JP3732061B2 - Process for producing 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones - Google Patents

Process for producing 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones Download PDF

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JP3732061B2
JP3732061B2 JP36920599A JP36920599A JP3732061B2 JP 3732061 B2 JP3732061 B2 JP 3732061B2 JP 36920599 A JP36920599 A JP 36920599A JP 36920599 A JP36920599 A JP 36920599A JP 3732061 B2 JP3732061 B2 JP 3732061B2
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Prior art keywords
general formula
isothiazolin
alkyl
ones
hydrochloride
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JP36920599A
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JP2001181266A (en
Inventor
雅之 森田
国斌 劉
紀子 米田
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Chemicrea Inc
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Chemicrea Inc
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Priority to JP36920599A priority Critical patent/JP3732061B2/en
Priority to US09/666,481 priority patent/US6740759B1/en
Priority to ES00128003T priority patent/ES2270779T3/en
Priority to DE60031231T priority patent/DE60031231T2/en
Priority to EP00128003A priority patent/EP1113012B1/en
Priority to KR10-2000-0081702A priority patent/KR100526365B1/en
Publication of JP2001181266A publication Critical patent/JP2001181266A/en
Priority to US10/809,828 priority patent/US20040186152A1/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D275/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,2-thiazole rings
    • C07D275/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,2-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D275/03Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,2-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thiazole And Isothizaole Compounds (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、工業用殺菌剤として有用な2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の工業用殺菌剤は、2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類と5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の混合物として使用されてきた。しかし、近年5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の変異原性等が問題となったため、5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の含量が少ない、または全く含まれていない2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の需要が高まっている。
【0003】
2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の製造方法としては、いくつかの方法が開示されている。例えば、米国特許第3849430号、及びヨーロッパ特許第95907号には、酢酸エチル溶媒中でN−アルキル−3−メルカプトプロピオンアミドを塩素化し、2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類と5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の混合物を得ている。しかしながら、これらに記載されている製造方法は、5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の含量を抑える工夫はなされていない。
【0004】
ヨーロッパ特許第0437354号には、2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類塩酸塩と5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類塩酸塩の混合物を、無水アンモニアで5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類塩酸塩だけを中和し、2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類を比較的高い純度で分離する方法が記載されている。しかし、この製造方法は操作が煩雑であり、依然として変異原性を起こすレベルの5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類が含まれている。また、これを除去しようとすると、除去しようとする5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の分だけ有意の得量の損失を生じる。
【0005】
また、ヨーロッパ特許第0678510号では、2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類塩酸塩と5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類塩酸塩の混合物を有機溶媒中で加熱し、2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類塩酸塩と5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類塩酸塩の有機溶媒に対する溶解度の差を利用して、2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類塩酸塩を精製しているが、この方法によっても依然として変異原性を起こすレベルの5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類が含まれており、2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の得量の損失は避けられない。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記のように、従来の製造方法は、製造段階において2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類を優先的に製造させるというものではなく、2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類と5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類を含んだ混合物から、精製により2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類を得るというものであった。
【0007】
しかし、5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類を完全に精製により取り除くことは困難であり、また、2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の得量の損失となる。さらに精製工程が増えると製造操作が煩雑化する。従って、2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類を高純度かつ工業的に採算のあう収率で得るには、製造段階において5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の生成を極力抑えることにより、精製による得量ロスを少なくする方が好ましいと考えられる。
【0008】
本発明は上記事情に鑑みなされたものであり、5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類を含まないか、または含んでも変異原性を起こさないレベルであって、工業的に簡便かつ採算にあう収率で、高純度の2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類を得る方法を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の生成を極力抑えた2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の製造方法について鋭意検討を重ねた結果、反応に用いる溶媒種により、生成する2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類と5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類との選択性が大きく変化するという予想されない事実を発見した。すなわち、反応に使用する溶媒の塩化水素の溶解度と、生成する2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類と5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の比に、相関関係があることを見いだし本発明の完成に至ったものである。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の、一般式(III)
【化4】

Figure 0003732061
(ただし、RはC〜Cのアルキル基またはアラルキル基)で表される2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の製造方法は、ジクロロメタン、トリクロロエタン、クロロホルム、四塩化炭素、モノクロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン、ペンタン、ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタンからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1つの溶媒中で、一般式(I)
【化5】
Figure 0003732061
(ただし、式中、Rは前記一般式(III)と同義である)で表される化合物または一般式(II)
【化6】
Figure 0003732061
(ただし、式中、Rは前記一般式(III)と同義である)で表される化合物と、一般式(I)を用いた場合には一般式(I)1モルに対してほぼ2モル当量、一般式(II)を用いた場合には一般式(II)1モルに対してほぼ3モル当量の塩素ガスを反応させることからなることを特徴とするものである。
【0011】
一般式(I)、一般式(II)及び一般式(III)の式中Rは、C〜Cのアルキル基またはアラルキル基であるが、工業的にはメチル基またはノルマルオクチル基であることが好ましい。
【0012】
前記溶媒は、一般式(I)、一般式(II)、一般式(III)および塩素化剤に不活性である。不活性とは、溶媒が、一般式(I)、一般式(II)、一般式(III)および塩素化剤と反応しないことを意味する。
【0013】
また、前記溶媒は塩化水素が不溶もしくは難溶であるが、具体的には常温常圧下における前記塩化水素の溶解度がモル分率で0.04以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.03以下、さらには、0.02以下であることが好ましい。
【0015】
本発明の2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の製造方法は、一般式(I)または一般式(II)と前記塩素化剤との反応により生じる一般式(III)の塩酸塩を、取り出し、前記塩酸塩が難溶であって、前記塩酸塩と反応しない溶媒で前記塩酸塩を洗浄する工程をさらに含むことが好ましい。
【0016】
【発明の効果】
本発明の一般式(III)
【化7】
Figure 0003732061
(ただし、RはC〜Cのアルキル基またはアラルキル基)で表される2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の製造方法は、ジクロロメタン、トリクロロエタン、クロロホルム、四塩化炭素、モノクロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン、ペンタン、ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタンからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1つの溶媒中で、一般式(I)
【化8】
Figure 0003732061
(ただし、式中、Rは一般式(III)と同義である)で表される化合物または一般式(II)
【化9】
Figure 0003732061
(ただし、式中、Rは一般式(III)と同義である)で表される化合物を、一般式(I)を用いた場合には一般式(I)1モルに対してほぼ2モル当量、一般式(II)を用いた場合には一般式(II)1モルに対してほぼ3モル当量の塩素ガスと反応させることとしたので、変異原性物質である5−クロロ−2−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類をほとんど含まず、2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類を高い選択性で得ることができる。
【0017】
また、2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類を選択的に得ることができるので、従来の2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の製造方法のように精製を繰り返す必要がなく、従って精製による得量の損失が極めて少ないため、経済的に有利である。
【0019】
また、一般式(I)、一般式(II)、一般式(III)および塩素化剤に不活性である溶媒を用いるので、副生物の生成をより効果的に抑えることが可能となる。
【0020】
さらに、一般式(I)または一般式(II)と塩素化剤との反応により生じる一般式(III)の塩酸塩を、取り出し、この塩酸塩が難溶であって、塩酸塩と反応しない溶媒で塩酸塩を洗浄する工程を追加することにより、より高純度の2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類を製造することができる。
【0021】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明の好ましい実施の形態について詳細に説明する。すなわち、本発明の、一般式(III)
【化10】
Figure 0003732061
(ただし、RはC〜Cのアルキル基またはアラルキル基)で表される2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の製造方法は、ジクロロメタン、トリクロロエタン、クロロホルム、四塩化炭素、モノクロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン、ペンタン、ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタンからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1つの溶媒中で、一般式(I)
【化11】
Figure 0003732061
(ただし、式中、Rは前記一般式(III)と同義である)で表される化合物または一般式(II)
【化12】
Figure 0003732061
(ただし、式中、Rは前記一般式(III)と同義である)で表される化合物と、塩素ガスを反応させるものである。
【0022】
本反応に用いる一般式(I)または一般式(II)で表される化合物の合成法は特に限定されないが、例えば対応するアルキルエステル類とアルキルあるいはアラルキルアミン類を無溶媒、または反応に不活性な有機溶媒中でアミド化することにより容易に得られる。一般式(I)または一般式(II)で表される化合物は、再結晶や蒸留等で精製して本反応に用いても良いが、アミン類の残留分を極力抑えておけば、粗生成物でも充分本反応に使用することができる。
【0023】
本反応に使用する塩素ガスを必要以上に使用すると、5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類が生成しやすくなるので、塩素ガスの使用量は、一般式(I)を用いた場合には一般式(I)1モルに対してほぼ2モル当量、一般式(II)を用いた場合には一般式(II)1モルに対してほぼ3モル当量の塩素ガスを用いることが好ましい。すなわち、下記の一般式(IV)および一般式(V)で示されるとおり、一般式(I)であれば1.8〜2.5モル、好ましくは1.9〜2.2モル、さらには2.0〜2.1モル程度、一般式(II)であれば2.8〜3.5モル、好ましくは2.9〜3.2モル、さらには3.0〜3.1モル程度用いることが好ましい。
【0024】
【化13】
Figure 0003732061
【化14】
Figure 0003732061
本反応で使用する溶媒は、塩化水素に不溶または難溶である溶媒を用いるが、塩化水素の溶解度が、モル分率値として0.04以下のものを用いることが好ましい。このモル分率値が小さい程、その溶媒には塩化水素が溶けにくい事を示しており、モル分率値が小さい程、5−クロロ−2−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の生成を抑えることができる。この様な溶媒としては、ジクロロメタン(0.013(1atm,298.15K、以下同じ))、トリクロロエタン(0.031)、クロロホルム(0.022)、四塩化炭素(0.013)、モノクロロベンゼン(0.0312)、ジクロロベンゼン(0.022)、ペンタン(0.005)、シクロヘキサン(0.015)、ヘキサン(0.011)、ヘプタン(0.015)、オクタン(0.016)があげられる。なお、上記の溶媒からなる群より選ばれる2種以上の混合溶媒として用いてもよい。
【0025】
使用する溶媒量は、特に限定されるものではないが、原料となる一般式(I)または一般式(II)に対して2〜10倍であることが好ましく、さらには3〜5倍であることが好ましい。反応温度は用いる溶媒の沸点以下の任意の温度で実施することができる。
【0026】
反応中は上記の一般式(IV)および一般式(V)に示すように、塩化水素ガスが発生する。発生した塩化水素ガスは、一部はイソチアゾリンと塩酸塩を形成し、一部は溶媒中に溶け込み、一部は反応系外に放出される。この際溶媒中の塩化水素は、必要に応じて、加熱による留去、窒素ガスによる置換、減圧による留去等の操作で除去しても良い。
【0027】
上述のように、本発明の製造方法により、5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の生成を抑え、2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類を選択的に得ることができるが、わずかに含まれる5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類を除くには、反応で生成する2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の塩酸塩を濾別などにより取り出し、この塩酸塩が難溶であって、かつ塩酸塩と反応しない任意の溶媒でこの塩を洗浄することが好ましい。なお、このような精製過程を追加しても、2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の得量の損失はわずかである。
【0028】
得られた2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類塩酸塩は、水に分散し、塩基で中和した後に、2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類物と反応しない任意の有機溶媒によって抽出し、溶媒を留去することにより2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類を得ることができる。中和に用いることができる塩基は特に限定されないが、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム等の無機塩基、あるいはトリエチルアミン、アンモニアなどの有機アミン類を用いることができ、このうち、工業的には炭酸ナトリウム等の無機塩基が取扱いやすさや経済性の観点から好ましい。なお、中和の温度は特に限定されないが、生成物の着色等を低減するためには50℃以下であることが好ましい。
【0029】
このようにして得られた2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類には5−クロロ−2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類が0.5%以下または実質的に含有されておらず、変異原性を起こさない高純度品である。以下に実施例を示す。
【0030】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
塩素吹き込み管、攪拌機、温度計、塩化カルシウム管付きのコンデンサーをセットした、2リットル四つ口フラスコに、N,N’−ジメチル−3,3’−ジチオプロピオンアミド120g(0.508mol)とジクロロメタン480mlを入れ、撹拌しながら39〜41℃の温度範囲で塩素108g(1.523mol)を3時間15分かけて吹き込み、その後室温で一晩撹拌した。生成した結晶を吸引濾過で取り出し、さらにケーキをジクロロメタンで洗浄した。得られた結晶を400mlの水に分散し、炭酸ナトリウムでpH7まで中和した。この溶液をジクロロメタンで抽出し、溶媒を留去し、淡褐色の結晶として2−メチル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オンを90.12g得た(収率=77%)。
【0031】
(実施例2)
反応の際に用いる溶媒を表1に示すようにシクロヘキサン(1atom 298.15Kにおけるモル分率0.015)とした以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で反応を行い、2−メチル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オンを得た(収率=70%)。
【0032】
(実施例3)
反応の際に用いる溶媒及び塩酸塩を洗浄する溶媒をともにクロロホルムとした以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で反応を行い、2−メチル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オンを得た(収率=75%)。
【0033】
(実施例4)
原料として、N,N’−ジノルマルオクチル−3,3’−ジチオプロピオンアミドを用い、反応の際に用いる溶媒をジクロロメタン、塩酸塩を洗浄する溶媒をモノクロロベンゼンとした以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で反応を行い、2−ノルマルオクチル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オンを得た(収率=71%)。
【0034】
(実施例5)
反応の際に用いる溶媒をモノクロロベンゼンとした以外は、実施例4と同様の条件で反応を行い、2−ノルマルオクチル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オンを得た(収率=71%)。
【0035】
(実施例6)
反応の際に用いる溶媒をモノクロロベンゼンとジクロロベンゼンの混合溶媒とした以外は、実施例4と同様の条件で反応を行い、2−ノルマルオクチル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オンを得た(収率=70%)。
【0036】
(実施例7)
原料として、N,N’−ジベンジル−3,3’−ジチオプロピオンアミドを用い、反応の際に用いる溶媒及び塩酸塩を洗浄する溶媒をモノクロロベンゼンとした以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で反応を行い、2−ベンジル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オンを得た(収率=70%)。
【0037】
(比較例)
用いる溶媒を酢酸エチルとした以外は実施例1と同様にして、2−メチル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オンを得た(収率=51%)。
【0038】
【表1】
Figure 0003732061
表1中、反応の際の溶媒の括弧内の数値は、常温常圧下における塩化水素の溶解度をモル分率で表したものである。実施例1から7及び比較例で得られた結晶の純度を高速液体クロマトグラフィーで分析し、変異原性(Ames)テストに供した。結果を表2に示す。Amesテスト中、+は人体などに悪影響を及ぼす陽性を意味し、−は人体に悪影響のない陰性を示す。
【0039】
【表2】
Figure 0003732061
表2から明らかなように、本発明の2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の製造方法は、変異原性物質である5−クロロ−2−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類をほとんど含まず、かなり高い選択性で、2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類を得ることができた。また、Amesテストにおいても全ての実施例において陰性であった。
【0040】
なお、本実施例では、2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の塩酸塩を濾過により取り出し、この塩酸塩を洗浄して高純度の2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類を得たが、塩酸塩を洗浄しなくても、本発明の反応自体がかなり高い選択性をもっているため、十分に高純度の2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類を得ることが可能である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a process for producing 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones useful as industrial fungicides.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Traditionally, isothiazolin-3-ones industrial fungicides have been used as mixtures of 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones and 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones. It was. However, since the mutagenicity of 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones has become a problem in recent years, the content of 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones is low. There is an increasing demand for 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones that are free of or at all.
[0003]
Several methods have been disclosed as methods for producing 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones. For example, US Pat. No. 3,849,430 and European Patent No. 95907 disclose chlorination of N-alkyl-3-mercaptopropionamide in an ethyl acetate solvent to produce 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones and 5- A mixture of chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones is obtained. However, the production methods described in these documents have not been devised to suppress the content of 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones.
[0004]
European Patent No. 0437354 discloses a mixture of 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one hydrochloride and 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one hydrochloride with anhydrous ammonia. A method is described in which only chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one hydrochloride is neutralized and 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is separated with relatively high purity. However, this production method is complicated in operation and still contains mutagenic levels of 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones. In addition, if this is to be removed, a significant loss in yield is caused by the amount of 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one to be removed.
[0005]
In European Patent No. 0678510, a mixture of 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one hydrochloride and 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one hydrochloride is heated in an organic solvent. Then, using the difference in solubility between 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one hydrochloride and 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one hydrochloride in an organic solvent, Although -4-isothiazolin-3-one hydrochloride has been purified, this method still contains mutagenic levels of 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones. The loss of the yield of 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones is unavoidable.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, the conventional production method does not preferentially produce 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones at the production stage, but 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones and 2-Alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones were obtained by purification from a mixture containing 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones.
[0007]
However, it is difficult to completely remove 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones by purification, and there is a loss in yield of 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones. Become. Further, if the number of purification steps increases, the manufacturing operation becomes complicated. Therefore, in order to obtain 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones with high purity and industrially profitable yield, 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones at the production stage It is considered to be preferable to reduce the yield loss by purification by suppressing the production of.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and does not contain 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones or a level that does not cause mutagenicity even if it is contained. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for obtaining high-purity 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones with a yield that is simple and profitable.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive investigations on the production method of 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones that suppresses the production of 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones as much as possible, Unexpected fact that selectivity of 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one produced varies greatly depending on the solvent species used in the reaction I found That is, there is a correlation between the solubility of hydrogen chloride in the solvent used in the reaction and the ratio of 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one produced. It has been found that there is a relationship, and the present invention has been completed.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The general formula (III) of the present invention
[Formula 4]
Figure 0003732061
(Wherein R is a C 1 to C 8 alkyl group or aralkyl group), and the method for producing 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones is dichloromethane, trichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, monochlorobenzene. In at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of dichlorobenzene, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, and octane.
[Chemical formula 5]
Figure 0003732061
(Wherein R is as defined in the general formula (III)) or the general formula (II)
[Chemical 6]
Figure 0003732061
(However, in the formula, R is as defined in the general formula (III)), and when the general formula (I) is used, about 2 mol per 1 mol of the general formula (I) In the case of using an equivalent amount of the general formula (II), approximately 3 molar equivalents of chlorine gas are reacted with 1 mole of the general formula (II).
[0011]
Wherein R in formula (I), the general formula (II) and the general formula (III) is an alkyl group or an aralkyl group C 1 -C 8, in the industrial are methyl or n-octyl group It is preferable.
[0012]
The solvent is inert to the general formula (I), general formula (II), general formula (III) and chlorinating agent. Inert means that the solvent does not react with general formula (I), general formula (II), general formula (III) and chlorinating agent.
[0013]
The solvent is insoluble or hardly soluble in hydrogen chloride. Specifically, the solubility of the hydrogen chloride under normal temperature and normal pressure is preferably 0.04 or less in terms of molar fraction, more preferably 0.03. Hereinafter, it is further preferably 0.02 or less.
[0015]
The method for producing 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones according to the present invention comprises a hydrochloride of the general formula (III) produced by the reaction of the general formula (I) or the general formula (II) with the chlorinating agent. Preferably, the method further includes a step of washing the hydrochloride with a solvent in which the hydrochloride is hardly soluble and does not react with the hydrochloride.
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
General formula (III) of the present invention
[Chemical 7]
Figure 0003732061
(Wherein R is a C 1 to C 8 alkyl group or aralkyl group), and the method for producing 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones is dichloromethane, trichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, monochlorobenzene. In at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of dichlorobenzene, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, and octane.
[Chemical 8]
Figure 0003732061
(Wherein, R is as defined in general formula (III)) or general formula (II)
[Chemical 9]
Figure 0003732061
(However, in the formula, R is as defined in the general formula (III).) When the general formula (I) is used, the compound represented by the formula (I) is approximately 2 molar equivalents per 1 mole of the general formula (I). In the case of using the general formula (II), the reaction is performed with approximately 3 molar equivalents of chlorine gas per 1 mol of the general formula (II), so that the 5-chloro-2-isothiazoline which is a mutagenic substance Almost no 3--3-ones can be obtained, and 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones can be obtained with high selectivity.
[0017]
Further, since 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones can be selectively obtained, there is no need to repeat purification as in the conventional production method of 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones. Therefore, it is economically advantageous because the loss of the yield by purification is extremely small.
[0019]
Moreover, formula (I), formula (II), since the general formula (III) and chlorinating agent are use a solvent which is inert, it is possible to suppress the formation of by-products more effectively.
[0020]
Furthermore, the hydrochloride of the general formula (III) produced by the reaction of the general formula (I) or the general formula (II) with the chlorinating agent is taken out, and the hydrochloride is hardly soluble and does not react with the hydrochloride. By adding a step of washing the hydrochloride with, higher-purity 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones can be produced.
[0021]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. That is, the general formula (III) of the present invention
[Chemical Formula 10]
Figure 0003732061
(Wherein R is a C 1 to C 8 alkyl group or aralkyl group), and the method for producing 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones is dichloromethane, trichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, monochlorobenzene. In at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of dichlorobenzene, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, and octane.
Embedded image
Figure 0003732061
(Wherein R is as defined in the general formula (III)) or the general formula (II)
Embedded image
Figure 0003732061
(In the formula, R is as defined in the general formula (III)) and chlorine gas is reacted.
[0022]
The method for synthesizing the compound represented by general formula (I) or general formula (II) used in this reaction is not particularly limited. For example, the corresponding alkyl ester and alkyl or aralkylamine are solvent-free or inert to the reaction. It can be easily obtained by amidation in an organic solvent. The compound represented by the general formula (I) or the general formula (II) may be purified by recrystallization or distillation and used in this reaction. However, if the residual amount of amines is suppressed as much as possible, the crude production Even a product can be used in this reaction.
[0023]
If the chlorine gas used in this reaction is used more than necessary, 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones are likely to be produced, so the amount of chlorine gas used is the general formula (I). When used, approximately 2 molar equivalents per 1 mole of general formula (I), and when using general formula (II), approximately 3 molar equivalents of chlorine gas per 1 mole of general formula (II) are used. It is preferable. That is, as shown by the following general formula (IV) and general formula (V), the general formula (I) is 1.8 to 2.5 mol, preferably 1.9 to 2.2 mol, About 2.0 to 2.1 mol, and about 2.8 to 3.5 mol, preferably 2.9 to 3.2 mol, and more preferably about 3.0 to 3.1 mol in the case of the general formula (II) It is preferable.
[0024]
Embedded image
Figure 0003732061
Embedded image
Figure 0003732061
As the solvent used in this reaction, a solvent insoluble or hardly soluble in hydrogen chloride is used, but it is preferable to use a solvent having a hydrogen chloride solubility of 0.04 or less as a molar fraction value. The smaller the molar fraction value is, the more difficult it is to dissolve hydrogen chloride in the solvent. The smaller the molar fraction value is, the more the generation of 5-chloro-2-isothiazolin-3-ones is suppressed. it can. Examples of such a solvent include dichloromethane (0.013 (1 atm, 298.15 K, the same applies hereinafter)), trichloroethane (0.031), chloroform (0.022), carbon tetrachloride (0.013), monochlorobenzene ( 0.0312), dichlorobenzene (0.022), pentane (0.005), cyclohexane (0.015), hexane (0.011), heptane (0.015), and octane (0.016). . In addition, you may use as 2 or more types of mixed solvents chosen from the group which consists of said solvent.
[0025]
The amount of the solvent to be used is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 2 to 10 times, more preferably 3 to 5 times that of the general formula (I) or general formula (II) as a raw material. It is preferable. The reaction can be carried out at any temperature below the boiling point of the solvent used.
[0026]
During the reaction, hydrogen chloride gas is generated as shown in the above general formula (IV) and general formula (V). The generated hydrogen chloride gas partially forms isothiazoline and hydrochloride, partly dissolves in the solvent, and part is released out of the reaction system. At this time, hydrogen chloride in the solvent may be removed by an operation such as distillation by heating, replacement with nitrogen gas, or distillation by reducing pressure, if necessary.
[0027]
As described above, the production method of the present invention suppresses the formation of 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones and selectively obtains 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones. In order to remove 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones that are slightly contained, the hydrochloride of 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones produced in the reaction may be used. It is preferable to remove the salt by filtration or the like and wash the salt with an arbitrary solvent in which the hydrochloride is hardly soluble and does not react with the hydrochloride. Even when such a purification process is added, the loss of yield of 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones is small.
[0028]
The resulting 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one hydrochloride is any organic that does not react with 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones after being dispersed in water and neutralized with a base. 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one can be obtained by extracting with a solvent and distilling off the solvent. The base that can be used for neutralization is not particularly limited, but inorganic bases such as sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate, or organic amines such as triethylamine and ammonia can be used. These inorganic bases are preferred from the viewpoint of ease of handling and economy. The neutralization temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 ° C. or lower in order to reduce coloring of the product.
[0029]
The 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones thus obtained contain 0.5% or less or substantially no 5-chloro-2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones. It is a high-purity product that does not cause mutagenicity. Examples are shown below.
[0030]
【Example】
Example 1
N, N'-dimethyl-3,3'-dithiopropionamide 120 g (0.508 mol) and dichloromethane were added to a 2 liter four-necked flask equipped with a condenser with a chlorine blowing tube, a stirrer, a thermometer and a calcium chloride tube. 480 ml was added and 108 g (1.523 mol) of chlorine was blown in for 3 hours and 15 minutes in a temperature range of 39 to 41 ° C. with stirring, and then stirred overnight at room temperature. The produced crystals were removed by suction filtration, and the cake was further washed with dichloromethane. The obtained crystals were dispersed in 400 ml of water and neutralized to pH 7 with sodium carbonate. This solution was extracted with dichloromethane, and the solvent was distilled off to obtain 90.12 g of 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one as a light brown crystal (yield = 77%).
[0031]
(Example 2)
The reaction was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the solvent used in the reaction was cyclohexane (molar fraction 0.015 at 1 atom 298.15K) as shown in Table 1, and 2-methyl-4- Isothiazolin-3-one was obtained (yield = 70%).
[0032]
Example 3
The reaction was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that both the solvent used for the reaction and the solvent for washing the hydrochloride were chloroform, to give 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (yield) = 75%).
[0033]
(Example 4)
Example 1 except that N, N′-dinormaloctyl-3,3′-dithiopropionamide was used as a raw material, the solvent used in the reaction was dichloromethane, and the solvent for washing the hydrochloride was monochlorobenzene. Reaction was performed under the same conditions to obtain 2-normal octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (yield = 71%).
[0034]
(Example 5)
The reaction was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 4 except that the solvent used in the reaction was monochlorobenzene to obtain 2-normaloctyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (yield = 71%).
[0035]
(Example 6)
Except that the solvent used in the reaction was a mixed solvent of monochlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene, the reaction was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 4 to obtain 2-normaloctyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (yield) = 70%).
[0036]
(Example 7)
Under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that N, N′-dibenzyl-3,3′-dithiopropionamide was used as a raw material and the solvent used for the reaction and the solvent for washing the hydrochloride were changed to monochlorobenzene. Reaction was performed to obtain 2-benzyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (yield = 70%).
[0037]
(Comparative example)
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solvent used was ethyl acetate (yield = 51%).
[0038]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003732061
In Table 1, the numerical value in parentheses of the solvent at the time of reaction represents the solubility of hydrogen chloride under normal temperature and normal pressure as a mole fraction. The purity of the crystals obtained in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Example was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and subjected to a mutagenicity (Ames) test. The results are shown in Table 2. During the Ames test, + means a positive that has an adverse effect on the human body and the like, and-indicates a negative having no adverse effect on the human body.
[0039]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003732061
As is apparent from Table 2, the method for producing 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones of the present invention hardly contains 5-chloro-2-isothiazolin-3-ones which are mutagens. It was possible to obtain 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones with considerably high selectivity. Moreover, it was negative in all Examples also in the Ames test.
[0040]
In this example, the hydrochloride of 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one was removed by filtration, and the hydrochloride was washed to obtain high-purity 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. Although the reaction itself of the present invention has a considerably high selectivity without washing the hydrochloride, it is possible to obtain 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones of sufficiently high purity. is there.

Claims (4)

ジクロロメタン、トリクロロエタン、クロロホルム、四塩化炭素、モノクロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン、ペンタン、ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタンからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1つの溶媒中で、一般式(I)
Figure 0003732061
(ただし、RはC〜Cのアルキル基またはアラルキル基)で表される化合物または一般式(II)
Figure 0003732061
(ただし、式中、Rは一般式(I)と同義である)で表される化合物を、一般式(I)を用いた場合には一般式(I)1モルに対してほぼ2モル当量、一般式(II)を用いた場合には一般式(II)1モルに対してほぼ3モル当量の塩素ガスと反応させることからなる一般式(III)
Figure 0003732061
(ただし、式中、Rは一般式(I)と同義である)で表される2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の製造方法。
In at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of dichloromethane, trichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, monochlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, and octane, general formula (I)
Figure 0003732061
Wherein R is a C 1 to C 8 alkyl group or aralkyl group, or a compound represented by the general formula (II)
Figure 0003732061
(However, in the formula, R is as defined in the general formula (I)), when the general formula (I) is used, the compound represented by the general formula (I) is approximately 2 molar equivalents per 1 mole of the general formula (I). When general formula (II) is used, general formula (III) consisting of reacting with approximately 3 molar equivalents of chlorine gas per mole of general formula (II)
Figure 0003732061
(Wherein R is as defined in formula (I)), and a method for producing 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones represented by formula (I).
前記Rがメチル基であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の製造方法。  The method for producing 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones according to claim 1, wherein R is a methyl group. 前記Rがノルマルオクチル基であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の製造方法。  The method for producing 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones according to claim 1, wherein R is a normal octyl group. 一般式(I)または一般式(II)と前記塩素ガスとの反応により生じる一般式(III)の塩酸塩を、取り出し、前記塩酸塩が難溶であって、前記塩酸塩と反応しない溶媒で前記塩酸塩を洗浄する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1、2または3記載の2−アルキル−4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン類の製造方法。  The hydrochloride of the general formula (III) produced by the reaction of the general formula (I) or the general formula (II) with the chlorine gas is taken out, and the hydrochloride is hardly soluble and does not react with the hydrochloride. The method for producing 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones according to claim 1, 2, or 3, further comprising a step of washing the hydrochloride.
JP36920599A 1999-12-27 1999-12-27 Process for producing 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones Expired - Lifetime JP3732061B2 (en)

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US09/666,481 US6740759B1 (en) 1999-12-27 2000-09-20 Method for producing 2-alkyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one
DE60031231T DE60031231T2 (en) 1999-12-27 2000-12-20 Process for the preparation of 2-alkyl-4-isothiazolin-3-ones
EP00128003A EP1113012B1 (en) 1999-12-27 2000-12-20 Method for producing 2-alkyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one
ES00128003T ES2270779T3 (en) 1999-12-27 2000-12-20 REPRODUCTION PROCEDURE OF 2-RENT-4-ISOTIAZOLIN-3-ONA.
KR10-2000-0081702A KR100526365B1 (en) 1999-12-27 2000-12-26 Method for Producing 2-Alkyl-4-Isothiazoline-3-One
US10/809,828 US20040186152A1 (en) 1999-12-27 2004-03-26 Method for producing 2-alkyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one

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