JP3711409B2 - Biodegradable agricultural fiber assembly - Google Patents

Biodegradable agricultural fiber assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3711409B2
JP3711409B2 JP05088193A JP5088193A JP3711409B2 JP 3711409 B2 JP3711409 B2 JP 3711409B2 JP 05088193 A JP05088193 A JP 05088193A JP 5088193 A JP5088193 A JP 5088193A JP 3711409 B2 JP3711409 B2 JP 3711409B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
agricultural
sheet
fiber assembly
woven fabric
group
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP05088193A
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Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH06264343A (en
Inventor
武 伊藤
知裕 青山
邦生 木村
敬一 宇野
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyobo Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Toyobo Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Toyobo Co Ltd filed Critical Toyobo Co Ltd
Priority to JP05088193A priority Critical patent/JP3711409B2/en
Publication of JPH06264343A publication Critical patent/JPH06264343A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3711409B2 publication Critical patent/JP3711409B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
  • Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、農業用繊維集合体に関し、更に詳しくは自然環境下で徐々に分解し、最終的には消失するため、使用後の焼却による大気汚染や放置による環境破壊のない生分解性農業用繊維集合体に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、防鳥網、結束用テープ、牧草保存用シート等の農業用繊維集合体はポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ塩化ビニル等のプラスチック材料が使用されている。
前記プラスチック材料は自然環境下でほとんど分解しないため、使用後回収され、焼却、埋め立てあるいはリサイクルにより処理されているが、リサイクルによる再生では採算があわず、焼却や埋め立てによる処理では大気汚染や埋め立て地の確保が困難等の問題がある。また、回収には多大な労力を必要とするために、回収し切れず土中等の自然界に放置され、環境破壊等様々な問題を引き起こしている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明者らの目的は、自然環境下で徐々に分解し、最終的には消失するため、使用後の焼却による大気汚染や放置による環境破壊の心配のない生分解性農業用繊維集合体を提供することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは上記事情を鑑み、使用後の焼却による大気汚染や放置による環境破壊の心配のない農業用繊維集合体を得るべく鋭意検討を重ねた結果、一般式−O−CHR−CO−(但し、RはHまたは炭素数1〜3のアルキル基を示す)を主たる繰り返し単位とする脂肪族ポリエステルを用いることにより、目的を達成できることを見い出し、ついに本発明を完成するに到った。
【0005】
すなわち、本発明は一般式−O−CHR−CO−(但し、RはHまたは炭素数1〜3のアルキル基を示す)を主たる繰り返し単位とする脂肪族ポリエステルを主成分とする分解性農業用モノフィラメント及び/又はマルチフィラメント繊維集合体に関するものであり、その用途を特に下記a群の少なくとも1種に限定するものである。
a群
防虫用シート、遮光用シート、防霜シート、防風シート、農作物保管用シート、保温用不織布、防草用不織布、農業用ネット、農業用ロー
該集合体は自然環境下に放置しておくと徐々に分解され、最終的には消失するため使用後の焼却による大気汚染や放置による環境破壊の懸念がないものである。
【0006】
本発明の繊維集合体を構成する脂肪族ポリエステルとしては例えば、ポリ乳酸、ポリグリコール酸等をあげることができるが特にこれらに限定されるものではない。
また、これらは単独重合体でも共重合体でもよく、あるいはブレンド体でも差し支えない。上記脂肪族ポリエステルを製造するには、公知の方法たとえば乳酸、グリコール酸等のオキシ酸の脱水重縮合、あるいはそれらの環状エステルの開環重合により得ることができる。その際、上記オキシ酸は単独でもあるいは混合物で使用しても差し支えなく、不斉炭素を有するものはD体、L体、ラセミ体のいずれであってもかまわない。
【0007】
本発明において脂肪族ポリエステルの粘度平均分子量は5000以上であり、好ましくは104 から106 のものである。5000未満では繊維集合体として十分な強度が得難くなり、106 を超えると紡糸時に高粘度となりすぎて扱いにくくなる。
【0008】
本発明の繊維集合体は、切断強度0.1GPa以上、切断伸度5%であり、且つヤング率が0.5GPa以上であるモノフィラメント及び/又はマルチフィラメントの複数本からなる農業用繊維集合体である。繊維集合体を構成するフィラメントの特性がこの範囲を外れると農業用繊維集合体として実用的な機械特性を有することが困難となり好ましくない。
【0009】
本発明の農業用繊維集合体とは規則的あるいは不規則的に繊維が集合した構成体を言い、例えば、繊維束や織物、編物、組物、不織布、多軸積層体等の布帛等として得ることができるが特にこれらに限定されるものではない。
これら上述の如く繊維集合体はその集合体形態により製造法は異なり、それぞれ従来公知の方法によって製造することができる。
【0010】
たとえば、本発明で言うところの脂肪族ポリエステルを溶融紡糸あるいは溶液紡糸するか、その後延伸することによりモノフィラメントあるいはマルチフィラメントを製造する。この際、公知の酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、滑剤、顔料、防汚剤等を適当にブレンドしても問題ない。得られたモノフィラメントあるいはマルチフィラメントを公知の加工法および打ち方あるいは製網法に基づいてロープあるいは網を製造できる。
また、乾式、気流式、湿式法又はスパンボンド法等の公知ウェブ形成法によりウェブを形成し、例えば、接着剤、添加剤による処理、あるいはニードルパンチ、流体パンチ等の機械的接結法といった公知の方法により、あるいはその後、乾燥、熱処理することにより不織布をえることができる。
更には得られたそれらの農業用繊維集合体の目的に応じてコーティング等の加工、あるいは他ポリマーとの併用を行っても差し支えない。
【0011】
本発明の繊維集合体は、下記a群で示された農業用に使用されるものを言う
a群
防虫用シート、遮光用シート、防霜シート、防風シート、農作物保管用シート、保温用不織布、防草用不織布、農業用ネット、農業用ロー
なお、農業用ネットとは、防鳥網、防風網、キュウリ等のつる用網、い草の倒伏防止網等の農業用ネット類であり、農業用ロープとは、ピーマン等の吊り紐、煙草乾燥用ロープ、荷造用紐やロープ等の農業用ロープ類である。
【0012】
更に本発明における脂肪族ポリエステルにポリカプロラクトン等の他の脂肪族ポリエステルやポリビニルアルコール、ポリオキシアルキレングリコール、ポリジオキサン、ポリアミノ酸等のポリマー、あるいはタルク、炭酸カルシウム、塩化カルシウム等の無機物、あるいはデンプン、アミノ酸、蛋白質や食品添加物等を適量混合することにより、機械特性、分解特性を種々変化させることが可能である。
【0013】
【実施例】
次に本発明を実施例を用いて具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0014】
実施例1粘度平均分子量30万のポリ乳酸を220℃で溶融し、直径0.7mmの細孔が20箇穿設された口金から0.3g/minの吐出量で口金下方の位置に取りつけたアスピレーターに供給した。該アスピレーターから噴出されるポリ乳酸フィラメントを下方の走行金網上に埋積させ、目付けが100g/m2 になるように連続的にウェブを採取し、該ウェブに100本/mm2でニードルパンチを施し、不織布を得た。得られた不織布片(縦10mm×横10mm)を土壌中に埋設し、重量変化を調査したところ半年後で初期重量の60%となり、一年後には29%となり、一年半後には形状を確認できないほど分解していた。
【0015】
【発明の効果】
本発明の農業用繊維集合体は、優れた生分解性と良好な物性を有している故に、使用後の焼却による大気汚染や放置による環境破壊の心配がないことから産業界、または環境保護に寄与すること大である。
[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to an agricultural fiber assembly, and more specifically, gradually decomposes in a natural environment, and eventually disappears, so that it is used for biodegradable agriculture without air pollution caused by incineration after use or environmental destruction due to neglect. It relates to a fiber assembly.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, plastic materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride are used for agricultural fiber assemblies such as bird nets, binding tapes, and grass preservation sheets.
Since the plastic material hardly decomposes in the natural environment, it is recovered after use and treated by incineration, landfill or recycling. There is a problem such as difficulty in securing. In addition, since a large amount of labor is required for the collection, the collection is not complete and it is left in the natural world such as in the soil, causing various problems such as environmental destruction.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The purpose of the present inventors is to gradually decompose in a natural environment, and eventually disappear, so that a biodegradable agricultural fiber assembly that does not have to worry about air pollution due to incineration after use or environmental destruction due to neglect is obtained. It is to provide.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above circumstances, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to obtain an agricultural fiber assembly that is free from fear of air pollution due to incineration after use or environmental degradation due to neglect, and as a result, the general formula -O-CHR-CO- It was found that the object can be achieved by using an aliphatic polyester whose main repeating unit is R (wherein R represents H or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms), and finally the present invention has been completed.
[0005]
That is, the present invention has the general formula -O-CHR-CO- (where, R represents H or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms) biodegradable agricultural mainly composed of aliphatic polyester to a main repeating unit The present invention relates to a monofilament and / or multifilament fiber assembly for use, and its use is particularly limited to at least one of the following group a.
a group of anti-insect sheet, light-shielding sheet, and allowed to stand frost sheet, windproof sheet, crop storage sheet, thermal insulation for the non-woven fabric, Anti-weed for the non-woven fabric, agricultural nets, agricultural low-flops the aggregate is in a natural environment If it is left, it will gradually decompose and eventually disappear, so there is no concern about air pollution due to incineration after use or environmental destruction due to neglect.
[0006]
Examples of the aliphatic polyester constituting the fiber assembly of the present invention include polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid, but are not particularly limited thereto.
These may be a homopolymer, a copolymer, or a blend. The aliphatic polyester can be produced by a known method such as dehydration polycondensation of oxyacids such as lactic acid and glycolic acid, or ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters thereof. In this case, the oxyacids may be used alone or in a mixture, and those having an asymmetric carbon may be any of D-form, L-form and racemate.
[0007]
In the present invention, the viscosity average molecular weight of the aliphatic polyester is 5000 or more, preferably 10 4 to 10 6 . If it is less than 5000, it is difficult to obtain sufficient strength as a fiber aggregate, and if it exceeds 10 6 , it becomes difficult to handle due to excessive viscosity during spinning.
[0008]
The fiber assembly of the present invention is an agricultural fiber assembly composed of a plurality of monofilaments and / or multifilaments having a cutting strength of 0.1 GPa or more, a cutting elongation of 5%, and a Young's modulus of 0.5 GPa or more. is there. If the properties of the filaments constituting the fiber assembly are out of this range, it becomes difficult to have practical mechanical properties as an agricultural fiber assembly.
[0009]
The agricultural fiber aggregate of the present invention refers to a structure in which fibers are aggregated regularly or irregularly, and is obtained, for example, as a fiber bundle, a fabric such as a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a braided fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or a multiaxial laminate. However, the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.
As described above, the fiber aggregates have different production methods depending on the aggregate form, and can be produced by conventionally known methods.
[0010]
For example, the monofilament or multifilament is produced by melt spinning or solution spinning of the aliphatic polyester as referred to in the present invention, or subsequent drawing. In this case, there is no problem even if known antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, lubricants, pigments, antifouling agents and the like are appropriately blended. The obtained monofilament or multifilament can be manufactured into a rope or a net based on a known processing method and a hitting method or a net making method.
Further, a web is formed by a known web forming method such as a dry method, an air flow method, a wet method, or a spun bond method, for example, a treatment with an adhesive or an additive, or a mechanical bonding method such as a needle punch or a fluid punch. A non-woven fabric can be obtained by the above method or after drying and heat treatment.
Furthermore, depending on the purpose of the agricultural fiber aggregate obtained, processing such as coating or combination with other polymers may be performed.
[0011]
The fiber assembly of this invention says what is used for agriculture shown by the following a group.
a group of anti-insect sheet, light-shielding sheet, frost sheet, windproof sheet, crop storage sheet, thermal insulation for the non-woven fabric, Anti-weed for the non-woven fabric, agricultural nets, The agricultural rope, the agricultural net, Botori Agricultural nets such as nets, windbreak nets, cucumber and other vine nets, weed netting prevention nets, etc. Agricultural ropes include bell peppers and other hanging strings, cigarette drying ropes, packing strings and ropes, etc. Ru agricultural ropes der.
[0012]
Furthermore, other aliphatic polyesters such as polycaprolactone and polymers such as poly (vinyl alcohol), polyoxyalkylene glycol, polydioxane, polyamino acid, or inorganic substances such as talc, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, or starch, By mixing appropriate amounts of amino acids, proteins, food additives, etc., it is possible to change various mechanical properties and degradation properties.
[0013]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be specifically described using examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0014]
Example 1 Polylactic acid having a viscosity average molecular weight of 300,000 was melted at 220 ° C. and attached to a position below the die at a discharge rate of 0.3 g / min from a die having 20 pores having a diameter of 0.7 mm. Supplied to the aspirator. The polylactic acid filaments ejected from the aspirator are buried on the lower traveling wire mesh, the web is continuously collected so that the basis weight is 100 g / m 2 , and a needle punch is applied to the web at 100 pieces / mm 2. To give a nonwoven fabric. The obtained non-woven piece (10 mm in length × 10 mm in width) was embedded in the soil, and when the change in weight was investigated, it became 60% of the initial weight after six months, 29% after one year, and the shape after one and a half years. It was disassembled so that it could not be confirmed.
[0015]
【The invention's effect】
Since the agricultural fiber assembly of the present invention has excellent biodegradability and good physical properties, there is no concern about air pollution due to incineration after use or environmental destruction due to neglecting the industry, or environmental protection. It is great to contribute to

Claims (1)

一般式−O−CHR−CO−(但し、RはHまたは炭素数1〜3のアルキル基を示す)を主たる繰り返し単位とする脂肪族ポリエステルを主成分とする下記a群の用途の中のいずれかである生分解性農業用モノフィラメント及び/又はマルチフィラメント繊維集合体。
a群
防虫用シート、遮光用シート、防霜シート、防風シート、農作物保管用シート、保温用不織布、防草用不織布、農業用ネット、農業用ロー
Any of the following uses of the group a based on an aliphatic polyester whose main repeating unit is the general formula -O-CHR-CO- (wherein R represents H or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms). A biodegradable agricultural monofilament and / or multifilament fiber assembly.
a group of anti-insect sheet, light-shielding sheet, frost sheet, windproof sheet, crop storage sheet, thermal insulation for the non-woven fabric, Anti-weed for the non-woven fabric, agricultural nets, agricultural rope
JP05088193A 1993-03-11 1993-03-11 Biodegradable agricultural fiber assembly Expired - Lifetime JP3711409B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP05088193A JP3711409B2 (en) 1993-03-11 1993-03-11 Biodegradable agricultural fiber assembly

Publications (2)

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JPH06264343A JPH06264343A (en) 1994-09-20
JP3711409B2 true JP3711409B2 (en) 2005-11-02

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Country Status (1)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06264378A (en) * 1993-03-11 1994-09-20 Toyobo Co Ltd Aggregate of biodegradable fiber for civil engineering

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US6787493B1 (en) 1995-09-29 2004-09-07 Unitika, Ltd. Biodegradable formable filament nonwoven fabric and method of producing the same
EP0765959B1 (en) * 1995-09-29 2000-01-19 Unitika Ltd. Filament nonwoven fabrics and method of fabricating the same
JP2001248028A (en) * 2000-02-29 2001-09-14 Unitika Ltd Biodegradable string
JP2002176863A (en) * 2000-12-15 2002-06-25 Kanebo Ltd Agricultural net
JP2005176616A (en) * 2003-12-16 2005-07-07 Unitika Ltd Binding tape
KR101865970B1 (en) 2012-12-26 2018-06-08 도레이첨단소재 주식회사 Composite non-woven fabric comprising a composition derived from a plant and manufacturing method thereof

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JPH06207324A (en) * 1993-01-12 1994-07-26 Unitika Ltd Biodegradable conjugate filament and nonwoven fabric made of the filament
JPH06207320A (en) * 1993-01-12 1994-07-26 Unitika Ltd Biodegradable conjugate short fiber and its nonwoven fabric
JPH06207323A (en) * 1993-01-12 1994-07-26 Unitika Ltd Biodegradable latent-crimping conjugate filament and nonwoven fabric made of the filament
JPH06212548A (en) * 1993-01-13 1994-08-02 Unitika Ltd Biodegradable latent-crimping conjugate short fiber and its nonwoven fabric
JPH06248511A (en) * 1993-02-23 1994-09-06 Kuraray Co Ltd Biodegradable fiber and cloth made of the fiber
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JPH0457953A (en) * 1990-06-26 1992-02-25 Unitika Ltd Microorganism-degradable nonwoven fabric
EP0510999A1 (en) * 1991-04-24 1992-10-28 MITSUI TOATSU CHEMICALS, Inc. Degradable polymer network
JPH05177734A (en) * 1991-04-24 1993-07-20 Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc Polymeric network material
JPH0559612A (en) * 1991-08-28 1993-03-09 Unitika Ltd Multifilament capable of being decomposed by microorganism
JPH0748769A (en) * 1992-11-11 1995-02-21 Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc Degradable nonwoven fabric and its production
JPH06200457A (en) * 1992-12-28 1994-07-19 Unitika Ltd Biodegradable short fiber non-woven fabric
JPH06200458A (en) * 1992-12-28 1994-07-19 Unitika Ltd Biodegradable short fiber non-woven fabric
JPH06207324A (en) * 1993-01-12 1994-07-26 Unitika Ltd Biodegradable conjugate filament and nonwoven fabric made of the filament
JPH06207320A (en) * 1993-01-12 1994-07-26 Unitika Ltd Biodegradable conjugate short fiber and its nonwoven fabric
JPH06207323A (en) * 1993-01-12 1994-07-26 Unitika Ltd Biodegradable latent-crimping conjugate filament and nonwoven fabric made of the filament
JPH06212548A (en) * 1993-01-13 1994-08-02 Unitika Ltd Biodegradable latent-crimping conjugate short fiber and its nonwoven fabric
JPH06248511A (en) * 1993-02-23 1994-09-06 Kuraray Co Ltd Biodegradable fiber and cloth made of the fiber

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06264378A (en) * 1993-03-11 1994-09-20 Toyobo Co Ltd Aggregate of biodegradable fiber for civil engineering

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