JP3756988B2 - Combustion equipment - Google Patents

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JP3756988B2
JP3756988B2 JP13953096A JP13953096A JP3756988B2 JP 3756988 B2 JP3756988 B2 JP 3756988B2 JP 13953096 A JP13953096 A JP 13953096A JP 13953096 A JP13953096 A JP 13953096A JP 3756988 B2 JP3756988 B2 JP 3756988B2
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hot water
temperature
reference value
water supply
valve
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JPH09303872A (en
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寿久 斉藤
直行 竹下
和浩 秋庭
喜久雄 岡本
享 和泉沢
健生 山口
久恭 渡辺
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株式会社ガスター
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Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は給水通路より導かれる水を給湯バーナ燃焼により加熱して給湯通路へ流出する給湯熱交換器を備えた燃焼機器に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
燃焼機器として代表的な給湯器には、周知のように、給湯熱交換器と給湯バーナが設けられ、給湯熱交換器の入側には給水通路が、出側には給湯通路がそれぞれ接続され、給湯通路は台所等の給湯栓へ導かれている。給湯熱交換器は、給湯栓が開けられると、水供給源から給水通路を介して導かれた水を給湯バーナの給湯燃焼の熱を利用して加熱し、この加熱した湯を給湯通路を通し給湯栓を介して出湯する。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、周知のように、給湯栓の閉栓後つまり給湯停止後（止湯後）、給湯熱交換器内に滞留した湯は、図３の実線カーブＡに示すように、給湯停止後すぐに後沸き（給湯熱交換器の保有熱量が給湯熱交換器の滞留湯に伝わって滞留湯温が上昇する現象）によって止湯前の給湯熱交換器湯温より高い湯温（オーバーシュート）の湯となる。このオーバーシュートの湯が給湯栓が開けられて給湯熱交換器から流れ出ると、湯の利用者が定めた給湯設定温度より高めの湯が出湯し湯の利用者に不快感を与えてしまうという問題が生じる。
【０００４】
上記問題を解決するために、様々な手段が提案されているが、簡単な構成でもって出湯時の高温出湯を防止することができる満足すべき燃焼機器は今だ得られていない。
【０００５】
本発明は上記課題を解決するためになされたものであり、その目的は、簡単な構成で、出湯開始時の高温出湯を確実に防止することができる燃焼機器を提供することにある。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明は次のような構成をもって前記課題を解決する手段としている。すなわち、第１の発明は、給水通路より導かれる水を給湯バーナ燃焼の熱を利用して加熱し給湯通路へ流出する給湯熱交換器と、この給湯熱交換器の入側の給水通路と出側の給湯通路を短絡するバイパス通路と、該バイパス通路の開閉を行うバイパス通路開閉弁と、給水通路の水の温度を検出する入水温度検出手段と、給湯熱交換器の出側の湯水温度を検出する給湯熱交換器出側湯温センサとを有する燃焼機器において、給湯熱交換器出側湯温センサが検出した給湯熱交換器の実測出側湯温を暫定取り込み基準値として取り込む暫定取り込み基準値設定部と；予め定められた給湯設定温度の情報に基づき又はこの給湯設定温度と入水温度検出手段が検出した検出入水温との情報に基づき、バイパス通路開閉弁が閉弁していると仮定したときの出湯湯温が給湯設定温度になるための給湯熱交換器の出側の湯温を求め、この求めた湯温を暫定演算基準値として設定する暫定演算基準値設定部と；この暫定演算基準値設定部が設定した暫定演算基準値と前記暫定取り込み基準値設定部が設定した暫定取り込み基準値を比較し、暫定取り込み基準値が暫定演算基準値より予め定めた許容範囲を外れていると判断したときには暫定演算基準値を確定基準値として決定し、それ以外のときには暫定取り込み基準値を確定基準値として決定する確定基準値決定部と；この確定基準値決定部が決定した確定基準値に基づき予め定めた条件の下でバイパス通路開閉弁の開閉制御を行うバイパス通路開閉弁開閉制御部と；を有する構成をもって前記課題を解決する手段としている。
【０００７】
第２の発明は、給水通路より導かれる水を給湯バーナ燃焼の熱を利用して加熱し給湯通路へ流出する給湯熱交換器と、この給湯熱交換器の入側の給水通路と出側の給湯通路を短絡するバイパス通路と、該バイパス通路の開閉を行うバイパス通路開閉弁と、給水通路の水の温度を検出する入水温度検出手段と、給湯熱交換器の出側の湯水温度を検出する給湯熱交換器出側湯温センサと、給湯温度を設定するための給湯温度設定手段とを有する燃焼機器において、給湯バーナの給湯燃焼の停止時に給湯熱交換器出側湯温センサが検出した給湯熱交換器の実測出側湯温を暫定取り込み基準値として取り込む暫定取り込み基準値設定部と；予め定めた時間間隔で給湯温度設定手段に設定されている給湯設定温度を取り込み、この給湯設定温度の情報に基づき又はこの給湯設定温度と入水温度検出手段が検出した検出入水温との情報に基づき、バイパス通路開閉弁が閉弁していると仮定したときの出湯湯温が給湯設定温度になるための給湯熱交換器の出側の湯温を求め、この求めた湯温を暫定演算基準値として設定する暫定演算基準値設定部と；この暫定演算基準値設定部が設定した暫定演算基準値と前記暫定取り込み基準値設定部が設定した暫定取り込み基準値を比較し、暫定取り込み基準値が暫定演算基準値より予め定めた許容範囲を外れていると判断したときには暫定演算基準値を確定基準値として決定し、それ以外のときには暫定取り込み基準値を確定基準値として決定する確定基準値決定部と；この確定基準値決定部が決定した確定基準値より予め定めた第１の嵩上げ温度だけ高い開弁温度と、前記第１の嵩上げ温度より小さい予め定めた第２の嵩上げ温度だけ前記確定基準値より高い閉弁温度とを求める開弁・閉弁温度算出部と；この開弁・閉弁温度算出部が求めた開弁温度と閉弁温度が格納されるデータ格納部と；出湯が開始された後に給湯熱交換器出側湯温センサの実測出側湯温と前記データ格納部に格納されている温度データを比較し、実測出側湯温が開弁温度以上であると判断したときにバイパス通路開閉弁への開弁信号を出力してバイパス通路開閉弁を開弁させ、実測出側湯温が閉弁温度以下であると判断したときにバイパス通路開閉弁への閉弁信号を出力するバイパス通路開閉弁開閉制御部と；を有する構成をもって前記課題を解決する手段としている。
【０００８】
第３の発明は、上記第２の発明の構成に加えて、確定基準値決定部の確定基準値決定動作により決定された確定基準値のデータがあるか否かを判断する確定基準値有無判断部と；この確定基準値有無判断部が確定基準値がないと判断したときには暫定演算基準値設定部が求めた暫定演算基準値を確定基準値として設定する初回確定基準値設定部と；を設ける構成をもって前記課題を解決する手段としている。
【０００９】
第４の発明は、上記第２又は第３の発明の構成に加えて、出湯開始後にバイパス通路開閉弁の開・閉状態を監視する開閉状態監視部と；この開閉状態監視部の情報に基づき、バイパス通路開閉弁が開弁状態にあると検知している間に給湯設定温度が変更されたか否かを監視する給湯設定温度監視部と；が設けられ、バイパス通路開閉弁が開弁しているときに給湯設定温度が変更になった場合には暫定演算基準値設定部の暫定演算基準値設定動作と確定基準値決定部の確定基準値決定動作と開弁・閉弁温度算出部の開弁・閉弁温度算出動作が再度行われる構成をもって前記課題を解決する手段としている。
【００１０】
第５の発明は、上記第２又は第３又は第４の発明を構成する給湯熱交換器の給水通路と、給湯熱交換器の給湯通路を短絡する開閉弁を持たない常時バイパス通路が設けられ、暫定演算基準値設定部は入水温度検出手段が検出した検出入水温と、給湯温度設定手段に設定されている給湯設定温度と、予め定まる給湯熱交換器の流量と常時バイパス通路の流量の流量比に基づき、バイパス通路開閉弁が閉弁していると仮定したときの出湯湯温が給湯設定温度になるための給湯熱交換器の出側の湯温を求め、この求めた湯温を暫定演算基準値として設定する構成をもって前記課題を解決する手段としている。
【００１１】
上記構成の本発明において、例えば、暫定取り込み基準値設定部は給湯バーナの給湯燃焼停止時に給湯熱交換器出側湯温センサが検出した給湯熱交換器の実測出側湯温を暫定取り込み基準値として取り込む。暫定演算基準値設定部は、予め定めた時間間隔で給湯設定温度を取り込み、この給湯設定温度の情報を用いて出湯湯温が給湯設定温度になるための給湯熱交換器の出側の湯温をバイパス通路開閉弁が閉弁していると仮定した条件のもとで求め、この求めた湯温を暫定演算基準値として決定する。確定基準値決定部は、その暫定演算基準値と前記暫定取り込み基準値を比較し、暫定取り込み基準値が暫定演算基準値より予め定めた許容範囲を外れていると判断したときには暫定演算基準値を確定基準値として決定し、それ以外のときには暫定取り込み基準値を確定基準値として決定する。
【００１２】
開弁・閉弁温度算出部は、上記確定基準値決定部が決定した確定基準値に予め定めた第１の嵩上げ温度を加算して開弁温度を求め、また、上記確定基準値に予め定めた第２の嵩上げ温度を加算して閉弁温度を求め、それら開弁温度と閉弁温度はデータ格納部に格納される。
【００１３】
バイパス通路開閉弁開閉制御部は、出湯開始後に、給湯熱交換器の実測出側湯温と上記データ格納部の温度データを比較し、実測出側湯温が開弁温度以上であると判断したときにバイパス通路開閉弁への開弁信号を出力し、高温出湯を防止するためにバイパス通路開閉弁を開弁させ、そのバイパス通路開閉弁の開弁期間中に、実測出側湯温が閉弁温度以下であると判断したときにバイパス通路開閉弁を閉弁しても高温出湯の虞れはなくなったとしてバイパス通路開閉弁への閉弁信号を出力する。
【００１４】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明に係る実施の形態例を図面に基づき説明する。以下に説明する実施の形態例の燃焼機器は、本発明者らが試作検討している図４の単機能給湯器や、図５の複合給湯器や、図６の多機能給湯器や、図７の一缶二水構成の給湯器を対象にしている。
【００１５】
図４の給湯器には給湯熱交換器１と図示されていない給湯バーナが設けられ、この給湯熱交換器１の入側には給水通路３が接続され、出側には給湯通路４が接続されており、給湯通路４は台所等の給湯栓19へ導かれている。前記給湯熱交換器１には入側の給水通路３と出側の給湯通路４を短絡する開閉弁を持たない常時バイパス通路５が並設され、この常時バイパス通路５は給湯熱交換器１側に流れる流量と常時バイパス通路５側に流れる流量の流量比が管路抵抗により予め定めた流量比（例えば７対３〜８対２）となるように形成されている。
【００１６】
また、前記常時バイパス通路出側接続部Ｘより下流側の給湯通路４と、常時バイパス通路入側接続部Ｙより上流側の給水通路３とを短絡するバイパス通路８が形成されている。このバイパス通路８には該通路の開閉を行うバイパス通路開閉弁であるバイパス弁10が介設されている。上記常時バイパス通路出側接続部Ｚより下流側の給湯通路４には流量を開弁量により制御する流量制御弁７が設けられている。
【００１７】
また、この給湯器には該給湯器の運転動作を制御する制御装置20が設けられ、この制御装置20にはリモコン18が接続されている。リモコン18には給湯器の利用者が給湯温度を設定するための給湯温度設定手段21が形成されている。
【００１８】
なお、図中、12は水供給源から給水通路３を介して導かれた入水流量を検出するための流量検出センサを示し、13は給水通路３の入水の温度を検出するためのサーミスタ等の入水温度検出手段である入水温度センサを示し、14は給湯熱交換器１の出側の湯水の温度を検出するためのサーミスタ等の給湯熱交換器出側湯温センサである出側湯温センサを示すものである。
【００１９】
図５の複合給湯器は、図４に示す給湯器の構成に、湯張り機能や、高温差し湯機能や、追い焚き機能等の風呂機能を加えた構成を有するものである。図５に示すように、この複合給湯器は、図４に示す給湯システム構成に加えて、図示されていない風呂バーナと、浴槽水を循環ポンプ28の駆動により導入して風呂バーナの燃焼の熱を利用し追い焚き熱交換器26で加熱し浴槽24へ戻す追い焚き循環路27と、この追い焚き循環路27と給湯通路４を接続する湯張り通路30と、該通路の開閉を行う注湯制御弁22とを有しており、例えば、注湯制御弁22を開け、給湯熱交換器１で温められた湯を湯張り通路30と追い焚き循環路27を介して浴槽24へ落とし込み風呂の湯張りを行ったり、同様にして高温差し湯を行ったり、循環ポンプ28を駆動し、浴槽水を追い焚き循環路27で循環させると共に風呂バーナ燃焼の熱を利用して追い焚き熱交換器26で加熱することで風呂の追い焚きを行うことができるものである。
【００２０】
図６の多機能給湯器は図４に示す給湯器の構成に風呂の湯張り機能や高温差し湯機能を加えた構成を有するものである。同図に示すように、この給湯器の給湯通路４には通路23の一端側が接続され、この通路23の他端側は電磁弁等の注湯制御弁22を介して浴槽24へ導かれており、例えば、注湯制御弁22を開け、給湯バーナ燃焼により温められた湯を通路23を通して浴槽24へ導くことにより湯張りや高温差し湯が行われる。
【００２１】
図７の一缶二水構成の給湯器は、図４に示す給湯器の構成に、湯張り機能や、高温差し湯機能や、追い焚き機能等の風呂機能の構成を加えたものであり、給湯バーナが風呂バーナを兼用し、給湯熱交換器１には給湯用の湯水が流れる給湯用管路47と浴槽循環水が流れる追い焚き用管路48が形成されている。給湯用管路47の入側には給水通路３が、出側には給湯通路４がそれぞれ接続され、前記追い焚き用管路48は浴槽24の湯水を循環するための追い焚き循環路27に介設されている。
【００２２】
上記一缶二水構成の給湯器は、例えば、給湯栓19が開けられると、給湯バーナの給湯燃焼を行って、給水通路３より導かれた水を給湯熱交換器１で加熱し、その湯を給湯通路４を通し給湯栓19を介して出湯する給湯運転を行う。また、この給湯器は、例えば、循環ポンプ28を駆動させ、浴槽24の水を追い焚き循環路27で循環させると共に、給湯バーナの追い焚き燃焼を行って加熱し追い焚き単独運転を行う。
【００２３】
上記図４〜図７の各給湯器の制御装置20には本発明において特有な高温出湯防止手段が設けられている。
【００２４】
図１には高温出湯防止手段25を備えた制御装置20の主要構成の一例が示されており、この制御装置20は燃焼制御部36と高温出湯防止手段25を有して構成されている。上記燃焼制御部36は給湯や湯張りや高温差し湯や追い焚き等の運転動作を制御するもので、その制御構成は前述したのでその説明は省略する。
【００２５】
高温出湯防止手段25は、サンプリング部35と、暫定取り込み基準値設定部であるＳA 設定部37と、暫定演算基準値設定部であるＳB 設定部38と、データ格納部40と、確定基準値決定部であるＳS 決定部41と、確定基準値有無判断部であるＳS 有無判断部42と、給湯設定温度監視部であるＴS 監視部43と、開閉状態監視部44と、バイパス通路開閉弁開閉制御部である開閉制御部45と、開弁・閉弁温度算出部であるＴOP・ＴCL算出部46と、初回確定基準値設定部である初回ＳS 設定部50とを有して構成されており、この高温出湯防止手段25は出湯開始時の高温出湯を確実に防止するためにバイパス弁10の開閉制御を精度良く行うものである。
【００２６】
サンプリング部35は予め定めたサンプリング時間間隔（例えば、１秒間隔）を設定するタイマ（図示せず）を内蔵しており、このタイマによって設定されたサンプリング時間間隔毎に、入水温度センサ13や出側湯温センサ14等の様々なセンサ出力や、リモコン18の情報（例えば、給湯温度設定手段21に設定されている給湯設定温度）をサンプリングする。
【００２７】
ＳA 設定部37は、燃焼制御部36の制御動作の情報から給湯バーナの給湯燃焼が停止したと検知したときに、サンプリング部35がサンプリングした出側湯温センサ14の実測出側湯温を取り込み、この実測出側湯温を暫定取り込み基準値ＳA として設定し、その暫定取り込み基準値ＳA をデータ格納部40に格納する。
【００２８】
データ格納部40は記憶装置により形成されており、上記ＳA 設定部37が取り込んだ暫定取り込み基準値ＳA を記憶する。なお、データ格納部40へ暫定取り込み基準値ＳA を記憶させる手法には様々な手法が考えられるが、この実施の形態例では、新たな暫定取り込み基準値ＳA が記憶されるときに前回の給湯停止時の暫定取り込み基準値ＳA ′が自動消去され、そのメモリ位置に新たな暫定取り込み基準値ＳA が書き込まれるようになっており、データ格納部40が記憶容量不足になり新たなデータを記憶できなくなるという問題を回避する構成となっている。
【００２９】
ＳB 設定部38は読み出し専用あるいは読み出しと書き込みが自在の不揮発性記憶装置で構成されたメモリ（図示せず）を内蔵しており、このメモリには次に示すＳB 算出演算式データが予め格納されている。このＳB 算出演算式データはバイパス通路８のバイパス弁10が閉弁している状態で出湯湯温が給湯設定温度となるための給湯熱交換器１の出側湯温ＳB を演算検出するためのデータであり、本実施の形態例では、下記の（１）式がＳB 算出演算式データとして内蔵メモリに格納されている。
【００３０】
ＳB ＝（Ｔs −（１−ｍ）Ｔ1 ）／ｍ・・・・・（１）
【００３１】
上記（１）式に示すＴs は給湯設定温度を表し、Ｔ1 は入水温度を表し、ｍは総入水流量に対する予め定めた給湯熱交換器１の流量比（０＜ｍ＜１）を表すもので、上記（１）式は次のようにして導き出された。
【００３２】
すなわち、出湯湯温が給湯設定温度となるためには、給水通路３より導かれた総入水流量Ｑ0 の水を入水温Ｔ1 から給湯設定温度Ｔs まで上昇させるのに必要な熱量Ｊ0 （Ｊ0 ＝（Ｔs −Ｔ1 ）・Ｑ0 ・Ｃ（ただしＣは水の比熱））と、上記総入水流量Ｑ0 のうちの給湯熱交換器１を流れる流量ＱHE（ＱHE＝ｍ・Ｑ0 ）の水を入水温Ｔ1 から前記給湯熱交換器１の出側湯温ＳB まで上昇させるのに必要な熱量ＪHE（ＪHE＝（ＳB −Ｔ1 ）・ＱHE・Ｃ＝（ＳB −Ｔ1 ）・ｍ・Ｑ0 ・Ｃ）とが等しくなければならないという関係（（Ｔs −Ｔ1 ）・Ｑ0 ・Ｃ＝（ＳB −Ｔ1 ）・ｍ・Ｑ0 ・Ｃ）から前記（１）式は導き出された。
【００３３】
前記（１）式のＴs にリモコン18の給湯設定手段21の給湯設定温度を、Ｔ1 に入水温度センサ13の検出入水温を、ｍに予め定められている総入水流量に対する給湯熱交換器１の流量比（例えば、バイパス弁10が閉弁している状態では入水は給湯熱交換器１側と常時バイパス通路５側に分岐して流れ、その給湯熱交換器１の流量と常時バイパス通路５の流量の流量比は管路抵抗により予め定まるので、その流量比が、例えば、0.73対0.27である場合にはｍ＝0.73と予め定められる）をそれぞれ代入し（１）式に従って演算を行うことによって、出湯湯温が給湯設定温度ＴS になるための給湯熱交換器１の出側湯温ＳB を算出することができる。
【００３４】
ＳB 設定部38は、給湯バーナの給湯燃焼が停止した以降に、上記内蔵メモリからＳB 算出演算式データを読み出し、また、サンプリング35が給湯温度設定手段21に設定されている給湯設定温度ＴS および入水温度センサ13の検出入水温Ｔ1 をサンプリングする度に、それら給湯設定温度ＴS と検出入水温Ｔ1 を取り込み、給湯設定温度ＴS と検出入水温Ｔ1 と前記ＳB 算出演算式データに基づいて、出湯湯温が給湯設定温度ＴS になるための給湯熱交換器１の出側湯温ＳB を算出し、この算出した出側湯温を暫定演算基準値ＳB と設定し、この暫定演算基準値ＳB を時々刻々ＳS 決定部41へ出力する。
【００３５】
ＳS 決定部41は、給湯バーナの給湯燃焼が停止した後に、データ格納部40から前記暫定取り込み基準値ＳA を読み出す。そして、ＳB 設定部38で求められた暫定演算基準値ＳB を受け取る度に、その暫定演算基準値ＳB と上記暫定取り込み基準値ＳA を比較し、暫定取り込み基準値ＳA が暫定演算基準値ＳB より予め定めた許容範囲（例えば±５℃）を外れていると判断したときには暫定演算基準値ＳB を確定基準値ＳS と決定する。
【００３６】
それ以外のときには、暫定取り込み基準値ＳA を確定基準値ＳS と決定する。そして、このように決定した確定基準値ＳS をデータ格納部40へ出力してデータ格納部40に格納させる。なお、データ格納部40に確定基準値ＳS が書き込まれるときには、その確定基準値ＳS より前にデータ格納部40に記憶されていた確定基準値ＳS ′が自動消去され新たな確定基準値ＳS に更新される。
【００３７】
ＴOP・ＴCL算出部46は読み出し専用あるいは読み出しと書き込み自在の不揮発性記憶装置で構成されるメモリ（図示せず）を内蔵しており、このメモリには予めＴOP算出演算式データ（ＴOP＝ＳS ＋α）およびＴCL算出演算式データ（ＴCL＝ＳS ＋β）が格納されている。ＴOP・ＴCL算出部46は、燃焼制御部36の制御動作の情報により出湯が開始されたと検知したときに、前記データ格納部40から確定基準値ＳS を読み出し、この確定基準値ＳS と、上記ＴOP算出演算式データおよびＴCL算出演算式データとに基づき、開弁温度ＴOPと閉弁温度ＴCLを演算算出し、求めた開弁温度ＴOPと閉弁温度ＴCLをデータ格納部40に格納する。
【００３８】
なお、上記ＴOP算出演算式データに示すαは第１の嵩上げ温度を表し、予め定められる定数（例えば、３℃）であり、また、ＴCL算出演算式データに示すβは第２の嵩上げ温度を表し、上記αより小さい予め定められる定数（例えば、２℃）である。また、算出した開弁温度ＴOPと閉弁温度ＴCLをデータ格納部40に書き込むときには、その開弁温度ＴOPと閉弁温度ＴCLより前に記憶されていた開弁温度ＴOP′と閉弁温度ＴCL′は自動消去され新たな開弁温度ＴOPと閉弁温度ＴCLに更新される。
【００３９】
開閉制御部45は、前記燃焼制御部36の制御動作の情報から出湯が開始されたと検知した以降に、サンプリング部35を介して出側湯温センサ14の実測出側湯温ＴOUT を取り込み、この実測出側湯温ＴOUT と前記データ格納部40の開弁温度ＴOPを比較する。図２の（ａ）に示すように、出湯開始後、まず、給湯熱交換器１の出側の給湯通路４に滞留していた温めの湯の湯温が出側湯温センサ14により検出されるが、湯張りや高温差し湯が行われた直後だったり、後沸きが生じている場合には、その後、高温の湯が給湯熱交換器１から流出し始め、出側湯温センサ14で検出される湯の湯温が上昇する。
【００４０】
そして、開閉制御部45は、実測出側湯温ＴOUT が開弁温度ＴOP以上である（ＴOUT ≧ＴOP）と判断したときにはバイパス弁10を閉弁したままでは給湯設定温度ＴS よりかなり高めの湯が出湯し、この高温出湯により湯の利用者に不快感を与えてしまうという問題や、湯張りや高温差し湯のために作り出された高温の湯がそのまま出湯して湯の利用者に火傷を負わせる危険が生じると判断し、バイパス弁駆動手段33へ開弁信号（バイパス通路開閉弁への開弁信号）を出力し、バイパス弁駆動手段33が図２の（ｃ）に示すバイパス弁開・閉信号の開弁信号（開弁駆動電圧）をバイパス弁10に加えてバイパス弁10を開弁させる。
【００４１】
そのように、バイパス弁10を開弁することによって、給湯熱交換器１から流れ出た高温の湯に常時バイパス通路５およびバイパス通路８から流出した水がミキシングされ、図２の（ｂ）に示すように、出湯湯温が下げられ、高温出湯を回避することができる。
【００４２】
開閉制御部45は、バイパス弁駆動手段33の動作情報からバイパス弁10が開弁していると検知している間（バイパス弁10の開弁期間中）、出側湯温センサ14の実測出側湯温ＴOUT と前記データ格納部40の閉弁温度ＴCLを比較し、図２の（ａ）に示すように、給湯熱交換器１から流れ出る湯温が下がり始め、実測出側湯温ＴOUT が閉弁温度ＴCL以下である（ＴOUT ≦ＴCL）と判断したときに、高温出湯の虞れがなくなったと判断し、バイパス弁駆動手段33へ閉弁信号（バイパス通路開閉弁への閉弁信号）を出力し、バイパス弁10を閉弁させる。
【００４３】
上記の如く、バイパス通路８とそのバイパス弁10を設け、出湯開始後、出側湯温センサ14の実測湯温ＴOUT が開弁温度ＴOP以上であるとき、つまり、高温出湯の虞れがあるときにバイパス弁10を開弁する構成としたので、湯張りや高温差し湯の直後だったり、後沸きが生じているために給湯熱交換器１から流出する湯の湯温が給湯設定温度の湯を出湯させる給湯熱交換器１の出側湯温よりもかなり高めであるときには、その高温の湯に常時バイパス通路５およびバイパス通路８から流出する水がミキシングされ、給湯熱交換器１から流出した湯の湯温が下げられ、高温出湯を防止することができる。
【００４４】
その上、この実施の形態例では、ＳA 設定部37とＳB 設定部38とＳS 決定部41とＴOP・ＴCL算出部46を設けたので、給湯停止直前や出湯待機中に給湯設定温度が大きく変更されたときにも変更後の給湯設定温度よりかなり高めの湯が出湯してしまうのを確実に防止することができる。それというのは、給湯停止直前や出湯待機中に給湯設定温度が大きく変更されたときに次に示す問題が生じると、高温出湯を防止できないことがあるが、この実施の形態例ではその問題が回避される構成となっているからである。
【００４５】
上記問題とは、例えば、給湯設定温度の変更にかかわらず、給湯停止時の給湯熱交換器１の出側湯温（つまり、暫定取り込み基準値ＳA ）を用いて開弁温度ＴOPと閉弁温度ＴCLを求め、これら開弁温度ＴOPと閉弁温度CLに基づいてバイパス弁10の開閉制御を行うと、給湯停止直前や出湯待機中に給湯設定温度が変更された場合に高温出湯を防止できないことがある。
【００４６】
すなわち、出湯待機中に、前回の給湯時の給湯設定温度より給湯設定温度が大幅に低く変更された場合に、暫定取り込み基準値ＳA に基づいた開弁温度ＴOPと閉弁温度ＴCLを用いてバイパス弁10の開閉制御が行われると、出湯開始時に、今回の給湯設定温度よりかなり高めの湯が出湯しているのにバイパス弁10が開けられず、その高めの湯が出湯したり、バイパス弁10が開けられたとしても早く閉弁してしまい今回の給湯設定温度より高めの湯が出湯し、湯の利用者に不快感を与えてしまうという問題が生じる。
【００４７】
また、出湯待機中に、給湯設定温度が前回の給湯時の給湯設定温度よりかなり高めに変更されたときに、暫定取り込み基準値ＳA に基づいた開弁温度ＴOPと閉弁温度ＴCLを用いてバイパス弁10の開閉制御が行われると、変更後の給湯設定温度の高温湯を供給しなければならないのにバイパス弁10が開けられ水がミキシングされ、変更後の給湯設定温度よりかなり低めの湯が出湯してしまうし、出湯湯温を上昇させる方向に給湯バーナの燃焼能力制御が行われるので、給湯熱交換器１の出側湯温は閉弁温度以下に下がらず、バイパス弁10は開弁したままになってしまう。このように、バイパス弁10が開弁したままになると、次のような問題が生じる。
【００４８】
上記バイパス弁10が開弁した状態のまま給湯運転が続行された場合には、給湯熱交換器１で作り出された湯に常時バイパス通路５およびバイバス通路８から流出する水をミキシングした後の湯の湯温が給湯設定温度になるように給湯バーナ２の燃焼能力制御が行われ、給湯熱交換器１の湯にミキシングする水が常時バイパス通路５の水だけである場合より給湯熱交換器１の湯温が高くなって給湯が停止された後の給湯熱交換器１の滞留湯の湯温が非常に高くなる。このように、給湯熱交換器１の滞留湯の湯温が非常に高い状態から出湯が開始されると、常時バイパス通路５の水に加えてバイパス通路８の水を給湯熱交換器１の湯にミキシングしても出湯湯温は給湯設定温度よりかなり高めとなってしまい、高温出湯を防止することができないという問題が生じる虞れがある。
【００４９】
さらに、給湯停止直前に、給湯設定温度が大きく変更されたときには、出湯湯温が変更後の給湯設定温度に移行する途中で給湯が停止されてしまう場合が生じ、その場合に給湯停止時の給湯熱交換器の出側湯温（暫定取り込み基準値ＳA ）に基づいて開弁温度および閉弁温度が求められ、その開弁温度および閉弁温度に基づいてバイパス弁10の開閉制御が行われると、前記同様に出湯開始時にバイパス弁10の開閉制御を行っているにもかかわらず、給湯設定温度から大きくずれた湯温の湯が出湯してしまうという問題がある。
【００５０】
さらに、給湯熱交換器の滞留湯が冷め切った状態からコールドスタートした出湯開始直後に、つまり、出湯湯温が給湯設定温度に立ち上がる前に給湯が停止された場合に、その給湯設定温度よりかなり低めの湯温（暫定取り込み基準値ＳA ）に基づいた開弁温度および閉弁温度を用いてバイパス弁10の開閉制御が行われると、出湯時にバイパス弁10を開けなくてもよいのにバイパス弁10が開けられ、給湯設定温度よりかなり低めの湯温の湯が出湯してしまうという問題がある。
【００５１】
この実施の形態例では、前記の如く、暫定取り込み基準値ＳA が暫定演算基準値ＳB より予め定めた許容範囲を外れているときには、暫定演算基準値ＳB を確定基準値ＳS と決定するので、上記問題を回避することができ、確実に出湯時の高温出湯を防止することができるし、給湯設定温度よりかなり低い湯温の湯が出湯するという事態を回避することができる。
【００５２】
ところで、データ格納部40がコスト低減を図るために揮発性記憶装置で形成される場合には、給湯器の電源が切られるとデータ格納部40はクリアされてしまうので、次の給湯器の電源投入後に最初に給湯を使うときには、データ格納部40に確定基準値ＳS が格納されていない状態（確定基準値ＳS に「０」が与えられている状態）となる。そのような場合には開弁温度ＴOPおよび閉弁温度ＴCLが非常に低く設定され（例えば、ＴOP＝３℃，ＴCL＝２℃）、給湯熱交換器１から流れ出る湯水の温度はその開弁温度ＴOP以上の湯温となるので、給湯開始後、高温出湯の虞れがないのにバイパス弁10が開弁され、その後、給湯熱交換器１の出側湯温は上記閉弁温度ＴCL以下に下がることはないので、バイパス弁10は開弁したままになって、前述したように、給湯停止前から給湯熱交換器１で高温の湯を作っているために、次回の出湯時の高温出湯を防止できない虞れがあるという問題が生じる。
【００５３】
そこで、この実施の形態例では上記問題を回避するために、前記構成に加えてＳS 有無判断部42と初回ＳS 設定部50が設けられている。
【００５４】
ＳS 有無判断部42は、データ格納部40にＳS 決定部41が決定した確定基準値ＳS が格納されているか否かを判断する。具体的には、データ格納部40の確定基準値ＳS が「０」であるか否かを判断する。確定基準値ＳS が格納されていない（確定基準値ＳS が「０」である）と判断したときには、確定基準値ＳS の未格納に起因した前記問題が生じるので確定基準値ＳS を決定する必要があると判断し、初回ＳS 設定部50へ動作開始信号を出力する。
【００５５】
初回ＳS 設定部50は、その動作開始信号を受けると、前記ＳB 設定部38に暫定演算基準値ＳB の算出動作を行わせ、算出された暫定演算基準値ＳB を取り込み、この暫定演算基準値ＳB を確定基準値ＳS としてデータ格納部40へ出力し、初回確定基準値ＳS がデータ格納部40に格納される。
【００５６】
上記の如く、ＳS 有無判断部42によってデータ格納部40に確定基準値ＳS が格納されていないと判断されたときに、初回ＳS 設定部50がＳB 設定部38の算出暫定演算基準値ＳB を初回確定基準値ＳS として設定することにより、給湯設定温度ＴS に対応した開弁温度ＴOP・閉弁温度ＴCLが設定され、前記確定基準値ＳS の未格納に起因した問題を回避することができる。
【００５７】
この実施の形態例では、前述したように、制御装置20の高温出湯防止手段25に、さらに、ＴS 監視部43と開閉状態監視部44が設けられており、次の問題を回避する構成となっている。
【００５８】
その問題とは、出湯開始後、開閉制御部45の制御動作によりバイパス弁10が開弁された後、給湯設定温度が高くなる方向に変更されると、給湯熱交換器１の出側湯温ＴOUT を上昇させる方向に給湯運転が行われるので、変更前の給湯設定温度に対応した閉弁温度ＴCLを用いて閉弁タイミングを決定しようとすると、給湯熱交換器１の出側湯温ＴOUT がその閉弁温度ＴCL以下に下がらず、バイパス弁10が開弁したままになってしまい、前述したように、給湯停止前から給湯熱交換器１で高温の湯を作っているために、次回の出湯時の高温出湯を防止できないという問題が生じる虞れがあるというものである。また、バイパス弁10が開弁された後、給湯設定温度が低くなる方向に大きく変更された場合に変更前の給湯設定温度に対応した閉弁温度ＴCLを用いて閉弁タイミングを決定しようとすると、バイパス弁10が早く閉弁してしまい、変更後の給湯設定温度よりかなり高めの湯が出湯するという問題が生じる虞れがある。
【００５９】
そこで、上記問題を回避するために、上記の如く、高温出湯防止手段25にＴS 監視部43と開閉状態監視部44を設けた。開閉状態監視部44は、燃焼制御部36の制御動作の情報から出湯が開始されたと検知した後、バイパス弁駆動手段33の開閉動作情報を取り込んで（図２の（ｃ）に示すバイパス弁開・閉信号を取り込んで）バイパス弁10の開閉状態を監視する。
【００６０】
ＴS 監視部43は、出湯開始後、上記開閉状態監視部44の情報に基づき、バイパス弁10が開弁していると検知している間（バイパス弁開・閉信号の開弁信号（駆動電圧）がバイパス弁駆動手段33からバイパス弁10に供給されている間）、サンプリング部35を介して給湯温度設定手段21に設定されている給湯設定温度ＴS をサンプリングし、内蔵のメモリに記憶させると共に、前回のサンプリング時にサンプリングした給湯設定温度ＴS ′を内蔵メモリから読み出し、この前回の給湯設定温度ＴS ′と今回の給湯設定温度ＴS を比較する。
【００６１】
比較の結果、今回の給湯設定温度ＴS が前回の給湯設定温度ＴS ′より予め定めた設定範囲γ（例えば、±２℃）を外れていると判断したときには、バイパス弁10の開弁期間中に給湯設定温度が大きく変更されたので、バイパス弁10の開弁期間中における給湯設定温度の変更に起因した前記問題が生じる虞れがあり、その問題を回避しなければならないと判断し、前記ＳB 設定部38の暫定演算基準値ＳB の算出動作とＳS 決定部41の確定基準値ＳS の決定動作とＴOP・ＴCL算出部46の開弁温度ＴOP・閉弁温度ＴCLの算出動作を再び行わせ、変更後の給湯設定温度ＴS に対応した最適な開弁温度ＴOPおよび閉弁温度ＴCLを求めさせる。
【００６２】
なお、上記設定範囲γに０℃を与えてもよい。また、内蔵メモリに給湯設定温度ＴS を書き込むときに、メモリに記憶されていた前々回のサンプリング時の給湯設定温度は自動消去され新たな給湯設定温度ＴS に更新されるようになっている。
【００６３】
上記の如く、ＴS 監視部43と開閉状態監視部44を設けたので、これらＴS 監視部43と開閉状態監視部44の動作により、バイパス弁10が開弁しているときに給湯設定温度が変更された場合には、変更後の給湯設定温度に対応した開弁温度ＴOPおよび閉弁温度ＴCLが求められ、バイパス弁10の開弁期間中に給湯設定温度が変更されたことに起因した前記問題を確実に回避することができる。
【００６４】
この実施の形態例によれば、バイパス通路８およびそのバイパス弁10を設け、出湯開始後、高温出湯の虞れがあるときに（給湯熱交換器１の出側湯温ＴOUT が開弁温度ＴOP以上となったときに）バイパス弁10を開弁させる構成にしたので、高温出湯の虞れがあるときには、給湯熱交換器１から流出する高温の湯に水がミキシングされその高温の湯の湯温が下げられ、湯張りや高温差し湯のために作り出された高温の湯や後沸きに起因した高温出湯を防止することができる。
【００６５】
また、バイパス通路８とバイパス弁10を設け、バイパス弁10の開閉制御を行うだけで、上記の如く、出湯時の高温出湯を防止できるので、管路構成および制御構成の簡易化を図ることが容易であるという画期的な効果を奏することができる。
【００６６】
さらに、出湯待機中等に給湯設定温度が変更されても、変更後の給湯設定温度に基づいた開弁温度ＴOPと閉弁温度ＴCLを求める構成にしたので、確実に出湯時の高温出湯を防止することができる開弁温度ＴOP、閉弁温度ＴCLを求めることが可能となる。そして、出湯開始時に、これら開弁温度ＴOPと閉弁温度ＴCLに基づいてバイパス弁10の開閉制御が行われるので、出湯待機中等に給湯設定温度が変更されても、出湯時の高温出湯を確実に防止できるし、高温出湯の虞れがないのにバイパス弁10が開弁してしまうという誤動作が回避できるし、バイパス弁10が開弁したままになって次回の出湯時の高温出湯が防止できない虞れが生じるという問題も防止でき、ほぼ給湯設定温度の湯を安定的に出湯させることが可能である。
【００６７】
さらに、ＳS 有無判断部42と初回ＳS 設定部50を設けたので、電源投入時等、データ格納部40に確定基準値ＳS が格納されていないときにはＳB 設定部38が求めた暫定演算基準値ＳB が初回確定基準値ＳS としてデータ格納部40に格納されることになり、給湯設定温度に対応した開弁温度ＴOP・閉弁温度ＴCLを設定することができ、開弁温度ＴOP・閉弁温度ＴCLが非常に低く設定されたときに生じる問題を回避することができ、上記同様にほぼ給湯設定温度の湯を安定的に出湯させることができる。
【００６８】
さらに、ＴS 監視部43と開閉状態監視部44を設けたので、バイパス弁10が開弁している間に給湯設定温度が大きく変更されたときには、変更後の給湯設定温度に基づいて開弁温度ＴOPおよび閉弁温度ＴCLを再度求めることが可能となり、この求めた閉弁温度ＴCLを用いてバイパス弁10の閉弁タイミングが決定されるので、バイパス弁10が開弁しているときに給湯設定温度が高くなる方向に大きく変更されたためにバイパス弁10が開弁したままになってしまい次回の出湯時の高温出湯を防止できない虞れがあるという問題や、給湯設定温度が低くなる方向に大きく変更された場合にバイパス弁10が早く閉弁してしまい給湯設定温度よりかなり高めの湯が出湯するという問題を回避することができる。
【００６９】
なお、本発明は、上記実施の形態例に限定されるものではなく、様々な実施の形態を採り得る。例えば、上記実施の形態例の構成に加えて、運転モードの判別を行うモード判別手段を設け、単機能給湯器以外の図５〜図７に示すような給湯器の運転に際しては、このモード判別手段により給湯モードの運転開始を検知したときのみ、バイパス弁10の開閉制御を行うようにしてもよい。もちろん、高温差し湯や湯張りが行われるときにもバイパス弁10の開閉制御を行うようにしてもよい。
【００７０】
また、上記実施の形態例では、燃焼制御部36の制御動作の情報に基づいて出湯開始を検知していたが、流量検出センサ12のセンサ出力を用いて出湯開始を検知するようにしてもよいし、図４〜図７の各給湯器の給湯通路４の給湯栓19側に流水を検出するための流水スイッチ（給湯確認スイッチ）等のセンサを設け、このセンサのセンサ出力を用いて出湯開始を検知するようにしてもよい。
【００７１】
さらに、図４〜図７に示した給湯器には常時バイパス通路５が設けられていたが、前記実施の形態例に示した高温出湯防止手段は常時バイパス通路５を省略した各種の燃焼機器にも適用できるものであり、上記実施の形態例の高温出湯防止手段25を設けて高温出湯防止動作を行うことによって、出湯時に給湯設定温度より許容範囲を越えた高温の湯が出湯し湯の利用者に不快感を与えるという問題および高温出湯による危険を回避できる。上記のように常時バイパス通路５を省略した場合にはその分管路構成を簡単にできる。
【００７２】
なお、上記のように、常時バイパス通路５を省略した場合には、図４に示す流量ＱV1が全て給湯熱交換器１に流れ込むことになるので、流量ＱHE＝流量ＱV1となり、上記実施の形態例に示したＳB 算出演算式データ（ＳB ＝（Ｔs −（１−ｍ）Ｔ1 ）／ｍ）の定数ｍ（ｍ＝ＱHE／ＱV1）には「１」が予め与えられることになる。
【００７３】
さらに、上記実施の形態例では、ＳB 設定部38はＳB 算出演算式データ（ＳB ＝（Ｔs −（１−ｍ）Ｔ1 ）／ｍ）に基づいて暫定演算基準値ＳB を検出していたが、例えば、給湯設定温度Ｔs と入水温Ｔ1 の関係から暫定演算基準値ＳB を検出するための表データやグラフデータ等を予め求めてＳB 検出データとしてＳB 設定部38の内蔵メモリに格納しておき、このＳB 検出データに基づいて暫定演算基準値ＳB を検出するという如く、演算を用いない他の手法により暫定演算基準値ＳB を検出するようにしてもよい。
【００７４】
さらに、上記実施の形態例では、バイパス通路８およびそのバイパス弁10は１組しか設けられていなかったが、複数組設けてもよい。この場合には、それらバイパス弁を個々に制御するようにする。例えば、第１のバイパス弁には第１の開弁温度と第１の閉弁温度が対応し、第２のバイパス弁には上記第１の開弁温度より高い第２の開弁温度と第１の閉弁温度より高い第２の閉弁温度が対応するという如く、給湯熱交換器１の出側湯温が高くなるにしたがって、開弁しているバイパス弁の数が多くなるように各バイパス弁に対応する開弁温度と閉弁温度を設定し、それら開弁温度と閉弁温度に基づいて各バイパス弁を個々に制御するようにしてもよい。この場合には後沸き等の度合に応じて給湯熱交換器１から流出する高温の湯量に対するミキシング水量の割合を可変することが可能となる。
【００７５】
さらに、上記実施の形態例では、入水温度Ｔ1 を入水温度センサ13から直接的に検出していたが、制御装置20に入水温度Ｔ1 を演算算出するための入水温度検出手段を設け、この入水温度検出手段の入水温度検出動作により次のように入水温度Ｔ1 を演算算出するようにしてもよい。
【００７６】
例えば、上記入水温度検出手段は、燃焼制御部36から給湯バーナの燃焼能力（燃焼熱量）Ｊを、給湯温度設定手段21から給湯設定温度ＴS を、流量検出センサ12から入水流量Ｑ0 をそれぞれ取り込み、これら燃焼能力Ｊと給湯設定温度ＴS と入水流量Ｑ0 と、予め与えられている入水温度算出演算式データ（Ｔ1 ＝ＴS −（Ｊ／（ｍ・Ｑ0 ・Ｃ）；ただし、ｍはバイパス弁10が閉弁状態であるときの入水流量Ｑ0 に対する給湯熱交換器１を流れる流量の割合（例えば、予め定まる給湯熱交換器１と常時バイパス通路５の流量比が７：３であるときにはｍに“0.7 ”が予め与えられる））に基づき、入水温度Ｔ1 を演算算出する。
【００７７】
さらに、上記実施の形態例の燃焼機器は、リモコン18に給湯温度設定手段21が設けられ、湯の利用者が給湯温度設定手段21を用いて給湯設定温度ＴS を可変設定することが可能なものであったが、本発明は、給湯温度設定手段21が省略され、予め定めた給湯設定温度ＴS が制御装置20に与えられている恒温出湯タイプの燃焼機器にも適用することができる。
【００７８】
さらに、上記実施の形態例ではＴOP・ＴCL算出部46は開弁温度ＴOPと閉弁温度ＴCLを演算算出していたが、確定基準値ＳS に基づいて開弁温度ＴOP、閉弁温度CLを検出するための表データやグラフデータ等を予め求めてＴOP検出データ、ＴCL検出データとして内蔵メモリに格納しておき、これらＴOP検出データおよびＴCL検出データと、確定基準値ＳS とに基づき開弁温度ＴOPと閉弁温度ＴCLを検出するという如く、演算を用いない他の手法により開弁温度ＴOPと閉弁温度ＴCLを検出するようにしてもよい。
【００７９】
さらに、上記実施の形態例ではＴOP・ＴCL算出部46は出湯開始時に開弁温度ＴOPおよび閉弁温度ＴCLを算出していたが、出湯待機中に、ＳS 決定部41が確定基準値ＳS を決定する度にその確定基準値ＳS を取り込み、開弁温度ＴOPおよび閉弁温度ＴCLを算出するようにしてもよいし、出湯待機中に、予め定めた時間間隔（例えば、10秒間隔）毎にデータ格納部40から確定基準値ＳS を読み出して開弁温度ＴOPおよび閉弁温度ＴCLを算出するようにしてもよい。
【００８０】
さらに、上記実施の形態例では、ＳB 設定部38とＴS 監視部43とＴOP・ＴCL算出部46はそれぞれ別個にメモリを内蔵していたが、ＳB 設定部38とＴS 監視部43とＴOP・ＴCL算出部46の共通のメモリを設けてもよいし、データ格納部40を、例えば、不揮発性記憶装置で構成する場合には、このデータ格納部40が上記ＳB 設定部38とＴS 監視部43とＴOP・ＴCL算出部46のメモリを兼用する構成してもよい。この場合には、当然に、前記ＳB 算出演算式データやＴOP算出演算式データやＴCL算出演算式データやＴS 監視部43が取り込んだ給湯設定温度データはデータ格納部40に格納されることになる。
【００８１】
また、上記の如く、データ格納部40を不揮発性装置で構成する場合には、給湯器の電源を切ってもデータ格納部40のデータは消去されないので、例えば、給湯器の製造工程内や設置施工時にデータ格納部40に予め定めた確定基準値ＳS （例えば、給湯設定温度として最も多く設定されると考えられる湯温を出湯させる給湯熱交換器１の出側湯温）を与えるようにすれば、施工後の最初の電源投入時やその後の電源投入時にデータ格納部40に確定基準値S が格納されていないということがなく、この場合にはＳS 有無判断部42と初回ＳS 設定部50を省略してもよい。ＳS 有無判断部42と初回ＳS 設定部50を省略した場合には、その分、制御装置20の制御構成を簡易化することができる。
【００８２】
さらに、上記実施の形態例では、開弁温度ＴOPを求めるのに用いる第１の嵩上げ温度αと、閉弁温度ＴCLを求めるのに用いる第２の嵩上げ温度βとは予め定められていたが、上記第１の嵩上げ温度αと第２の嵩上げ温度βを可変設定するための可変設定手段を制御装置20が設けられている制御基板等に設けて、サービスマン等が上記第１の嵩上げ温度αと第２の嵩上げ温度βを可変設定できるようにしてもよい。
【００８３】
さらに、上記実施の形態例ではＴS 監視部43と開閉状態監視部44が設けられていたが、これらＴS 監視部43と開閉状態監視部44は省略してもよい。バイパス弁10が開弁している間に給湯設定温度が変更になることは稀なので、上記の如く、ＴS 監視部43と開閉状態監視部44を省略しても、通常の使用において殆ど支障がないからである。
【００８４】
さらに、上記実施の形態では常時バイパス通路５が１本だけ設けられていたが、常時バイパス通路５を複数本設けてもよい。この場合にも、前記の如く、給湯熱交換器１の流量とそれら常時バイパス通路の総流量の流量比が管路抵抗により予め定めた流量比となるように複数の常時バイパス通路５を形成する。
【００８５】
【発明の効果】
この発明によれば、出湯開始後、高温出湯の虞れがあるときにバイパス通路開閉弁を開弁して給湯熱交換器から流出した高温の湯にバイパス通路の水をミキシングする構成としたので、給湯熱交換器の後沸きに起因した高温の湯が出湯時に出湯するのを確実に防止できるし、風呂への湯張りや高温差し湯機能を有した燃焼機器の場合には、湯張りや高温差し湯の終了直後の出湯時に湯張りや高温差し湯に用いた高めの湯が出湯するのを防止することができるし、一缶二水構成を有した燃焼機器の場合には、追い焚き単独運転による給湯バーナの追い焚き燃焼によって給湯熱交換器の給湯側の滞留水が加熱し、高温の湯が出湯開始により出湯するのを防止することができ、湯の利用者に出湯時の高温出湯により不快感を与えてしまうという問題や高温出湯による危険を回避することができる。
【００８６】
また、暫定取り込み基準値が暫定演算基準値より予め定めた許容範囲を外れていると判断したときには暫定演算基準値を確定基準値と決定するように構成されているので、暫定取り込み基準値が給湯設定温度の湯を出湯させるための給湯熱交換器の出側湯温（暫定演算基準値）から大きく離れているときにはその暫定取り込み基準値が確定基準値に設定されることはなく、暫定演算基準値が確定基準値に設定され、この確定基準値に基づいて高温出湯を確実に防止するための開弁温度と閉弁温度を求めることが可能となる。
【００８７】
このことから、前回の給湯停止直前や出湯待機中に出湯設定温度が高くなる方向に大きく変更されたり、出湯湯温が立ち上がる前に前回の給湯が停止されたことに起因して変更後の給湯設定温度よりかなり低い温度が開弁温度、閉弁温度として設定されてしまうことがなく、開弁温度が低く設定されたために、出湯開始後、高温出湯の虞れがないのにバイパス通路開閉弁が開弁してしまうという誤動作の問題や、閉弁温度が低く設定されたために、バイパス通路開閉弁が開弁した後に閉弁されず、次回の出湯時の高温出湯を防止できない虞れがあるという問題を回避することができる。
【００８８】
さらに、前回の給湯停止直前や出湯待機中に給湯設定温度が低くなる方向に大きく変更されたことに起因して変更後の給湯設定温度よりかなり高い温度が開弁温度、閉弁温度として設定されてしまうことがなく、出湯開始後、給湯設定温度よりかなり高い温度の湯が出湯しているのに、バイパス通路開閉弁が開弁せずに高温の湯が出湯して湯の利用者に不快感を与えてしまうという問題や高温出湯による危険を防止することができる。
【００８９】
さらに、上記の如く、必要最低限のバイパス通路およびその開閉弁を設けるだけで、出湯時の高温出湯を防止できるので、管路構成を簡易化することが可能であり、給湯器のコスト低減を図ることができるという画期的な効果を奏することができる。
【００９０】
確定基準値有無判断部と初回確定基準値設定部を設ける構成にあっては、確定基準値のデータがない場合に暫定演算基準値が確定基準値として設定されるので、確定基準値のデータがないために開弁温度と閉弁温度が給湯設定温度より非常に低く設定されるということをなくすことができ、開弁温度と閉弁温度が給湯設定温度より非常に低く設定されたことに起因した問題を回避することができる。
【００９１】
開閉状態監視部と給湯設定温度監視部を設ける構成にあっては、バイパス通路開閉弁が開弁しているときに給湯設定温度が大きく変更された場合に、その変更後の給湯設定温度に対応した閉弁温度が求められるので、バイパス通路開閉弁を開弁させておかなければならないのにバイパス通路開閉弁が早く閉じてしまい給湯設定温度よりかなり高めの湯が出湯してしまうという問題や、閉弁温度が低過ぎて給湯熱交換器の出側湯温が閉弁温度以下にならず、バイパス通路開閉弁が開弁したままになって次回の出湯時の高温出湯を防止できない虞れがあるという問題を確実に回避することができる。
【００９２】
給湯熱交換器の給水通路と給湯通路を短絡する開閉弁を持たない常時バイパス通路が設けられている構成にあっては、給湯通路の常時バイパス通路出側接続部で、給湯熱交換器で加熱された湯と常時バイパス通路側を通った水がミキシングされることになり、例えば、バイパス通路開閉弁を開弁してバイパス通路を通る水によって給湯熱交換器から流出した湯の温度を下げなければならないのにも拘わらず、バイパス通路開閉弁が故障して開弁しないという事態が発生しても、上記の如く、給湯熱交換器の湯は常時バイパス通路の水がミキシングされることによって湯温が下げられることから、高温の湯が出湯し湯の利用者に火傷を負わせてしまうというような重大な問題は回避することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明において特有な高温出湯防止手段の実施の形態例を示すブロック構成図である。
【図２】バイパス弁の開閉制御の動作例を示すタイムチャートである。
【図３】給湯熱交換器の滞留湯の温度における時間的変化の一例を示すグラフである。
【図４】本発明の燃焼機器である給湯器の一システム構成例を示すモデル図である。
【図５】本発明の燃焼機器である複合給湯器の一システム構成例を示すモデル図である。
【図６】本発明の燃焼機器である湯張り機能（高温差し湯機能）付給湯器の一システム構成例を示すモデル図である。
【図７】本発明の燃焼機器である一缶二水構成の給湯器の一システム構成例を示すモデル図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 給湯熱交換器
３ 給水通路
４ 給湯通路
５ 常時バイパス
８ バイパス通路
10 バイパス弁
13 入水温度センサ
14 出側湯温センサ
21 給湯温度設定手段
37 ＳA 設定部
38 ＳB 設定部
40 データ格納部
41 ＳS 決定部
42 ＳS 有無判断部
43 ＴS 監視部
44 開閉状態監視部
45 開閉制御部
46 ＴOP・ＴCL算出部
50 初回ＳS 設定部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a combustion apparatus including a hot water supply heat exchanger that heats water guided from a water supply passage by hot water supply burner combustion and flows out into the hot water supply passage.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As is well known, a hot water heater typical as a combustion device is provided with a hot water heat exchanger and a hot water burner, and a hot water passage is connected to the inlet side of the hot water heat exchanger and a hot water passage is connected to the outlet side. The hot water passage is led to a hot water tap such as a kitchen. When the hot water tap is opened, the hot water supply heat exchanger heats the water led from the water supply source through the water supply passage using the heat of the hot water combustion of the hot water burner, and passes the heated hot water through the hot water supply passage. Hot water is discharged through the water tap.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, as is well known, after the hot water tap is closed, that is, after the hot water supply is stopped (after the hot water is stopped), the hot water staying in the hot water heat exchanger is immediately after the hot water supply is stopped as shown by a solid curve A in FIG. Boiling (a phenomenon in which the amount of heat stored in the hot water heat exchanger is transferred to the hot water in the hot water heat exchanger and the hot water temperature rises) results in a hot water (overshoot) hot water higher than the hot water heat exchanger water temperature before the hot water stops. . When this overshoot hot water is opened and flows out of the hot water heat exchanger, hot water that is higher than the hot water set temperature determined by the hot water user will cause hot water users to feel uncomfortable Occurs.
[0004]
Various means have been proposed to solve the above problem, but a satisfactory combustion device that can prevent high-temperature hot water at the time of hot water with a simple configuration has not yet been obtained.
[0005]
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a combustion device that can reliably prevent high-temperature hot water at the start of hot water with a simple configuration.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following configuration as means for solving the above problems. That is, the first aspect of the present invention is to provide a hot water heat exchanger that heats water guided from the water supply passage using the heat of hot water burner combustion and flows out to the hot water passage, and a water supply passage and an outlet on the inlet side of the hot water heat exchanger. A bypass passage for short-circuiting the hot water supply passage on the side, a bypass passage on-off valve for opening and closing the bypass passage, an incoming water temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of water in the water supply passage, and a hot water temperature on the outlet side of the hot water heat exchanger In combustion equipment having a hot water supply heat exchanger outlet side hot water temperature sensor to be detected, a provisional intake standard for taking in an actually measured hot water temperature of the hot water heat exchanger detected by the hot water heat exchanger outlet side hot water temperature sensor as a temporary intake reference value It is assumed that the bypass passage opening / closing valve is closed based on the value setting unit; based on information on a predetermined hot water supply set temperature or on information on the hot water set temperature and the detected incoming water temperature detected by the incoming water temperature detecting means When A provisional calculation reference value setting unit for obtaining a hot water temperature on the outlet side of the hot water heat exchanger for the hot water temperature to become a set temperature for the hot water supply, and setting the obtained hot water temperature as a provisional calculation reference value; The provisional calculation reference value set by the setting unit is compared with the provisional acquisition reference value set by the provisional acquisition reference value setting unit, and it is determined that the provisional acquisition reference value is outside the predetermined allowable range from the provisional calculation reference value. A provisional reference value determining unit that determines a provisional calculation reference value as a fixed reference value in some cases; otherwise, a provisional reference value determination unit that determines a provisional capture reference value as a final reference value; And a bypass passage opening / closing valve opening / closing control section that performs opening / closing control of the bypass passage opening / closing valve under defined conditions.
[0007]
A second aspect of the invention is a hot water heat exchanger that heats water guided from a water supply passage using the heat of hot water burner combustion and flows out into the hot water supply passage, and a water supply passage on the inlet side and an outlet side of the hot water heat exchanger. A bypass passage that short-circuits the hot water supply passage, a bypass passage on-off valve that opens and closes the bypass passage, an incoming water temperature detecting means that detects the temperature of water in the water supply passage, and a hot water temperature on the outlet side of the hot water heat exchanger Hot water supply detected by a hot water supply heat exchanger outlet-side hot water temperature sensor when a hot water supply burner is stopped in a combustion device having a hot water supply heat exchanger outlet-side hot water temperature sensor and hot water supply temperature setting means for setting a hot water supply temperature A provisional intake reference value setting unit that takes in the actually measured hot water temperature of the heat exchanger as a provisional intake reference value; takes in the hot water supply set temperature set in the hot water supply temperature setting means at a predetermined time interval, Information Or the hot water supply temperature for the hot water temperature to become the hot water supply set temperature when the bypass passage opening / closing valve is assumed to be closed based on the information of the hot water supply set temperature and the detected incoming water temperature detected by the incoming water temperature detecting means. A provisional calculation reference value setting unit that obtains the hot water temperature on the outlet side of the heat exchanger and sets the obtained hot water temperature as a provisional calculation reference value; and the provisional calculation reference value set by the provisional calculation reference value setting unit and the provisional calculation reference value The provisional import reference value set by the import reference value setting unit is compared, and when it is determined that the provisional capture reference value is outside the predetermined allowable range from the provisional calculation reference value, the provisional calculation reference value is determined as the final reference value. In other cases, a fixed reference value determining unit that determines the provisional capture reference value as a fixed reference value; and a predetermined first raised temperature higher than the fixed reference value determined by the fixed reference value determining unit A valve opening / closing temperature calculating unit for obtaining a valve temperature and a valve closing temperature higher than the determined reference value by a predetermined second raising temperature lower than the first raising temperature; A data storage unit for storing the valve opening temperature and the valve closing temperature obtained by the calculation unit; and the actual storage side hot water temperature of the hot water supply heat exchanger outlet side hot water sensor after the start of the hot water is stored in the data storage unit. When the measured outlet water temperature is determined to be higher than the valve opening temperature, a valve opening signal is output to the bypass passage on / off valve to open the bypass passage on / off valve. And a bypass passage opening / closing valve opening / closing control unit that outputs a valve closing signal to the bypass passage opening / closing valve when it is determined that the hot water temperature is equal to or lower than the valve closing temperature.
[0008]
In the third aspect of the invention, in addition to the configuration of the second aspect of the invention, the determination of whether or not there is a fixed reference value for determining whether there is data of the fixed reference value determined by the fixed reference value determining operation of the fixed reference value determining unit. And an initial fixed reference value setting unit that sets the temporary calculation reference value obtained by the temporary calculation reference value setting unit as the fixed reference value when the determination reference value presence determination unit determines that there is no fixed reference value. The configuration serves as means for solving the above-described problems.
[0009]
According to a fourth aspect of the invention, in addition to the configuration of the second or third aspect of the invention, an open / closed state monitoring unit that monitors the open / closed state of the bypass passage on / off valve after the start of hot water; A hot water supply set temperature monitoring unit that monitors whether or not the hot water set temperature has been changed while detecting that the bypass passage open / close valve is open, and the bypass passage open / close valve is opened. If the hot water supply set temperature is changed during the operation, the provisional calculation reference value setting operation of the provisional calculation reference value setting unit, the final reference value determination operation of the final reference value determination unit, and the opening / closing temperature calculation unit open A configuration in which the valve / close valve temperature calculation operation is performed again serves as means for solving the above-described problem.
[0010]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a water supply passage of the hot water heat exchanger constituting the second, third or fourth aspect of the invention, and a constant bypass passage having no on-off valve for short-circuiting the hot water supply passage of the hot water heat exchanger. The provisional calculation reference value setting unit includes the detected incoming water temperature detected by the incoming water temperature detection means, the hot water supply set temperature set in the hot water supply temperature setting means, the predetermined flow rate of the hot water supply heat exchanger and the flow rate of the constant bypass passage. Based on the ratio, the hot water temperature on the outlet side of the hot water heat exchanger when the hot water temperature when the bypass passage on-off valve is assumed to be closed becomes the hot water supply set temperature is obtained, and the obtained hot water temperature is provisionally determined. A configuration for setting the calculation reference value is used as means for solving the above-described problem.
[0011]
In the present invention having the above-described configuration, for example, the provisional intake reference value setting unit provisionally takes in the actually measured outlet side hot water temperature of the hot water heat exchanger detected by the hot water heat exchanger outlet side hot water temperature sensor when hot water combustion of the hot water supply burner is stopped. Capture as. The provisional calculation reference value setting unit takes in the hot water supply set temperature at predetermined time intervals, and uses the information on the hot water set temperature to use the hot water temperature to be the hot water set temperature. Is obtained under the condition that the bypass passage opening / closing valve is closed, and the obtained hot water temperature is determined as a provisional calculation reference value. The fixed reference value determination unit compares the provisional calculation reference value with the provisional acquisition reference value, and determines that the provisional calculation reference value is outside the predetermined allowable range from the provisional calculation reference value. The final reference value is determined as the final reference value. Otherwise, the provisional reference value is determined as the final reference value.
[0012]
The valve opening / closing temperature calculating unit obtains the valve opening temperature by adding the first raised temperature to the predetermined reference value determined by the predetermined reference value determining unit, and determines the predetermined reference value in advance. The valve closing temperature is obtained by adding the second raised temperature, and the valve opening temperature and the valve closing temperature are stored in the data storage unit.
[0013]
The bypass passage opening / closing valve opening / closing control unit compares the measured outlet side hot water temperature of the hot water heat exchanger with the temperature data of the data storage unit after starting the hot water supply, and determines that the measured outlet side hot water temperature is equal to or higher than the valve opening temperature. Sometimes the valve opening signal is output to the bypass passage opening / closing valve, the bypass passage opening / closing valve is opened to prevent high temperature hot water, and the measured outlet side hot water temperature is closed during the opening period of the bypass passage opening / closing valve. When it is determined that the temperature is lower than the valve temperature, a valve closing signal is output to the bypass passage opening / closing valve, assuming that there is no risk of hot hot water even if the bypass passage opening / closing valve is closed.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The combustion apparatus of the embodiment described below includes the single-function water heater shown in FIG. 4, the composite water heater shown in FIG. 5, the multi-function water heater shown in FIG. 7 water heaters with a single can / two water configuration are targeted.
[0015]
4 is provided with a hot water supply heat exchanger 1 and a hot water supply burner (not shown). A hot water supply passage 3 is connected to the inlet side of the hot water heat exchanger 1, and a hot water supply passage 4 is connected to the outlet side. The hot water supply passage 4 is led to a hot water tap 19 such as a kitchen. The hot water supply heat exchanger 1 is provided with a constant bypass passage 5 that does not have an on-off valve that short-circuits the inlet side water supply passage 3 and the outlet side hot water supply passage 4, and this constant bypass passage 5 is provided on the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 side. The flow rate ratio between the flow rate flowing to the bypass passage 5 and the flow rate always flowing to the bypass passage 5 side is set to a flow rate ratio (for example, 7 to 3 to 8 to 2) determined in advance by the pipe resistance.
[0016]
Further, a bypass passage 8 is formed which short-circuits the hot water supply passage 4 downstream from the constant bypass passage outlet connection portion X and the water supply passage 3 upstream from the constant bypass passage inlet connection portion Y. The bypass passage 8 is provided with a bypass valve 10 which is a bypass passage opening / closing valve for opening and closing the passage. A flow rate control valve 7 for controlling the flow rate by the valve opening amount is provided in the hot water supply passage 4 on the downstream side of the constant bypass passage outlet side connection portion Z.
[0017]
The water heater is provided with a control device 20 for controlling the operation of the water heater, and a remote controller 18 is connected to the control device 20. The remote controller 18 is formed with hot water supply temperature setting means 21 for the user of the water heater to set the hot water supply temperature.
[0018]
In the figure, reference numeral 12 denotes a flow rate detection sensor for detecting the incoming flow rate introduced from the water supply source through the water supply passage 3, and reference numeral 13 denotes a thermistor for detecting the temperature of the incoming water in the water supply passage 3. Reference numeral 14 denotes an incoming water temperature sensor which is an incoming water temperature detection means, and reference numeral 14 denotes an outgoing hot water temperature sensor which is a hot water supply heat exchanger outlet hot water temperature sensor such as a thermistor for detecting the temperature of hot water on the outlet side of the hot water heat exchanger 1. Is shown.
[0019]
The composite water heater shown in FIG. 5 has a structure in which a hot water filling function, a hot water hot water function, a bath function such as a reheating function are added to the structure of the water heater shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, in addition to the hot water supply system configuration shown in FIG. 4, this combined water heater introduces a bath burner (not shown) and bath water by driving the circulation pump 28 to heat the combustion of the bath burner. The recirculation circuit 27 that is heated by the reheating heat exchanger 26 and returned to the bathtub 24 using the water, the hot water filling passage 30 that connects the reheating circulation path 27 and the hot water supply passage 4, and the pouring that opens and closes the passage For example, the hot water control valve 22 is opened, the hot water heated by the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 is dropped into the bathtub 24 through the hot water filling passage 30 and the recirculation circuit 27, and the bath Hot water filling, hot water supply in the same way, driving the circulation pump 28, reheating the bath water and circulating it in the circulation path 27, and using the heat of the bath burner combustion, the reheating heat exchanger 26 The bath can be reheated by heating at
[0020]
The multi-function water heater shown in FIG. 6 has a structure in which a hot water filling function and a hot water hot water function are added to the structure of the water heater shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, one end side of a passage 23 is connected to the hot water supply passage 4 of this water heater, and the other end side of the passage 23 is led to a bathtub 24 via a pouring control valve 22 such as an electromagnetic valve. For example, the hot water filling control valve 22 is opened, and hot water heated by hot water supply burner combustion is guided to the bathtub 24 through the passage 23, so that hot water filling or hot water pouring is performed.
[0021]
The water heater having a single can / two water configuration in FIG. 7 is obtained by adding a hot water filling function, a hot water hot water function, a bath function such as a reheating function to the configuration of the water heater shown in FIG. The hot water supply burner also serves as a bath burner, and the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 is formed with a hot water supply pipe 47 through which hot water for hot water supply flows and a reheating pipe 48 through which bathtub circulating water flows. A hot water supply passage 3 is connected to the inlet side of the hot water supply pipe 47 and a hot water supply passage 4 is connected to the outlet side. The reheating pipe line 48 is connected to a reheating circulation path 27 for circulating hot water in the bathtub 24. It is installed.
[0022]
For example, when the hot water tap 19 is opened, the hot water heater having the single can and two water configuration performs hot water combustion of the hot water burner and heats the water guided from the water supply passage 3 by the hot water heat exchanger 1. The hot water supply operation of discharging hot water through the hot water supply passage 4 and the hot water tap 19 is performed. In addition, this water heater, for example, drives the circulation pump 28 to circulate the water in the bathtub 24 in the recirculation circulation path 27 and performs reheating combustion by heating the hot water supply burner to perform the reheating independent operation.
[0023]
The control device 20 of each water heater shown in FIG. 4 to FIG. 7 is provided with a high temperature hot water prevention means unique to the present invention.
[0024]
FIG. 1 shows an example of a main configuration of a control device 20 provided with a high temperature hot water prevention means 25, and this control device 20 is configured to include a combustion control unit 36 and a high temperature hot water prevention means 25. The combustion control unit 36 controls operation such as hot water supply, hot water filling, high-temperature hot water supply and reheating, and since the control configuration has been described above, its description is omitted.
[0025]
The high temperature hot water prevention means 25 includes a sampling unit 35 and a provisional intake reference value setting unit S A The setting unit 37 and the provisional calculation reference value setting unit S B A setting unit 38, a data storage unit 40, and an S that is a definite reference value determination unit S The determination unit 41 and the determination reference value presence / absence determination unit S S Presence / absence determination unit 42 and T that is a hot water supply set temperature monitoring unit S The monitoring unit 43, the open / close state monitoring unit 44, the open / close control unit 45 which is a bypass passage on / off valve open / close control unit, and the open / close temperature calculation unit T OP ・ T CL The calculation unit 46 and the initial S that is the initial determination reference value setting unit S The high temperature hot water prevention means 25 is configured to accurately control the opening and closing of the bypass valve 10 in order to reliably prevent the high temperature hot water at the start of the hot water.
[0026]
The sampling unit 35 has a built-in timer (not shown) for setting a predetermined sampling time interval (for example, 1 second interval). The sampling temperature sensor 13 and the output temperature are set for each sampling time interval set by the timer. Various sensor outputs such as the side hot water temperature sensor 14 and information on the remote controller 18 (for example, a hot water supply set temperature set in the hot water supply temperature setting means 21) are sampled.
[0027]
S A When the setting unit 37 detects that the hot water supply combustion of the hot water supply burner has stopped from the information of the control operation of the combustion control unit 36, the setting unit 37 takes in the actually measured outlet side hot water temperature of the outlet side hot water temperature sensor 14 sampled by the sampling unit 35, This actually measured delivery-side hot water temperature is provisional intake reference value S A And the provisional capture reference value S A Is stored in the data storage unit 40.
[0028]
The data storage unit 40 is formed by a storage device, and the above S A Provisional capture reference value S captured by setting unit 37 A Remember. It should be noted that the provisional import reference value S is stored in the data storage unit 40. A Various methods are conceivable as the method for storing the data, but in this embodiment, a new provisional capture reference value S is used. A Temporary uptake reference value S at the previous hot water supply stop when A 'Is automatically deleted, and a new provisional capture reference value S is stored at the memory location. A The data storage unit 40 is configured to avoid the problem that the storage capacity becomes insufficient and new data cannot be stored.
[0029]
S B The setting unit 38 has a built-in memory (not shown) composed of a non-volatile storage device that is read-only or freely readable and writable. B Calculation formula data is stored in advance. This S B The calculation formula data is the outlet hot water temperature S of the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 for the hot water temperature to become the hot water supply set temperature with the bypass valve 10 of the bypass passage 8 closed. B In this embodiment, the following equation (1) is expressed as S B It is stored in the built-in memory as calculation formula data.
[0030]
S B = (T s -(1-m) T 1 ) / M (1)
[0031]
T shown in the above equation (1) s Represents hot water set temperature, T 1 Represents the incoming water temperature, and m represents a predetermined flow rate ratio of the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 to the total incoming water flow rate (0 <m <1). The above equation (1) was derived as follows.
[0032]
That is, in order for the tapping water temperature to become the hot water supply set temperature, the total incoming water flow rate Q guided from the water supply passage 3 0 Water temperature T 1 From hot water set temperature T s The amount of heat required to raise the temperature to J 0 (J 0 = (T s -T 1 ) ・ Q 0 ・ C (where C is the specific heat of water)) and the total water flow Q above 0 Flow rate Q flowing through the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 HE (Q HE = M ・ Q 0 ) Water temperature T 1 To the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 outlet side hot water temperature S B The amount of heat required to raise the temperature to J HE (J HE = (S B -T 1 ) ・ Q HE ・ C = (S B -T 1 ) ・ M ・ Q 0 ・ C) must be equal ((T s -T 1 ) ・ Q 0 ・ C = (S B -T 1 ) ・ M ・ Q 0 -The above formula (1) was derived from C).
[0033]
T in the formula (1) s The hot water supply setting temperature of the hot water supply setting means 21 of the remote controller 18 is 1 The detected incoming water temperature of the incoming water temperature sensor 13 is the flow rate ratio of the hot water heat exchanger 1 to the total incoming water flow rate predetermined in m (for example, the incoming water is a hot water heat exchanger when the bypass valve 10 is closed). Since the flow rate ratio between the flow rate of the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 and the flow rate of the constant bypass passage 5 is determined in advance by the pipe resistance, the flow rate ratio is 0.73 pairs, for example. When 0.27, m = 0.73 is determined in advance) and the calculation is performed according to equation (1). S Outlet hot water temperature S of hot water supply heat exchanger 1 to become B Can be calculated.
[0034]
S B After the hot water combustion in the hot water burner is stopped, the setting unit 38 reads S from the built-in memory. B The calculation formula data is read, and the hot water supply set temperature T at which the sampling 35 is set in the hot water supply temperature setting means 21 S And the incoming water temperature T detected by the incoming water temperature sensor 13 1 Are sampled at a hot water supply temperature T S And detected incoming water temperature T 1 The hot water supply set temperature T S And detected incoming water temperature T 1 And S B Based on the calculation formula data, the hot water temperature is the hot water supply set temperature T S Outlet hot water temperature S of hot water supply heat exchanger 1 to become B And the calculated outlet side hot water temperature is set as a provisional calculation reference value S. B And this provisional calculation reference value S B From time to time S S The data is output to the determination unit 41.
[0035]
S S After the hot water supply combustion of the hot water supply burner is stopped, the determination unit 41 receives the provisional reference value S from the data storage unit 40. A Is read. And S B Provisional calculation reference value S obtained by setting unit 38 B Each time it receives a provisional calculation reference value S B And the above provisional uptake reference value S A , Provisional uptake standard value S A Is the provisional calculation reference value S B When it is determined that the value exceeds a predetermined allowable range (for example, ± 5 ° C.), the provisional calculation reference value S B Is determined standard value S S And decide.
[0036]
Otherwise, provisional capture reference value S A Is determined standard value S S And decide. The determined reference value S determined in this way S Is output to the data storage unit 40 and stored in the data storage unit 40. In addition, the fixed reference value S is stored in the data storage unit 40. S Is written, its definite reference value S S The final reference value S stored in the data storage unit 40 before S 'Is automatically deleted and a new fixed reference value S S Updated to
[0037]
T OP ・ T CL The calculation unit 46 has a built-in memory (not shown) composed of a read-only or read / write non-volatile storage device. OP Calculation formula data (T OP = S S + Α) and T CL Calculation formula data (T CL = S S + Β) is stored. T OP ・ T CL When the calculation unit 46 detects that the hot water has been started based on the control operation information of the combustion control unit 36, the calculation unit 46 determines the reference value S from the data storage unit 40. S , And this fixed reference value S S And T OP Calculation formula data and T CL Based on the calculation formula data, the valve opening temperature T OP And valve closing temperature T CL Is calculated, and the obtained valve opening temperature T OP And valve closing temperature T CL Is stored in the data storage unit 40.
[0038]
The above T OP Α shown in the calculation formula data represents the first raising temperature, is a predetermined constant (eg, 3 ° C.), and T CL Β shown in the calculation formula data represents the second raising temperature, and is a predetermined constant (for example, 2 ° C.) smaller than α. The calculated valve opening temperature T OP And valve closing temperature T CL Is written in the data storage unit 40, the valve opening temperature T OP And valve closing temperature T CL The valve opening temperature T previously memorized OP ′ And valve closing temperature T CL 'Is automatically deleted and a new valve opening temperature T OP And valve closing temperature T CL Updated to
[0039]
The opening / closing controller 45 detects the actual hot water temperature T of the outlet hot water temperature sensor 14 via the sampling unit 35 after detecting that the hot water has started from the information of the control operation of the combustion controller 36. OUT , And this measured outlet temperature T OUT And the valve opening temperature T of the data storage unit 40 OP Compare As shown in FIG. 2A, after the start of hot water supply, first, the hot water temperature of the hot water remaining in the hot water supply passage 4 on the outlet side of the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 is detected by the outlet side hot water temperature sensor 14. However, if hot water filling or hot hot water is performed immediately or after boiling occurs, hot water begins to flow out of the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 and the outlet hot water temperature sensor 14 The detected hot water temperature rises.
[0040]
The opening / closing control unit 45 then measures the actual delivery side hot water temperature T. OUT Is the valve opening temperature T OP (T OUT ≧ T OP ) If the bypass valve 10 is closed, the hot water supply set temperature T S There is a problem that hot water that is considerably higher is discharged, and this high temperature hot water makes the hot water user uncomfortable. It is determined that there is a risk of causing burns to the user, and a valve opening signal (a valve opening signal to the bypass passage opening / closing valve) is output to the bypass valve driving means 33, and the bypass valve driving means 33 is shown in FIG. The valve opening signal (opening drive voltage) of the bypass valve opening / closing signal shown in FIG.
[0041]
As described above, by opening the bypass valve 10, the water flowing out of the bypass passage 5 and the bypass passage 8 is always mixed with the hot water flowing out of the hot water supply heat exchanger 1, as shown in FIG. As described above, the temperature of the tapping hot water is lowered and high temperature hot water can be avoided.
[0042]
While the opening / closing control unit 45 detects that the bypass valve 10 is open from the operation information of the bypass valve drive means 33 (during the valve opening period of the bypass valve 10), Side hot water temperature T OUT And the valve closing temperature T of the data storage unit 40 CL As shown in FIG. 2A, the hot water temperature flowing out from the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 starts to decrease, OUT Is the valve closing temperature T CL (T OUT ≦ T CL ), It is determined that there is no longer a risk of high temperature hot water, and a valve closing signal (a valve closing signal to the bypass passage opening / closing valve) is output to the bypass valve driving means 33, and the bypass valve 10 is closed.
[0043]
As described above, the bypass passage 8 and the bypass valve 10 are provided. After the start of pouring, the measured hot water temperature T of the outlet hot water temperature sensor 14 is measured. OUT Is the valve opening temperature T OP When the above conditions are met, that is, when there is a possibility of hot hot water supply, the bypass valve 10 is configured to open, so that hot water supply heat exchange occurs immediately after hot water filling or hot hot water supply or after boiling. When the temperature of the hot water flowing out from the vessel 1 is considerably higher than the temperature of the hot water at the outlet side of the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 for discharging hot water at the hot water supply set temperature, the hot water is always supplied from the bypass passage 5 and the bypass passage 8. The outflowing water is mixed, the hot water temperature of the hot water flowing out from the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 is lowered, and high temperature hot water can be prevented.
[0044]
Moreover, in this example embodiment, S A Setting part 37 and S B Setting unit 38 and S S Deciding part 41 and T OP ・ T CL Since the calculation unit 46 is provided, it is possible to reliably prevent hot water that is considerably higher than the changed hot water supply temperature from being discharged even when the hot water supply temperature is significantly changed immediately before the hot water supply is stopped or during the hot water standby. Can do. This is because if the following problems occur when the hot water supply set temperature is significantly changed immediately before stopping hot water supply or waiting for hot water supply, high temperature hot water discharge may not be prevented. This is because the configuration is avoided.
[0045]
The above-mentioned problem is, for example, regardless of a change in the hot water supply set temperature, the outlet hot water temperature of the hot water heat exchanger 1 when hot water is stopped (that is, the provisional intake reference value S A The valve opening temperature T using OP And valve closing temperature T CL The valve opening temperature T OP And valve closing temperature CL If the opening / closing control of the bypass valve 10 is performed based on the above, it may not be possible to prevent hot hot water supply when the hot water supply set temperature is changed immediately before hot water supply is stopped or during hot water supply standby.
[0046]
That is, when the hot water supply set temperature is changed significantly lower than the hot water supply set temperature at the time of the previous hot water supply while waiting for hot water, the provisional intake reference value S A Valve opening temperature T based on OP And valve closing temperature T CL When the opening / closing control of the bypass valve 10 is performed using the, the bypass valve 10 cannot be opened at the start of pouring, although the hot water is considerably hotter than the set temperature of the hot water supply this time. Even if the bypass valve 10 is opened, the valve closes quickly, hot water higher than the current hot water supply set temperature is discharged, and there is a problem in that the hot water user is uncomfortable.
[0047]
Further, when the hot water supply set temperature is changed to be considerably higher than the hot water supply set temperature at the time of the previous hot water supply while waiting for hot water supply, the provisional intake reference value S A Valve opening temperature T based on OP And valve closing temperature T CL When the opening / closing control of the bypass valve 10 is performed using the, the bypass valve 10 is opened and water is mixed even though the hot water having the hot water set temperature after the change must be supplied, which is considerably higher than the hot water set temperature after the change. Since the hot water is discharged and the combustion capacity control of the hot water burner is performed in the direction of increasing the hot water temperature, the outlet hot water temperature of the hot water heat exchanger 1 does not drop below the valve closing temperature, and the bypass valve 10 will remain open. As described above, when the bypass valve 10 remains open, the following problem occurs.
[0048]
When the hot water supply operation is continued with the bypass valve 10 opened, the hot water produced by mixing the water flowing out of the bypass passage 5 and the bypass passage 8 with the hot water produced by the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 at all times. The combustion capacity control of the hot water burner 2 is performed so that the hot water temperature of the hot water is equal to the set hot water temperature, and the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 is compared to the case where only the water in the bypass passage 5 is always mixed with the hot water of the hot water heat exchanger 1. The hot water temperature of the hot water in the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 after the hot water temperature becomes high and the hot water supply is stopped becomes very high. As described above, when the hot water starts from a state where the hot water temperature of the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 is very high, the water in the bypass passage 8 is always added to the hot water in the hot water heat exchanger 1 in addition to the water in the bypass passage 5. Even if mixing is performed, the hot water temperature becomes considerably higher than the hot water supply set temperature, which may cause a problem that high temperature hot water cannot be prevented.
[0049]
Furthermore, if the hot water supply set temperature is significantly changed immediately before the hot water supply is stopped, the hot water supply may be stopped during the transition to the hot water set temperature after the change. Outlet temperature of heat exchanger (provisional intake standard value S A ), The valve opening temperature and the valve closing temperature are obtained, and the opening / closing control of the bypass valve 10 is performed based on the valve opening temperature and the valve closing temperature. In spite of going, there is a problem that hot water having a temperature greatly deviating from the hot water supply set temperature is discharged.
[0050]
Furthermore, immediately after the start of the hot water that has been cold-started from the state where the hot water in the hot water heat exchanger has cooled down, that is, when the hot water is stopped before the hot water temperature rises to the hot water set temperature, it is considerably higher than the hot water set temperature. Lower hot water temperature (provisional intake standard value S A When the opening / closing control of the bypass valve 10 is performed using the valve opening temperature and the valve closing temperature based on ()), the bypass valve 10 is opened even when the hot water is discharged, even though the bypass valve 10 does not need to be opened. There is a problem that hot water with a lower temperature will come out.
[0051]
In this embodiment, as described above, the provisional capture reference value S A Is the provisional calculation reference value S B When the predetermined allowable range is not exceeded, the provisional calculation reference value S B Is determined standard value S S Therefore, it is possible to avoid the above problems, reliably prevent hot hot water at the time of hot water discharge, and avoid the situation where hot water having a temperature much lower than the hot water supply set temperature is discharged. .
[0052]
By the way, when the data storage unit 40 is formed of a volatile storage device in order to reduce costs, the data storage unit 40 is cleared when the water heater is turned off. When using hot water for the first time after charging, the fixed reference value S is stored in the data storage unit 40. S Is not stored (determined reference value S S In which “0” is given to In such a case, the valve opening temperature T OP And valve closing temperature T CL Is set very low (eg, T OP = 3 ° C, T CL = 2 ° C), the temperature of the hot water flowing out from the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 is the valve opening temperature T OP Since the hot water temperature is as described above, the bypass valve 10 is opened after the start of hot water supply without fear of high temperature hot water, and then the outlet hot water temperature of the hot water heat exchanger 1 is equal to the valve closing temperature T. CL Since it does not drop below, the bypass valve 10 remains open and, as described above, since hot water is being produced in the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 before the hot water supply is stopped, There is a problem that high temperature hot water may not be prevented.
[0053]
Therefore, in this embodiment, in order to avoid the above problem, in addition to the above configuration, S S Presence / absence determination unit 42 and first time S S A setting unit 50 is provided.
[0054]
S S Presence / absence determination unit 42 stores data storage unit 40 with S S Determination reference value S determined by the determination unit 41 S Is stored. Specifically, the fixed reference value S of the data storage unit 40 S Is determined to be “0”. Final reference value S S Is not stored (determined reference value S S Is determined to be “0”), the definite reference value S S Since the above-mentioned problem due to the unstored value occurs, the fixed reference value S S It is necessary to determine the first S S An operation start signal is output to the setting unit 50.
[0055]
First time S S Upon receiving the operation start signal, the setting unit 50 receives the S B Provisional calculation reference value S B To calculate the provisional calculation reference value S B And this provisional calculation reference value S B Is determined standard value S S Is output to the data storage unit 40 as the initial fixed reference value S S Is stored in the data storage unit 40.
[0056]
As above, S S Presence reference value S is stored in data storage unit 40 by presence determination unit 42. S When it is determined that is not stored, the first time S S Setting unit 50 is S B Calculation provisional calculation reference value S of setting unit 38 B The first fixed reference value S S Set as the hot water supply set temperature T S Opening temperature T corresponding to OP ・ Valve closing temperature T CL Is set, and the determined reference value S S Can be avoided.
[0057]
In this embodiment, as described above, the high temperature hot water preventing means 25 of the control device 20 is further provided with T S A monitoring unit 43 and an open / close state monitoring unit 44 are provided, and are configured to avoid the following problems.
[0058]
The problem is that when the hot water supply set temperature is changed after the bypass valve 10 is opened by the control operation of the opening / closing control unit 45 after the start of the hot water supply, T OUT Since the hot water supply operation is performed in the direction to increase the valve closing temperature T corresponding to the hot water supply set temperature before the change CL Is used to determine the valve closing timing, the outlet side hot water temperature T of the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 is determined. OUT Is the valve closing temperature T CL Since the bypass valve 10 remains open and does not drop below, and hot water is made in the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 before the hot water supply is stopped as described above, the high temperature hot water is discharged at the next hot water discharge. There is a possibility that a problem that it cannot be prevented occurs. Further, after the bypass valve 10 is opened, the valve closing temperature T corresponding to the hot water supply set temperature before the change when the hot water set temperature is greatly changed in the direction of lowering. CL When trying to determine the valve closing timing using the, the bypass valve 10 closes quickly, and there is a possibility that hot water considerably higher than the hot water supply set temperature after the change will come out.
[0059]
Therefore, in order to avoid the above problem, as described above, the high temperature hot water prevention means 25 is set to T S A monitoring unit 43 and an open / close state monitoring unit 44 are provided. The open / close state monitoring unit 44 detects that the hot water has started from the control operation information of the combustion control unit 36, and then takes in the open / close operation information of the bypass valve drive means 33 (bypass valve opening shown in FIG. 2C). -Take in the closing signal) and monitor the open / close state of the bypass valve 10.
[0060]
T S While the monitoring unit 43 detects that the bypass valve 10 is open based on the information of the open / close state monitoring unit 44 after the start of hot water supply (the open valve signal of the bypass valve open / close signal (drive voltage)) Is supplied to the bypass valve 10 from the bypass valve driving means 33), and the hot water supply set temperature T set in the hot water supply temperature setting means 21 via the sampling unit 35. S Is sampled and stored in the built-in memory, and the hot water supply set temperature T sampled at the previous sampling is sampled. S 'Is read from the built-in memory, and the previous hot water set temperature T S 'And the hot water set temperature T S Compare
[0061]
As a result of comparison, this hot water supply set temperature T S Is the previous hot water supply set temperature T S ′, When it is determined that the predetermined set range γ (for example, ± 2 ° C.) is out of the range, the hot water supply set temperature has been greatly changed during the opening period of the bypass valve 10, so the opening period of the bypass valve 10 The problem due to the change of the hot water supply set temperature in the interior may occur, and it is determined that the problem must be avoided, and the S B Provisional calculation reference value S of setting unit 38 B Calculation and S S Determination reference value S of the determination unit 41 S Decision action and T OP ・ T CL Valve opening temperature T of calculation unit 46 OP ・ Valve closing temperature T CL The calculation operation is performed again, and the hot water supply set temperature T after the change is changed. S Valve opening temperature T corresponding to OP And valve closing temperature T CL To ask.
[0062]
In addition, you may give 0 degreeC to the said setting range (gamma). The built-in memory also has a hot water supply set temperature T S Is written, the hot water set temperature at the time of the last sampling stored in the memory is automatically deleted, and a new hot water set temperature T S It has been updated to.
[0063]
As above, T S Since the monitoring unit 43 and the open / close state monitoring unit 44 are provided, these T S When the hot water supply set temperature is changed when the bypass valve 10 is opened by the operation of the monitoring unit 43 and the open / close state monitoring unit 44, the valve opening temperature T corresponding to the changed hot water supply set temperature is set. OP And valve closing temperature T CL Therefore, it is possible to reliably avoid the above-mentioned problem caused by the change of the hot water supply set temperature during the valve opening period of the bypass valve 10.
[0064]
According to this embodiment, the bypass passage 8 and the bypass valve 10 are provided, and when there is a possibility of hot hot water after the start of hot water (outside hot water temperature T of the hot water supply heat exchanger 1). OUT Is the valve opening temperature T OP Since the bypass valve 10 is configured to open (when the above is reached), when there is a possibility of high temperature hot water, the hot water flowing out of the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 is mixed with the hot water. The temperature is lowered, and hot water created for hot water filling or hot hot water or hot hot water caused by post-boiling can be prevented.
[0065]
Moreover, since the bypass passage 8 and the bypass valve 10 are provided and only the opening / closing control of the bypass valve 10 is performed, as described above, high temperature hot water at the time of hot water can be prevented, so that the pipe line configuration and the control configuration can be simplified. An epoch-making effect that it is easy can be achieved.
[0066]
Furthermore, even if the hot water supply set temperature is changed during waiting for hot water, etc., the valve opening temperature T based on the changed hot water supply set temperature is used. OP And valve closing temperature T CL The valve opening temperature T that can reliably prevent high temperature hot water at the time of hot water OP , Valve closing temperature T CL Can be obtained. And at the start of hot water, these valve opening temperatures T OP And valve closing temperature T CL Therefore, even if the hot water supply set temperature is changed during waiting for hot water, etc., it is possible to reliably prevent hot hot water at the time of hot water, and there is no fear of hot hot water. 10 can be prevented from malfunctioning, and the bypass valve 10 can remain open, preventing the possibility of high temperature hot water discharge being prevented during the next hot water discharge. It is possible to discharge hot water stably.
[0067]
In addition, S S Presence / absence determination unit 42 and first time S S Since the setting unit 50 is provided, the fixed reference value S is stored in the data storage unit 40 when the power is turned on. S S is not stored B Provisional calculation reference value S obtained by setting unit 38 B Is the first fixed reference value S S As the valve opening temperature T corresponding to the hot water supply set temperature. OP ・ Valve closing temperature T CL Can be set and the valve opening temperature T OP ・ Valve closing temperature T CL Can be avoided when the temperature is set to be very low, and the hot water at the hot water supply set temperature can be stably discharged similarly to the above.
[0068]
In addition, T S Since the monitoring unit 43 and the open / closed state monitoring unit 44 are provided, when the hot water supply set temperature is largely changed while the bypass valve 10 is open, the valve opening temperature T is changed based on the changed hot water supply set temperature. OP And valve closing temperature T CL Can be obtained again, and the obtained valve closing temperature T CL Is used to determine the closing timing of the bypass valve 10, so that when the bypass valve 10 is open, the bypass valve 10 remains open because the hot water supply set temperature has changed significantly in the direction of increasing. The problem is that high temperature hot water discharge may not be prevented at the next hot water discharge, and if the hot water supply set temperature is greatly changed in the direction of lowering, the bypass valve 10 closes quickly and is considerably higher than the hot water supply set temperature. The problem of no hot water coming out can be avoided.
[0069]
In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, Various embodiment can be taken. For example, in addition to the configuration of the embodiment described above, a mode discriminating unit for discriminating the operation mode is provided, and this mode discrimination is performed when operating the water heaters as shown in FIGS. The opening / closing control of the bypass valve 10 may be performed only when the start of operation in the hot water supply mode is detected by the means. Of course, the opening / closing control of the bypass valve 10 may be performed also when hot water filling or hot water filling is performed.
[0070]
Further, in the above embodiment, the start of the hot water is detected based on the information of the control operation of the combustion control unit 36, but the start of the hot water may be detected using the sensor output of the flow rate detection sensor 12. Then, a sensor such as a running water switch (hot water supply confirmation switch) for detecting running water is provided on the hot water tap 19 side of the hot water supply passage 4 of each water heater shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, and hot water discharge is started using the sensor output of this sensor. May be detected.
[0071]
Furthermore, although the bypass passage 5 is always provided in the water heater shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, the high-temperature hot water prevention means shown in the above embodiment is applied to various combustion devices that always omit the bypass passage 5. The high temperature hot water prevention means 25 of the above embodiment is provided and the high temperature hot water prevention operation is performed, so that hot water that exceeds the allowable range of the hot water supply temperature at the time of hot water is used. The problem of causing discomfort to the person and the danger of hot hot water can be avoided. When the bypass passage 5 is always omitted as described above, the branch pipe configuration can be simplified.
[0072]
As described above, when the bypass passage 5 is always omitted, the flow rate Q shown in FIG. V1 All flow into the hot water supply heat exchanger 1, so the flow rate Q HE = Flow rate Q V1 S shown in the above embodiment example B Calculation formula data (S B = (T s -(1-m) T 1 ) / M) constant m (m = Q HE / Q V1 ) Is preliminarily given “1”.
[0073]
Furthermore, in the above embodiment, S B Setting unit 38 is S B Calculation formula data (S B = (T s -(1-m) T 1 ) / M) based on the provisional calculation reference value S B For example, hot water supply set temperature T s And incoming water temperature T 1 The provisional calculation reference value S B Table data, graph data, etc. for detecting the B S as detection data B It is stored in the built-in memory of the setting unit 38 and this S B Temporary calculation reference value S based on the detected data B The temporary calculation reference value S is detected by another method that does not use calculation. B May be detected.
[0074]
Furthermore, in the above embodiment, only one set of the bypass passage 8 and its bypass valve 10 is provided, but a plurality of sets may be provided. In this case, the bypass valves are individually controlled. For example, a first valve opening temperature and a first valve closing temperature correspond to the first bypass valve, and a second valve opening temperature higher than the first valve opening temperature and a second valve opening temperature correspond to the second bypass valve. As the second valve closing temperature higher than the valve closing temperature of 1 corresponds, the number of bypass valves opened increases as the outlet side hot water temperature of the hot water heat exchanger 1 increases. A valve opening temperature and a valve closing temperature corresponding to the bypass valve may be set, and each bypass valve may be individually controlled based on the valve opening temperature and the valve closing temperature. In this case, the ratio of the amount of mixing water to the amount of hot water flowing out of the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 can be varied according to the degree of post-boiling and the like.
[0075]
Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the incoming water temperature T 1 Was detected directly from the incoming water temperature sensor 13, but the incoming water temperature T 1 Incoming water temperature detecting means is provided for calculating and calculating the incoming water temperature T by the incoming water temperature detecting operation of the incoming water temperature detecting means as follows. 1 May be calculated.
[0076]
For example, the incoming water temperature detecting means obtains the combustion capacity (combustion heat amount) J of the hot water supply burner from the combustion control section 36 and the hot water supply temperature setting means 21 from the hot water supply temperature setting means 21. S From the flow rate detection sensor 12 0 Respectively, and these combustion capacity J and hot water set temperature T S And incoming water flow Q 0 And the input water temperature calculation formula data (T 1 = T S -(J / (m ・ Q 0 C); where m is the incoming water flow rate Q when the bypass valve 10 is closed 0 On the basis of the ratio of the flow rate through the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 with respect to (for example, when the flow rate ratio between the predetermined hot water supply heat exchanger 1 and the constant bypass passage 5 is 7: 3, “0.7” is given in advance to m)), Incoming water temperature T 1 Is calculated.
[0077]
Furthermore, in the combustion apparatus of the above embodiment, the remote controller 18 is provided with the hot water supply temperature setting means 21, and the hot water user uses the hot water supply temperature setting means 21 to set the hot water supply temperature T S However, in the present invention, the hot water supply temperature setting means 21 is omitted, and the predetermined hot water supply temperature T is set. S However, the present invention can also be applied to a constant temperature hot water type combustion device provided to the control device 20.
[0078]
Furthermore, in the above embodiment, T OP ・ T CL The calculation unit 46 calculates the valve opening temperature T OP And valve closing temperature T CL Was calculated, but the definite reference value S S Based on the valve opening temperature T OP , Valve closing temperature CL Table data, graph data, etc. for detecting OP Detection data, T CL These are stored in the built-in memory as detection data, and these T OP Detection data and T CL Detection data and definite reference value S S Based on the valve opening temperature T OP And valve closing temperature T CL The valve opening temperature T can be detected by another method that does not use computation. OP And valve closing temperature T CL May be detected.
[0079]
Furthermore, in the above embodiment, T OP ・ T CL The calculation unit 46 calculates the valve opening temperature T at the start of the hot water. OP And valve closing temperature T CL Was calculated, but while waiting for hot water, S S The determination unit 41 determines the reference value S S Each time a fixed reference value S is determined. S The valve opening temperature T OP And valve closing temperature T CL Or a fixed reference value S from the data storage unit 40 every predetermined time interval (for example, every 10 seconds) during hot water waiting. S Is read and the valve opening temperature T OP And valve closing temperature T CL May be calculated.
[0080]
Furthermore, in the above embodiment, S B Setting part 38 and T S Monitoring unit 43 and T OP ・ T CL Each calculation unit 46 has a separate built-in memory. B Setting part 38 and T S Monitoring unit 43 and T OP ・ T CL A common memory for the calculation unit 46 may be provided. When the data storage unit 40 is configured by, for example, a non-volatile storage device, the data storage unit 40 includes the above S. B Setting part 38 and T S Monitoring unit 43 and T OP ・ T CL A configuration may also be used in which the memory of the calculation unit 46 is also used. In this case, of course, the S B Calculation formula data and T OP Calculation formula data and T CL Calculation formula data and T S The hot water supply set temperature data taken in by the monitoring unit 43 is stored in the data storage unit 40.
[0081]
In addition, as described above, when the data storage unit 40 is configured by a non-volatile device, the data in the data storage unit 40 is not erased even when the power supply of the water heater is turned off. Predetermined reference value S stored in the data storage unit 40 during construction S (For example, the outlet side hot water temperature of the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 that discharges the hot water temperature that is considered to be set most frequently as the hot water supply set temperature) Confirmed reference value in the data storage unit 40 at the time of input S Is not stored, in this case S S Presence / absence determination unit 42 and first time S S The setting unit 50 may be omitted. S S Presence / absence determination unit 42 and first time S S When the setting unit 50 is omitted, the control configuration of the control device 20 can be simplified correspondingly.
[0082]
Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the valve opening temperature T OP The first raised temperature α used to determine the valve closing temperature T CL The second raising temperature β used to determine the first raising temperature β is determined in advance, but the control device 20 is provided with variable setting means for variably setting the first raising temperature α and the second raising temperature β. It may be provided on a control board or the like that allows a serviceman or the like to variably set the first raised temperature α and the second raised temperature β.
[0083]
Furthermore, in the above embodiment, T S A monitoring unit 43 and an open / closed state monitoring unit 44 were provided. S The monitoring unit 43 and the open / closed state monitoring unit 44 may be omitted. Since the hot water supply set temperature rarely changes while the bypass valve 10 is open, as described above, T S This is because even if the monitoring unit 43 and the open / closed state monitoring unit 44 are omitted, there is almost no trouble in normal use.
[0084]
Furthermore, although only one bypass passage 5 is always provided in the above embodiment, a plurality of always bypass passages 5 may be provided. Also in this case, as described above, the plurality of constant bypass passages 5 are formed so that the flow rate ratio between the flow rate of the hot water supply heat exchanger 1 and the total flow rate of these constant bypass passages is a flow rate ratio determined in advance by the pipe resistance. .
[0085]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, after the start of hot water, when there is a possibility of high temperature hot water, the bypass passage opening / closing valve is opened to mix the water in the bypass passage with the hot water flowing out of the hot water supply heat exchanger. It is possible to reliably prevent hot water caused by boiling after the hot water supply heat exchanger from coming out at the time of hot water, and in the case of combustion equipment with hot water filling to the bath or hot water hot water function, It is possible to prevent the filling of hot water and the hot water used for the hot water hot water from coming out immediately after the hot water hot water is finished. Remaining water on the hot water supply side of the hot water supply heat exchanger is heated by reheating combustion of the hot water supply burner in a single operation, and hot water can be prevented from being discharged at the start of the hot water discharge. The problem of unpleasantness due to hot springs It is possible to avoid the danger due to the high temperature hot water.
[0086]
Further, when it is determined that the provisional uptake reference value is outside the predetermined allowable range from the provisional calculation reference value, the provisional uptake reference value is determined as the fixed reference value. When it is far away from the outlet water temperature (temporary calculation reference value) of the hot water supply heat exchanger for discharging hot water at the set temperature, the provisional intake reference value is not set to the fixed reference value, and the provisional calculation reference The value is set as a fixed reference value, and it becomes possible to obtain the valve opening temperature and the valve closing temperature for reliably preventing high temperature hot water based on this fixed reference value.
[0087]
For this reason, the hot water supply has been changed due to a major change in the direction in which the set temperature of the hot water rises immediately before the previous hot water supply stop or while waiting for hot water, or because the previous hot water supply was stopped before the hot water temperature rose. The temperature that is considerably lower than the set temperature is not set as the valve opening temperature and valve closing temperature, and the valve opening temperature is set low. There is a possibility that the valve will not be closed after the bypass passage opening / closing valve is opened and the high temperature hot water discharge at the next hot water discharge cannot be prevented because the valve closing temperature is set low. Can be avoided.
[0088]
Furthermore, due to the fact that the hot water supply set temperature has changed significantly in the direction of lowering immediately before the previous hot water supply stop or while waiting for hot water, temperatures that are significantly higher than the changed hot water supply set temperature are set as the valve opening temperature and valve closing temperature. After starting the hot water supply, hot water with a temperature considerably higher than the hot water supply set temperature has been discharged, but the hot water has come out without opening the bypass passage opening / closing valve, which is inconvenient for the hot water user. The problem of giving a pleasant sensation and the danger caused by high temperature hot water can be prevented.
[0089]
Further, as described above, it is possible to prevent high-temperature hot water at the time of hot water by simply providing the minimum bypass passage and its opening / closing valve, so that the pipe configuration can be simplified and the cost of the water heater can be reduced. An epoch-making effect can be achieved.
[0090]
In the configuration in which the determination reference value presence / absence determination unit and the initial determination reference value setting unit are provided, the provisional calculation reference value is set as the determination reference value when there is no determination reference value data. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the fact that the valve opening temperature and the valve closing temperature are set much lower than the hot water supply set temperature, and that the valve opening temperature and the valve closing temperature are set much lower than the hot water supply set temperature. Problem can be avoided.
[0091]
In the configuration where the open / close state monitoring unit and the hot water set temperature monitoring unit are provided, if the hot water set temperature is largely changed when the bypass passage open / close valve is open, the hot water set temperature after the change is supported. Therefore, there is a problem that the bypass passage opening / closing valve closes early and the hot water that is considerably higher than the hot water supply set temperature is discharged even though the bypass passage opening / closing valve must be opened. The valve closing temperature is too low, the outlet hot water temperature of the hot water supply heat exchanger does not fall below the valve closing temperature, and the bypass passage on-off valve may remain open, preventing high temperature hot water from being discharged the next time. The problem of being there can be avoided reliably.
[0092]
In a configuration in which a bypass passage that does not have an on-off valve that short-circuits the water supply passage and the hot water supply passage of the hot water supply heat exchanger is provided, it is heated by the hot water supply heat exchanger at the outlet of the constant bypass passage of the hot water supply passage. For example, the temperature of the hot water flowing out of the hot water supply heat exchanger must be lowered by opening the bypass passage opening and closing valve and passing through the bypass passage. In spite of this, even if the bypass passage on-off valve malfunctions and does not open, the hot water in the hot water heat exchanger is always mixed with the water in the bypass passage as described above. Since the temperature is lowered, it is possible to avoid a serious problem that the hot water is hot and the user of the hot water is burned.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a high temperature hot water preventing means unique to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a time chart showing an operation example of bypass valve opening / closing control.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing an example of a temporal change in the temperature of accumulated hot water in a hot water supply heat exchanger.
FIG. 4 is a model diagram showing a system configuration example of a water heater that is a combustion apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a model diagram showing a system configuration example of a composite water heater that is a combustion apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a model diagram showing an example of the system configuration of a hot water supply device with a hot water filling function (high temperature hot water function) that is a combustion apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a model diagram showing a system configuration example of a water heater having a single can / two water configuration, which is a combustion device according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Hot water heat exchanger
3 water supply passage
4 Hot water passage
5 Always bypass
8 Bypass passage
10 Bypass valve
13 Water temperature sensor
14 Outlet temperature sensor
21 Hot water temperature setting means
37 S A Setting section
38 S B Setting section
40 Data storage
41 S S Decision part
42 S S Presence judgment part
43 T S Monitoring unit
44 Open / close status monitoring unit
45 Open / close control unit
46 T OP ・ T CL Calculation unit
50 First time S S Setting section

Claims (5)

給水通路より導かれる水を給湯バーナ燃焼の熱を利用して加熱し給湯通路へ流出する給湯熱交換器と、この給湯熱交換器の入側の給水通路と出側の給湯通路を短絡するバイパス通路と、該バイパス通路の開閉を行うバイパス通路開閉弁と、給水通路の水の温度を検出する入水温度検出手段と、給湯熱交換器の出側の湯水温度を検出する給湯熱交換器出側湯温センサとを有する燃焼機器において、給湯熱交換器出側湯温センサが検出した給湯熱交換器の実測出側湯温を暫定取り込み基準値として取り込む暫定取り込み基準値設定部と；予め定められた給湯設定温度の情報に基づき又はこの給湯設定温度と入水温度検出手段が検出した検出入水温との情報に基づき、バイパス通路開閉弁が閉弁していると仮定したときの出湯湯温が給湯設定温度になるための給湯熱交換器の出側の湯温を求め、この求めた湯温を暫定演算基準値として設定する暫定演算基準値設定部と；この暫定演算基準値設定部が設定した暫定演算基準値と前記暫定取り込み基準値設定部が設定した暫定取り込み基準値を比較し、暫定取り込み基準値が暫定演算基準値より予め定めた許容範囲を外れていると判断したときには暫定演算基準値を確定基準値として決定し、それ以外のときには暫定取り込み基準値を確定基準値として決定する確定基準値決定部と；この確定基準値決定部が決定した確定基準値に基づき予め定めた条件の下でバイパス通路開閉弁の開閉制御を行うバイパス通路開閉弁開閉制御部と；を有する燃焼機器。A hot water heat exchanger that heats water guided from the hot water supply passage using the heat of hot water burner combustion and flows out to the hot water supply passage, and a bypass that short-circuits the hot water passage on the inlet side and the hot water supply passage on the outlet side of the hot water heat exchanger A passage, a bypass passage opening / closing valve for opening and closing the bypass passage, an incoming water temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the water in the water supply passage, and a hot water supply heat exchanger outlet for detecting the hot water temperature on the outlet side of the hot water heat exchanger In a combustion apparatus having a hot water temperature sensor, a provisional intake reference value setting unit that takes in the actually measured hot water temperature of the hot water heat exchanger detected by the hot water supply heat exchanger outlet hot water temperature sensor as a temporary intake reference value; The hot water temperature when the bypass passage opening / closing valve is assumed to be closed is based on the information on the hot water set temperature or on the information on the hot water set temperature and the detected incoming water temperature detected by the incoming water temperature detecting means. Set temperature A provisional calculation reference value setting unit that obtains the hot water temperature on the outlet side of the hot water supply heat exchanger for setting and sets the obtained hot water temperature as a provisional calculation reference value; and a provisional calculation reference set by the provisional calculation reference value setting unit The provisional capture reference value set by the provisional capture reference value setting unit is compared, and when it is determined that the provisional capture reference value is out of the predetermined allowable range from the provisional computation reference value, the provisional computation reference value is determined A deterministic reference value determining unit that determines the provisional capture reference value as a deterministic reference value otherwise; a bypass passage under a predetermined condition based on the deterministic reference value determined by the definitive reference value determining unit A bypass passage opening / closing valve opening / closing control unit that performs opening / closing control of the opening / closing valve; 給水通路より導かれる水を給湯バーナ燃焼の熱を利用して加熱し給湯通路へ流出する給湯熱交換器と、この給湯熱交換器の入側の給水通路と出側の給湯通路を短絡するバイパス通路と、該バイパス通路の開閉を行うバイパス通路開閉弁と、給水通路の水の温度を検出する入水温度検出手段と、給湯熱交換器の出側の湯水温度を検出する給湯熱交換器出側湯温センサと、給湯温度を設定するための給湯温度設定手段とを有する燃焼機器において、給湯バーナの給湯燃焼の停止時に給湯熱交換器出側湯温センサが検出した給湯熱交換器の実測出側湯温を暫定取り込み基準値として取り込む暫定取り込み基準値設定部と；予め定めた時間間隔で給湯温度設定手段に設定されている給湯設定温度を取り込み、この給湯設定温度の情報に基づき又はこの給湯設定温度と入水温度検出手段が検出した検出入水温との情報に基づき、バイパス通路開閉弁が閉弁していると仮定したときの出湯湯温が給湯設定温度になるための給湯熱交換器の出側の湯温を求め、この求めた湯温を暫定演算基準値として設定する暫定演算基準値設定部と；この暫定演算基準値設定部が設定した暫定演算基準値と前記暫定取り込み基準値設定部が設定した暫定取り込み基準値を比較し、暫定取り込み基準値が暫定演算基準値より予め定めた許容範囲を外れていると判断したときには暫定演算基準値を確定基準値として決定し、それ以外のときには暫定取り込み基準値を確定基準値として決定する確定基準値決定部と；この確定基準値決定部が決定した確定基準値より予め定めた第１の嵩上げ温度だけ高い開弁温度と、前記第１の嵩上げ温度より小さい予め定めた第２の嵩上げ温度だけ前記確定基準値より高い閉弁温度とを求める開弁・閉弁温度算出部と；この開弁・閉弁温度算出部が求めた開弁温度と閉弁温度が格納されるデータ格納部と；出湯が開始された後に給湯熱交換器出側湯温センサの実測出側湯温と前記データ格納部に格納されている温度データを比較し、実測出側湯温が開弁温度以上であると判断したときにバイパス通路開閉弁への開弁信号を出力してバイパス通路開閉弁を開弁させ、実測出側湯温が閉弁温度以下であると判断したときにバイパス通路開閉弁への閉弁信号を出力するバイパス通路開閉弁開閉制御部と；を有する燃焼機器。A hot water heat exchanger that heats water guided from the hot water supply passage using the heat of hot water burner combustion and flows out to the hot water supply passage, and a bypass that short-circuits the hot water passage on the inlet side and the hot water supply passage on the outlet side of the hot water heat exchanger A passage, a bypass passage opening / closing valve for opening and closing the bypass passage, an incoming water temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the water in the water supply passage, and a hot water supply heat exchanger outlet for detecting the hot water temperature on the outlet side of the hot water heat exchanger In a combustion apparatus having a hot water temperature sensor and a hot water temperature setting means for setting a hot water temperature, an actual output of the hot water heat exchanger detected by the hot water temperature sensor on the outlet side of the hot water heat exchanger when the hot water combustion of the hot water burner is stopped is detected. A provisional take-in reference value setting unit for taking in the side hot water temperature as a provisional take-in reference value; fetching a hot water set temperature set in the hot water supply temperature setting means at a predetermined time interval, and based on this hot water set temperature information or A hot water supply heat exchanger for assuming that the bypass passage opening / closing valve is closed based on information on the hot water set temperature and the detected incoming water temperature detected by the incoming water temperature detecting means, so that the hot water temperature becomes the hot water set temperature. A provisional calculation reference value setting unit that obtains the hot water temperature at the outlet side of the gas and sets the calculated hot water temperature as a provisional calculation reference value; the provisional calculation reference value set by the provisional calculation reference value setting unit and the provisional intake reference value When the provisional capture reference value set by the setting unit is compared and it is determined that the provisional capture reference value is outside the predetermined allowable range from the provisional computation reference value, the provisional computation reference value is determined as the final reference value, and otherwise A final reference value determination unit that determines the provisional intake standard value as a final reference value; a valve opening temperature that is higher than the final reference value determined by the final reference value determination unit by a first raised temperature; A valve opening / closing temperature calculation unit for obtaining a valve closing temperature higher than the predetermined reference value by a predetermined second raising temperature lower than the first raising temperature; and the valve opening / closing temperature calculation unit obtained A data storage unit for storing the valve opening temperature and the valve closing temperature; an actual delivery side hot water temperature of the hot water supply heat exchanger exit side hot water temperature sensor after the start of the hot water and the temperature data stored in the data storage unit; In comparison, when it is determined that the measured outlet side hot water temperature is equal to or higher than the valve opening temperature, a valve opening signal is output to the bypass passage on / off valve to open the bypass passage on / off valve, and the actually measured outlet side hot water temperature is closed. And a bypass passage opening / closing valve opening / closing control section that outputs a valve closing signal to the bypass passage opening / closing valve when it is determined that the temperature is equal to or lower than the temperature. 確定基準値決定部の確定基準値決定動作により決定された確定基準値のデータがあるか否かを判断する確定基準値有無判断部と；この確定基準値有無判断部が確定基準値がないと判断したときには暫定演算基準値設定部が求めた暫定演算基準値を確定基準値として設定する初回確定基準値設定部と；を設ける構成にしたことを特徴とする請求項２記載の燃焼機器。A determination reference value presence / absence determination unit that determines whether there is data of a determination reference value determined by a determination reference value determination operation of the determination reference value determination unit; The combustion apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising: an initial fixed reference value setting unit that sets the temporary calculation reference value obtained by the temporary calculation reference value setting unit as a fixed reference value when the determination is made. 出湯開始後にバイパス通路開閉弁の開・閉状態を監視する開閉状態監視部と；この開閉状態監視部の情報に基づき、バイパス通路開閉弁が開弁状態にあると検知している間に給湯設定温度が変更されたか否かを監視する給湯設定温度監視部と；が設けられ、バイパス通路開閉弁が開弁しているときに給湯設定温度が変更になった場合には暫定演算基準値設定部の暫定演算基準値設定動作と確定基準値決定部の確定基準値決定動作と開弁・閉弁温度算出部の開弁・閉弁温度算出動作が再度行われる構成としたことを特徴とする請求項２又は請求項３記載の燃焼機器。An open / close state monitoring unit for monitoring the open / close state of the bypass passage on / off valve after the start of hot water supply; hot water supply setting while detecting that the bypass passage on / off valve is open based on the information of the open / close state monitoring unit A hot water supply set temperature monitoring unit for monitoring whether or not the temperature has been changed; and when the hot water supply set temperature is changed when the bypass passage opening / closing valve is open, a provisional calculation reference value setting unit The provisional calculation reference value setting operation, the fixed reference value determining operation of the fixed reference value determining unit, and the valve opening / closing temperature calculating operation of the valve opening / closing temperature calculating unit are performed again. The combustion device according to claim 2 or claim 3. 給湯熱交換器の給水通路と、給湯熱交換器の給湯通路を短絡する開閉弁を持たない常時バイパス通路が設けられ、暫定演算基準値設定部は入水温度検出手段が検出した検出入水温と、給湯温度設定手段に設定されている給湯設定温度と、予め定まる給湯熱交換器の流量と常時バイパス通路の流量の流量比に基づき、バイパス通路開閉弁が閉弁していると仮定したときの出湯湯温が給湯設定温度になるための給湯熱交換器の出側の湯温を求め、この求めた湯温を暫定演算基準値として設定する構成としたことを特徴とする請求項２又は請求項３又は請求項４記載の燃焼機器。A water supply passage of the hot water supply heat exchanger and a bypass passage that does not have an open / close valve that short-circuits the hot water supply passage of the hot water supply heat exchanger are provided, and the provisional calculation reference value setting unit detects the incoming water temperature detected by the incoming water temperature detecting means, Hot water output when it is assumed that the bypass passage on-off valve is closed based on the hot water set temperature set in the hot water supply temperature setting means and the flow rate ratio between the predetermined flow rate of the hot water supply heat exchanger and the flow rate of the bypass passage. The temperature of the outlet side of the hot water supply heat exchanger for the hot water temperature to become the hot water supply set temperature is obtained, and the obtained hot water temperature is set as a provisional calculation reference value. The combustion device according to claim 3 or claim 4.
JP13953096A 1996-05-09 1996-05-09 Combustion equipment Expired - Fee Related JP3756988B2 (en)

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KR100721460B1 (en) * 2005-11-19 2007-05-25 주식회사 경동에버런 Device for preventing initial hot water supplying in concentric tube type heat exchanger
CN102865668A (en) * 2012-09-28 2013-01-09 陈建平 Method and product for reducing outlet water temperature fluctuation of instant water heater

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