JP3705918B2 - Crushing machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a crusher that crushes waste such as rocks and construction waste, and particularly relates to a crusher including a hopper into which a material to be crushed is placed.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The crusher is used to handle various kinds of rocks and construction waste generated at construction sites, or general waste such as refrigerators and plastics (hereinafter referred to as “gala” as appropriate). By crushing to size, construction will be facilitated and cost will be reduced.
That is, the glass put into a hopper provided in the upper part of the crusher by a hydraulic excavator or the like is guided to a crushing device below the hopper and crushed into a predetermined size. The crushed glass falls from the crushing device onto a lower conveyor and is transported, and finally is carried out from the front of the crusher as a crushed material having almost the same size.
[0003]
During the crushing operation, for example, if the amount of glass put into the hopper is too large or the crushing device cannot crush it well, the glass may clog between the blades of the crushing device or near the hopper. is there. In such a case, it is common that the operation of the crushing device is stopped, and an operator enters the hopper and removes clogs that have been manually clogged. Also, during normal inspection work, an operator enters the hopper and performs maintenance.
[0004]
In order to make it easier for workers to enter the hopper, a structure in which a door that can be opened and closed is provided on the side wall of the hopper, which is a slope, has been proposed. No. 7-178346 is disclosed.
In the crusher described in this publication, an opening is formed in a rear side (cab side) portion of the hopper side wall, and a door that can be opened and closed via a hinge is provided in the opening, thereby allowing an operator to enter the hopper. It makes it easy to go in and out.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The prior art has the following problems.
The hopper needs to have a rigid structure to withstand the impact when the glass is inserted, and the side wall is usually formed of a thick steel plate or the like. Therefore, the weight of the door that can be opened and closed becomes relatively heavy, and it becomes necessary to provide a damper or the like to reduce the burden on the worker when opening and closing, which causes an increase in cost. Also, if a malfunction occurs in the damper or the like, the door, which is a heavy object, may suddenly operate due to its own weight, which hinders the safety of workers. Further, since the crushing device drive unit is usually provided at the lower part of the cab, the floor surface of the cab is arranged at a relatively high position, but the open / close door is accordingly positioned at a relatively high position on the hopper rear side wall. It must be installed in. Therefore, a slope with a certain level difference still remains between the hopper side end of the open / close door and the hopper bottom, and an operator may accidentally slide his / her foot on this slope. In particular, in the case of a rotary crushing device (so-called shredder or roll crusher) that crushes with a glass sandwiched between a pair of rotating bodies with blades attached, there is a risk because the blades are exposed at the bottom of the hopper. high.
[0006]
Moreover, in this kind of crusher, in order to protect the worker in a driver's cab from scattering of a glass, a protective net | network may be provided in the upper part of the back side wall of a hopper. When this protective net is provided in the above-described prior art, the worker is forced to take a cramped posture of crouching the body in order to pass under the protective net when entering and exiting the hopper from the open / close door. In order to avoid this, a structure in which an open / close door is provided on either the left or right side wall of the hopper is also conceivable, but in this case, it is necessary to provide a separate passage from the cab to the open / close door on the side of the hopper. This is a factor of cost increase.
[0007]
An object of the present invention is to provide a crusher that allows an operator to safely and easily enter and exit the hopper without incurring an increase in cost.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention, in order to achieve the above object, the first invention comprises a frame, a traveling means provided on the side of the frame, a crushing device which is provided on the frame, disposed above the crushing device In the crusher provided with the hopper and the cab provided on the driving device of the crushing device, the hopper on the cab side of the hopper is movable so as to be operable in a direction to reduce at least some of the height direction dimensions. A protective net having a portion is provided, and a scaffold for raising and lowering is provided in a movable part of the protective net.
[0009]
(2) In the above (1), the movable part of the protection net is configured to be rotatable and foldable around a rotation axis.
[0010]
(3) In the above (1), a buffer means for buffering the operation of the movable part is provided.
[0011]
( 4 ) In the above (1), there is provided a detecting means for detecting that the movable part is not in a fixed position.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a side view showing the overall structure of the self-propelled crusher according to the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a front view as seen from the direction A in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is from the direction B in FIG. FIG.
[0013]
1 to 3, the self-propelled crusher 1 is a hopper into which wastes such as rocks or construction waste (grass, not shown), which are objects to be crushed, are charged by a working tool such as a bucket of a hydraulic excavator. 2. A rotary crushing device (roll crusher) 3 for crushing the loaded glass into a predetermined size, a conveyor 4 for transporting the shatter that has been crushed by the roll crusher 3 to the front of the crusher 1, and this conveyor 4, a crusher body 6 equipped with a magnetic separator 5 that magnetically attracts and removes magnetic substances contained in the glass being carried on the conveyor 4, and a crusher body 6 provided below the crusher body 6. And a lower traveling body 9 having right crawler belts 8L and 8R.
[0014]
The roll crusher 3 is installed on a frame 10 provided in the crusher main body 6 as a connection portion with the lower traveling body 9, and as shown in FIG. 3, a pair of roll-shaped rotations with crushing blades attached thereto. The bodies 11a and 11b are rotated in opposite directions by a driving force generated by a hydraulic motor (not shown) in the driving device 12, and the glass is sandwiched between the rotating bodies 11a and 11b for crushing.
The conveyor 4 drives the belt 4a by the hydraulic motor 7, and thereby conveys the glass falling on the belt 4a from the roll crusher 3 to the front side.
The magnetic separator 5 is configured to drive the belt 5a disposed above the belt 4a of the conveyor 4 so as to be substantially orthogonal to the belt 4a by a hydraulic motor 17 around the magnetic force generating means (not shown). Then, the magnetic material is attracted to the belt 5 a by being applied to the belt 5 a, and then conveyed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the belt 4 a of the conveyor 4 and dropped to the side via the magnetic separator chute 21.
Each of the crawler belts 8L and 8R is spanned between a drive wheel 13 and an idler 14 provided on the lower traveling body 9, and travel left and right hydraulic motors (not shown) provided on the drive wheel 13 side. The crusher 1 is caused to travel by being given a driving force.
A driver's cab 15 is provided above the driving device 12, and a protective net 16 is provided at the front of the driver's seat 15 to protect the workers in the driver's cab 15 from splashes. It has been. As shown in FIG. 2, the protective net 16 is composed of three parts, a left net part 16a, a central net part 16b, and a right net part 16c in the traveling direction.
[0015]
In the above configuration, the hydraulic motors 7, 17 and the like for driving the roll crusher 3, the conveyor 4, and the magnetic separator 5, respectively, are the engine (not shown) as well as known hydraulic drive devices for the crusher. It is operated by pressure oil discharged from a hydraulic pump (same as above). These engine and hydraulic pump are disposed in the engine chamber 18 at the rear of the frame 10.
[0016]
At the time of crushing work, the glass loaded into the hopper 2 by a hydraulic excavator or the like is guided to the roll crusher 3 below the hopper 2 and crushed to a predetermined size by the roll-shaped rotating bodies 11a and 11b. It is dropped onto the conveyor 4 from the space below the crusher 3 and transported. Then, after the magnetic material (for example, the reinforcing bar pieces mixed in the concrete glass) is removed by the magnetic separator 5 during the transportation, the crusher is finally obtained as a crushed material having almost the same size. 1 is carried out from the front.
[0017]
The main part of the present invention is the structure of the hopper 2 and the protective net 16. Details will be described below.
4A shows a top view of the hopper 2, and FIG. 4B shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 4A. As shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), the hopper 2 has an upwardly expanded shape composed of four slopes 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, and the inner peripheral side of the rear slope 2c. Are formed with two steps 2c1 and 2c2 for raising and lowering the worker.
[0018]
FIG. 5 shows a structure near the protective net 16 as seen in a cross section corresponding to the VV cross section in FIG. 2, FIG. 6 (a) shows an enlarged view of a portion C in FIG. 1, and FIG. The top view seen from the D direction in Fig.6 (a) is shown. As shown in FIGS. 5, 6 (a), and 6 (b), the central net portion 16 b of the protective net 16 is provided on the lower side, and is fixed to the left net portion 16 a and the right net portion 16 c on both sides. Fixed portion 16bL and a movable portion 16bU provided above the fixed portion 16bL.
As shown in FIG. 5, the movable part 16bU is connected to the fixed part 16bL via a hinge 19 and is formed so as to be rotatable around the axis 19a of the hinge 19 (see a two-dot chain line in FIG. 5). Thereby, at the time of folding, the height direction dimension of the central net part 16b can be reduced. Further, two steps 20a and 20b for lifting and lowering the worker are attached to the hopper 2 side of the movable portion 16bU (on the side opposite to the hopper 2 when folded).
Further, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the frame 16a2 provided on the outer periphery of the net 16a1 of the left net 16a prevents the movable part 16bU from falling to the hopper 2 side. A stopper 22 and a knob 23 that can be manually fastened and loosened are provided. Corresponding to the knob 23, a locking member 24 is provided on the frame 16bU2 provided on the outer periphery of the net 16bU1 of the movable portion 16bU. The locking metal fitting 24 is mounted around the rotation shaft 24 so as to be freely rotatable by 360 °. When the movable portion 16bU is in a fixed position, the engagement portion 24 engages with the shaft 23a of the knob 23, thereby moving the movable portion 16bU. It can be fixed to the left net 16a.
[0019]
In the present embodiment configured as described above, when the worker enters and leaves the hopper 2, the worker can manually rotate and fold the movable portion 16bU of the central net portion 16b of the protective net 16 to From the floor surface 15a of the cab 15, it is possible to climb using the steps 20a and 20b of the movable portion 16bU, get over the fixed portion 16bL, and further get into the hopper 2 using the steps 2c1 and 2c2 of the hopper 2. it can. Further, when exiting the hopper 2, it is only necessary to return to the cab 15 on the reverse route and return to the original fixed position even if the movable portion 16bU is finally rotated. Thereby, it is possible to easily get over the protective net 16 with an easy posture, and it is possible to enter and exit the hopper 2 safely and easily without slipping a foot in the hopper 2. In addition, the movable portion 16bU includes a net 16bU1 and a frame body 16bU2, and can be operated manually because it can be made relatively light. Therefore, since there is no heavy door opening / closing operation as in the prior art, safety is high, and a damper for opening / closing is not required, thereby reducing costs. Further, the cost can be reduced as compared with the case where a passage is separately provided on the side of the hopper 2.
[0020]
In the above embodiment, the height of the central net portion 16b is reduced by rotating and folding the movable portion 16bU via the hinge 19, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the movable portion 16bU is slid downward and fixed. It is good also as a structure which can be accommodated in the part 16bL, ie, a structure which can be expanded-contracted in the height direction when it sees the whole central net part 16b. In this case, the same effect is obtained.
[0021]
Further, in the above embodiment, there is no particular buffering means for buffering the operation when manually folding the movable portion 16bU, but as shown in FIG. 7, one is the movable portion 16bU and the other is the right net. A damper 25 connected to the portion 16c may be provided. In this case, when the worker folds the movable portion 16bU, a rapid operation due to the weight of the movable portion 16bU is suppressed, so that the physical burden on the worker is reduced and an easier operation is possible.
[0022]
In the above embodiment, no detection means for detecting that the movable portion 16bU is not in the fixed position is provided. However, as shown in FIG. 8, a switch 26 may be provided as the detection means. That is, the switch 26 detects whether or not the locking metal fitting 24 is engaged with the shaft 23a of the knob 23, and outputs a corresponding signal to a controller (not shown) of the hydraulic drive device of the crusher. It has become. For example, when the locking bracket 24 is engaged, the movable portion 16bU is regarded as being in a fixed position fixed to the fixed portion 16bL, and an OFF signal is output, and the locking bracket 24 is not engaged. In this case, the movable portion 16bU is assumed not to be in a fixed position (that is, in a folded state), and an ON signal is output. Thus, when the switch 26 outputs an ON signal, the controller stops the hydraulic motor that drives the roll crusher 3, thereby ensuring the safety of the worker.
[0023]
In the above embodiment, the protective net 16 is not attached to the hopper 2 and is provided at the end of the cab 15 on the hopper 2 side. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and is described in JP-A-7-178346. In addition, the protective net 16 may be provided at the rear end of the hopper 2. Also in this case, the same effect can be obtained by providing the movable portion 16bU on the central net portion 16b and folding it.
[0024]
Further, in the above embodiment, the movable portion 16bU is provided only in the central net portion 16b among the left net portion 16a, the central net portion 16b, and the right net portion 16c that form the protective net 6, but the left net portion 16a and The right net part 16c may be provided with a movable part, and these may be folded. In this case, there are the following effects.
That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the protective net 16 protrudes most upward in the entire crusher 1, and therefore, when transporting to the work site, it must be removed to prevent interference with buildings around the road. It is often installed after arriving at the site. At the time of mounting, since the protective net 16 is relatively large, it is necessary to lift it with a crane or the like, and it is not easy to mount it at a high place.
On the other hand, if movable parts are provided in all of the central net part 16b, the left side net part 16a, and the right side net part 16c, all of these height direction dimensions can be reduced. The protective net 16 can be mounted in advance, and the above inconvenience can be solved.
[0025]
In the above embodiment, the steps 20a, 20b and steps 2c1, 2c2 provided on the movable part 16bU and the hopper 2 are all two stages, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the dimensions of the movable part 16bU and the hopper 2 are the same. Depending on the situation, three or more stages may be used, or only one stage may be used. In this case, the same effect is obtained.
[0026]
Moreover, although the said embodiment demonstrated taking the case of the crusher provided with the roll crusher 3 as a crushing apparatus, it is not restricted to this. That is, another crushing device, for example, a crushing device (so-called shredder) that shears objects to be crushed by rotating in reverse directions with a cutter arranged on a parallel shaft, or moving teeth back and forth with respect to a fixed tooth The present invention is also applicable to a crusher equipped with a crushing device (so-called jaw crusher) that crushes the glass by rocking. In this case, the same effect is obtained.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, when an operator enters and exits the hopper, the protective net can be easily climbed over in an easy posture. Further, the cost can be reduced as compared with the case where a passage is provided beside the hopper.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view showing the overall structure of a self-propelled crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view seen from the direction A in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a top view seen from the direction B in FIG.
4 is a top view of the hopper shown in FIG. 1 and a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV. FIG.
5 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure in the vicinity of a protective net as seen in a cross section corresponding to a VV cross section in FIG. 2;
6 is an enlarged view of a portion C in FIG. 1 and a top view of the structure viewed from the D direction.
FIG. 7 is a view showing a modification in which a damper is provided as a buffer means.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a modified example in which a switch is provided as a detection unit.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Crusher 2 Hopper 2a-d Slope 2c1, 2 Step (scaffold)
3 Roll crusher
16 Protective net 16b Central net 16bU Movable part (movable part)
19 Hinge 19a Shaft (Rotating shaft)
20a, b step (scaffold)
25 Damper (buffer means)
26 switch (detection means)

Claims (4)

A frame, a traveling means provided on the side of the frame, a crushing device which is provided on said frame, a hopper provided above the crushing device, and a cab provided on the driving device of the crushing device in crushing machine comprising, on the cab side portion of the hopper, the protective net is provided with operable movable part in a direction to reduce the height dimension of at least a portion, lifting for the movable part of the protection network A crusher characterized by providing a scaffold.   The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the movable part of the protection net is configured to be rotatable and foldable around a rotation axis.   2. The crusher according to claim 1, further comprising buffer means for buffering the operation of the movable part.   2. The crusher according to claim 1, further comprising detection means for detecting that the movable part is not in a fixed position.

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