JP3729959B2 - Coated granular fertilizer - Google Patents

Coated granular fertilizer Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3729959B2
JP3729959B2 JP00580197A JP580197A JP3729959B2 JP 3729959 B2 JP3729959 B2 JP 3729959B2 JP 00580197 A JP00580197 A JP 00580197A JP 580197 A JP580197 A JP 580197A JP 3729959 B2 JP3729959 B2 JP 3729959B2
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weight
coating
fertilizer
elution
granular fertilizer
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JPH10203886A (en
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浩一 足立
久登 斎藤
豊彦 四家
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
    • C05G5/37Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、粒状肥料の表面を高分子化合物を主成分とする皮膜で被覆して、溶解速度を制御する被覆粒状肥料の製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、農業人口の減少や肥料の流失による環境問題の深刻化に伴い、唯一度の施肥のみで作物の全生育期間に渡って肥料成分を連続的に供給する様な緩効性肥料の開発が望まれている。
この様な緩効性肥料は従来から種々開発され、中でも最近、高分子物質の薄い皮膜で肥料表面を被覆した被覆肥料が注目されている。さらに、その肥料成分溶出パターンでみると、特に水稲用には、30−70日間程度の一定期間(溶出防止期間)を経てから肥料成分の溶出が始まる、いわゆるタイムカプセル型あるいはシグモイド型(以下S型と略す)と呼ばれるタイプの需要が増加してきている。この様なS型の皮膜材料として、従来、種々の熱可塑性樹脂や熱硬化性樹脂が使われているが、中でも透湿性の低いポリオレフィン系樹脂やポリ塩化ビニル系樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニリデン系樹脂などが知られている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
さて、この様な被覆肥料の工業的製法として、一般に、溶剤に樹脂を溶解させた溶液、もしくは樹脂の溶融液を原料肥料粒子にスプレーすることにより皮膜を形成させるスプレーコ−ティングが用いられる。この際、粒子の温度(以下、「品温」と略す)が高いほど粒子に添着した樹脂の展延性が良く、透湿性の低い良好な皮膜が得られるが、反面、粒子同士がブッロキング(粒子が凝集し、互いに接着する現象)しやすく、団粒が多くなるという問題点がある。また、ブロッキングした粒子が剥離した場合、剥離部分の皮膜にピンホールが生じるため、溶出制御性が損なわれるという問題点もある。このようなことから、品温を下げた条件でコ−ティングが行なわれるが、低品温では、スプレーコーティングで重ね塗りされていく皮膜層間の接着が不十分で皮膜の連続性が損なわれたり、樹脂の伸びが悪くなるため溶剤蒸発の際起こる皮膜の収縮によって皮膜に亀裂が生じるなどの問題がある。このため、S型の被覆肥料の場合、低品温では溶出防止期間が短くなる。とくにポリオレフィン系樹脂の場合、80℃以下の品温では、もっとも汎用性の高い25℃水中における溶出防止期間40〜50日の被覆肥料を作る事が困難で、被覆率を高く(皮膜厚みを厚く)するなどの方法が従来用いられてきた。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、以上の事実に鑑み、薄い皮膜で40日以上の溶出防止期間を有するようなS型被覆肥料を作ることを目的に、種々の皮膜組成を検討した結果、オレフィン系のホモポリマーをベースに、エチレン−α−オレフィンコポリマーを組み合わせることによりその目的が達成できることを見いだし、本発明に到った。すなわち、本発明の要旨は粒状肥料の表面にエチレンのホモポリマーとエチレン及び1−ブテンのコポリマーとの混合物(該混合物中のコポリマーの割合が5〜80重量%)、要すれば更に、クレー及びタルクから選ばれた無機粉体から成る皮膜を有することを特徴とする被覆粒状肥料にある。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
(1)被覆する粒状肥料
本発明で使用される肥料は,特に限定されない。尿素、硫安、塩安、塩化加里、硫酸加里、燐酸アンモニウム等の粒状の単肥の他に、N1、K2 O、P2 5 等の多成分を含む粒状の肥料が本発明品の原肥に使用される。肥料の粒径、形状は特に限定されないが、一般に0.5−4mmで、角張った形態や大変不規則な形態のものより、球状または球状に近い形態の粒子の方が好ましい。
【0006】
(2)被覆材料
本発明の皮膜材料は、主成分ポリマー、界面活性剤、その他添加剤の3種に分けられる。以下、その詳細を説明する。
(ア)主成分ポリマー
主成分ポリマーは、粒状肥料表面に皮膜を形成する上での基本材料であり、本発明では、少なくとも第1成分と第2成分の混合物を有する。第1成分として、エチレンのホモポリマーを用いるが、その種類は、特に限定されない。例として、ポリエチレン樹脂が挙げられるが、中でも、透湿性が低いため少量でも溶出防止効果の高いポリエチレンが適している。これらの樹脂は単独でも、2種以上の混合物として用いることも可能である。
【0007】
第2成分として、エチレン−1−ブテンコポリマーを用いる。コポリマー中の1−ブテンの割合は、0.1モル%以上50モル%以下、好ましくは1モル%以上10モル%以下である。1−ブテンの含有量が少ないと、コポリマーの物性がポリエチレンに近づくので、被覆肥料にした場合の溶出防止性が改善されないし、多いと皮膜の透湿性が増し、溶出が早くなる問題がある。なお、エチレン−1−ブテンコポリマーは単独でも、2種以上の混合物として用いることも可能である。
【0008】
第1成分と第2成分の混合割合として、第2成分が80重量%以下、5重量%以上である。これが少ないと、溶出防止性が改善されないし、多すぎると、皮膜が柔らかくなり、ピンホールなどの皮膜欠陥が生じやすくなる問題がある。第1成分と第2成分の混合は、後述するようにスプレーコーティング液を調整する際、両者を溶剤に溶解、撹拌することにより容易に行うことができるが、樹脂の状態で溶融混練りすることにより混合することもできる。
【0009】
(イ)界面活性剤
肥料成分が溶出を開始したときの溶出速度を制御する目的で、皮膜に界面活性剤を少量添加する。界面活性剤として、下記構造式Iで表されるアルキルフェノールとエチレンオキサイドの縮合物であるポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル系のノニオン界面活性剤が適している。
【0010】
【数1】
R−φ−O(CH2 CH2 O)nH …I
R :アルキル基
φ :フェニル基
n :付加モル数
【0011】
Rは、炭素数4から17までのアルキル基で、ブチル、ヘキシル、オクチル、ノニル、デシル、ラウリル、ドデシル、テトラデシル、オレイルなどが挙げられるが、中でもノニル基が好適である。また、エチレンオキサイドの付加モル数n(平均値)は、2から14までが挙げられるが、その内8から12が好ましい。樹脂に対する添加量は、0.1〜20重量%の範囲で、特に、1〜10%が好ましい。皮膜への添加は、樹脂とともに溶剤に溶解させることにより行う。
【0012】
(ウ)その他の添加剤
上記(ア)から(イ)以外に、ピンホールなどの皮膜欠陥発生防止、ポリマーの劣化防止等の目的で少量のワックス、可塑剤、酸化防止剤等の有機物質を添加してもかまわないが、これらは本発明に必須ではない。また、溶出速度の温度依存性低減やブロッキング防止などの目的で種々の粉体を添加することもできる。このような粉体の例として、クレー、タルクなどの無機粉体が挙げられる。粒径は、0.1〜50μm、好ましくは1〜10μmである。粉体の添加量は、皮膜中に1〜80重量%、好ましくは10〜50重量%である。皮膜への添加は、主成分ポリマーを溶剤に溶かす際に粉体を加え、ポリマーとともにスプレーコーティングすることにより行う。
【0013】
(3)溶剤
前記の被覆材料をコ−ティングする場合、その材料を溶融させて直接粒状肥料にスプレーする方法と、溶剤に溶解させ、その溶液をスプレーする方法、およびプレポリマーをスプレー後、硬化させる方法などがあり、その方法は特に限定されない。しかし、一般に本発明に適するようなポリマーは融点が高く、またその溶融粘度も高いため、工業的には溶融液の直接コ−ティングは不適であり、溶剤を用いて溶液としスプレーコ−ティングする方法が好ましい。その際、溶剤種は特に限定されないが、様々な条件を考慮して適宜選択される。その判断材料としては、皮膜材料となるポリマーの溶解力、溶解温度、ハンドリング性、回収の容易さ、毒性、安全性、価格等が挙げられる。例えば、皮膜材料としてポリオレフィン系樹脂、特に低密度のポリエチレンを用いる場合は、ヘキサン、オクタン、トルエン、キシレン、テトラリン等の炭化水素系溶剤、トリクロロエチレン、パークロロエチレン等の塩素化炭化水素系溶剤が好ましい。また、水溶性ポリマーやエマルジョン樹脂、ラテックスなどで被覆する際は、溶剤として水が用いられる。溶液の濃度についても特に限定されない。例えば、濃度を高くすると溶剤の使用量が低減しかつ処理時間が短くなるので好ましい。また、濃度を低くすると溶液の粘度が低くなりハンドリング性が良好になる。ただし、スプレーコーテイングする場合は、使用するスプレーノズルおよび噴霧圧力に応じ、適当な噴霧状態が得られる粘度になるよう濃度を調整する必要がある。具体的な例を挙げると、皮膜材料として低密度ポリエチレンを用い、溶剤としてパークロロエチレンを用いる場合、溶液の濃度は1ー12重量%、好ましくは3〜10重量%である。また、一般に高分子化合物は冷時には、溶剤不溶のものが多いため、溶解するには通常加熱攪伴が必要である。
【0014】
(4)被覆装置
本発明に適用できる被覆装置としては、粒状物質を混合攪伴し、かつ気流と十分接触せしめる構造、機能を持った装置であれば特に限定されない。混合攪伴方式で分類すると、攪伴翼を用いて混合攪伴するタイプの装置としては、例えば、ヘンシェルミキサーやナウターミキサー等が挙げられる。装置自身の運動に付随して粒状物質を攪伴するものとしては、回転ドラム式コーター(特開昭52−61216)、回転パン式コーター(特開平5−85873)、回転落下式コーター(特願平5−139376,5−185612,5−342527)などが挙げられる。また、振動力で攪伴する振動流動装置(特開平1−245847)は、大量の粒状物質を激しく攪伴できるので好ましい。気力で攪伴するタイプとしては、粒子を吹き飛ばして循環混合するワースター型または噴流層型コーター、粒子を浮遊流動させる方式として、流動層型コーター(特公平4−61840)などが挙げられる。被覆溶液の粒状物質への添着は、通常、一流体もしくは二流体スプレーノズルを用い、攪伴粒子中の適切な位置に噴霧することによって行う。また溶剤除去は上述の通り熱気流で行うが、そのガスとしては、空気のほかに、安全面から窒素、炭酸ガスなどの不活性気体も使用できる。
【0015】
(5)製造方法
溶剤に(2)で述べた主成分ポリマー、界面活性剤、その他添加剤を溶解させ、被覆材溶液を調製する。一方、原料の粒状肥料を(4)の被覆装置に仕込み、熱風により品温を30〜100℃、好ましくは40から80℃に保ちながら、スプレーノズルを利用して被覆材溶液を噴霧することによりコーティングを行う。なお、ここでいう品温とは、噴霧されている状態の肥料粒子集団に直接、温度検出端子を挿入して測定される温度をいう。この品温の調整、保持は、溶剤を除去する熱風で行う。熱風の温度は、当然ながら、品温以上必要であり、通常、50から150℃である。その流速は、溶剤除去速度、品温および粒子の流動状態などを勘案して決定される。被覆材料の添着量(被覆率)は、原料の粒状肥料に対し3〜20重量%、好ましくは5〜15重量%である。また、スプレーコーテイングの時間は、被覆溶液濃度、噴霧速度、被覆率等により決められるが、通常、0.1〜10時間、好ましくは0.2〜3時間である。コーティング終了後は、そのままコーティング装置から肥料を抜き出すことにより被覆肥料を得る事ができる。
次に、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明するが、本発明はその要旨を越えない限り、以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0016】
【実施例】
原料肥料として粒径2.0〜3.4mmの粒状尿素を用い、以下に示す方法により被覆尿素を製造し、その窒素成分(尿素)の溶出パターンを比較した。
【0017】
【実施例1】
(1)被覆溶液の調整
皮膜材料の主成分ポリマーの第1成分としてポリエチレン(密度0.919、メルトフローレート22、融点107℃、以下ポリエチレンAと略す)90重量部、第2成分としてエチレン−1−ブテン共重合体であるタフマーA−4085(三井石化製、密度0.88、メルトフローレート3.6)10重量部、溶出調整剤としてポリオキシエチレンノニルフェニルエーテル(東邦化学製ノナール212)0.7重量部を用い、これらを溶剤のパークロロエチレンに5重量%の濃度になるように85℃で溶解させ、被覆溶液とした。
【0018】
(2)コ−ティング
コ−ティング装置として、回転ドラム(内径3.8m)の内側に備えたバケットにより粒状肥料を循環させながら、ドラム内に設置した落下筒(断面0.15×0.25m、長さ2m)内に肥料を連続的に落下させ、その落下筒内に被覆溶液を噴霧する方式の回転落下式コーターを用いた(図1参照)。コーターの落下筒の下部から上向きに、温度75℃、空筒速度4.4m/sで空気を導入した後、回転ドラムの回転数を8rpmに合わせ、ついで原料尿素10kgをコーターに仕込み、落下筒内を肥料が連続的に落下する状態を作った。噴霧位置の落下肥料中に挿入した温度センサーが60℃となったところで、落下筒上部の側面から、一流体ノズルを用いて、噴霧速度440g/minの条件で(1)の被覆溶液を50分間噴霧して被覆率11重量%(尿素に対する皮膜の重量の割合)の被覆肥料を作った。この被覆肥料の窒素成分溶出パターンを下記に示す溶出試験により測定、作図し、溶出防止期間を求めた。その結果を図2および表−1に示す。
【0019】
(3)溶出試験(溶出パターンの評価)
得られた被覆肥料の25℃及びの溶出パターンは、次の様にして評価した。被覆肥料7gをはかりとり、水200gを加え、その容器を密閉して25℃の恒温槽に入れる。これを、一定期間毎に取り出し、水を入れ換える。その際、水に溶出した尿素を全窒素分析計で測定し、次式で溶出率を計算する。
【0020】
【数2】

Figure 0003729959
【0021】
この溶出率の累積値を日数に対してプロットすると溶出パターンが描ける。溶出防止期間は、溶出パターンの溶出防止期間にあたる直線部分の延長線と溶出期間の最大傾きの直線部分の延長線との交点とする(作図で求める)。
【0022】
【比較例1】
実施例1の被覆材料のうち、ポリエチレンA 100重量部、溶出調整剤のノナール212 0.7重量部だけを用い、その他は同じ条件で被覆肥料を作り、その溶出パターンを評価した。結果を図2、表−1にまとめる。
【0023】
【実施例2】
皮膜材料の主成分ポリマーの第1成分としてポリエチレンA 65重量部、第2成分としてタフマーA−4085 15重量部、無機粉体としてタルク(平均粒径5μm)20重量部、溶出調整剤としてノナール212 5重量部を用い、これらを溶剤のパークロロエチレンに5重量%の濃度になるように85℃で溶解させ、被覆溶液とした。これを用いて、実施例1と同じ装置、条件で被覆肥料を作り、その溶出パターンを評価した。結果を図3、表−1にまとめる。
【0024】
【比較例2】
実施例2の被覆材料のうち、ポリエチレンA 80重量部、無機粉体のタルク20重量部、および溶出調整剤のノナール212 5重量部を用い、その他は同じ条件で被覆肥料を作り、その溶出パターンを評価した。結果を図3、表−1にまとめる。
【0025】
【実施例3】
実施例2において、皮膜材料組成としてポリエチレンA 57重量部、タフマーA−4085 13重量部、無機粉体としてタルク30重量部、溶出調整剤としてノナール212 6重量部を用いて実施例1と同じ装置、条件で被覆肥料を作り、その溶出パターンを評価した。結果を図4、表−1にまとめる。
【0026】
【比較例3】
実施例3の被覆材料のうち、ポリエチレンA 70重量部、無機粉体のタルク30重量部、および溶出調整剤のノナール212 6重量部を用い、その他は同じ条件で被覆肥料を作り、その溶出パターンを評価した。結果を図4、表−1にまとめる。
【0027】
【実施例4】
(1)被覆溶液の調整
皮膜材料の主成分ポリマーの第1成分としてポリエチレン(密度0.923、メルトフローレート4.0、融点111℃、以下ポリエチレンBと略す)50重量部、第2成分としてタフマーA−4085 10重量部、無機粉体としてタルク(平均粒径5μm)40重量部、溶出調整剤としてポリオキシエチレンノニルフェニルエーテル(東邦化学製ノナール208)8重量部を用い、これらを溶剤のパークロロエチレンに5重量%の濃度になるように85℃で溶解させ、被覆溶液とした。
【0028】
(2)コーテイング
第2図に示すワースター型コ−ティング装置に原料尿素粒子1kgを仕込み、温度80℃の空気を80Nm3/hで吹き込み、尿素粒子の噴流状態を作った。その後、上記被覆液を65g/min の流量で33分間スプレーして被覆率11%の被覆肥料を作った。この被覆肥料の溶出パターン調べた結果を図5、表ー1にまとめた。
【0029】
【比較例4】
実施例4の被覆材料のうち、ポリエチレンB 60重量部、無機粉体のタルク40重量部、および溶出調整剤のノナール208 8重量部を用い、その他は同じ装置、条件で被覆肥料を作り、その溶出パターンを評価した。結果を図5、表−1にまとめる。
比較例1〜4いずれの場合も第1成分ポリマーだけでは、溶出防止期間は40日以下で短い。これに対し、実施例1〜4に示すとおり、第2成分を添加することにより溶出防止期間は40日以上に延長される。
【0030】
【表1】
Figure 0003729959
【0031】
【発明の効果】
本願発明によれば、薄い皮膜でも40日以上の溶出防止期間を有するようなS型被覆肥料を提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施例で用いたコーティング装置の概略図
【図2】実施例1と比較例1の溶出パターン
【図3】実施例2と比較例2の溶出パターン
【図4】実施例3と比較例3の溶出パターン
【図5】実施例4と比較例4の溶出パターン
【符号の説明】
1 回転ドラム
2 バケット
3 粒状肥料
4 落下筒
5 熱風入口
6 排気口
7 噴霧口
8 モーター[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a coated granular fertilizer in which the surface of granular fertilizer is coated with a film containing a polymer compound as a main component and the dissolution rate is controlled.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the development of slow-acting fertilizers that continuously supply fertilizer components throughout the entire growing period of crops with only one fertilization has been accompanied by a decrease in the agricultural population and the increasing serious environmental problems caused by the loss of fertilizers. It is desired.
Various slow-release fertilizers have been developed in the past, and recently, coated fertilizers in which the surface of the fertilizer is coated with a thin film of a polymer substance have attracted attention. Furthermore, in terms of the fertilizer component elution pattern, especially for paddy rice, the so-called time capsule type or sigmoid type (hereinafter referred to as S), where elution of the fertilizer component begins after a certain period of about 30-70 days (elution prevention period). The demand for a type called “type” is increasing. Conventionally, various thermoplastic resins and thermosetting resins have been used as such S-type coating materials. Among them, polyolefin resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, etc. having low moisture permeability are used. It has been known.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As an industrial method for manufacturing such a coated fertilizer, spray coating is generally used in which a film is formed by spraying a solution obtained by dissolving a resin in a solvent or a molten resin solution onto raw material fertilizer particles. At this time, the higher the temperature of the particles (hereinafter abbreviated as “product temperature”), the better the spreadability of the resin adhering to the particles and the better the coating with low moisture permeability. (The phenomenon that the particles agglomerate and adhere to each other), and there is a problem that the number of aggregates increases. In addition, when the blocked particles are peeled off, pinholes are generated in the film at the peeled portion, so that there is a problem that elution controllability is impaired. For this reason, coating is performed under conditions where the product temperature is lowered, but at low product temperatures, the adhesion between the coating layers that are repeatedly applied by spray coating is insufficient and the continuity of the coating may be impaired. Further, since the elongation of the resin is deteriorated, there is a problem that the film is cracked due to the contraction of the film that occurs when the solvent evaporates. For this reason, in the case of S-type coated fertilizer, the elution prevention period is shortened at low product temperatures. In particular, in the case of polyolefin resins, it is difficult to produce coated fertilizers with an elution prevention period of 40 to 50 days in 25 ° C water, which is the most versatile, at a product temperature of 80 ° C or less, and the coverage is high (the film thickness is increased). ) Has been used in the past.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above facts, the present inventors have studied various film compositions for the purpose of producing an S-type coated fertilizer having a thin film with an elution prevention period of 40 days or more. The inventors have found that the object can be achieved by combining an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer based on a polymer, and have arrived at the present invention. That is, the mixture (ratio 5 to 80% by weight of the copolymer in the mixture) of a copolymer of homopolymer and ethylene and 1-butene spirit on the surface of the granular fertilizer of ethylene present invention, further optionally, clay and The coated granular fertilizer has a film made of an inorganic powder selected from talc .
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
(1) Granular fertilizer to be coated The fertilizer used in the present invention is not particularly limited. In addition to granular simple fertilizers such as urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and ammonium phosphate, granular fertilizers containing multiple components such as N1, K 2 O, and P 2 O 5 Used for fertilizer. The particle size and shape of the fertilizer are not particularly limited, but are generally 0.5-4 mm, and particles having a spherical shape or a nearly spherical shape are preferred to those having an angular shape or a very irregular shape.
[0006]
(2) Coating material The coating material of the present invention is classified into three types: a main component polymer, a surfactant, and other additives. Details will be described below.
(A) Main component polymer The main component polymer is a basic material for forming a film on the surface of the granular fertilizer. In the present invention, the main component polymer has a mixture of at least a first component and a second component. As the first component, a homopolymer of ethylene is used, but the type is not particularly limited. An example is a polyethylene resin. Among them, polyethylene having a high elution prevention effect is suitable even if it is a small amount because of its low moisture permeability. These resins can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
[0007]
As the second component, ethylene- 1-butene copolymer is used. The proportion of 1-butene in the copolymer is 0.1 mol% or more and 50 mol% or less, preferably 1 mol% or more and 10 mol% or less. When the content of 1-butene is small, the physical properties of the copolymer are close to those of polyethylene, so that the elution prevention property when coated fertilizer is not improved, and when it is large, there is a problem that the moisture permeability of the film increases and elution is accelerated. The ethylene- 1-butene copolymer can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
[0008]
As a mixing ratio of the first component and the second component, the second component is 80% by weight or less and 5% by weight or more . If the amount is too small, the elution prevention property is not improved. If the amount is too large, the film becomes soft and film defects such as pinholes are likely to occur. Mixing of the first component and the second component can be easily performed by dissolving and stirring both in a solvent when preparing a spray coating solution as will be described later, but it is melt kneaded in a resin state. It can be mixed with.
[0009]
(B) A small amount of surfactant is added to the film for the purpose of controlling the dissolution rate when the surfactant fertilizer component starts to dissolve. As the surfactant, a polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether nonionic surfactant which is a condensate of alkylphenol and ethylene oxide represented by the following structural formula I is suitable.
[0010]
[Expression 1]
R-φ-O (CH 2 CH 2 O) nH ... I
R: alkyl group φ: phenyl group n: number of added moles
R is an alkyl group having 4 to 17 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include butyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, lauryl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, oleyl and the like, and among them, a nonyl group is preferable. Moreover, although the addition mole number n (average value) of ethylene oxide is 2 to 14, it is preferably 8 to 12. The amount added to the resin is in the range of 0.1 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 10%. Addition to the film is performed by dissolving in a solvent together with the resin.
[0012]
(C) Other additives In addition to (a) to (b) above, a small amount of organic substances such as waxes, plasticizers and antioxidants are added for the purpose of preventing film defects such as pinholes and preventing polymer deterioration. These may be added, but these are not essential to the present invention. Various powders can also be added for the purpose of reducing the temperature dependence of the elution rate and preventing blocking. Examples of such powders include inorganic powders such as clay and talc . The particle size is 0.1-50 μm, preferably 1-10 μm. The amount of the powder added is 1 to 80 % by weight, preferably 10 to 50 % by weight in the film. Addition to the film is performed by adding powder when the main component polymer is dissolved in a solvent and spray coating with the polymer.
[0013]
(3) Solvent When coating the above coating material, the material is melted and sprayed directly onto the granular fertilizer, the solution is dissolved in the solvent and the solution is sprayed, and the prepolymer is sprayed and cured. And the method is not particularly limited. However, in general, a polymer suitable for the present invention has a high melting point and a high melt viscosity. Therefore, industrially, direct coating of a melt is not suitable, and a method of spray coating a solution using a solvent. Is preferred. At that time, the solvent species is not particularly limited, but is appropriately selected in consideration of various conditions. Examples of the judgment material include the dissolving power, melting temperature, handling property, ease of recovery, toxicity, safety, price and the like of the polymer to be the film material. For example, when a polyolefin resin, particularly low density polyethylene, is used as the coating material, hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane, octane, toluene, xylene, tetralin, and chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents such as trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene are preferable. . In addition, when coating with a water-soluble polymer, emulsion resin, latex or the like, water is used as a solvent. The concentration of the solution is not particularly limited. For example, increasing the concentration is preferable because the amount of solvent used is reduced and the processing time is shortened. Further, when the concentration is lowered, the viscosity of the solution is lowered and the handling property is improved. However, in the case of spray coating, it is necessary to adjust the concentration so as to obtain a viscosity at which an appropriate spray state is obtained according to the spray nozzle used and the spray pressure. As a specific example, when low density polyethylene is used as the coating material and perchlorethylene is used as the solvent, the concentration of the solution is 1 to 12% by weight, preferably 3 to 10% by weight. In general, many polymer compounds are insoluble in a solvent when cold, and thus heating agitation is usually required to dissolve them.
[0014]
(4) Coating device The coating device applicable to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a device having a structure and a function of mixing and agitating the particulate material and sufficiently contacting the air flow. When classified according to the mixing agitation method, examples of the type of mixing agitation using the agitation blade include a Henschel mixer and a Nauter mixer. Examples of the apparatus that stirs particulate matter accompanying the movement of the apparatus itself include a rotating drum type coater (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 52-61216), a rotary pan type coater (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-85873), and a rotary drop type coater (Japanese Patent Application). Hei 5-139376, 5-185612, 5-342527) and the like. Further, the vibration flow device (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-245847) that stirs with a vibration force is preferable because it can vigorously stir a large amount of particulate matter. Examples of the type that is agitated by aerodynamic force include a Wurster type or spouted bed type coater that blows and circulates particles, and a fluidized bed type coater (Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-61840) that floats and flows particles. The application of the coating solution to the particulate material is usually carried out by spraying at appropriate locations in the agitating particles using a one-fluid or two-fluid spray nozzle. The solvent is removed by a hot air stream as described above. As the gas, in addition to air, an inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide can be used for safety.
[0015]
(5) Manufacturing method The main component polymer, surfactant and other additives described in (2) are dissolved in a solvent to prepare a coating material solution. On the other hand, by charging the granular fertilizer of the raw material into the coating apparatus of (4) and spraying the coating material solution using a spray nozzle while keeping the product temperature at 30 to 100 ° C., preferably 40 to 80 ° C. with hot air Apply coating. The product temperature here refers to a temperature measured by inserting a temperature detection terminal directly into a fertilizer particle population in a sprayed state. This product temperature is adjusted and maintained with hot air to remove the solvent. Of course, the temperature of the hot air must be equal to or higher than the product temperature, and is usually 50 to 150 ° C. The flow rate is determined in consideration of the solvent removal rate, the product temperature, the flow state of particles, and the like. The amount of the coating material (coverage) is 3 to 20% by weight, preferably 5 to 15% by weight, based on the raw material granular fertilizer. The spray coating time is determined by the concentration of the coating solution, the spraying speed, the coating rate, etc., but is usually 0.1 to 10 hours, preferably 0.2 to 3 hours. After the coating is completed, the coated fertilizer can be obtained by extracting the fertilizer from the coating apparatus as it is.
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example demonstrates this invention concretely, this invention is not limited to a following example, unless the summary is exceeded.
[0016]
【Example】
Coated urea was produced by the following method using granular urea having a particle size of 2.0 to 3.4 mm as a raw material fertilizer, and the elution patterns of nitrogen components (urea) were compared.
[0017]
[Example 1]
(1) Preparation of coating solution 90 parts by weight of polyethylene (density 0.919, melt flow rate 22, melting point 107 ° C., hereinafter abbreviated as polyethylene A) as the first component of the main component polymer of the coating material, ethylene as the second component 10 parts by weight of 1-butene copolymer Tafmer A-4085 (Mitsui Petrochemical, density 0.88, melt flow rate 3.6), polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether (nonal 212 manufactured by Toho Chemical) as an elution regulator Using 0.7 parts by weight, these were dissolved in a solvent perchlorethylene at 85 ° C. to a concentration of 5% by weight to obtain a coating solution.
[0018]
(2) Coating As a coating device, a falling cylinder (cross section 0.15 × 0.25 m) installed in the drum while circulating granular fertilizer with a bucket provided inside the rotating drum (inner diameter 3.8 m) , A rotary drop coater of a type in which the fertilizer is continuously dropped within a length of 2 m and the coating solution is sprayed into the dropping cylinder (see FIG. 1). After introducing air at a temperature of 75 ° C. and an empty cylinder speed of 4.4 m / s upward from the lower part of the dropping cylinder of the coater, the rotational speed of the rotating drum is adjusted to 8 rpm, and then 10 kg of raw material urea is charged into the coater. The state where the fertilizer falls continuously inside was made. When the temperature sensor inserted in the dropping fertilizer at the spraying position reached 60 ° C., the coating solution of (1) was applied from the side surface at the top of the dropping cylinder using a one-fluid nozzle at a spraying speed of 440 g / min. A coated fertilizer with a coverage of 11% by weight (ratio of the weight of the film to urea) was made by spraying for minutes. The nitrogen component elution pattern of this coated fertilizer was measured and plotted by the elution test shown below to determine the elution prevention period. The results are shown in FIG. 2 and Table-1.
[0019]
(3) Dissolution test (elution pattern evaluation)
The dissolution pattern of the obtained coated fertilizer at 25 ° C. was evaluated as follows. 7 g of the coated fertilizer is weighed, 200 g of water is added, the container is sealed and placed in a thermostatic bath at 25 ° C. This is taken out at regular intervals and replaced with water. At that time, urea eluted in water is measured with a total nitrogen analyzer, and the dissolution rate is calculated by the following equation.
[0020]
[Expression 2]
Figure 0003729959
[0021]
When the cumulative value of this dissolution rate is plotted against the number of days, the dissolution pattern can be drawn. The elution prevention period is defined as the intersection of the extension line of the straight line portion corresponding to the elution prevention period of the elution pattern and the extension line of the straight line portion of the maximum slope of the elution period (obtained by drawing).
[0022]
[Comparative Example 1]
Of the coating material of Example 1, 100 parts by weight of polyethylene A and 0.7 part by weight of Nonal 212, an elution regulator, were used, and the coated fertilizer was prepared under the same conditions, and the elution pattern was evaluated. The results are summarized in FIG.
[0023]
[Example 2]
65 parts by weight of polyethylene A as the first component of the main component polymer of the coating material, 15 parts by weight of Tuffmer A-4085 as the second component, 20 parts by weight of talc (average particle size 5 μm) as the inorganic powder, and Nonal 212 as the elution regulator Using 5 parts by weight, these were dissolved in the solvent perchlorethylene at 85 ° C. to a concentration of 5% by weight to obtain a coating solution. Using this, the coated fertilizer was made with the same apparatus and conditions as Example 1, and the elution pattern was evaluated. The results are summarized in FIG.
[0024]
[Comparative Example 2]
Of the coating material of Example 2, 80 parts by weight of polyethylene A, 20 parts by weight of inorganic powder talc, and 5 parts by weight of nonal 212, an elution control agent, were used to make a coated fertilizer under the same conditions. Evaluated. The results are summarized in FIG.
[0025]
[Example 3]
In Example 2, 57 parts by weight of polyethylene A as a coating material composition, 13 parts by weight of Tuffmer A-4085, 30 parts by weight of talc as inorganic powder, and 6 parts by weight of Nonal 212 as an elution regulator are used. The coated fertilizer was made under the conditions, and the dissolution pattern was evaluated. The results are summarized in FIG.
[0026]
[Comparative Example 3]
Of the coating material of Example 3, 70 parts by weight of polyethylene A, 30 parts by weight of inorganic powder talc, and 6 parts by weight of nonal 212, which is an elution regulator, were used to make a coated fertilizer under the same conditions. Evaluated. The results are summarized in FIG.
[0027]
[Example 4]
(1) Adjustment of coating solution 50 parts by weight of polyethylene (density 0.923, melt flow rate 4.0, melting point 111 ° C., hereinafter abbreviated as polyethylene B) as the first component of the main component polymer of the coating material, as the second component 10 parts by weight of Tuffmer A-4085, 40 parts by weight of talc (average particle size 5 μm) as an inorganic powder, and 8 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether (Nonal 208 manufactured by Toho Chemical) as an elution regulator It was dissolved at 85 ° C. so as to have a concentration of 5% by weight in perchlorethylene to obtain a coating solution.
[0028]
(2) Coating The Wurster type coating apparatus shown in FIG. 2 was charged with 1 kg of raw material urea particles, and air at a temperature of 80 ° C. was blown at 80 Nm 3 / h to create a jet state of urea particles. Thereafter, the above coating solution was sprayed at a flow rate of 65 g / min for 33 minutes to prepare a coated fertilizer having a coating rate of 11%. The results of examining the elution pattern of this coated fertilizer are summarized in FIG.
[0029]
[Comparative Example 4]
Of the coating material of Example 4, 60 parts by weight of polyethylene B, 40 parts by weight of talc of inorganic powder, and 8 parts by weight of nonal 208 of elution regulator were used. The elution pattern was evaluated. The results are summarized in FIG.
In any of Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the elution prevention period is 40 days or less with only the first component polymer. On the other hand, as shown in Examples 1-4, the elution prevention period is extended to 40 days or more by adding the second component.
[0030]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003729959
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an S-type fertilizer that has a dissolution period of 40 days or longer even with a thin film.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coating apparatus used in an example of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an elution pattern of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. FIG. 3 is an elution pattern of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2. Elution pattern of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 [FIG. 5] Elution pattern of Example 4 and Comparative Example 4 [Explanation of symbols]
1 Rotating drum 2 Bucket 3 Granular fertilizer 4 Falling cylinder 5 Hot air inlet 6 Exhaust port 7 Spray port 8 Motor

Claims (4)

粒状肥料の表面にエチレンのホモポリマーとエチレン及び1−ブテンのコポリマーとの混合物(該混合物中のコポリマーの割合が5〜80重量%)、要すれば更に、クレー及びタルクから選ばれた無機粉体から成る皮膜を有することを特徴とする被覆粒状肥料。A mixture of an ethylene homopolymer and an ethylene and 1-butene copolymer on the surface of the granular fertilizer (the proportion of the copolymer in the mixture is 5 to 80% by weight ), and if necessary, an inorganic powder selected from clay and talc A coated granular fertilizer, characterized by having a film composed of a body . 皮膜の形成方法が、スプレーコ−ティングであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の被覆粒状肥料。  2. The coated granular fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the film is formed by spray coating. 原料の粒状肥料に対する皮膜の割合(被覆材料の被覆率)が、5〜15重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の被覆粒状肥料。3. The coated granular fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of the film to the raw granular fertilizer (covering ratio of the coating material) is 5 to 15% by weight . エチレン及び1−ブテンのコポリマー中の1−ブテンの割合が、1モル%以上10モル%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の被覆粒状肥料。  The coated granular fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the proportion of 1-butene in the copolymer of ethylene and 1-butene is 1 mol% or more and 10 mol% or less.
JP00580197A 1997-01-16 1997-01-16 Coated granular fertilizer Expired - Lifetime JP3729959B2 (en)

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US6139597A (en) * 1998-10-14 2000-10-31 Oms Investments, Inc. Controlled release fertilizer compositions and processes for the preparation thereof
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