JP3747411B2 - Organic waste crushing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an organic waste crushing method and apparatus for supplying organic waste to a resource recycling system, and in particular, the input organic waste is separated by the particle size after crushing and is effective for recycling. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for separating and discharging wastes and other processing residues and impurities.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When organic waste is supplied to a recycling system such as methane fermentation, composting and feed, or to a treatment system such as separation / extinction, drying, and sewage merging, the organic waste is finely crushed. If the particle size is small and uniform, the chances of contact with microorganisms and heat medium increase, and the speed of fermentation and processing can be increased. In addition, fluidity is ensured and transportability is improved. It is.
In addition, organic waste often contains impurities that are unnecessary for recycling, such as bone, skin, metal, and vinyl, so it is necessary to separate them.
[0003]
In JP 2000-179121 “Crusher”, the particle size of the crushed material is adjusted by changing the distance between the rotary blade and the fixed blade by changing the height of the rotating plate at the bottom of the crushing tank. There is no outlet for crushing residue.
In Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2001-259461 “Raw garbage crushing processing apparatus”, the crushing ability is changed by changing the interval and the crossing angle between the fixed blade and the rotary blade. Crushed garbage is discharged from the outlet at the bottom of the crushing tank. It is intended to reduce garbage and is not intended for strict particle size control.
In Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 11-104605, “garbage decomposition processing system”, garbage thrown into a hopper is supplied to a crusher by a screw conveyor. At this time, it is controlled so that a certain amount of garbage corresponding to the processing capacity of the next process (such as a crusher) can be supplied, but the specific control method is not clear.
In general, when organic wastes with different specific gravity are mixed, or when the amount of organic waste is not enough relative to the capacity of the screw conveyor, the filling rate of the organic waste in the screw becomes uneven and the quantity is determined. Supply becomes difficult. If the input amount is excessive, an overload acts on the motor of the crusher, and there is a risk that the crushing capacity is lowered or the motor is damaged.
[0004]
In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-137730 “High pressure pulverized soot processing system” and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-1998 “Garbage disposal apparatus and method”, raw garbage is put into a high pressure cylinder and crushed at high pressure, and crushed residue and impurities. However, due to the principle of high-pressure crushing, the apparatus becomes large, and a mechanism and power for discharging impurities and crushing residue are required separately.
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-167426 “Impeller and Separation Device for Separators” and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-177888, “Garbage-like Waste Foreign Material Separation Device”, an impeller is used to discharge from the inlet side into the crushing tank. It generates airflow toward the outlet, separating and discharging impurities and crushing residues, but it takes a long time to discharge hard and relatively heavy impurities such as fish bones and crushing residues. And lightweight waste can be discharged directly without being crushed in airflow. Moreover, since airflow is generated in the crushing tank, intake / exhaust is necessary, and therefore countermeasures against odor are necessary.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The main object of the present invention is to separate the input organic waste by the particle size after crushing, and separate and discharge it into those that are effective for recycling and other processing residues and impurities. Is to provide.
Another object of the present invention is to control the input amount of organic waste to prevent overloading of the crushing motor and to improve crushing performance.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
This invention provides the method of crushing and discharging | emitting organic waste in a tank as the 1st aspect. In this method, an opening / closing plate of an automatic opening / closing type is provided while a perforated plate in which holes of uniform size are gathered is installed at the first discharge port of the crushed material, and the particle size of the crushed material discharged is set to a predetermined value or less. It is characterized in that the processing residue and contaminants staying in the tank without being below a predetermined value are discharged from the second discharge port having, and the crushed material is separated into two types to flow smoothly. Yes.
[0007]
[Action]
That is, in the present invention, only the waste crushed to a certain particle size or less so that it can be recycled is separated by the perforated plate and discharged from the first discharge port, and the other is discharged from the second discharge port. Thus, the crushing capacity is improved, the subsequent recycling process is facilitated, and the disposal of processing residues and contaminants is facilitated.
[0008]
This invention provides the method of crushing and discharging | emitting organic waste in a tank as the 2nd aspect. In this method, the load applied to the crushing motor is detected by the current value, and the weight of the organic waste put into the crushing tank is estimated by comparing it with the approximate load curve of the weight obtained in advance. It is characterized by controlling the amount of waste input to prevent a decrease in the rotational speed due to an overload of the motor.
More specifically, a time-current curve of the crusher motor with respect to the weight of the input organic waste is approximately determined in advance, and the value on the curve at the elapsed time is compared with the measured motor current value. A comparison is made continuously to estimate the input weight. Based on this estimated value, the operation of the conveyor in the feeder is controlled by a method such as starting and stopping.
Thus, it is possible to prevent the amount of the organic waste charged into the crushing tank from becoming excessive, to prevent a reduction in the rotation speed due to overload of the motor, and to improve the crushing processing capacity.
[0009]
As a third aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for crushing and discharging organic waste in a tank is provided. This device accepts organic waste and feeds it to the subsequent crushing tank, crushing tank connected to the downstream side of the feeder, and estimates the input weight of the organic waste and adjusts the input amount A control device, and the feeder is provided with a hopper for feeding the organic waste, and a conveyor (for example, a screw conveyor) for conveying the organic waste in the hopper, and the crushing tank has a waste disposal A rotary blade and a fixed blade for crushing the object, a first discharge port for discharging the crushed material for recycling, and a second discharge port for discharging the processing residue and contaminants are provided to close the first discharge port. A punching plate with holes of uniform size is installed, and an automatic opening / closing plate is installed at the second discharge port, and the control device has a current value of a motor that drives the rotary blade. Detecting organic waste To estimate the weight so as to control the operation of the conveyor.
[0010]
Thus, it is possible to discharge the processing residue and contaminants staying in the tank without decreasing below the predetermined value from the second discharge port while keeping the particle size of the crushed material discharged from the first discharge port below the predetermined value. Thus, the capacity of the crushing process is improved, the amount of the organic waste charged into the crushing tank is prevented from being excessive, and a reduction in the rotation speed due to an overload of the motor is prevented.
Furthermore, a means for injecting water toward the inside of the crushing tank can be provided to clean the inside of the crushing tank and facilitate discharge of the crushed material. The control device can control the start / stop, rotation speed change, etc. of all motors including the opening / closing operation of the opening / closing plate.
[0011]
The crushing procedure of the crushing method according to the present invention is as follows.
(1) Operate the crusher (2) Supply the organic waste to the crusher by the screw conveyor of the organic waste feeder. At that time, the input amount of waste is kept at an appropriate value by the input amount control device of the crusher (3) At the same time as the input, water supply for water content adjustment is performed by the water supply washing device (4) The particle size is below the specified value (5) After crushing for a certain period of time, the crushing residue discharge port is opened, and the crushing residue and impurities remaining in the crushing tank are separated and discharged. At the same time, washing water is sprayed at a high pressure into the crushing tank and the two outlets. Wash water is discharged from the crushing residue discharge port.
(6) Close the crushing residue outlet (7) Repeat steps 1-6.
[0012]
The effects of the present invention are as follows.
(1) Stricter particle size control is possible by the size and opening ratio of the crushing material discharge port (2) By discharging crushing residue, performance degradation due to processing residue accumulation during continuous crushing is avoided (3) Feeding amount feedback can be achieved by adding a function to estimate the input weight on the crusher side, and quantitative supply can be realized. (4) Estimation of the input weight can reduce crushing performance and damage the motor. (5) Since it is possible to estimate the input weight, even if a small crusher is used, performance degradation and failure due to overload can be avoided, and space saving and cost reduction can be achieved.
(6) The input weight can be estimated more accurately by controlling the input weight, and the water content can be easily adjusted by supplying water to the crushing tank. (7) The crushing device can be downsized (8) Crushing residue Opening the discharge port and discharging with centrifugal force due to rotation of the crushing blade, no special power is required (9) Regardless of weight or hardness, organic waste that can be crushed has a particle size below the specified value The other crushing residues and other impurities are discharged from the crushing residue discharge port. (10) Since the intake and exhaust are unnecessary, the apparatus can be sealed and the problem of odor can be avoided.
DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows an organic waste crushing treatment system for supplying organic waste suitable for fermentation to a methane fermentation apparatus after crushing the organic waste using the organic waste crushing treatment apparatus according to the present invention. A system flow diagram is shown. Organic waste suitable for fermentation is slurry-like organic waste having a particle size of 1 mm or less and a water content of 90% or less.
The organic waste put in the dedicated container 11 is put into the organic waste feeder 13 by an automatic inversion lifting / lowering device (inversion lift) 12. The organic waste feeder 13 includes a storage hopper 14 that receives the organic waste to be input, an arch breaker 15 that is driven by a motor 18 to prevent the bridging phenomenon of the organic waste, and is driven by a motor 19 to be organic. It is comprised with the screw conveyor 16 which supplies a radioactive waste to the subsequent primary crusher 17. FIG.
[0015]
The organic waste crushed by the primary crusher 17 is carried to the storage tank 21 by the motor-driven crushed material supply pump 20 and stirred by the agitator 22. Next, a certain amount is supplied to the circulation hopper 24 and is circulated by the secondary crusher 25 to finally produce organic waste having a fine particle diameter and supplied to the methane fermentation tank 27.
The primary crusher 17 is supplied with water for water supply and washing by a high-pressure water supply pump 30 from a water supply 28 through a water supply tank 29.
[0016]
2 to 8 show an embodiment of the primary crusher 17. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the crusher 17 includes a crushing tank 31 that receives and crushes organic waste, a lid 32, a discharge port 33 for the crushed waste, and a discharge duct 34 connected to the crushing tank 31. Open / close type crushing residue discharge port 36 and crushing residue discharge duct 37 connected thereto, water supply / washing into the crushing tank, and nozzle 38 (FIG. 3) for cleaning both discharge ports and water supply / washing composed of header 39 The apparatus 40 is configured. 4 and 5 are a plan view and a side view, respectively, of the crusher 17 of FIG.
[0017]
As shown in FIG. 6, the rotary blade 51 is attached on the rotary plate 53 at the bottom of the crushing tank 31, the fixed blade 52 is fixed to the inner surface of the crushing tank 31, and the rotary plate drive motor 50 is connected to the pulley 55, By rotating the rotating plate 53 via the belt 56, the pulley 57, and the rotating shaft 58, the organic waste is crushed by the centrifugal force and the shearing force between the rotating blade 51 and the fixed blade 52. The motor 50 is controlled by the control device 45 such as starting, stopping, and changing the number of revolutions.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 7, a crushing material discharge port 33 is provided in the lowermost side surface of the crushing tank 31, and this discharge port 33 is covered with a punching plate 60 having a large number of holes 62 having a uniform diameter. The waste crushed below the hole diameter of the hole 62 is discharged from the crushing tank 31 to the outside by centrifugal force.
[0019]
As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, an automatic opening / closing type opening / closing plate 70 is rotatably supported by a hinge 71 at a discharge port 36 for discharging crushed material and impurities that do not become a certain particle size or less. 8A shows a state in which the opening / closing plate 70 is closed, and FIG. 8B shows a state in which the opening / closing plate 70 is opened. The opening / closing mechanism includes a motor-driven gear 72, a link 73, and hinges 74 and 75. When the link is bent, the opening / closing plate 70 opens and closes, and the crushing residue and impurities are transferred from the discharge port 36 to the crushing residue discharge duct 37. Transport etc. A nozzle 38 for injecting cleaning water is provided on the inner wall of the duct 37, and water is injected toward the contact surface between the opening / closing plate and the crushing residue discharge port at a predetermined interval.
The water content of the crushed material is adjusted by the water supply devices 29 and 30 and the nozzle 38 described above, the washing water is jetted at a high pressure by the cleaning device, and the organic waste and the crushed residue adhering to the inside of the tank and the discharge port are washed away. The gas is discharged from the bottom of the discharge duct 37.
A motor (not shown) that drives the gear 72 is controlled by the control device 45 such as activation, stop, and rotation speed change.
[0020]
In this embodiment, the automatic link mechanism is driven by a motor that drives the rotary link. However, the linear link mechanism using a ball screw or a linear motor, or the spring elastic mechanism is used. Any method may be used as long as an impact force and a high sealing degree are obtained.
[0021]
9 and 10 show current curves detected by the controller 45 that estimates the input weight of the organic waste and adjusts the input amount.
FIG. 9 shows changes in current value of the crushing drive motor 50 (FIG. 6) for each input weight when a mixture of meat, fish, vegetables, and rice is input while the crushing tank is operated. This shows that the current value increases as the input weight increases, and the current value decreases with time.
[0022]
FIG. 10 shows current curves when a total of 5 kg of the above mixture is added at once, when 2.5 kg is added in two portions, and when 1 kg is input in five portions. As a result, it can be seen that even if the charging is gradual, if the total charging weight is equal, the final curve will change. From these results, a current curve with respect to the weight of the input organic waste is approximately determined in advance, and the input weight is estimated by comparing the value on the curve at the elapsed time with the measured current value. You can see that
[0023]
FIG. 11 is an operation flowchart of the organic waste supply feeder 13 and the primary crusher 17 in the embodiment of FIG. After the operation of the primary crusher 17 is started, the operation of the screw conveyor 16 of the organic waste feeder 13 is started. As a result, the organic waste is supplied to the primary crusher 17, and the water is supplied into the tank by the water supply devices 29 and 30, and the water content is adjusted to a specified value. In the meantime, the current value of the motor 50 of the primary crusher 17 is measured every 0.1 seconds, for example, and compared with a time-current curve prepared in advance to monitor the input amount of organic waste. When the specified amount of organic waste is charged, the operation of the screw conveyor 16 of the organic waste feeder 13 is stopped. When the elapsed time from the start of the introduction of the organic waste reaches the specified time, the opening / closing plate 70 of the automatic open / close type crushing residue discharge port 36 is opened and the cleaning device is used to enter the crushing tank and the two discharge ports 33, 36. Water is jetted from the nozzle 38, and cleaning and processing residue / contaminants are discharged. By closing the discharge port 36 again and repeating the above steps, all the organic waste stored in the hopper 14 of the organic waste feeder 13 is crushed and sent to the next step.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
As described in detail above, according to the organic waste crushing apparatus of the present invention, the input organic waste is separated by the particle size after crushing, and it is effective for recycling and other processing residue. And can be separated and discharged into impurities. In addition, the technical effect is extremely remarkable, such as controlling the input amount of organic waste to prevent the rotation speed from being reduced due to overload of the crushing motor and improving the crushing performance.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a system flow diagram of a system including an organic waste crusher according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an organic waste crushing apparatus.
FIG. 3 is a front view of a crushing tank.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of the crushing tank of FIG.
FIG. 5 is a side view of the crushing tank of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a rotary blade and a fixed blade in the crushing tank.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a perforated plate of a discharge port in the crushing tank.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the operation of the automatic opening / closing type discharging mechanism.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing a current curve for each input weight.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing a case where a charging method is changed.
FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an operation method of the organic waste crushing apparatus.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 13 Organic waste feeder 14 Hopper 16 Screw conveyor 17 Crusher 18, 19 Driving motor 30 Water supply pump 31 Crushing tank 33 Waste discharge port 34 Discharge duct 36 Crushing residue discharge port 38 Nozzle 40 Water supply / washing device 45 Control device 50 Crushing motor 51 Rotating blade 52 Fixed blade 60 Hole plate 62 Hole 70 Opening and closing plate

Claims (3)

In the method of crushing and discharging organic waste in the tank,
While installing a perforated plate in which holes of a uniform size are gathered at the first discharge port of the crushed material, the particle size of the crushed material discharged is below a predetermined value,
Dispose of processing residues and contaminants that have accumulated in the tank without being below a predetermined value from the second discharge port having an automatic opening and closing plate,
A method for crushing organic waste, characterized in that the crushed material is separated into two types and flows smoothly. In a device that crushes and discharges organic waste in a tank,
A feeder that accepts organic waste and supplies it to the subsequent crushing tank;
A crushing tank connected to the downstream side of the feeder;
A control device that estimates the input weight of organic waste and adjusts the input amount;
The feeder is provided with a hopper for introducing organic waste, and a conveyor for conveying the organic waste in the hopper,
The crushing tank is provided with a rotary blade and a fixed blade for crushing waste, a first discharge port for discharging the crushed material for recycling, and a second discharge port for discharging processing residue and impurities,
A punching plate in which a hole of a uniform size is perforated so as to close the first discharge port, and an automatic opening / closing plate is installed in the second discharge port,
The control device detects the current value of a motor that drives the rotary blade, estimates the input weight of organic waste, and controls the operation of the conveyor,
While reducing the particle size of the crushed material discharged from the first discharge port to a predetermined value or less, the processing residue and contaminants staying in the tank are discharged from the second discharge port without being lower than the predetermined value. An organic waste crushing apparatus characterized by comprising: The crushing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein means for injecting water toward the inside of the crushing tank is provided.

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