granulator (4). The shape of the pellet may be spherical, cylindrical, or prismatic.
By the pressurization or pelletization as described above, the apparent density of the fly ash is greatly reduced and the density is increased.
[0011]
Next, after the densified fly ash is dried by a dryer (5), it is put into a charging hopper of a dioxin thermal decomposition apparatus (6). In this process, since fly ash is densified, dust is not generated and no bridge is generated in the charging hopper. In addition, due to the higher density of fly ash, the amount (weight) of fly ash charged in the pyrolysis chamber of the dioxin pyrolysis unit (6) is significantly increased compared to the case where fly ash is filled as it is. To do. The fly ash filled in the pyrolysis chamber is heated here at a temperature of about 300 ° C. to 400 ° C. for a predetermined time, whereby the dioxins contained in the fly ash are pyrolyzed. The treated fly ash from which the dioxins have been removed in this way is rapidly cooled to a predetermined temperature of, for example, 60 ° C. or less and then discharged.
[0012]
【Example】
The degree of fly ash densification when various binders were used was examined as follows. First, Portland cement (Example 1), coal tar pitch (Example 2), alumina cement (Example 3), early strong cement (Example 4), Mg (OH) 2 (Comparative Example 1) ), Na 2 CO 3 (Comparative Example 2), Ca (OH) 2 (Comparative Example 3), Sugar (Comparative Example 4), and Starch (Comparative Example 5), each having an apparent density of 10% by weight. The apparent density in a state where no binder was mixed with the incineration fly ash (Comparative Example 6) was measured. The measurement results are as shown in the column (a) of Table 1 below.
[0013]
Then, after adding 10% by weight of water and kneading, each was pressurized with a press machine at a pressure of 1 kgf / cm 2 (≈98 kPa) for 1 minute. After pressurization, each apparent density was measured in a state where it was dried with a dryer. The measurement results are as shown in the column (b) of Table 1 below.
[0014]
[Table 1]
[0015]
As is apparent from Table 1, in Examples 1 to 4, the apparent density after the treatment increased by about 2.2 to 2.6 times before the treatment, which is considerably higher than that in Comparative Examples 1 to 6. It can be seen that the degree of is high.
[0016]
Next, the incinerated fly ash collected by the bag filter was mixed with 10% by weight of early strong cement and 10% by weight of water, and pressurized with a press machine at a pressure of 1 kgf / cm 2 (≈98 kPa) for 1 minute. Then, dioxin heating was performed on each of the high-density fly ash dried in the dryer (Example 5) and the incinerated fly ash collected by the bag filter and not subjected to any pretreatment (Comparative Example 7). The amount of dioxins before and after the thermal decomposition treatment was input into the decomposition apparatus was measured. The processing conditions and measurement results are shown in Table 2.
[0017]
[Table 2]
[0018]
The input amount is approximately proportional to the apparent density of the fly ash after densification in Example 5 and Comparative Example 7, and in Example 5 is approximately twice that in Comparative Example 7. The amount of dioxins before treatment was 3.3 ng-TEC / g, but the amount of dioxins after treatment was 0.018 ng-TEC / g in Example 5 and 0.015 ng-TEC / g in Comparative Example 7. g.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
The incineration fly ash detoxification treatment method according to the present invention is a pretreatment for the detoxification treatment by the fly ash detoxification treatment device, so that the fly ash is consolidated and densified so that the fly ash is treated as it is. Compared with the prior art that has been put into the system, the filling amount per unit volume in the apparatus is greatly increased. Therefore, the cost can be reduced by downsizing the processing apparatus. In addition, it is possible to reliably prevent problems such as generation of dust when handling fly ash, which has been a problem in the prior art, and occurrence of bridges due to fly ash in the input hopper and discharge port of the processing apparatus.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for detoxifying incinerated fly ash according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
(1): Bug filter
(2): Kneading machine
(3) ... Press machine
(4)… Granulator
(5)… Dryer
(6)… Dioxin pyrolysis equipment
Claims (3)
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JP2000081174A JP3780402B2 (en) | 2000-03-23 | 2000-03-23 | Detoxification method for incineration fly ash |
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JP2000081174A JP3780402B2 (en) | 2000-03-23 | 2000-03-23 | Detoxification method for incineration fly ash |
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JPS51140877A (en) * | 1975-05-30 | 1976-12-04 | Japan Steel Works Ltd:The | A method for non-polluting treatment of fly ashes |
JPS5380771A (en) * | 1976-12-24 | 1978-07-17 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Treating drain ash in an electric precipitator of incinerator for municipal garbage |
JPS5765374A (en) * | 1980-10-08 | 1982-04-20 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | Melting method for collected dust |
JPS6048234B2 (en) * | 1981-09-25 | 1985-10-25 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | Solidification treatment method for municipal waste dust |
JPS58139777A (en) * | 1982-02-12 | 1983-08-19 | Ebara Infilco Co Ltd | Solidifying method of collected incinerator dust |
JP3021012B2 (en) * | 1990-09-25 | 2000-03-15 | 三井造船株式会社 | Fly ash treatment method of refuse incinerator |
JP2586251B2 (en) * | 1991-08-26 | 1997-02-26 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | Thermal decomposition method of harmful substances in fly ash discharged from refuse incinerator |
JPH06241434A (en) * | 1993-02-18 | 1994-08-30 | Nippon Steel Corp | Treatment of flying ash generated from waste refus incinerator |
JPH0731957A (en) * | 1993-07-16 | 1995-02-03 | Hideo Tomoyasu | Method for recycling collected ash of petroleum combustion boiler |
JPH0839036A (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-02-13 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Melt treatment apparatus for fly ash |
JP3574905B2 (en) * | 1994-10-18 | 2004-10-06 | 大成建設株式会社 | How to use solidified coal ash |
JP3889818B2 (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 2007-03-07 | 三機工業株式会社 | Method and apparatus for solidifying cement of fly ash |
JPH0947741A (en) * | 1995-08-09 | 1997-02-18 | Chichibu Onoda Cement Corp | Treatment of incineration ash |
JPH0957229A (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 1997-03-04 | Nkk Corp | Treatment of waste incinerating furnace fly ash and device therefor |
JPH11165145A (en) * | 1997-12-05 | 1999-06-22 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | Method for decomposing dioxin in fly-ash |
JP3077800B1 (en) * | 1999-03-26 | 2000-08-14 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Method and apparatus for decomposing dioxins in fly ash using fluidized bed under reducing atmosphere |
JP2001104917A (en) * | 1999-10-13 | 2001-04-17 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Method for treating fly ash |
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