JP2000324956A - Greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a greenhouse that is suitable for size enlargement without adverse effect on its light collection properties. SOLUTION: The ceiling and side faces are constituted with plastic film or glass by allowing the chords 11a, 12a, 13a, 14a on the outside of the plane truss that constructs the main skeleton 10 to support plastic film or glass as a covering material. In this greenhouse, the frontage of the greenhouse can be widened in the cultivation area without aid of supports between the ceiling and the ground and the ceiling of the house 1 can be heightened, since the main skeleton has a plane truss structure.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a greenhouse.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A coating facility for plant cultivation, a so-called greenhouse, is roughly classified into a glass room and a plastic house. In each case, a glass or vinyl film or a polyolefin-based plastic film is used as a covering material. A pipe material is generally used as the supporting aggregate.

[0003]

By the way, when the greenhouse is enlarged, the height of the ceiling becomes high, so that high-temperature stagnant air accumulates at a high position, so that the crop cultivated at a lower position cannot be used. On the other hand, it is possible to plant and grow plants in the east and west of the north-south wing, because the frontage (length of the wife's face) is widened, and the ventilation by opening the side windows. There is a merit that the effect is higher. However, when a pipe material is used as a main aggregate as described above, there is a problem that it is basically difficult to increase the size due to the strength of the pipe material.

[0004] In addition, as described above, a larger greenhouse is formed by arranging auxiliary pillars in an area where plants grow in a greenhouse while using pipe materials as main aggregates. I have. However, in this case, a large number of auxiliary columns are required, and even if the volume of the greenhouse becomes large, the auxiliary columns become a hindrance, and the actual cultivation area does not increase in proportion thereto. In addition, even if the greenhouse is large, it is possible to secure a frontage through which agricultural machines such as tractors can enter the greenhouse. It was difficult.

[0005] Further, in increasing the size of the greenhouse, an H-shaped steel having a large cross section is used as a main aggregate, and a pipe is used as an auxiliary material. The high H-shaped steel has a high material cost, and when it is disposed on the ceiling or the side, there is a drawback that shadows are formed and the daylighting property is poor.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and can be enlarged without using an H-section steel having a large cross section, without having a great adverse effect on daylighting. It is an object of the present invention to provide a greenhouse having a structure that hardly requires an auxiliary support that hinders the work due to the above, and can sufficiently exhibit the above-mentioned advantages when the size is increased.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventor has made intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has a relatively small diameter as a main aggregate for supporting the covering material and forming the ceiling and side portions. The present invention has been completed by paying attention to a truss structure capable of exhibiting higher strength than before, while using the rod material of the present invention.

[0008] That is, the greenhouse according to the present invention is provided at predetermined intervals in a direction along the side surface, and the main aggregate for supporting the covering material and forming the ceiling and the side surface is provided by a flat truss. It is characterized by having a structure.

The greenhouse according to the present invention described in claim 2 is claim 1.
The greenhouse according to claim 1, further comprising one end connected to the main aggregate of the planar truss structure, provided at predetermined intervals in a direction along the wife surface, and supporting the covering material to form the wife surface. It has a main aggregate, and the main aggregate for the wife has a flat truss structure.

[0010] The greenhouse of the present invention described in claim 3 is provided in claim 1.
Or the greenhouse according to 2, wherein a base of the main aggregate or the main aggregate for the wife is supported by an independent foundation.

[0011] The greenhouse according to the present invention described in claim 4 is characterized by claim 3.
The greenhouse according to the above, wherein the independent foundations are provided at predetermined intervals with respect to the main aggregate provided in a direction along a side portion or the main aggregate for a wife provided in a direction along a wife surface portion. It is characterized by the following.

[0012] The greenhouse according to the present invention described in claim 5 is provided in accordance with claim 4.
The greenhouse according to the above, near the base of the main aggregate or the main aggregate for the wife not supported by the independent foundation, by the auxiliary aggregate,
It is characterized in that it is connected to the vicinity of the base of the main aggregate or the main aggregate for the wife provided adjacently.

[0013] The greenhouse according to the present invention described in claim 6 is claim 3.
The greenhouse according to any one of Items 1 to 5, wherein the independent foundation is provided with a discharging means for discharging dew condensation generated in the greenhouse to the outside of the greenhouse.

[0014] The greenhouse according to the present invention described in claim 7 is based on claim 1.
7. The greenhouse according to any one of items 1 to 6, wherein a slide opening / closing skylight is provided on the ceiling.

[0015] The greenhouse according to the present invention described in claim 8 is the first embodiment.
7. The greenhouse according to any one of items 1 to 7, wherein an intake port is provided so as to be separable from a plant growing place, and circulating air inside the greenhouse and air outside the greenhouse are selectively supplied to the intake port. A heating mechanism having a possible switching means is provided.

The greenhouse according to the present invention described in claim 9 is the first embodiment.
The greenhouse according to any one of Items 1 to 8, wherein the greenhouse is a continuous-building type, and the inter-building support aggregate has a planar truss structure.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on embodiments shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a main aggregate 10 constituting a greenhouse 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. The main aggregate 10 is provided with ceiling forming portions 11 and 12 for forming a ceiling portion and both side portions by disposing a coating material (not shown) such as a plastic film on the upper surface. It is configured to have side surface forming portions 14 and 15.

In the present embodiment, the ceiling forming portions 11 and 12 have a mountain-like shape in which the central portion projects upward when viewed together, and the lengths of one ceiling forming portion 11 and the other ceiling forming portion 12 are equal. It is formed as a so-called double roof type. The vicinity of the center between the one ceiling forming portion 11 and the other ceiling forming portion 12 is connected by a connecting plate 13. Also, the side surface forming part 1
4 and 15 are provided so as to be connected to the ceiling forming portions 11 and 12 from the lower ends thereof and to be vertically suspended integrally therewith.

Each of the main aggregates 10 composed of the above-described ceiling forming portions 11 and 12 and the side surface forming portions 14 and 15 is formed in a planar truss structure. That is, each of the pair of chords 11a, 11b, 12a, 12b, 14 is formed of a bar and disposed on the outside and inside at a predetermined interval.
a, 14b, 15a, 15b and between the opposing chords 11a, 11b, between 12a, 12b,
It has orthogonal rods 11c, 12c, 14c, 15c arranged in a direction orthogonal to the space between 4a, 14b and 15a, 15b and at a predetermined interval in the length direction of the chord. . Also, diagonal members 11d, 12d, 14d, and 15 that are disposed obliquely along one diagonal line between adjacent orthogonal bars.
d, thereby constituting a planar truss. Although these chords, orthogonal rods and diagonal rods are composed of rods having a relatively small diameter, it is preferable to form pipes as much as possible from the viewpoint of weight reduction.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the main aggregate 10 formed in a truss structure having the above-mentioned ceiling forming portions 11 and 12 and side forming portions 14 and 15 has a side portion of the greenhouse 1. A plurality of them are arranged at predetermined intervals along (generally in the longitudinal direction). In this case, for reinforcement, the adjacent main aggregate 1
Between chords 0, 10 are the chords 11a, 12 outside the plane truss.
It is preferable to dispose the auxiliary pipe member 16 substantially in parallel with a, 14a, and 15a.

The base of the main aggregate 10, that is, the base of the side surface forming portions 14, 15 is supported by a foundation supported by the ground, respectively. As the foundation, a cloth foundation can be used, but from the viewpoint of cost, each main aggregate 1
Independent foundations 20 for each of the side face forming parts 14 and 15 constituting 0
It is preferred to be supported by This independent foundation 20
Is not limited, but as shown in FIG.
It is preferable that the upper surface 21 be formed in an inclined shape such that the height of the upper surface 21 decreases from a portion located inside the greenhouse 1 toward a portion located outside. Thereby, when the dew condensation generated on the inner surface of the coating material made of a plastic film, glass, or the like is transmitted through the coating material and drips inside the greenhouse 1, it passes through the gap between the lower end of the coating material and the upper surface 21. Flows along the inclination direction of the upper surface 21 and is discharged to the outside of the greenhouse 1. Upper surface 2 formed on this independent foundation 20
The inclination of 1 corresponds to a discharging unit for discharging dew condensation in the present embodiment. In addition, the above-described inclination of the upper surface 21 can be manufactured together with a mold when manufacturing the independent foundation 20. However, while the upper surface of the independent foundation 20 itself is formed horizontally, the horizontal It is good also as a structure which provides an inclined plate on the upper surface formed in this.

The means for discharging the condensation formed in the greenhouse 1 may be formed by a groove or a hole penetrating from the part of the independent foundation 20 located inside the greenhouse 1 to the part located outside. Can also.

The independent foundations 20 can be formed so as to correspond to all of the plurality of main aggregates 10 arranged along the side surface of the greenhouse 1.
Alternatively, it is also possible to limit the main aggregate 10 supported by the independent foundation 20, such as every third one. As a result, it is possible to reduce the basic manufacturing cost. However, as shown in FIG. 5, in order to maintain the strength, the main aggregate 10 supported by the adjacent independent foundation 20 and the main aggregate 10 not provided with the foundation are connected to each side forming portion. It is preferable to connect the auxiliary aggregates 22 near the bases 14 and 15.

Further, as shown in FIG. 6, in the present embodiment, the ceiling of the main aggregate 10 which is arranged closest to the wives surface among the ones arranged in the direction along the side surface of the greenhouse 1. One end is fixed to the forming portions 11 and 12 (only one of the ceiling forming portions 11 is shown in FIG. 6), and has a main wedge aggregate 30 having a curved portion 31 and a vertical portion 32. In the present embodiment, the main aggregate 30 for the wife is also formed in a flat truss structure, and one end of a chord material 31a arranged outside is arranged outside the ceiling forming portion 11 of the main aggregate 10. 11a
And one end of a chord material 31b arranged inside is connected to a chord material 11b arranged inside the ceiling forming portion 11 of the main aggregate 10. Further, the base of the main aggregate 30 for the wife, that is, the base of the vertical portion 32 is also an independent base 2 having the same configuration as described above.
0 supported. In addition, this independent foundation 20
It is the same as the above that a predetermined number may be provided instead of corresponding to all the main aggregates 30 for the wife. Also, in this case, it is preferable that the vicinity of the base of the adjacent wive main aggregate 30 be connected to each other by the auxiliary aggregate, similarly to the above.

In the present embodiment, the auxiliary pipe member 3 for increasing the strength between the adjacent main aggregates 30 for the wife is used.
3 are provided. The auxiliary pipe member 33 has a string member 1 whose one end is disposed outside the ceiling forming portion 11 of the main aggregate 10.
1a, and is disposed so as to be parallel to the outer chords 31a and 32a constituting the main aggregate 30 for the wife.

In the present embodiment, the main aggregate 3 for the wife
Since 0 is provided, when a covering material is laminated on the cover, the end surface is not a flat surface, but has a greenhouse shape that is curved outward and protrudes. An entrance (not shown) through which agricultural machines such as humans and tractors can enter and exit is formed on the wife surface, and the main aggregate 30 for the wife is provided so as to secure a portion forming the entrance. It is natural to do.

Here, reference numeral 41 shown in FIG. 3 denotes a reinforcing pipe which is provided so as to extend along the longitudinal direction of the greenhouse 1 so as to intersect with the main aggregate 10 and the auxiliary pipe 16 described above. Reference numeral 42 shown in FIG. 6 denotes a reinforcing pipe that is arranged so as to cross over the wife's face so as to intersect with the wife's main aggregate 30 and the auxiliary pipe material 33.

In the greenhouse 1 according to the present embodiment, the chord material 11 outside the flat truss constituting the main aggregate 10 is provided.
By supporting a plastic film or glass as a covering material on the a, 12a, 14a, 15a and the auxiliary pipe member 16, a ceiling portion and a side portion of the greenhouse 1 are formed. Further, the chord members 31a and 32a outside the plane truss constituting the main wedge aggregate 30 and the auxiliary pipe member 33 support a plastic film or glass as a covering material, thereby forming the wedge surface portion of the greenhouse 1. . In this case, according to the present embodiment, since the main aggregate 10 and the main aggregate 30 for the wife have a flat truss structure, in the cultivation area of the plant, the auxiliary prop is erected between the ceiling and the ground. Even without this, a greenhouse 1 having a large frontage (width of the greenhouse 1) and a high ceiling can be obtained. That is, the greenhouse 1 having a width of 2 to 4 houses of a normal size using a conventional pipe material and having a ceiling height higher than those ceiling heights can be obtained without using auxiliary columns. Therefore, since there is no auxiliary support, a substantial cultivation area is not wasted, and high temperature stagnant air can be prevented from coming into contact with the cultivated plant, so that a so-called high temperature obstacle is reduced. In addition, since the frontage is large, the entrance can be made large, and it is easy to carry in agricultural machines such as tractors, and since there is no auxiliary support in the cultivation area, it is easy to work with agricultural machines. Furthermore, because of the truss structure, the lighting is hardly interrupted as in the case of using a large-section H-shaped steel.

Further, since the frontage is large, the greenhouse can be arranged on the east-west ridge, and the plants can be arranged from north to south. In a normal north-south wing, the plants are arranged in the longitudinal direction, that is, in the north-south direction. In this case, even if a conventionally known film wind-up type ventilation window (side window) provided on the side of the greenhouse 1 is opened. However, the air that enters the inside may be blocked by the cultivation container or the cultivated plant and stay there. However, when plants are arranged in the north-south east and west, that is, along the width direction of the greenhouse 1, the fresh air flowing into the inside from the ventilation window provided on one side is arranged in the north-south. It is easy to escape to the other ventilation window through the work passage between adjacent plants, and is excellent in ventilation efficiency.

The chords 11a, 12a, 14a, 15a outside the plane truss constituting the main aggregate 10 and the chords 31a and 3 outside the plane truss constituting the main aggregate 30 for the wife.
2a can be formed from a pipe material as described above, but in this case, it is preferable to form a groove whose outer surface side is concave in cross section. When a plastic film is used as the covering material, after the plastic film is stretched, if the pressing member that fits into the groove is pressed from the surface of the plastic film, the plastic film can be easily fixed. it can. Normally, a plastic film stopper is provided separately from the main aggregate to fix the plastic film. However, if the structure of the main aggregate 10 is as described above, the stopper is not required. I'm done.
Further, by making the structure of more main aggregates 10 as described above, it is also possible to eliminate the need for a holding band for preventing the plastic film from fluttering.

In the greenhouse 1 according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, it is preferable to provide a skylight 50 on the ceiling of the greenhouse 1 in order to facilitate ventilation. The skylight 50 has one ceiling forming part 11 and the other ceiling forming part 1.
2 is provided near the connection plate 13. Specifically, an opening is provided so as not to dispose a covering material in a range extending over a predetermined length with the connection plate 13 near the center of the ceiling interposed therebetween.
Is formed in such a size that it can cover and is disposed. The skylight 50 has a substantially rectangular outer frame 51 large enough to cover the opening 60, and a first auxiliary frame member 5 bridged between frames facing the outer frame 51 in the width direction.
2a and a second auxiliary frame member 52b disposed orthogonal to the first auxiliary frame member 52a, and a plastic film or glass fixed to the outer frame 51 and the auxiliary frame members 52a, 52b. And the like.

The means for opening and closing the skylight 50 is not limited, but the present embodiment employs the following means. First, the means for opening and closing the skylight 50 for opening and closing one ceiling forming part 11 includes a hydraulic cylinder 53 having a piston 53a disposed along the longitudinal direction on the other ceiling forming part 12 side. Chord 12a of the other ceiling forming part 12 constituting one main aggregate 10
The first pulley 54a disposed on the
The second and third pulleys 54b arranged on both sides of the
54c, a fourth pulley 54d disposed on the chord material 11a of one ceiling forming portion 11, and one end of the piston 53
a, is wound around the first pulley 54a, and passes through the second and third pulleys 54b, 54c.
After being wound around the fourth pulley 54d, the direction is changed,
Again, it is further wound around the first pulley 54a via the second and third pulleys 54b and 54c, and the other end is closer to the tip of the piston 53a than the position of one end fixed to the piston 53a. And a wire 55 whose middle part is fixed to the outer frame 51 of the skylight 50 or any part of the auxiliary frame members 52a and 52b (the second auxiliary frame member 52b in the present embodiment). It is configured to have. The first pulley 54
a, the second pulley 54b and the third pulley 54c are reciprocatedly wound by the wire 55 being turned by the fourth pulley 54a, so that these pulleys include two pulleys on one shaft. Is used.

Therefore, in FIG. 8, when the piston 53a moves rightward, the wire 55 is pulled, the skylight 50 slides toward the connection plate 13, and the opening 60 is closed. When 53a moves to the left, the skylight 50 slides in the opening direction.

The means for opening and closing the skylight 50 for opening and closing the other ceiling forming portion 12 is the same as described above. The hydraulic cylinder 56 provided with the piston 56a provided on the one ceiling forming portion 11 side and the pulley The skylight 50 is opened and closed by having the piston 56a move left and right in FIG. 8.

The means for opening and closing the skylight 50 is not limited to the above means.
For example, the opening and closing operation can be performed by a winding device that winds and rewinds a wire connected to the skylight 50.

As the heating mechanism provided in the greenhouse 1, it is preferable to use the one having the structure shown in FIG.
The heating mechanism 70 is provided on the wife surface 5 opposite to the wife surface 4 of the greenhouse 1 in which the doorway is formed.
And a supply pipe 72 having a plurality of outlets connected to the heating device main body 71 and disposed in the greenhouse 1, and an outer wall member 73 surrounding the heating device main body 71.

The heating device main body 71 is disposed so that the intake port 71 a is separated from the plant growing place 1 a in the greenhouse 1 by the wife surface 5. On the other hand, an opening 5a is provided in a part of the wife surface 5, and the outer wall member 73 is provided.
An opening 73a is also provided at a position adjacent to the opening 5a of the wife surface 5 in FIG. Further, by rotating, the opening 5a of the end surface 5 and the opening 7 of the outer wall member 73 are formed.
A door member 74 for opening and closing the door 3a is provided.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9 (a), the door member 74 is rotated to open the opening 5a of the wife surface 5,
When the opening 73a of the outer wall member 73 is closed, the greenhouse 1
The internal circulating air enters the outer wall member 73, is sucked into the air inlet 71 a of the heating device main body 71, and is discharged again from the outlet of the supply pipe 72. Therefore, efficient heating with little heating loss can be performed. When it becomes necessary to ventilate the greenhouse 1, as shown in FIG. 9B, the door member 74 is rotated to open the opening 7 of the outer wall member 73.
3a is opened, and the opening 5a of the wife surface 5 is closed. As a result, external fresh air is sucked from the intake port 71a,
The greenhouse 1 is supplied through the supply pipe 72. Therefore, in such a state, the inside of the greenhouse 1 can be ventilated while being heated.

As is apparent from the above description, in the present embodiment, the opening 5a formed in the end surface 5, the opening 73a formed in the outer wall member 73, and the door member 74 for opening and closing these members are provided by the heating device. It functions as switching means capable of selectively supplying circulating air inside the greenhouse and air outside the greenhouse to the intake port 71a of the main body 71. In the above description,
Although only one door member 74 is provided, a door member may be provided in the opening 5a formed in the wife surface 5 and the opening 73a formed in the outer wall member 73 so that they can be opened and closed separately. Of course.

The greenhouse of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. In the above description, a so-called single-building type greenhouse is described as an example. However, as shown in FIG. 10, a multi-building type greenhouse can of course be used. In this case, the inter-building support aggregate 80 provided at the boundary of each building has a flat truss structure in the same manner as the main aggregate 10 and the main aggregate 30 for the wife, so that a large frontage is provided in the cultivation area. A greenhouse without auxiliary pillars can be provided. Also,
In each of the single-building type and the multi-building type, various mechanisms similar to those used from the conventional greenhouse inside the main aggregate 10,
For example, it goes without saying that a curtain member or the like for shielding light or keeping heat can be provided.

[0041]

The greenhouse of the present invention is provided at predetermined intervals in the direction along the side surface, and the main aggregate for supporting the covering material and forming the ceiling and the side surface is formed by a flat truss structure. I have. Therefore, a greenhouse having a large frontage and a high ceiling can be obtained without erection of an auxiliary support between the ceiling and the ground in the plant growing area. Moreover, since there is no auxiliary support, there is no waste in the substantial cultivation area, and it is possible to prevent hot stagnant air from coming into contact with the cultivated plants, so that so-called high-temperature damage can be reduced. In addition, since the frontage is large, the entrance can be made large, and it is easy to carry in agricultural machines such as tractors. In addition, since there is no auxiliary support in the cultivation area, work with the agricultural machines is easy. Furthermore, because of the truss structure, the lighting is hardly interrupted as in the case of using a large-section H-shaped steel.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a main aggregate of a greenhouse according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view showing a ceiling forming part constituting the main aggregate.

FIG. 3 is a view showing a side surface forming portion constituting the main aggregate.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an independent foundation for supporting a side surface forming portion constituting the main aggregate.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an installation mode of an independent foundation.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a wife's main aggregate.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement position of a skylight;

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a skylight;

FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining a heating mechanism.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration in the case of a continuous building type.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Greenhouse 10 Main aggregate 11 Ceiling formation part 12 Ceiling formation part 14 Side formation part 15 Side formation part 20 Independent foundation 30 Wife main aggregate 50 Skylight 70 Heating mechanism

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A greenhouse wherein a main aggregate provided at predetermined intervals in a direction along a side surface portion and supporting a covering material to form a ceiling portion and a side surface portion has a flat truss structure. 2. The greenhouse according to claim 1, further comprising:
One end is connected to the main aggregate of the planar truss structure, and is provided at predetermined intervals in a direction along the wife surface portion, and has a wife main aggregate for supporting the covering material and forming the wife surface portion, and A greenhouse, wherein the main aggregate has a flat truss structure. 3. The greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein a base of the main aggregate or the main aggregate for the wife is supported by an independent foundation. 4. The greenhouse according to claim 3, wherein the independent foundation is attached to the main aggregate provided in a direction along a side surface or the main aggregate for a wife provided in a direction along a wife surface. A greenhouse characterized by being provided at predetermined intervals. 5. The greenhouse according to claim 4, wherein a main aggregate provided adjacent to the base of the main aggregate or the main aggregate for the wife not supported by the independent foundation is provided by an auxiliary aggregate. A greenhouse, wherein the greenhouse is connected near the base of the timber or the main aggregate for the wife. 6. The greenhouse according to claim 3, wherein said independent foundation is provided with discharge means for discharging condensation generated in the greenhouse outside the greenhouse. . 7. The greenhouse according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a slide opening / closing skylight is provided on the ceiling. 8. The greenhouse according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein an air inlet is provided so as to be separable from a place where the plant grows. A greenhouse provided with a heating mechanism provided with a switching means capable of selectively supplying the air. 9. The greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein the greenhouse is of a continuous-building type, and the inter-building support aggregate has a planar truss structure.