JP3778647B2 - Expansion / contraction shield machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an expansion / contraction type shield machine capable of changing a tunnel width for excavation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, when constructing an underpass for entrances and exits such as ramps and platforms where roads and tracks branch and merge, it is necessary to excavate while gradually expanding or reducing the width of the tunnel. However, there is no conventional shield machine that can gradually change the tunnel width during excavation in this way, use multiple shield machines to drill a wide tunnel and use only the necessary space Was.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in order to excavate a wide tunnel, there is a problem that the economic cost is high, a long working time is required, and there is a lot of waste.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to provide an expansion / contraction shield machine capable of solving the above-described problems and sequentially expanding or reducing the width or height of a tunnel to be excavated.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a cutter head having an excavation surface smaller than the shield main body is disposed at the front portion of the shield main body, and the shield main body is fixed to the fixed body portion. The movable body is configured to be movable on both sides of the body, and is provided with an expansion / contraction driving device capable of changing the width of the shield body by withdrawing / moving the movable body, and the front end is the cutter head. A cutter drive device that constitutes a parallel link manipulator is provided by a plurality of telescopic actuators that are rotatably connected to each other and whose rear end portion is rotatably connected to the fixed body portion of the shield body. The cutter head is configured to excavate a tunnel having a cross section corresponding to the width of the shield body by reciprocating in the space including the plane orthogonal to the shield axis. Than it is.
[0006]
According to the above configuration, the operation stroke of the cutter head by the telescopic actuator of the cutter driving device is changed to expand or reduce the excavation width of the natural ground, and the movable body portion is expanded by the expansion / contraction driving device corresponding to the excavation width. By exiting and retracting and expanding or reducing the width of the shield body, it is possible to excavate a tunnel with a gradually increasing width or a tunnel with a gradually decreasing width. Therefore, it is possible to form a taper-shaped tunnel whose width changes with a single shield machine in one excavation, and to reduce the cost of a taper-shaped tunnel for installing roads and tracks with varying widths in a short time. Can be excavated with.
[0007]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, the shield body is formed in a rectangular cross section, the cutter head is formed in a rectangular shape, and the primary lining segment is assembled to the rear portion of the shield body corresponding to the width of the shield body. A device is provided.
[0008]
According to the above configuration, the width or height of the rectangular cross-section tunnel can be easily expanded or reduced, and particularly when the outer peripheral wall of a large-diameter tunnel is constructed by a plurality of continuous tunnels, the connection with adjacent tunnels is also efficient. It can be done easily.
[0009]
Further, according to the present invention, the cutter head is divided in the direction of expansion / contraction of the shield body, and each cutter head is provided with a cutter driving device that constitutes a parallel link manipulator with a plurality of extendable actuators.
[0010]
According to the above configuration, a tunnel having a large change in width can be excavated by a plurality of cutter heads, and the excavation reaction force can be offset and reduced by relatively driving the plurality of cutter heads. Can stabilize the posture.
[0011]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the parallel link manipulator of the cutter driving device is composed of two sets of eight telescopic actuators in total, and the base end of each group of telescopic actuators is shielded in front view. It is connected to the shield body in the vicinity of the corner of the rectangle that is long in the direction orthogonal to the expansion / contraction direction of the main body, and the tip of two telescopic actuators of each adjacent pair is orthogonal to the expansion / contraction direction of the shield main body in front view Are connected to the cutter head in the vicinity of the corners of the rhombus long in the direction.
[0012]
According to the above configuration, since the cutter head is supported at four locations, the cutter head can be stably supported and the collapse earth pressure can be maintained as compared with the conventional parallel link of 6 sets and 3 sets in total. In addition, the excavation driving force can be uniformly transmitted to the cutter head, and the space in the base end mounting part of the telescopic actuator can be widened, thereby increasing the degree of freedom of arrangement of equipment and members installed inside. be able to. In addition, the base end of the telescopic actuator is connected to the shield body in the vicinity of the rectangular corner, and the tip is connected to the cutter head in the vicinity of the diamond corner, so the cutter head is wide in the direction of expansion and contraction of the shield body. The moving range can be secured and the expansion / contraction width of the shield body can be set wide.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Here, an embodiment of the expansion and contraction type shield machine according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0014]
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a pair of left and right rectangular cutter heads 2, 2 are disposed at the front portion of the shield body 1 having a rectangular cross section. The shield body 1 is composed of a central fixed barrel portion 1A and movable barrel portions 1B and 1B arranged in the fixed barrel portion 1A so as to be freely retractable in the width direction. Thus, there are provided width expansion / contraction cylinders 3 and 3 which are expansion / contraction drive devices capable of changing the width of the shield body 1 between Lw and Ls.
[0015]
That is, the fixed body portion 1A includes a center partition wall 11 that forms a pressure chamber 6 for holding earth pressure, a top wall center plate 12, and a bottom wall center plate 13. The movable body 1B includes a side partition wall 14 slidably disposed on the back surface of the center partition wall 11, a top wall side plate 15 slidably disposed on the top surface of the top wall center plate 12, and a bottom wall center plate. 13 includes a bottom wall side plate 16 and a side wall skin plate 17 slidably disposed on the lower surface of 13. The output ends of the width expanding / contracting cylinders 3 and 3 whose main body is connected to the support block 20 on the back surface of the center partition wall 11 of the fixed body 1A are connected to the side wall skin plate 17 of the movable body 1B. Further, the sliding contact portions of the center partition wall 11 and the side partition wall 14 and the sliding contact portions of the top wall center plate 12, the bottom wall center plate 13, the top wall side plate 15 and the bottom wall side plate 16 are seal members, respectively. A vertical brush 18 shown in FIG. 6 and a wire brush 19 as a tail seal member at the rear portion are provided.
[0016]
As shown in FIGS. 7 to 10, each of the cutter driving devices 4 and 4 of the cutter heads 2 and 2 has a front end portion rotatably connected to the cutter head 2 and a rear end portion of the shield body 1. It is constituted by a parallel link manipulator composed of hydraulic cutter drive cylinders 5A to 5H which are a total of eight sets of four telescopic actuators connected to the center partition wall 11 of the fixed barrel portion 1A in a freely rotatable manner.
[0017]
That is, in the parallel link manipulator constituting the cutter head driving device 4, the base end portions of the eight cutter driving cylinders 5A to 5H are rotated around the corners of the rectangle R which is vertically long when viewed from the center partition wall 11 which is a platform. They are connected via a dynamic coupling 21. Further, the front ends of the cutter driving cylinders 5A to 5H are connected to the back surface of the cutter head 2 serving as an end effector via a rotary joint 22 in the vicinity of the corners of the rhombus D that is vertically long in front view.
[0018]
The operation of the cutter head 2 by the cutter driving device 4 comprising this parallel link manipulator is as shown in FIGS. 12 (a) to 12 (c), where the center C of the cutter head 2 is in a range M indicated by hatching and left and right in front view. A wide operating range can be secured in the direction. Therefore, the optimal operating range m for excavation of a tunnel having a horizontally long rectangular cross section can be secured by the two sets of cutter driving devices 4 and 4 in which the cutter driving cylinders 5A to 5H are arranged as described above.
[0019]
Further, the rotary joints 21 and 22 of the cutter drive cylinders 5A to 5H may be spherical joints or universal joints. However, in this embodiment, the rotational range is wide in the left-right direction and narrow in the vertical direction. In addition, a spherical bushing joint is used. That is, a pair of fixed brackets 24 project from the pressure bulkhead 4 or the attachment member 23 of the cutter head 2, and a movable bracket 25 projecting between the fixed brackets 24 projects from the cutter drive cylinders 5 </ b> A to 5 </ b> H. Yes. A spherical bush 26 is rotatably fitted in a spherical recess 25a formed in the movable bracket 25, and a pin hole 26a is formed in the spherical bush 26. A support pin 27 is passed through a pin hole of the fixed bracket 24 and a pin hole 26a of the spherical bush 26, and the pressure bulkhead 4 or the cutter head 2 and the cutter driving cylinders 5A to 5H are connected. Accordingly, the cutter driving cylinders 5A to 5H can rotate in a wide range in the left-right direction around the support pin 27, and rotate in a narrow range in the vertical direction within the plane including the axis of the support pin 27 by the spherical bush 26. be able to.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 3, the cutter head 2 is formed by arranging a plurality of columnar frames 32 in a rectangular frame frame 31 so as to be connected in an oblique lattice pattern at predetermined intervals. A through space surrounded by the frame 32 is formed in the earth and sand intake 33. A large number of cutter bits 34 and 35 project from the outer periphery of the frame frame 31 and the front surface of the columnar frame 32 at predetermined intervals.
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 1, a mud pipe 7 </ b> A and a mud pipe 7 </ b> B are penetrated and connected to the center partition wall 11 of the shield body 1, and an agitator 8 for earth and sand agitation is provided. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, an erector device 9 for assembling the segment S is disposed at the rear of the shield body. In this erector device 9, a revolving frame 43, which can be swung around a shield axis, is disposed on a movable frame 42 which is guided by an upper and lower rail 41 and can be shifted, and a segment is disposed on the revolving frame 43 via a revolving link arm 44. A holding device 45 is provided on the outer peripheral side so as to be freely retractable. Then, it is possible to construct a primary lining body that gradually expands or contracts by combining a plurality of types of segments S corresponding to the width of the shield body 1 to be expanded or contracted. In addition, a plurality of propulsion jacks 10 for propelling the shield main body 1 using the existing segment S assembled by the erector device 9 as a reaction force receiver are provided at the rear part of the shield main body 1. The propulsion jack 10 is added or removed as necessary in accordance with the expansion / contraction width of the shield body 1.
[0022]
In the above configuration, when excavating a tunnel having a narrow width to a wide width, the hydraulic oil supplied and discharged from the hydraulic pump is controlled by a cutter drive control device (not shown), and the cutter drive cylinders 5A to 5H are controlled to expand and contract. The head 2.2 is driven to reciprocate in the left-right direction and the up-down direction in a plane orthogonal to the shield axis, and excavates natural ground by the cutter bits 34 and 35. The excavation reaction force at this time is offset and attenuated by the shield body 1 via the cutter driving cylinders 5A to 5H by driving the cutter heads 2 and 2 in the relative directions. Then, the excavated sediment is taken into the pressure chamber 6 from the sediment intake 33, mixed with the mud supplied from the mud pipe 7A and stirred by the agitator 8 to give appropriate fluidity, and then the mud pipe It is discharged from 7B. Also, the cutter heads 2 and 2 are operated to move in parallel in the front-rear direction according to the soil quality and excavation conditions, and to tilt with respect to the plane perpendicular to the shield axis by controlling the expansion and contraction of the cutter driving cylinders 5A to 5H. It is possible to excavate well by inserting.
[0023]
Then, the drive stroke of the cutter heads 2 and 2 is gradually widened outward to dig a wide tunnel, and the widening / contracting cylinder is advanced in accordance with the tunnel width to move the movable body portions 1B and 1B outward. Make it protrude. Then, the segment S is assembled according to the tunnel width by the erector device 9 to perform primary lining, and the propulsion jack 10 is advanced by using the assembled segment S as a reaction force receiver to advance the shield body 1. This is repeated to excavate a tunnel that gradually becomes wider. Further, when the movable body portions 1B and 1B are protruded by a predetermined amount, the propulsion jack 10 is newly incorporated.
[0024]
In addition, when excavating a tunnel having a wide width to a narrow width, the excavation can be performed in the reverse procedure. In addition, it is possible to easily cope with a tunnel where the excavation width widens or narrows along the way, and continuous excavation is possible.
[0025]
According to the above-described embodiment, the fixed barrel portion 1A and the movable barrel portions 2B and 2B that are slidably fitted on both sides of the fixed barrel portion 1A can be expanded and reduced by the width expanding / contracting cylinder 3. A pair of left and right cutter heads 2 and 2 are arranged at the front part of the shield body 1, and each cutter head 2 is driven by cutter drive devices 4 and 4 constituting a parallel link manipulator by eight cutter drive cylinders 5A to 5H. Since the cutter driving device 4 controls the driving stroke of each cutter head 2 to change the excavation width of the tunnel, the movable barrels 1B and 1B are moved in and out according to the excavation width. It is possible to continuously excavate a tunnel whose width changes gradually.
[0026]
Further, the excavation reaction force can be offset by driving the pair of left and right cutter heads 2 and 2 in the relative direction to excavate the natural ground, so that the posture of the shield body 1 can be stabilized. Further, since the parallel link manipulator is configured with eight cutter driving cylinders 5A to 5H of the cutter driving device 4, the rectangular cutter head 2 can be stably supported and transmitted with power at four locations, and the cutter driving cylinder can be used. The space of the center partition wall 11 can be made large within the attachment positions of the base end portions of 5A to 5H, and the degree of freedom of installation of the supply / discharge mud pipes 7A, 7B, the agitator 8, and the like can be expanded.
[0027]
Furthermore, the base ends of the cutter drive cylinders 5A to 5H are connected to the center partition wall 11 in the vicinity of the corner of the vertically long rectangle R, and the tip is positioned in the vicinity of the corner of the rhombus D that is vertically long when viewed from the back of the cutter head 2. Since they are connected, the operating range M of the cutter head 2 can be widely secured in the left-right direction when viewed from the front, and the optimal operating range m for excavation of a tunnel having a horizontally long rectangular cross section can be secured.
[0028]
In addition, since the cutter head 2 is formed in a plate shape with the rectangular frame frame 31 and the columnar frame 32 combined in a lattice shape, and the earth and sand intake port 33 is formed uniformly, the necessary strength over the entire surface with a simple structure. Can be ensured and the intake 33 for excavating earth and sand can be arranged uniformly, and even if the cutter head 2 excavates natural ground by a reciprocating motion with a small stroke, the excavating earth and sand can be reliably taken in and discharged. .
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the operation stroke of the cutter head by the telescopic actuator of the cutter driving device is changed to expand or reduce the excavation width of the natural ground. Corresponding to the above, by expanding and contracting the width of the shield body by moving the movable body part out and back by the expansion / contraction driving device, it is possible to excavate a tunnel having a gradually widened width or a tunnel having a gradually narrowed width. Therefore, it is possible to form a tunnel whose width changes in a taper shape with a single shield machine, and to reduce the cost of a taper tunnel for installing roads and tracks of varying width in a short time. Can be excavated with.
[0030]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the width or height of the rectangular cross-section tunnel can be easily expanded or reduced, and the outer peripheral wall of the large-diameter tunnel is constructed, so that the connection with the adjacent tunnel is good. The tunnel can be excavated efficiently.
[0031]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, a plurality of cutter heads can excavate a tunnel having a large change in lateral width or vertical width, and the plurality of cutter heads are relatively driven to cancel excavation reaction force. And can stabilize the posture of the shield body.
[0032]
According to the invention described in claim 4, since the cutter head is supported at four positions, the cutter head can be stably supported by two sets in one set as compared with the conventional parallel link having six sets in total. While maintaining the collapsed earth pressure, it is possible to transmit the excavation driving force uniformly to the cutter head, and further widen the space in the base end mounting part of the telescopic actuator, and the arrangement of equipment and members installed inside The degree of freedom can be expanded. In addition, the base end of the telescopic actuator is connected to the shield body in the vicinity of the rectangular corner, and the tip is connected to the cutter head in the vicinity of the diamond corner, so the cutter head is wide in the direction of expansion and contraction of the shield body. The moving range can be secured and the expansion / contraction width of the shield body can be set wide.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of an expansion / contraction shield machine according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway plan view of the shield machine.
FIG. 3 is a front view of the shield machine.
FIG. 4 is a rear view of the shield machine.
FIG. 5 is a rear view when the shield machine is widened.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view showing a vertical brush of the shield machine.
FIG. 7 is a front view showing a cutter driving device of the shield machine.
FIG. 8 is a front view at the time of widening showing the cutter driving device of the shield machine.
FIG. 9 is a plan sectional view showing a cutter driving device of the shield machine.
FIG. 10 is a plan sectional view at the time of widening showing the cutter driving device of the shield machine.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a rotary joint of a cutter driving device of the shield machine.
FIGS. 12A to 12C are explanatory diagrams of the operation range of the cutter driving device, respectively, FIG. 12A is a front view, FIG. 12B is a bottom view, and FIG. 12C is a side view;
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shield main body 1A Fixed trunk | drum 1B Movable trunk | drum 2 Cutter head 3 Width expansion / contraction cylinder 4 Cutter drive device 5A-5H Cutter drive cylinder 6 Pressure chamber 7A Mud pipe 7B Drain pipe 9 Elector device 10 Propulsion jack 11 Center partition 21 times Dynamic coupling 22 Rotary coupling 31 Rectangular frame 32 Columnar frame 33 Sediment intake 34, 35 Cutter bit

Claims (4)

A cutter head having an excavation surface smaller than the shield body is arranged at the front of the shield body,
The shield body is composed of a fixed barrel and movable barrels that can be freely retracted on both sides of the fixed barrel, and the shield body can be moved back and forth to change the width of the shield body. A drive device,
Provided is a cutter driving device that constitutes a parallel link manipulator with a plurality of telescopic actuators whose front end is rotatably connected to the cutter head and whose rear end is rotatably connected to the fixed body of the shield body. ,
An expansion and contraction type characterized in that the cutter head is reciprocated in a space including a plane orthogonal to the shield axis by this cutter driving device, thereby excavating a tunnel having a cross section corresponding to the width of the shield body. Shield machine. The shield body is formed in a rectangular cross section, the cutter head is formed in a rectangular shape, and an erector device for assembling a primary lining segment corresponding to the width of the shield body is provided at the rear of the shield body. The expansion / contraction type shield machine according to claim 1. The expansion / contraction type shield machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cutter head is divided in the direction of expansion / contraction of the shield body, and each cutter head is provided with a cutter driving device. The parallel link manipulator of the cutter driving device is composed of two sets, eight sets in total, four sets of telescopic actuators, and the base end of each set of telescopic actuators is in a direction perpendicular to the expansion / contraction direction of the shield body in front view. The corner position of the rhombus that is connected to the shield body near the corner of the long rectangular shape and that is long in the direction perpendicular to the direction of expansion and contraction of the shield body when viewed from the front at the end of two telescopic actuators of each adjacent pair The expansion / contraction-type shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the expansion and contraction shield machine is connected to a cutter head in the vicinity.

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