JP3712241B2 - Coated cutting tool / Coated wear resistant tool - Google Patents

Coated cutting tool / Coated wear resistant tool Download PDF

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JP3712241B2
JP3712241B2 JP02591895A JP2591895A JP3712241B2 JP 3712241 B2 JP3712241 B2 JP 3712241B2 JP 02591895 A JP02591895 A JP 02591895A JP 2591895 A JP2591895 A JP 2591895A JP 3712241 B2 JP3712241 B2 JP 3712241B2
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Prior art keywords
coated
tool
film
nitride
oxidation
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JP02591895A
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JPH08199338A (en
Inventor
広志 植田
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Moldino Tool Engineering Ltd
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Hitachi Tool Engineering Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本願発明は、耐摩耗性、耐欠損性に優れる切削工具として用いられる被覆切削工具及び耐摩耗工具として用いられる被覆耐摩工具に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来PVD法による硬質皮膜は、TiNが主流であったが、最近TiCN膜あるいは(TiAl)Nといった新しい種類の皮膜が開発され注目されてきている。TiCNはビッカース硬さが3000近くあり、TiNのビッカース硬さ2200に比べ格段に硬く耐摩耗性を著しく高める効果も持つ。一方(TiAl)NはTiとAlの比率により異なるが、概略2300〜2800のビッカース硬さを有し、TiNに比べ耐摩耗性を高める一方耐酸化性が優れるため刃先が高温になる切削条件下などで優れた特性を発揮するものである。
【0003】
又、(TiAl)N膜の皮膜の改善としてTi/Alの比率を限定した特公平5−67705号や、(TiAlZr)N、(TiAlV)Nといった更に多元系の皮膜にした米国特許4871434号等が提案され、更に改善が計られている。しかしながらこれらの新しい皮膜は、上述の長所を有するものの耐酸化性においてはまだ十分に満足されるものではない。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
その理由は、上述のAlを含む皮膜は確かに酸化開始温度は、TiN、TiCNに比べ高く、耐酸化性には優れるものの酸化が連続的に進行する条件下においては酸化進行速度は、TiN、TiCNと比べほとんど変わりのないものである。つまり、酸化により生成する酸化皮膜は、TiN、TiCNの場合と同様Alを含有する皮膜においても、ルチル構造を有し、ポーラスな皮膜である。
従って、酸化進行に対する抵抗は、ルチル構造であるがために極めて低い結果となるわけである。
【0005】
【本発明の目的】
本発明は、TiとAlを含有する窒化物、炭窒化物皮膜の耐酸化性をさらに改善し、酸化が連続的に進む高速切削において、より長寿命を示す皮膜を提供するものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そのため、本発明は(TiAl)Nを基本にこれに各種元素を添加する検討を行った結果、Yの添加により耐酸化性が著しく改善される知見を得た。
表1は、3μmの(TiAl)N皮膜をアークイオンプレーティング法により、バイアス電圧120V、窒素圧力10-1Paの条件下で成膜するときにYを添加した場合の酸化開始温度、及び850℃大気中での酸化速度を、3μmのTiN、(Ti0.5Al0.5)N皮膜と比較した結果を示す。
【0007】
【表1】

Figure 0003712241
【0008】
表1より、(TiAl)N皮膜中にYを固溶体化させることにより、皮膜の耐酸化性が向上することがわかる。よって、本願発明は、主成分としてTiとAlまたはその固溶体の窒化物、炭窒化物、炭化物より構成された0.5〜15μmの膜厚から成る硬質皮膜を被覆した被覆切削工具・被覆耐摩耗工具において、該硬質皮膜は、アークイオンプレーティングにより成膜され、且つ、該硬質皮膜の主成分の1部をイットリウムで置換し、該硬質皮膜の組成をモル比で、(TiaAlbYc)CxN1−xと表した場合、a、b、c、xがそれぞれ、a+b+C=1、0.3≦a≦0.7、0.3≦b≦0.7、0.01<c≦0.20、0≦x≦1、であることを特徴とする被覆切削工具・被覆耐摩耗工具であり、更に、該硬質皮膜の層と、Alの窒化物または炭窒化物、またはTiの窒化物または炭窒化物、またはTiAlの固溶体の窒化物または炭窒化物から成る層を5層以上の多層または積層にして、耐酸化性・高硬度を達成したものである。
【0009】
【作用】
上記のように(TiAl)化合物の皮膜中にYを添加することにより、皮膜の耐酸化性を向上させることが可能である。特に酸化速度において著しい改善が可能になる理由は、Yを添加した場合、形成される酸化皮膜の形態がルチル構造ではなくアナターゼ構造を示すためである。つまり、Y添加により非常に緻密な酸化膜が形成され酸化の進行が形成された酸化膜中の酸素の拡散に律速される形態をとることにより、酸化の進行が著しく抑制されるわけである。
従って、酸化が連続的に進行する高速切削において、皮膜の酸化がごく表面のみで発生し、これが酸化に対し保護膜として作用し、皮膜内部にまで酸化が進行せず、長寿命が得られるわけである。
【0010】
以下、数値限定した理由に付いて説明する。
(TiAl)化合物膜中に固溶体/混合体として添加するYは、0.01以下では耐酸化性を向上するのに必ずしも十分な効果がなく、0.20を越えると皮膜の硬さが著しく低下し、著しく劣化する傾向にあるため0.01<c≦0.20の範囲とした。
尚、上記の元素はターゲット材として固溶体化しても、また各元素を個別のターゲットとして蒸着時に成分を調整しても、さらに固溶体ターゲットと個別ターゲットを組み合わせても同様の効果が得られる。
【0012】
次に、Tiの量は0.7を越えると反対にAlの含有量が少なくなり、耐酸化性を劣化し0.3未満であると著しく硬さが低下するため0.3≦a≦0.7とした。皮膜中のCNの比率は、0≦x≦1、すなわち炭化物、窒化物、炭窒化物の範囲としたのは、(TiAl)膜中に固溶体/混合体として添加したYの効果により耐酸化性が改善されるため、窒化物よりさらに耐酸化性の悪い炭化物でも十分に使用でき、また硬さのやや低い窒化物、炭窒化物においても極端な耐摩耗性の劣化はないため0≦x≦1の範囲とした。
また、多層叉は積層化については5層以上にしないと個々の層の粒子の微細化が実現されず、硬さの向上が認められないため5層以上とした。
以下、実施例により本願発明を詳細に説明する。
【0013】
【実施例1】
84WC−3TiC−1TiN−3TaC−9Coの組成になるよう市販の2.5μmのWC粉末、1.5μmのTiC粉末、同TiN粉末、1.2μmのTaC粉末をボールミルにて96時間混合し、乾燥造粒の後、SNMG432のTAインサートをプレスし、焼結後、所定の形状に加工した。
この超硬合金基体上にPVD法により、各種(TiAlY)合金のターゲットを用い、表2に示すような皮膜を形成した。
尚、比較のため従来例で記載した膜も形成した。
【0014】
【表2】
Figure 0003712241
【0015】
次いで、これらの皮膜をコーティングされたスローアウェイインサートを大気中で徐々に昇温し、酸化増が認められる温度を測定した。また、大気中900℃において、時間とともに酸化増量を測定し、酸化速度を算出した。これらの結果も表2に併記する。
更に、下記に示す高速切削条件にて切削テストを行い最大摩耗が0.2mmに達するまでの時間を求め、その結果も表2に併記する。
被削材 S50C (Hs32)
切削速度 300m/min
送り 0.15mm/rev
切込み 1mm
切削油 なし
【0016】
表2より、Yを添加した皮膜は、格段に酸化速度が遅く、また、そのことが連続高速切削において著しい長寿命化に寄与している事が明らかである。
【0017】
【実施例2】
実施例1で用いた同一の超硬合金スローアウェイインサートを用い、表3に示す皮膜成分系の多層叉は積層化を行った。この場合、皮膜の総厚さは8μmに統一した。次いで、耐酸化性の評価を実施例1と同様に行い、その結果を表4に示す。また、ウルトラマイクロビッカース(荷重10g)にて硬さの測定を行った結果も表4に併記する。
【0018】
【表3】
Figure 0003712241
【0019】
【表4】
Figure 0003712241
【0020】
表3より、多層叉は積層化することにより、硬さの向上が認められるとともに1600層(1層当たり5nm)の場合には著しい硬さの向上が認められることが明かである。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
本発明の被覆切削工具・被覆耐摩耗工具は、従来のTiN、TiAlNに比べ、Yを添加することにより、耐酸化性、とりわけ耐酸化速度を向上させ、格段に長い工具寿命が得られるものである。また、本発明は超硬合金を主に説明してきたがTiCN基サーメットに適用した場合、及び高速度鋼に適用した場合にも優れた効果を現すことは自明である。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a coated cutting tool used as a cutting tool excellent in wear resistance and fracture resistance, and a coated wear resistant tool used as a wear resistant tool.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a hard film by PVD method has been mainly TiN, but recently, a new type of film such as a TiCN film or (TiAl) N has been developed and attracted attention. TiCN has a Vickers hardness of nearly 3000, which is much harder than TiN's Vickers hardness of 2200, and has the effect of significantly increasing wear resistance. On the other hand, (TiAl) N varies depending on the ratio of Ti and Al, but has a Vickers hardness of approximately 2300 to 2800, improves wear resistance compared to TiN, and has excellent oxidation resistance, so that the cutting edge is heated to a high temperature. It exhibits excellent characteristics.
[0003]
Further, as an improvement of the coating of (TiAl) N film, Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-67705 in which the ratio of Ti / Al is limited, US Pat. Has been proposed and further improvements are being planned. However, although these new coatings have the above-mentioned advantages, they are still not fully satisfactory in oxidation resistance.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The reason is that the film containing Al described above certainly has an oxidation start temperature higher than that of TiN and TiCN, and is excellent in oxidation resistance, but under the condition that the oxidation proceeds continuously, the oxidation progress rate is TiN, Compared to TiCN, there is almost no change. That is, the oxide film produced by oxidation is a porous film having a rutile structure even in a film containing Al as in the case of TiN and TiCN.
Therefore, the resistance to the progress of oxidation is extremely low because of the rutile structure.
[0005]
[Object of the present invention]
The present invention further improves the oxidation resistance of nitride and carbonitride films containing Ti and Al, and provides a film having a longer life in high-speed cutting in which oxidation proceeds continuously.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, as a result of studying addition of various elements to (TiAl) N based on the present invention, the present inventors have found that the oxidation resistance is remarkably improved by adding Y.
Table 1 shows the oxidation start temperature when Y is added when a 3 μm (TiAl) N film is formed by arc ion plating under the conditions of a bias voltage of 120 V and a nitrogen pressure of 10 −1 Pa, and 850. The results of comparing the oxidation rate in the atmosphere at 3 ° C. with a 3 μm TiN, (Ti 0.5 Al 0.5 ) N film are shown.
[0007]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003712241
[0008]
From Table 1, it can be seen that the oxidation resistance of the coating is improved by solidifying Y in the (TiAl) N coating. Therefore, the present invention is a coated cutting tool / coated wear-resistant coated with a hard film having a thickness of 0.5 to 15 μm composed of nitride, carbonitride, and carbide of Ti and Al or a solid solution thereof as main components. in the tool, hard coating is deposited by arc ion plating, and, a part of the main component of the hard coating was replaced by yttrium, in molar ratio the composition of the hard film, (TiaAlbYc) (CxN1- x ) , a, b, c, x are a + b + C = 1, 0.3 ≦ a ≦ 0.7, 0.3 ≦ b ≦ 0.7, 0.01 <c ≦ 0.20, respectively. 0 ≦ x ≦ 1, a coated cutting tool / coated wear-resistant tool , and further comprising a layer of the hard film , an Al nitride or carbonitride, or a Ti nitride or charcoal Nitride or TiAl solid solution nitride Other by a layer consisting of carbonitrides 5 or more layers or laminate is obtained by achieving oxidation resistance and high hardness.
[0009]
[Action]
As described above, the oxidation resistance of the film can be improved by adding Y to the film of the (TiAl) compound. The reason why a remarkable improvement in the oxidation rate is possible is that when Y is added, the form of the oxide film formed shows an anatase structure instead of a rutile structure. In other words, the progress of oxidation is remarkably suppressed by adopting a form that is controlled by the diffusion of oxygen in the oxide film in which a very dense oxide film is formed by addition of Y and the progress of oxidation is formed.
Therefore, in high-speed cutting where oxidation proceeds continuously, oxidation of the film occurs only on the surface, which acts as a protective film against oxidation and does not progress to the inside of the film, resulting in a long life. It is.
[0010]
Hereinafter, the reason why the numerical values are limited will be described.
The Y added as a solid solution / mixture in the (TiAl) compound film is not necessarily effective to improve the oxidation resistance if it is 0.01 or less, and if it exceeds 0.20, the hardness of the film is remarkably reduced. However, since it tends to deteriorate significantly, the range of 0.01 <c ≦ 0.20 was set.
The same effect can be obtained even when the above elements are formed into a solid solution as a target material, the components are adjusted during vapor deposition using each element as an individual target, or a solid solution target and an individual target are combined.
[0012]
Next, when the Ti content exceeds 0.7, the Al content decreases. On the other hand, the oxidation resistance deteriorates, and when the Ti content is less than 0.3, the hardness decreases remarkably, so 0.3 ≦ a ≦ 0. .7. The CN ratio in the film is 0 ≦ x ≦ 1, that is, the range of carbide, nitride, carbonitride is oxidation resistance due to the effect of Y added as a solid solution / mixture in the (TiAl) film. Therefore, even carbides with lower oxidation resistance than nitrides can be used satisfactorily, and even in nitrides and carbonitrides with slightly lower hardness, there is no extreme deterioration in wear resistance, so 0 ≦ x ≦ The range was 1.
Further, if the number of layers or the number of layers is not increased to 5 or more, the particles of the individual layers cannot be refined, and the improvement in hardness is not recognized.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples.
[0013]
[Example 1]
A commercially available 2.5 μm WC powder, 1.5 μm TiC powder, the same TiN powder, and 1.2 μm TaC powder were mixed in a ball mill for 96 hours to obtain a composition of 84WC-3TiC-1TiN-3TaC-9Co and dried. After granulation, the TAMG SN insert was pressed, sintered, and then processed into a predetermined shape.
A coating as shown in Table 2 was formed on this cemented carbide substrate by a PVD method using various (TiAlY) alloy targets.
For comparison, the film described in the conventional example was also formed.
[0014]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003712241
[0015]
Next, the throw-away insert coated with these films was gradually heated in the atmosphere, and the temperature at which increased oxidation was observed was measured. Moreover, the oxidation increase was measured with time at 900 ° C. in the atmosphere, and the oxidation rate was calculated. These results are also shown in Table 2.
Further, a cutting test is performed under the following high-speed cutting conditions, and the time until the maximum wear reaches 0.2 mm is determined. The results are also shown in Table 2.
Work Material S50C (Hs32)
Cutting speed 300m / min
Feed 0.15mm / rev
1mm depth of cut
Cutting oil None [0016]
From Table 2, it is clear that the film to which Y is added has an extremely slow oxidation rate, and this contributes to a significant increase in life in continuous high-speed cutting.
[0017]
[Example 2]
The same cemented carbide throw-away insert used in Example 1 was used, and coating component multilayers or laminations shown in Table 3 were performed. In this case, the total thickness of the film was unified to 8 μm. Next, the oxidation resistance was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 4. Table 4 also shows the results of measuring the hardness with Ultra Micro Vickers (load 10 g).
[0018]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003712241
[0019]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003712241
[0020]
From Table 3, it is clear that by increasing the number of layers or by laminating, an increase in hardness is recognized, and in the case of 1600 layers (5 nm per layer), a significant increase in hardness is recognized.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
The coated cutting tool / coated wear-resistant tool of the present invention improves the oxidation resistance, especially the oxidation resistance rate by adding Y, compared to conventional TiN and TiAlN, and a much longer tool life can be obtained. is there. Further, although the present invention has mainly described cemented carbide, it is obvious that an excellent effect is exhibited when it is applied to a TiCN-based cermet and when it is applied to a high speed steel.

Claims (2)

主成分としてTiとAlまたはその固溶体の窒化物、炭窒化物、炭化物より構成された0.5〜15μmの膜厚から成る硬質皮膜を被覆した被覆切削工具・被覆耐摩耗工具において、該硬質皮膜は、アークイオンプレーティングにより成膜され、且つ、該硬質皮膜の主成分の1部をイットリウムで置換し、該硬質皮膜の組成をモル比で、(TiaAlbYc)CxN1−xと表した場合、a、b、c、xがそれぞれ、a+b+C=1、0.3≦a≦0.7、0.3≦b≦0.7、0.01<c≦0.20、0≦x≦1、であることを特徴とする被覆切削工具・被覆耐摩耗工具In a coated cutting tool / coated wear resistant tool coated with a hard film having a film thickness of 0.5 to 15 μm composed of nitride, carbonitride, or carbide of Ti and Al or a solid solution thereof as a main component, is deposited by arc ion plating, and, a part of the main component of the hard coating was replaced by yttrium, in molar ratio the composition of the hard film, when expressed as (TiaAlbYc) (CxN1-x) , A, b, c, x are a + b + C = 1, 0.3 ≦ a ≦ 0.7, 0.3 ≦ b ≦ 0.7, 0.01 <c ≦ 0.20, 0 ≦ x ≦ 1, respectively. A coated cutting tool / coated wear-resistant tool characterized by the following: 請求項1記載の被覆切削工具・被覆耐摩耗工具において、該硬質皮膜の層と、Alの窒化物または炭窒化物、またはTiの窒化物または炭窒化物、またはTiAlの固溶体の窒化物または炭窒化物から成る層を5層以上の多層または積層にしたことを特徴とする被覆切削工具・被覆耐摩耗工具The coated cutting tool / coated wear-resistant tool according to claim 1, wherein the hard coating layer and Al nitride or carbonitride, Ti nitride or carbonitride, or TiAl solid solution nitride or charcoal A coated cutting tool / coated wear-resistant tool characterized in that a layer made of nitride is formed into a multilayer or a laminate of five or more layers.
JP02591895A 1995-01-20 1995-01-20 Coated cutting tool / Coated wear resistant tool Expired - Fee Related JP3712241B2 (en)

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EP1470880B1 (en) * 2002-01-31 2015-08-12 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Coated cutting tool member having hard coating layer and method for forming the hard coating layer on cutting tool
EP2255908A1 (en) 2002-06-25 2010-12-01 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Coated cutting tool member
JP5118381B2 (en) * 2007-04-10 2013-01-16 エリコン・トレーディング・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト,トリュープバッハ Tool with protective layer system
JP5692636B2 (en) * 2010-11-16 2015-04-01 三菱マテリアル株式会社 Surface coated cutting tool
JP5692635B2 (en) * 2010-11-16 2015-04-01 三菱マテリアル株式会社 Surface coated cutting tool
JP2014122400A (en) * 2012-12-21 2014-07-03 Kobe Steel Ltd Hard film excellent in cohesion resistance to soft metal

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