JP3727611B2 - Outboard motor - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an outboard motor equipped with a V-type four-stroke engine with a crankshaft installed vertically.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In an outboard motor using an internal combustion engine as a power source, the installation of a four-stroke engine is advantageous in terms of fuel consumption and emission control because there is no blow-through of fresh gas as in a two-stroke engine.
In addition, the outboard motor may interfere with the intrusion into the ship when tilting up, especially when it is attached to the stern of a boat with a partition wall, or when it is steered, especially when two aircraft are used, From the point of view, it is desirable to be particularly compact in terms of height and width, and the same applies when a four-stroke engine is selected.
Already, outboard motors equipped with a 45-horsepower four-stroke engine have been put into practical use, and in consideration of the above-mentioned background, some adopt an in-line three-cylinder four-stroke engine with a vertical crankshaft.
As one of the further increases in engine output, it is conceivable to increase the number of cylinders to 4 or more, and there is also a V-type 6-cylinder 4-stroke system that employs a V-type cylinder arrangement that satisfies the requirements of height and width. An outboard motor equipped with an engine is known from Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-267561.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when the outboard motor equipped with a V-type 4-stroke engine, since the engine V-type on the left and right in a plan view are arranged, an exhaust passage and a starter mechanism, the arrangement of the oil filter, the left and right width It tends to be large and may lead to an increase in the size of the outboard motor in the width direction.
[0004]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems. The object of the present invention is an outboard motor equipped with a V-type four-stroke engine, which is lightweight and compact, and particularly suppresses an increase in width. The purpose is to provide an outboard motor capable of suppressing the increase in direction and reducing the size of the entire model.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Above object according to claim 1 to solve the the crank shaft (22) a vertical city, a plurality of cylinders (26) a V-type plan view V-type engine with four-stroke arranged so as to form a bank of (21) In the outboard motor with the crankshaft (22) on the front side and the cylinder head (33) on the rear side, the exhaust passages (48, 49) of the engine (21) are arranged outside the V-shaped bank. bending toward the crank chamber (31a) from the cylinder head (33), connected to the downstream side, the crankshaft oil pump to the lower end of (22) (55) is provided, the crankcase of the engine (21) ( 31) is provided with an oil passage (69 ) from the oil pump (55) , and an oil filter (56) is disposed in front of the crankcase (31) .
[0006]
According to the above means, the outboard motor can be made compact in the left-right width direction by arranging the exhaust passage and the oil filter, and a rational lubrication path configuration process up to the oil filter can be performed.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are viewed in the direction of the reference numerals.
1 is a central sectional view showing an outboard motor A according to a first embodiment to which the present invention is applied, FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view of the engine portion thereof, FIG. 13 is an outline view of the outboard motor according to the present invention, and FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of the vibration isolating means.
In FIG. 13, reference numeral 20 denotes an outboard motor main body, which is attached to the stern of the hull B by the outboard motor attachment means 1.
[0008]
1 and 2, the outboard motor mounting means 1 swings via a stern bracket 2 fixed to the stern of the hull B and a tilt shaft 3 having a horizontal axis on the stern bracket 2. The swivel case 4 supported so as to be able to rotate, the swivel shaft 5 having a substantially vertical axis supported rotatably on the swivel case 4, and the outboard motor main body integrally provided above and below the swivel shaft 5. The upper and lower support members 6, 8 that support 20 are configured. The upper support member 6 is integrally provided with an operation handle or a remote control steering cable mounting portion 7 extending forward.
As shown in FIG. 14, the upper and lower support members 6, 8 support the outboard motor main body 20 via vibration isolation means (vibration isolation rubber) 11, 15.
Returning to FIGS. For the anti-vibration means 11 and 15, see FIG.
[0009]
The outboard motor will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. In the figure, Fr indicated by an arrow indicates the front in the propulsion direction (front of the outboard motor), and Rr indicates the rear in the propulsion direction (rear of the outboard motor).
The same applies to FIG. 9, FIG. 10, FIG. 13, and FIG.
The outboard motor main body 20 is vertically installed with the crankshaft 22 oriented substantially vertically, and includes two upper and lower cylinders 26 on one side and four cylinders 26 and 26 on the left side that are expanded to the left and right V-shaped respectively. The V-type four-cylinder four-stroke engine 21 with the V-type expansion angle of the left and right cylinder axes C and C being within 90 ° is disposed in the upper part, and the case means 60 is assembled below it.
[0010]
In the engine 21, 23 is a journal portion of the crankshaft 22, 24 is the same crankpin, 25 is the same crank web, 27 is a piston, 28 is a piston pin, 29 is a connecting rod, 31 is a crankcase, It is arranged ahead.
Reference numeral 32 denotes a cylinder block, and 33 denotes a cylinder head, which is disposed rearward in the entire outboard motor. 34 is a cylinder head cover, 35 is a timing belt device, 36 is a camshaft, 37 is a rocker arm, 38 is an intake valve, and 39 is an exhaust valve.
[0011]
The V-type four-cylinder four-stroke engine 21 described above is covered with an engine cover 41, and from the air inlet 42 provided in the engine cover 41, through the silencer 43, the carburetor 44, and the intake manifold 45, the inside of the V bank. Intake is performed in the left and right intake passages 46, 46 formed in the left and right sides.
47 is a combustion chamber, and 48, 49, 48, 49 are exhaust passages of the cylinder head 33. As is apparent from FIG. 2, the exhaust passages 48, 49, 48, 49 are formed outside each V bank.
The exhaust passages 48, 49, 48, 49 are bent in the direction of the crank chamber 31 a in the crankcase 31.
[0012]
A mount case 51 is integrally provided below the engine 21 by bolts to the lower surfaces of the crankcase 31 and the cylinder block 32.
1 and 2, 52 indicates a starter motor constituting the starter, 53 is a flywheel, 54 is a ring gear meshing with the starter motor 52, 55 is an oil pump provided at the lower end of the crankshaft 22, and 56 is It is an oil filter.
[0013]
The starter motor and the oil filter 56 that mesh with the ring gear 54 and constitute the starter are disposed in front of the crankcase 31 as is apparent from FIGS. 1 and 2.
The case means 60 assembled below the V-type four-cylinder four-stroke engine 21 includes an extension case 61 that is bolted to the lower surface of the mount case 51 and a gear case 71 that is bolted to the lower surface of the extension case 61.
[0014]
The extension case 61 accommodates a vertical shaft 62 directly connected to the lower end portion of the crankshaft 22 and two exhausts connected downstream of the vertical exhaust passages 49, 49 formed outside the V bank of the cylinder block 32. The pipes 63 and 63 and an oil pan 64 bolted to the lower surface of the mount case 51 are accommodated. 64a is an exhaust pipe support stay provided on the oil pan 64, 64b is an oil drain bolt, 65 is an upper mount lid integrally formed with the oil pan 64, 66 is an oil strainer, 67 is an oil pumping pipe, and 68 is a cylinder block 32. An oil suction path 69 is formed on the crankcase 31 and an oil discharge path 69 is formed on the crankcase 31.
[0015]
The gear case 71 has a lower part of the vertical shaft 62, a driving bevel gear 72 at the lower end thereof, a propeller shaft 74 having a propeller 73 as propulsion means, a pair of driven bevel gears 75 and 76 for forward and backward movement at the end, The dog clutch 77 for forward / reverse switching, the eccentric clutch operating mechanism 78 and the operating shaft 79 are housed. The operation shaft 79 protrudes to the outside from the lower part of the extension case 61, penetrates through the swivel shaft 5, protrudes upward, and is connected to an operation system in the engine room.
[0016]
In the extension case 61 and the gear case 71, partition walls 81 and 82 are formed that are divided forward and backward behind the vertical shaft 62, and an exhaust chamber 83 is behind the partition walls 81 and 82.
In the submerged state of the lower portion of the outboard motor main body 20, the exhaust in the exhaust chamber 83 is exhausted in the center of the propeller 73 through the exhaust hole 85 between the gear case 71 and the propeller shaft holder 84 in the propulsion state by the propeller 73. 86 is discharged into the water. Further, the exhaust gas in the idling state of the engine 21 is discharged from the upper portion of the exhaust chamber 83 through the exhaust passage 87 on the lower surface of the mount case 51 to the outside air from the exhaust port 88 on the upper portion of the extension case 61.
[0017]
In the gear case 71, a cooling water intake chamber 91 is formed in front of the partition wall 82 and around the lower portion of the vertical shaft 62. A water pump 92 is provided above the cooling water intake chamber 91, and the cooling water discharge port 93 is connected via a hose 94. And connected to the cooling water intake 95 of the upper mount lid 65.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the cooling water inlet 95 communicates with a cooling water passage 96 formed on the lower surface of the mount case 51, and the cooling water passage on the upper surface side through the left and right through holes 96a, 96a. 97, 97. Drain ports 98 and 98 penetrating in the vertical direction are formed outside the cooling water passages 97 and 97, and exhaust passages 89 and 89 are formed next to the drain ports 98 and 98.
The exhaust passage 89 is connected to the exhaust passage 49 of the cylinder block 32 on the upper side and to the exhaust pipe 63 on the lower side.
[0018]
An upper mount recess 00 is formed in the center of the mount case 51 as a space opening on the lower surface, and the anti-vibration rubber 11 of the upper support member 6 is accommodated in the upper mount recess 00. Has been.
That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the anti-vibration rubber 11 in which the metal core 13, which is a rigid body portion extending in the left-right direction, is housed in the upper mount recessed portion 99 from below and the upper support member 6 is bifurcated on the left and right. The arm portions 6a, 6a and the cored bar 13 are coupled by bolts nuts 14, 14.
Thereafter, the recess 00 is closed by an upper mount lid 65 bolted to the lower surface of the center of the mount case 51. In FIG. 5, the upper mount rubber 12 is symmetrical. The upper mount lid portion 65 is provided with an extending leg portion to the vibration isolating rubber 11 as necessary.
[0019]
Further, a lower mount through-hole 101 which is a space portion opened on both the left and right side surfaces is formed at a lower portion of the extension case 61, and the lower support member 8 of the lower support member 8 is formed in the lower mount through-hole 101. Anti-vibration rubber 15 is stored.
That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the anti-vibration rubber 15 in which the metal core 17 that is a rigid body portion extending in the left-right direction is embedded is inserted into the lower mount through-hole 101 from one side, and the lower support member is inserted. 8 The left and right bifurcated arm portions 8a, 8a and the cored bar 17 are coupled by bolts nuts 18, 18 via collars 19, 19 which are coupling members.
Thereafter, the through-hole 101 is closed by lid members 102 and 102 that are bolted to the left and right side surfaces of the extension case 61. Reference numeral 103 denotes a reinforcing portion integrated with the extension case 61 formed to be substantially flush with the lid member 102 at the opening front portion of the through-hole 101.
[0020]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4, a main oil return port 111 is formed in the mount case 51 on the rear side opposite to the upper mount recess 99 with the cooling water passage 96 interposed therebetween. A concave wall surface 112 opened on the upper surface and a concave wall surface 113 opened on the lower surface are formed.
Further, on the left and right sides of the upper mount recess 99, auxiliary oil return passages 114, 114 are formed on the lower surface and sandwich a cross-sectional space 51 a that is closed by the upper mount lid 65.
In FIG. 3, reference numeral 115 denotes a coupling surface with the crankcase 31, and 116 is a coupling surface with the cylinder block 32. In FIG. 4, reference numeral 117 denotes a coupling surface with the oil pan 64 and the upper mount lid portion 65, and 118 is a coupling surface with the extension case 61.
[0021]
Next, the oil circulation path of the engine 21 will be described.
First, the oil in the oil pan 64 is pumped up through the strainer 66, the pumping pipe 67, and the suction path 68 by the oil pump 55 provided at the lower end of the crankshaft 22, and the oil discharged into the discharge path 69 is supplied to the crankcase. The oil is supplied to the necessary lubricating portion through the oil passage 121 formed in the cylinder 31, the oil passage 122 formed in the cylinder block 32, the oil passage 123 formed in the cylinder head 33, and the like.
Then, the oil in the crankcase 31 used for lubrication and the oil from the cylinder head flow down to the upper surface of the mount case 51 and flow into the main oil return port 111 and the sub oil return passages 114 and 114.
The auxiliary oil return passages 114 and 114 are effective as oil return when the outboard motor is tilted up.
[0022]
Next, the cooling water circulation path of the engine 21 will be described.
First, the water pump 92 provided at the lower portion of the vertical shaft 62 causes the water in the water channel to pass through the cooling water intake chamber 91, the cooling water discharge port 93, and the hose 94 in the gear case 71, and the cooling water for the upper mount lid 65. From the intake 95, it is sent to the cooling water passage 96 on the lower surface of the mount case 51, and is sent to the cooling water passages 97, 97 on the upper surface side through the left and right through holes 96a, 96a.
Cooling water passages 131 and 131 that open facing each other and communicate with each other are formed in the side portions of the exhaust passages 49 and 49 outside the V bank of the cylinder block 131. Through the cooling water passages 131 and 131, the cooling water passages 132 formed around the cylinders 26, the exhaust passages 48 of the cylinder head 33, the cooling water passages 133 formed around the combustion chambers 47, and the combustion chambers 47. It flows to the formed cooling water passage 134.
[0023]
In this way, the hot water supplied for cooling passes through the drainage passages 135 and 135 formed side by side on both cooling water passages 131 and 131 outside the V bank of the cylinder block 31, and passes through the drainage ports 98 and 98 of the mount case 51. It is discharged into the extension case 61 through the hole of the packing P.
In FIG. 2, reference numeral 136 denotes a thermostat provided between the cooling water passage 132 and the drainage passage 135.
Further, the exhaust passage 87 on the lower surface of the mount case 51 formed between the upper portion of the exhaust chamber 83 in the extension case 61 and the exhaust port 88 is a chamber 87a around the coupling surface 117 with the oil pan 64 as shown in FIG. And a chamber 87d communicating with each other through a through-hole 87c formed in the partition wall 87b behind it, and a porous packing P is interposed between the exhaust passage 87 and the extension case 83. ing.
[0024]
In the outboard motor configured as described above, the V-type four-cylinder four-stroke engine 21 in which the V-type expansion angle of the left and right cylinder axes C and C is within 90 ° is as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. When the first crank pin 24a and the piston 27a, the second crank pin 24b and the piston 27b, the third crank pin 24c and the piston 27c, the fourth crank pin 24d and the piston 27d in this order, the crank described below is used. Pin phase angle and cylinder firing order.
Here, the first piston 27a and the third piston 27c are on the side of one of the cylinders 26 and 26 in the V-shaped arrangement, and the second piston 27b and the fourth piston 27d are the other cylinder in the V-shaped arrangement. 26, 26 side.
[0025]
First, as for the crankpin phase angle, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the phase angle between the first crankpin 24a and the third crankpin 24c is 180 °, and the second crankpin 24b and the fourth crankpin. The phase angle of 24d is set to 180 °.
As for the cylinder ignition order, when the rotation direction of the crankshaft 22 is the arrow R direction, the cylinder 26 corresponding to the first piston 27a, the second piston 27b, the fourth piston 27d, and the third piston 27c. It is set so that ignition is performed in the order of.
Moreover, the ignition intervals are set to be equal.
The crank balance is set to approximately 0%.
[0026]
According to the outboard motor having the above configuration, the V-type four-cylinder four-stroke engine 21 in which the V-type expansion angle of the left and right cylinder axes C and C is within 90 ° is mounted on the outboard motor main body 20 in particular. Therefore, it is not only advantageous in terms of fuel consumption and emission control by a 4-stroke engine, but also reduced in weight by reducing the number of parts compared to an outboard motor equipped with a conventional V-6 4-stroke engine. It can be achieved and the engine can be stored compactly in terms of height.
[0027]
In addition, in the V-type four-cylinder engine 21 described above, the phase angle between the first crankpin 24a and the third crankpin 24c is set to 180 °, and the phase between the second crankpin 24b and the fourth crankpin 24d. Since the angle is set to 180 °, the primary inertia force of the engine is basically not generated, and the primary inertia couple is relatively small.
Then, the ignition order is set in the order of the cylinders 26 corresponding to the first piston 27a, the second piston 27b, the fourth piston 27d, and the third piston 27c, and the ignition intervals are set at equal intervals. In addition, since the crank balance is set to approximately 0%, the fluctuation component of the reaction force of the driving torque can be reduced.
[0028]
Therefore, when the V-type four-cylinder four-stroke engine 21 is mounted on the outboard motor, transmission of vibrations to the hull can be suppressed without particularly providing a primary couple balancer. Around 31 can be stored compactly.
As described above, the outboard motor portion that enters the hull at the time of tilt-up is compact, and it is possible to provide an advantageous outboard motor even when two aircraft are used.
[0029]
Further, since the primary inertia couple direction generated by the engine is a V-type four-cylinder four-stroke engine 21 generated in a plane perpendicular to the thrust direction of the outboard motor, the primary inertia couple transmitted to the hull. Therefore, it is possible to further reduce the vibration transmission.
When the rotation direction of the crankshaft 22 is reversed, the ignition order may be set in the order of the first, third, fourth, and second cylinders.
[0030]
The lower mount portion of the extension case 61 is formed with a lower mount through-hole 101 that opens on both left and right side surfaces, and a vibration-proof rubber in which a metal core 17 extending in the left-right direction is embedded in the through-hole 101. Since 16 is crossed, sufficient rigidity can be obtained even if the vibration-proof rubber 15 is enlarged, so that resonance of the case means 60 by the extension case 61 and the gear case 71 can be suppressed.
[0031]
In addition, the extension case 61 is integrally formed with the reinforcing portions 103 and 103 on both sides of the space portion for housing the left and right collars 19 and 19 for connecting the core metal 17 of the vibration-proof rubber 15 and the support member 8. The periphery of the member does not need to protrude laterally, and the moment of inertia of the cross section can be greatly increased, so that sufficient rigidity can be obtained.
In addition, since the anti-vibration rubber 15 is attached from the outside, the assembling workability of the lower mount portion is not greatly impaired.
In addition, since the closed loop is constituted by the support member 8, the metal core 17 of the vibration-proof rubber 15, and the two collars 19 and 19 that are connected therebetween, the rigidity is improved.
[0032]
Next, the outboard motor of the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 will be described.
In the second embodiment, components and parts similar to those in the first embodiment are omitted or simplified, but the same reference numerals are given to those appearing in the drawing, and the description thereof is omitted. In the following description, only the changes will be described.
[0033]
9 and 10, 248 is an exhaust passage of the cylinder head 33, 263 is an exhaust pipe, and the exhaust passage 248 of the cylinder head 33 extends downward to the outside of the V bank of the cylinder block 32 and has a lower end portion thereof. An exhaust pipe 263 is connected to the.
Further, in the V-type four-cylinder four-stroke engine 21, the V-type expansion angle of the left and right cylinder axes C and C is less than 90 °.
[0034]
11 and 12, when the V-shaped spread angle of the left and right cylinder axes C and C is θ, the relative angle between the first crank pin 24a and the second crank pin 24b is π−. The phase angle between the first crank pin 24a and the third crank pin 24c is set to 360 °, and the phase angle between the second crank pin 24b and the fourth crank pin 24d is set to 360 °.
Further, when the rotation direction of the crankshaft 22 is the direction of the arrow R, the ignition order of the cylinders 26 corresponding to the first piston 27a, the second piston 27b, the third piston 27c, and the fourth piston 27d. And the ignition interval is set to unequal intervals.
[0035]
The following advantages are also obtained by the crankpin phase angle and the cylinder ignition sequence of the second embodiment.
That is, in the V-type four-cylinder four-stroke engine 21, the relative angle between the first crankpin 24a and the second crankpin 24b is π-2θ, and the phase angle between the first crankpin 24a and the third crankpin 24c. Is set to 360 °, and the phase angle of the second crankpin 24b and the fourth crankpin 24d is 360 °. Therefore, the primary inertia force of the engine is basically not generated, and the primary inertia couple is Even compared with the first embodiment, it is still smaller.
Since the order of ignition of the cylinders 26 corresponding to the first piston 27a, the second piston 27b, the third piston 27c, and the fourth piston 27d is set, the ignition intervals are set to unequal intervals. However, since it is close to that of equidistant ignition, the fluctuation component of the reaction force of the driving torque can be made relatively small.
[0036]
Therefore, similarly to the first embodiment, when the V-type four-cylinder four-stroke engine 21 is mounted on the outboard motor, transmission of vibrations to the hull can be suppressed without providing a primary couple balancer. It is possible to compactly surround the crankcase 31 of the engine 21.
When the rotation direction of the crankshaft 22 is reversed, the ignition order may be set in the order of the first, fourth, third, and second cylinders.
[0037]
In the embodiment, the detailed structure of each part has been described, but it is needless to say that the specific detailed structure can be appropriately changed.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention,
According to claim 1, City vertically crankshaft (22), a plurality of crankshaft of the cylinder viewed from V-type engine with four-stroke arranged to form a the (26) V-shaped banks (21) (22) In the outboard motor having the cylinder head (33) mounted on the rear side on the front side, the exhaust passages (48, 49) of the engine (21) are arranged outside the V-shaped bank so as to extend from the cylinder head (33) to the crank chamber. bending towards (31a), connected to the downstream side, the lower end of the crank shaft (22) is provided an oil pump (55), from the engine oil pump (55) in the crankcase (31) (21) The oil passage (69) is provided, and an oil filter (56) is disposed in front of the crankcase (31) .
[0039]
According to claim 1, in the outboard motor, the exhaust passage of the engine (21) (48, 49), toward the cylinder head (33) disposed outside of the plan view V-bank in a crank chamber (31a) Bending and connecting to the downstream side, an oil pump (55) is provided at the lower end of the crankshaft (22) , and an oil passage (69 ) from the oil pump (55) is provided in the crankcase (31) of the engine (21). ) And an oil filter (56) is arranged in front of the crankcase (31) , so that the exhaust passage (48, 49) and the oil filter (56) are arranged in a compact size in the lateral width direction of the outboard motor. In addition, it is possible to rationally configure the lubricating path up to the oil filter (56) .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of an outboard motor according to a first embodiment to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the engine portion. FIG. 3 is a plan view of a mount case portion. Bottom view of the case part [FIG. 5] Partially cutaway plan view of the upper mount part [FIG. 6] Cross-sectional view of the lower mount part [FIG. 7] Plan view explaining the crankpin phase [FIG. 9] Longitudinal side view showing the outboard motor of the second embodiment [FIG. 10] Cross sectional view of the engine portion [FIG. 11] Plan view for explaining the crankpin phase [FIG. 12] Same perspective view [FIG. 13] Outline drawing of outboard motor according to invention [FIG. 14] Explanatory drawing of vibration isolation means for outboard motor according to the present invention [Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 20 ... Outboard motor body, 21 ... Engine, 22 ... Crankshaft, 26 ... Cylinder, 31 ... Crankcase, 31a ... Crank chamber, 33 ... Cylinder head, 48, 49 ... Exhaust passage, 53 ... Starter motor constituting starter 54 ... Ring gear, 56 ... Oil filter, 69 ... Oil passage.

Claims (1)

A cylinder head with the crankshaft (22) in a vertical position and a plurality of cylinders (26) arranged so as to form a V-shaped bank in a 4-stroke plan view with the crankshaft (22) of the V-type engine (21) in plan view. In the outboard motor with (33) mounted on the rear side,
The exhaust passage (48, 49 ) of the engine (21) is disposed outside the V-shaped bank, bent from the cylinder head (33) toward the crank chamber (31a) , and connected to the downstream side.
An oil pump (55) is provided at the lower end of the crankshaft (22) ,
The crankcase (31) of the engine (21) is provided with an oil passage (69) from the oil pump (55) , and an oil filter (56) is disposed in front of the crankcase (31) .
Outboard motor characterized by that.

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