JP3780340B2

JP3780340B2 - Post-seeding treatment method and apparatus

Info

Publication number: JP3780340B2
Application number: JP2002326508A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 仁康高橋; 正裕関; 幸平田坂
Original assignee: 独立行政法人農業・生物系特定産業技術研究機構
Priority date: 2002-11-11
Filing date: 2002-11-11
Publication date: 2006-05-31
Anticipated expiration: 2022-11-11
Also published as: JP2004159517A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えば大豆播種を行う際に、ロータリ耕耘機などの後部に取り付けた播種機の後方において、播種部分が高く、その両側が順次低くなるように山形状に鎮圧する鎮圧輪を設けて、山形状に鎮圧する播種後処理方法及び装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来周知の大豆播種機は、主に播種用の作溝・播種・覆土・鎮圧の行程で作業を行っている。大豆種子は、播種後の降雨により出芽が左右されやすい。このため、播種後に降雨が予想される場合は、播種深さを浅くし、鎮圧を緩くすることで過湿による出芽障害を回避するように設定しているが、天候により大きく左右されるのが現状である。
【０００３】
大豆播種機に限らず一般の播種機において、作溝・播種・覆土後に行われる鎮圧ロール，ローラなどの鎮圧輪による鎮圧作業は、鎮圧の強さが調節可能になっているものもあるが、鎮圧輪の接地面（作用面）は平面状のものがほとんどである。例えば、特許文献１に記載の播種機は、作溝器１６、種子繰出装置６、覆土板１８の後方に播種面鎮圧ローラ１７を配置した播種ユニットＡを複数並設し、これら各播種ユニットＡの後方に、全播種ユニットＡの左右幅範囲の全面を鎮圧する全面鎮圧ローラＢを設けている。前記播種面鎮圧ローラ１７及び全面鎮圧ローラＢの接地面（作用面）は、それぞれ平面状に形成されており、種子繰出装置６により播種された種子を覆土と共に平面状に鎮圧する。
【０００４】
【特許文献１】
特開２００１−１２００１３号公報
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
大豆播種時においても鎮圧輪により平面状に鎮圧されるので、大豆播種位置（跡）が両側より低い溝状となり、播種後に大量の降雨があると播種跡が水路となって種子は湿害を起こしやすく、また、その後の日照による土膜形成による出芽不良を招いている。上記特許文献１では圃場内すべてを全面鎮圧することでそれを防いでいる。
本発明は、上記のような問題を解決するために、従来にはなかった播種後の鎮圧方法及び鎮圧装置を提供することを目的とする。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために本発明は、以下の構成を有することを特徴としている。一つには、耕耘作業に続いて播種作業を行い、該播種作業の後に行う後処理方法であって、前記播種作業の後、播種部分を中心に培土輪で圃場面を土寄せしながら覆土する工程と、該工程の後、前記播種部分の上部が連続的に山形に高く、その両側が順次谷形に低くなるように、前記播種部分上部に山形頂部を位置させた山形鎮圧輪を転動させながら連続して鎮圧することによって山形状に鎮圧する工程と、を有することを特徴とする。また一つには、耕耘装置の後部に連結され、播種機による播種後の後処理を行う播種後処理装置であって、前記播種機による播種部分を中心に圃場面を土寄せしながら覆土する培土輪と、前記播種部分上部に位置する山形頂部と該山形頂部から左右両側に向け径が次第に大きくなる傾斜部と該傾斜部の両側に谷部形成部が形成された山形鎮圧輪とを備え、前記山形鎮圧輪を転動することで、前記播種部分の上部が連続的に山形に高く、その両側が順次谷形に低くなるように、連続的に山形状に鎮圧することを特徴とする。
【０００７】
【作用】
本発明の播種後処理方法及び装置は、播種装置による作溝・播種・覆土後の播種列（大豆種子列）に対して、以下の作用を行う。一つには、大豆種子列の両側部を強く鎮圧し、種子列の両側に排水作用をもつ溝を形成し、降雨時に速やかな種子上部の排水を促す。また一つには、豆種子上部の土壌を山形状に形成し、種子上部の鎮圧を小さくし、降雨時に土壌流出による播種深さを減少させ、出芽率の低下を防ぐ。
【０００８】
また一つには、従来の平面状の鎮圧輪による鎮圧では、土壌中に混入されている麦稈などの多くは水平方向へ向いているが、本発明においては播種部分を山形に形成することにより、麦稈などを垂直及び斜め方向へ立てる働きをし、激しい降雨後の速やかな通気を促す。また一つには、播種後の降雨と日照りによる土膜形成時、従来の平面状の鎮圧では鎮圧部分の端部に沿ってひび割れが起きる場合が多いが、本発明においては山形形成により種子上部の尾根部分に亀裂を生じ、出芽率の低下を防ぐ。
【０００９】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の一実施の形態を、図面を参照にして具体的に説明する。
図１において、符号Ａは播種機で、図示しないロータリ耕耘装置の後部に連結されて耕耘作業に続いて播種作業を行うものである。この播種機Ａには、従来周知の２枚のディスクからなる作溝輪１が設けられ、この作溝輪１の２枚のディスク間に、大豆播種管２の先端部分を臨ませ、作溝輪１により形成された播種溝に播種するようにしている。大豆播種管２の後方にディスクタイプの培土輪３が配設され、播種管２により播種溝に播種された大豆種子に対してほぼ所定深さに覆土する。培土輪３のさらに後方に、本発明に係る山形鎮圧輪４が設けられ、培土輪３により覆土された大豆種子列に対し山形状に鎮圧する。また播種機Ａは、図示しないが施肥装置を設けて、播種と同時に施肥も行うようにしてもよく、また、機体幅方向に複数条（畝）同時作業が行えるように配設されている。
【００１０】
上記山形鎮圧輪４は、図２に詳細に示すように、左右２つの円錐台形の頂部を接合した状態の鼓状のドラムから左右両側に回転軸４ａを突出し、この回転軸４ａを図示省略した支持フレームによりドラムが前後方向に回転するよう軸支している。山形鎮圧輪４の長さ方向中央位置には山形頂部４ｂが形成され、この山形頂部４ｂから左右両側に向けドラムの径が次第に大きくなる傾斜部４ｃが形成され、傾斜部４ｃの両端部に谷部形成部４ｄが形成されている。
【００１１】
この山形鎮圧輪４は、大豆種子が播種・覆土された播種列（畝）に対して転動しながら連続した鎮圧作業を行う。土壌に対して鎮圧作用を行う関係から、山形鎮圧輪４自体にある程度の重量を持たせても良いが。重量を軽くしてバネなどで加圧するようにしても良い。また、その材質は金属でも合成樹脂等何れでもよい。また、この実施例では、播種機Ａが移動するときに鎮圧輪４の表面が土壌と接する接地抵抗により自転する構成であるが、回転軸４ａを動力により駆動して強制回転させるようにしてもよい。また、土壌水分や土質によりドラムの表面に耕耘・整地した土壌が付着しやすい場合には、スクレーパを設けるとよい。さらに、一体成形のドラムに限らず、大豆種子が播種・覆土された列、畝の左右両側から別々のローラ、あるいは土壌押圧手段により山形に鎮圧する構造であってもよい。
【００１２】
本発明の山形鎮圧輪４においては、図３に示すように、ロータリ耕耘装置により耕耘して、（ａ）の麦稈などＣが埋没された耕耘畝Ｂに対して、（ｂ）のように大豆種子Ｓを播種し、覆土後に山形鎮圧輪４により鎮圧する。山形鎮圧輪４は、土壌表面を転動しながら播種列（畝）に対して種子Ｓ上部を連続的に山形Ｄに、両側部を谷形（部）Ｅに成形する。このとき、土壌にすき込まれた麦稈などＣを縦または斜めに立ち上げる。また、（ｃ）に示すように、山形鎮圧輪４による鎮圧後に激しい降雨があった場合は、流出した土壌や雨水Ｆが谷部Ｅへ溜まり、それに伴い種子Ｓ上部は土壌が浅くなり（播種深さが減少し）、出芽率の低下を防ぐ。また、その後の土壌の乾燥により土膜（クラスト）が形成される場合でも、種子Ｓ上部の尾根（山形Ｄ部分）に沿ってひび割れが発生しやすく、出芽率の低下を防ぐ。
【００１３】
【実施例】
２００１年７月１０日に大豆の播種・山形鎮圧を行い、２日後に日雨量２４０ｍｍの激しい降雨により圃場が冠水した条件で、降雨後の播種深さ減少及び大豆種子Ｓ上部でのすき込み麦稈などＣの突出が観察された（図３（ｃ）参照）。山形鎮圧輪４を用いた播種機Ａでの出芽率は播種深さ２．９ｃｍで４１．５％、播種深さ４．２ｃｍで２１．８％と、通常の平形に鎮圧する播種機の出芽率の播種深さ３．０ｃｍで２０．８％、播種深さ４．３ｃｍで１６．１％を上回った（播種条件と出芽率を示す表１参照）。また、図４の播種試験時の畝毎出芽率を見ても、山形鎮圧が平形鎮圧より良好であることが分かる。
【００１４】
【表１】

【００１５】
以上説明したように、本発明の実施形態によれば、前述の構成を有することにより、以下の作用効果を奏することができる。すなわち、大豆播種・覆土の後に大豆種子列の上部を山形に成形し、降雨時に頂部の土壌流出により播種深さが減少し、また両側部を強く鎮圧し、排水作用をもつ溝を形成し、降雨時に速やかな種子上部の排水を促すことで出芽率の低下を防止することができる。さらに、土中の麦稈などを垂直及び斜め方向へ立てる作用で、激しい降雨後の速やかな透水を促すとともに、播種後の降雨と日照りによる土膜形成時、種子上部の尾根部分に亀裂を生じ、出芽の低下を防ぐことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明による山形鎮圧輪を播種機に装着した部分斜視図である。
【図２】山形鎮圧輪の斜視図である。
【図３】耕耘直後の畝斜視図（ａ）、大豆播種、山形鎮圧後の畝斜視図（ｂ）、激しい降雨後の畝斜視図（ｃ）である。
【図４】播種試験時の畝毎出芽率を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
Ａ大豆播種機
１作溝輪
２播種管
３培土輪
４本発明の山形鎮圧輪４ａ回転軸４ｂ山形頂部４ｃ傾斜部４ｄ谷部形成部
Ｂ耕耘畝
Ｓ大豆種子
Ｃ麦桿など
Ｄ山形
Ｅ谷形（部）
Ｆ激しい降雨時に流出した土壌と雨水[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention, for example, when sowing soy is provided with a pressure-reducing wheel that suppresses a mountain shape so that the sowing part is high and the both sides are sequentially lowered at the rear of the sowing machine attached to the rear part such as a rotary tiller. The present invention relates to a post-seeding treatment method and an apparatus that suppresses a mountain shape.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally known soybean seeding machines are mainly working in the process of grooving, sowing, covering, and crushing for sowing. Soybean seeds are susceptible to germination due to rainfall after sowing. For this reason, when rainfall is expected after sowing, the seeding depth is reduced and the pressure is reduced to avoid sprouting damage due to overhumidity. Currently.
[0003]
In general sowing machines as well as soybean sowing machines, there are things that can control the strength of the crushing, such as crushing rolls, rollers, etc. The ground contact surface (working surface) of the pressure wheel is almost flat. For example, the sowing machine described in Patent Document 1 includes a plurality of sowing units A in which seeding surface pressure-reducing rollers 17 are arranged behind the groove producing device 16, the seed feeding device 6, and the covering plate 18, and each sowing unit A is arranged. A full surface pressure-reducing roller B for pressure-reducing the entire right and left width range of the entire sowing unit A is provided at the rear of the rear surface. The grounding surfaces (working surfaces) of the sowing surface pressure-reducing roller 17 and the entire surface pressure-reducing roller B are each formed in a flat shape, and the seeds sowed by the seed feeding device 6 are pressed together with the covering soil in a flat shape.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-120013
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The soy sowing position (traces) is lower than the two sides of the groove when soy sowing, so if there is a lot of rain after sowing, the sowing marks will become a waterway and the seed will be damaged by moisture. It is easy to wake up, and it causes poor budding due to the formation of a soil film by the subsequent sunshine. In the said patent document 1, it is preventing by suppressing the whole field inside.
In order to solve the above-described problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a pressure suppression method and a pressure suppression apparatus after sowing which have not been conventionally available.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is characterized by having the following configuration. One is a post-treatment method that is performed after the sowing work after the plowing work, and after the sowing work, the soil is covered with the cultivating ring around the sowing portion while covering the field scene. And after the step, rolling a mountain- shaped pressure reducing wheel with a chevron top located on the upper part of the sowing part so that the upper part of the sowing part is continuously high in a chevron and both sides are successively lowered in a valley. And a step of crushing into a mountain shape by continuously crushing while pressing. Another one is a sowing post-treatment device that is connected to the rear part of the tilling device and performs post-treatment after sowing by the sowing machine, and covers the soil while laying the field scene around the sowing part by the sowing machine. A ring, a mountain top located at the top of the seeding part, an inclined portion having a diameter gradually increasing from the mountain top toward the left and right sides, and a mountain shaped pressure reducing wheel formed with valley forming portions on both sides of the inclined portion, By rolling the mountain-shaped pressure reducing wheel, the upper portion of the sowing part is continuously high in a mountain shape, and continuously pressed down in a mountain shape so that both sides thereof are successively lower in a valley shape .
[0007]
[Action]
The post-seeding treatment method and apparatus of the present invention perform the following actions on the sowing row (soybean seed row) after grooving, sowing and covering with the sowing device. For one thing, both sides of the soybean seed row are strongly crushed, and grooves with drainage action are formed on both sides of the seed row, facilitating quick drainage of the seed upper part during rainfall. For one thing, the soil above the bean seeds is formed in a mountain shape, reducing the pressure on the top of the seeds, reducing the seeding depth due to soil runoff during rainfall, and preventing decline in the emergence rate.
[0008]
In addition, in the suppression by the conventional planar suppression wheel, most of the wheat straw mixed in the soil is oriented in the horizontal direction, but in the present invention, the sowing part is formed in a mountain shape. It works to stand wheat straw etc. vertically and diagonally, and promotes quick ventilation after heavy rainfall. For one thing, during the formation of soil films due to rainfall and sunshine after sowing, cracks often occur along the edges of the pressure-relieved part in the conventional planar pressure reduction, but in the present invention, the upper part of the seed is Cracks in the ridges of the roots prevent the reduction of the emergence rate.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
In FIG. 1, symbol A is a sowing machine, which is connected to a rear portion of a rotary tiller (not shown) and performs a sowing work following a tilling work. This sowing machine A is provided with a grooved ring 1 composed of two well-known disks, and the tip of the soybean seeding tube 2 faces between the two disks of the grooved ring 1 so that the groove is formed. The seeding grooves formed by the ring 1 are sowed. A disc-type cultivating ring 3 is disposed behind the soybean seeding tube 2 and covers the soybean seed sowed in the seeding groove by the seeding tube 2 to a substantially predetermined depth. Further on the rear side of the cultivating ring 3, a Yamagata pressing wheel 4 according to the present invention is provided, and the soybean seed row covered with the cultivating ring 3 is pressed into a mountain shape. Although not shown, the sowing machine A may be provided with a fertilizer, so that fertilization is performed simultaneously with sowing, and is arranged so that a plurality of strips (同時) can be simultaneously operated in the width direction of the machine.
[0010]
As shown in detail in FIG. 2, the mountain-shaped pressure reducing wheel 4 protrudes from the drum-shaped drum in a state where the tops of the left and right truncated cones are joined to the left and right sides, and the rotation shaft 4 a is not shown. The support frame supports the drum so as to rotate in the front-rear direction. A mountain-shaped peak 4b is formed at the central position in the length direction of the mountain-shaped pressure reducing wheel 4, and inclined portions 4c in which the diameter of the drum gradually increases from the mountain-shaped peak 4b toward the left and right sides, and valleys are formed at both ends of the inclined portion 4c. A part forming part 4d is formed.
[0011]
This Yamagata suppression wheel 4 performs a continuous suppression operation while rolling with respect to the sowing row (soot) on which soybean seeds are sown and covered with soil. The Yamagata pressure wheel 4 itself may be given a certain amount of weight because of the relationship of performing a pressure suppression action on the soil. You may make it lighten and pressurize with a spring etc. The material may be either metal or synthetic resin. In this embodiment, when the seeder A moves, the surface of the pressure-reducing wheel 4 rotates due to the grounding resistance in contact with the soil. However, the rotating shaft 4a is driven by power to be forcibly rotated. Good. In addition, a scraper may be provided when soil cultivated or leveled easily adheres to the drum surface due to soil moisture or soil quality. Furthermore, the structure is not limited to the integrally formed drum, and may be a structure in which soybean seeds are sown and covered with soil, a separate roller from both the left and right sides of the straw, or a structure that is pressed into a mountain shape by soil pressing means.
[0012]
In the Yamagata pressing wheel 4 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, the soybean is cultivated by a rotary cultivator and the soybean B as shown in (b) is cultivated with C buried therein, such as wheat straw (a). Seeds S are sown, and after covering the soil, they are crushed by the Yamagata crushed wheel 4. The Yamagata pressing wheel 4 continuously forms the upper part of the seed S into a mountain shape D and the both side parts into a valley shape (part) E while rolling on the soil surface. At this time, C or the like swallowed into the soil is launched vertically or diagonally. In addition, as shown in (c), when there is heavy rainfall after the suppression by the Yamagata suppression wheel 4, the drained soil and rainwater F accumulate in the valley E, and the soil above the seed S becomes shallow (seeding). Depth is reduced) and prevents the emergence rate from decreasing. Further, even when a soil film (crust) is formed by subsequent drying of the soil, cracks are likely to occur along the ridges (mountain D portion) above the seeds S, thereby preventing a decrease in the germination rate.
[0013]
【Example】
On July 10, 2001, soybean seeding and Yamagata repression were carried out, and after 2 days, the field was flooded by heavy rainfall with a daily rainfall of 240 mm. C protrusions were observed (see FIG. 3C). The germination rate of the seeder A using the Yamagata pressing wheel 4 is 41.5% at a seeding depth of 2.9 cm, and 21.8% at a seeding depth of 4.2 cm. The seeding depth exceeded 20.8% at a seeding depth of 3.0 cm, and exceeded 16.1% at a seeding depth of 4.3 cm (see Table 1 showing seeding conditions and germination rate). Moreover, even if it sees the budding rate per wrinkle at the time of the sowing test of FIG. 4, it turns out that the Yamagata suppression is better than the flat suppression.
[0014]
[Table 1]

[0015]
As described above , according to the embodiment of the present invention, the following effects can be achieved by having the above-described configuration. That is, after soybean sowing and covering soil, the upper part of the soybean seed row is formed into a mountain shape, the seeding depth is reduced due to soil drainage at the top during rain, and both sides are strongly crushed, forming a groove with drainage action, Decreasing the emergence rate can be prevented by promptly draining the upper part of the seed during rainfall. In addition, by raising the straw in the soil vertically and diagonally, it promotes quick water permeability after heavy rain, and at the time of sowing and rain formation after sowing, a crack occurs in the ridge part above the seed, Decrease in budding can be prevented.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of a Yamagata pressure wheel according to the present invention mounted on a seeding machine.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a Yamagata pressure wheel.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a cocoon immediately after plowing (a), a perspective view of a cocoon after sowing of soybeans and suppression of a mountain shape (b), and a perspective view of a cocoon after heavy rainfall (c).
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the per-bud emergence rate during the seeding test.
[Explanation of symbols]
A Soybean seeding machine 1 Groove ring 2 Seeding tube 3 Growing ring 4 Yamagata repressing wheel of the present invention

4a Rotating shaft

4b Mountain top 4c Inclined part 4d Valley forming part B Farming S Soybean seed C Wheat straw etc. D Yamagata E Valley form (Part)
F Soil and rainwater that flowed out during heavy rain

Claims

It is a post-treatment method that is carried out after the sowing work after the sowing work,
After the sowing work, covering the soil with the soil ring around the sowing part while covering the farm scene,
After the step, the upper part of the sowing part is continuously high in a mountain shape , and the both sides of the sowing part are successively lowered in a valley shape while rolling the mountain- shaped pressure reducing wheel with the top of the chevron located on the upper part of the sowing part. And crushing into a mountain shape by crushing,
A post-seeding treatment method characterized by comprising:

It is connected to the rear part of the tillage device, and is a sowing post-treatment device that performs post-treatment after sowing by a sowing machine,
A cultivating ring that covers the soil while putting the field scene around the sowing part by the seeder,
A mountain-shaped top located at the top of the seeding part, an inclined portion having a diameter that gradually increases from the mountain-shaped top toward the left and right sides, and a mountain-shaped pressure reducing wheel in which valley forming portions are formed on both sides of the inclined portion,
By rolling the Yamagata pressure wheel,
An after-seeding treatment apparatus, wherein the sowing part is continuously pressed down into a mountain shape so that the upper part of the sowing part is continuously high in a mountain shape and both sides thereof are successively lowered in a valley shape .