JP3704671B2 - Half-duplex air membrane structure - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention forms a membrane roof using a membrane material, and raises the air pressure in the room surrounded by the membrane roof and the outer wall to make the membrane roof in a tension state and to resist the roof load and external force. For example, a technology that maintains the stability and rigidity of the membrane roof by keeping the indoor air pressure as low as possible and increasing the pressure of the air chamber formed by the membrane roof. Belonging to the field.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, there has been a great deal of research on building technology that creates large-scale facilities with no pillars using a membrane structure, and the air membrane structure has been realized and used as a Tokyo Dome. As shown in the conceptual diagram in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the air membrane structure is two-dimensional on the upper surface surrounded by the outer wall 1 of the airtight structure and in the plane of the compression ring 7 as shown in FIG. 8B. It is characterized by a structure in which a membrane roof 4 having a structure in which a membrane material 3 is fixedly mounted on a cable 2 assembled in a lattice shape and supported by pushing up the membrane roof 4 by air pressure. Is widely recognized as an advantage. Further, since the construction can be performed in a deflated state (a free suspension state, a state in which the film surface is contracted and suspended), the amount of temporary materials can be reduced, and the workability is excellent.
[0003]
As a familiar prior art example, the air membrane structure described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-18148 is a double-layered air chamber formed with a plurality of layers of air chambers independent on the inside and outside for the purpose of cooling and keeping warm. It is a membrane structure, and the outer air chamber is provided with an air pressure that can maintain the tension on the membrane roof, and the inner air chamber is configured to blow and circulate indoor or cold air at a set temperature. ing.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the present invention]
The air membrane structure is a structure based on the principle of supporting the roof load by pushing up the membrane roof with the indoor air pressure, and the indoor air pressure (always air pressure) must always be higher than the outside air pressure. The inside and outside are completely shut off. During snowfall, strong winds, and typhoons, the indoor pressure is increased until it resists these external forces to increase the rigidity and stability of the membrane roof. When analyzing the distribution of indoor pressure that supports the membrane roof, the proportion of the work that supports the roof weight is about half of the indoor pressure (always air pressure = 30mm water column), and other pressures are usually due to wind in the range of the membrane roof It is devoted to the function of preventing the vibration (sway).
[0005]
The technical problems of the air film structure described above are summarized as follows.
(1) The initial cost and running cost required for the air pressure device (fan) for applying the indoor pressure and the related air equipment are high.
{Circle around (2)} The cost of managing the 24-hour system necessary to maintain the proper erection state of the membrane roof in response to wind and snow loads and the indoor pressure control for computer applications that respond to the management are high.
[0006]
(3) Highly airtight fittings (doors, window sashes) necessary for maintaining and managing indoor pressure are required, and sanitary facilities are also expensive (for example, drainage that acts on the U-shaped pipe part of a toilet) It is expensive because the pressure setting is high). Furthermore, when the indoor pressure is increased during strong winds and snowfall, uncomfortable feelings such as wind pressure and tinnitus due to air leaks when people enter and leave are problematic.
[0007]
Both are problems caused by high indoor air pressure. Moreover, since each component is designed and manufactured on the premise of the highest indoor pressure, it is a big problem to bring about a dramatic increase in cost.
In this regard, in the case of a double membrane structure like the air membrane structure described in JP-A-5-18148 described above, it is not necessary to pressurize indoors, but the membrane roof of the double membrane structure Since it works like a beam, its rigidity is low and the membrane roof is so large that the effective space in the room is limited.
[0008]
The object of the present invention is to adopt the advantage of the double air membrane structure without impairing the light weight and flexibility which are the advantages of the single air membrane structure (membrane roof), and increase the indoor pressure (normal pressure). It is to improve so that the rigidity and stability of the membrane roof can be maintained.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a means for solving the above-mentioned problem, a half-duplex air membrane structure according to the invention described in claim 1 is:
In an air membrane structure having a structure in which a membrane roof is formed using a membrane material, and the indoor air pressure enclosed by the membrane roof and the outer wall is increased to make the membrane roof in a tension state and resists load and external force.
The membrane roof is composed of an upper cable and a lower cable whose ends are supported by a compression ring installed at the upper part of the outer wall, and a reinforcing cable composed of a connecting cable that vertically connects intermediate portions of these upper and lower cables. A double membrane structure with an outer membrane in contact with the outside air on the upper surface side of the upper cable and an indoor inner membrane on the lower surface side of the lower cable, or an upper chord cable and lower chord supported at the end by a compression ring A cable truss composed of a material cable, a connecting cable that vertically connects the upper and lower cables, and a brace cable that obliquely connects the connection points, or a brace cable between the upper chord material cable and the lower chord material cable Upper surface side of upper chord material cable in cable truss configured to be connected in a zigzag triangular shape vertically In the configuration of a double membrane in which the inner membrane on the lower surface of the lower chord material cable is attached to the outer membrane in contact with the outside air, the shape restraint and stability of the expanded state of each membrane material are maintained, and An air chamber independent of the interior is formed between the outer membrane and the inner membrane,
As a means for setting or adjusting the air pressure of the membrane roof air chamber and the indoor in common or individually, a discharge pipe of a blower is branched and connected to the air chamber of the membrane roof in the middle and the air volume at the branch point A damper as a control device is installed, or a damper as an air volume control device is installed in the communication hole between the indoor and the air chamber of the membrane roof, and the discharge pipe of the blower is connected only to the air chamber of the membrane roof, or the membrane roof A discharge pipe of a dedicated blower is connected to each of the air chamber and the indoor space, and the operation to open or close the damper is performed to maintain the stability and rigidity of the membrane roof.
[0011]
The invention described in claim 2 is the half-duplex air membrane structure according to claim 1,
The air chamber and the indoor of the membrane roof are normally used to maintain the same pressure with the damper installed at the branch point of the communication hole or the discharge pipe of both of them at the neutral position, and to close the damper at the time of strong wind or snow Alternatively, the pressure of the air chamber of the membrane roof is increased by tilting to a position where most of the air flow is distributed toward the air chamber of the membrane roof.
[0012]
Embodiments and Examples of the Invention
In the present invention, the membrane roof 4 is formed using the membrane material 3 in the same manner as the conventional example of FIG. 8, and the air pressure in the indoor 6 surrounded by the membrane roof 4 and the outer wall 1 is increased to tension the membrane roof 4. Implemented on air film structures that are structured to resist state and none roof loads and external forces.
Specifically, as shown in the conceptual diagrams of FIGS. 1 and 2, the membrane roof 4 is formed of a double membrane of an outer membrane 3 a in contact with the outside air and an inner membrane 3 b on the indoor side, It is constructed on the upper compression ring 7. An air chamber 8 independent of the space of the indoor 6 is formed between the outer membrane 3a and the inner membrane 3b. The outer membrane 3a and the inner membrane 3b are connected to each other in the vertical direction by a plurality of connecting members 9 at the intermediate portion, so that the shape of each membrane material is constrained and its stability is maintained. Then, the air chamber 8 and the indoor 6 of the membrane roof 4 are normally kept at the same pressure by opening the communication hole 10 and the like as shown in FIG. When the wind is strong or when there is snow, etc., the communication hole 10 is blocked and the two are made independent as shown in FIG. 2, and only the air chamber 8 of the membrane roof 4 is pressurized until it resists an external force. Measures are taken to maintain vibration and rigidity and prevent shaking. Therefore, this half-duplex air membrane structure has stability and rigidity of the membrane roof 4 against external force even if the air pressure of the indoor 6 is considerably lower than the previous value (eg, 30 mm water column) (for example, about 20 mm water column). Can be kept enough.
[0013]
The membrane roof 4 is constructed roughly as shown in FIGS. In the embodiment of FIG. 3A, the reinforcing cable 2 supported at both ends by the compression ring 7 is composed of an upper cable 2a, a lower cable 2b, and a connecting cable 9 that connects these intermediate portions in the vertical direction. . The outer membrane 3a is attached to the upper surface side of the upper cable 2a, and the inner membrane 3b is attached to the lower surface side of the lower cable 2b using the connection points of the connecting cable 9, respectively.
[0014]
FIG. 3B is an embodiment basically using the reinforcing cable 2 as in FIG. 3A. However, a plurality of intermediate joints 11 are further connected to the intermediate portion of the arrangement pitch of each connecting cable 9, and the outer membrane 3a and the inner membrane 3b. The embodiment which heightened the effect of shape restraint is shown.
FIG. 3C shows an embodiment in which a cable truss 5 is used instead of the reinforcing cable. The cable truss 5 in FIG. 3C includes an upper chord material cable 5a, a lower chord material cable 5b, a connecting material 9 that connects them in the vertical direction, and a brace cable 5c that connects each connecting point of adjacent connecting materials 9 at an angle. Has been. An outer membrane 3a is attached to the upper surface side of the upper chord material cable 5a, and an inner membrane 3b is attached to the lower surface side of the lower chord material cable 5b using the connection points of the connecting material 9, respectively.
[0015]
FIG. 4 more specifically shows the configuration of the cable truss 5 of FIG. 3C and the details of the attachment structure of each membrane material. The upper chord members 5a and 5a and the lower chord members 5b and 5b are connected in a vertically symmetrical structure. That is, the pair of cable holders 12, 12 sandwiching the upper and lower sides of the cable 5 a in one direction are connected by the bolt 13 and the membrane mounting hardware 14 arranged in the vertical direction. An outer membrane 3 a or an inner membrane 3 b is attached to the joint portion between the bolt 13 and the membrane attachment metal 14 via a membrane presser 15 in a vertically symmetrical configuration. On the other hand, the upper and lower ends of the connecting material cable 9 are connected between the connecting material connecting portions 16 and 16 provided in the cable holder 12 having a relationship of being vertically opposed. Furthermore, the end portion of the brace cable 5c in each direction is also connected to the connecting material connecting portion 16.
[0016]
Next, FIG. 3D shows an embodiment in which the cable truss 5 is also used. The cable truss 5 does not use the connecting material 9 and the brace cable 5c is connected in a zigzag triangular shape between the upper and lower chords. Shows the configuration.
5 to 7 show different embodiments of means for setting or adjusting the air pressure of the air chamber 8 and the indoor 6 of the membrane roof 4 in common or individually.
[0017]
First, FIG. 5 is an example in which one blower 20 is used in common. The discharge pipe 21 of the blower 20 that takes in outdoor air through the suction pipe 22 is divided into an indoor pipe 21A and a roof air chamber pipe 21B. A damper 23 that serves as a switching and air flow control device is installed at the branch point. FIG. 5A shows a normal state, the damper 23 is in a neutral position, and the air blown from the blower 20 is equally distributed to the indoor 6 and the air chamber 8 on the roof, and both chambers are kept at the same air pressure. At this time, a normal air pressure of about 20 mm water column is sufficient. FIG. 5B shows a case where it is necessary to prevent vibration and improve stability by resisting an external force acting on the membrane roof 4 such as during strong winds or snow, and the damper 23 is tilted toward the roof air chamber pipe 21B. Most of the air blown by 20 is distributed to the air chamber 8 on the roof, and the air pressure of the air chamber 8 is inevitably increased to, for example, about 30 mm water column. On the other hand, air is blown to the indoor pipe 21A to compensate for air leakage, and the normal air pressure (for example, about 20 mm water column) is still maintained.
[0018]
Next, FIG. 6 is also an embodiment in which one blower 20 is used in common, but the discharge pipe 21 of the blower 20 that takes in outdoor air is connected only to the air chamber 8 of the membrane roof 4. On the other hand, a damper 23 as an air volume control device is installed in the communication hole 24 between the indoor 6 and the air chamber 8. 6A shows a normal state, the damper 23 of the communication hole 24 is in a neutral position, and the air blown by the blower 20 is once supplied to the air chamber 8, but is also distributed to the indoor 6 through the fully open communication hole 24. Are kept at the same air pressure. FIG. 5B shows a case where it is necessary to prevent vibration and improve stability by resisting an external force acting on the membrane roof 4 such as during strong winds or snow, and the damper 23 is positioned near the closed position. Most of the air is distributed to the air chamber 8 on the roof, and the air pressure of the air chamber 8 is inevitably increased to, for example, about 30 mm. On the other hand, through the slightly open communication hole 24, ventilation of an amount that compensates for leakage in the indoor 6 is performed, and the indoor 6 is still maintained at the normal air pressure level.
[0019]
Next, FIG. 7 shows an embodiment in which two fans 20A and 20B dedicated for indoor use and membrane roof use are used. Each of them takes in outdoor air, but the indoor blower 20A has a capability of achieving a normal pressure (for example, 20 mm water column), and its discharge pipe 21 is connected only to the indoor 6. Yes. The blower 20B for the membrane roof has such an ability that it resists external forces such as during snowfall and prevents the membrane roof from shaking, or achieves the necessary air pressure (eg, 30mm water column) to maintain the necessary rigidity and stability. The discharge pipe 21 is connected only to the air chamber 8 of the membrane roof 4. A damper 23 as an air volume control device is installed in the communication hole 24 between the indoor 6 and the air chamber 8. FIG. 7A shows a normal time. At this time, the damper 23 of the communication hole 24 is set to the neutral position, and only the indoor blower 20A is operated, and the air is supplied to the indoor 6 at one end, but also to the air chamber 8 of the membrane roof through the fully open communication hole 24. Distributed and both chambers are kept at the same air pressure. FIG. 7B shows a case where it is necessary to prevent vibration and improve stability by resisting an external force acting on the membrane roof 4 such as during strong wind or snow. The damper 23 is completely closed and the two fans 20A and 20B are closed. Are operated at the same time, and the air pressure of the air chamber 8 is increased to about 30 mm by the action of each blower, and the air pressure is compensated for air leakage into the indoor 6 to maintain the normal air pressure level.
[0020]
[Effects of the present invention]
According to the half-duplex air membrane structure of the present invention, the original features of the air membrane structure, that is, the light and flexibility, or the roof of the membrane in strong winds or snowfall without losing the indoor brightness. By adjusting only the air pressure of the air chamber 8, the air pressure of the indoor 6 is kept at a normal pressure of about 2/3 (about 20mm water column) and the membrane roof is rigid and stable enough to resist external force. You can keep the sex. Therefore, the ability of the air pressure device (fan) for applying the indoor pressure and the related air supply equipment can be considerably downgraded, and the initial cost and running cost required for them can be reduced. In addition, the management of the 24-hour system required to maintain the proper erection state of the membrane roof in response to heavy wind and snow loads is considerably eased, and the indoor pressure control for computer applications that respond to the management is greatly relaxed. The frequency is remarkably reduced, and the proportion of time for which control can be omitted becomes dominant, and the cost is reduced accordingly. Furthermore, it becomes possible to use fittings (doors, window sashes) with reduced airtightness necessary to maintain and manage indoor pressure, or use sanitary equipment with reduced pressure settings. Cost can be reduced. Since there is little degree to increase the indoor pressure during strong winds and snowfall, it is inevitably possible to provide an air film structure with less obstacles for people to enter and exit.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an elevation view conceptually showing a normal state of a half-duplex air membrane structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an elevation view conceptually showing a state of the half-duplex air membrane structure according to the present invention during strong winds, snowfall, and the like.
FIG. 3A is an elevation view conceptually showing the configuration of a reinforcing cable and the attachment structure of a membrane material, and B is an elevation view conceptually showing different examples of the configuration of the reinforcement cable and the attachment structure of the membrane material. Fig. C is an elevation view conceptually showing the structure of the cable truss and the attachment structure of the membrane material, and D is an elevation view conceptually showing different examples of the structure of the cable truss and the attachment structure of the membrane material. is there.
4 is an elevational view of the main part showing the structural details of FIG. 3C. FIG.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are elevational views conceptually showing means for adjusting the air pressure inside the membrane roof and the indoor air pressure in common or individually during normal times and during snowfall.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are elevational views conceptually showing different examples of means for adjusting the air pressure in the membrane roof and the indoor air pressure in common or individually during normal times and during snowfall.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are elevational views conceptually showing different examples of means for adjusting the air pressure in the membrane roof and the indoor air pressure in common or individually during normal times and during snowfall.
FIG. 8A is an elevation view conceptually showing a conventional air film structure, and B is a plan view.
[Explanation of symbols]
4 Membrane roof 1 Outer wall 6 Indoor 3a Outer membrane 3b Inner membrane 8 Air chamber 9 Connecting material 2 Reinforcing cable 2a Upper cable 2b Lower cable 5 Cable truss 5a Upper chord cable 5b Lower chord cable

Claims (2)

In an air membrane structure having a structure in which a membrane roof is formed using a membrane material, the indoor air pressure enclosed by the membrane roof and the outer wall is increased, the membrane roof is in a tension state, and the roof load and the external force are resisted.
The membrane roof is composed of an upper cable and a lower cable whose ends are supported by a compression ring installed at the upper part of the outer wall, and a reinforcing cable composed of a connecting cable that vertically connects intermediate portions of these upper and lower cables. A double membrane structure with an outer membrane in contact with the outside air on the upper surface side of the upper cable and an indoor inner membrane on the lower surface side of the lower cable, or an upper chord cable and lower chord supported at the end by a compression ring A cable truss composed of a material cable, a connecting cable that vertically connects the upper and lower cables, and a brace cable that obliquely connects the connection points, or a brace cable between the upper chord material cable and the lower chord material cable Upper surface side of upper chord material cable in cable truss configured to be connected in a zigzag triangular shape vertically In the configuration of a double membrane in which the inner membrane on the lower surface of the lower chord material cable is attached to the outer membrane in contact with the outside air, the shape restraint and stability of the expanded state of each membrane material are maintained, and An air chamber independent of the interior is formed between the outer membrane and the inner membrane,
As a means for setting or adjusting the air pressure of the membrane roof air chamber and the indoor in common or individually, a discharge pipe of a blower is branched and connected to the air chamber of the membrane roof in the middle and the air volume at the branch point A damper as a control device is installed, or a damper as an air volume control device is installed in the communication hole between the indoor and the air chamber of the membrane roof, and the discharge pipe of the blower is connected only to the air chamber of the membrane roof, or the membrane roof Half-duplex air, characterized in that a discharge pipe of a dedicated blower is connected to each of the air chamber and indoor, and the operation to open or close the damper is performed to maintain the stability and rigidity of the membrane roof Membrane structure. The air chamber and the indoor of the membrane roof are normally used to maintain the same pressure with the damper installed at the branch point of the communication hole or the discharge pipe of both of them at the neutral position, and to close the damper at the time of strong wind or snow The half-duplex air membrane structure according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the air chamber of the membrane roof is increased by tilting to a position where most of the air flow is distributed toward the air chamber of the membrane roof. .

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