JP3702060B2 - Heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus such as a heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion boiler for business use and industrial use, and a heavy oil gasification combined plant that gasifies after dehydrating water in the heavy oil emulsion fuel. About.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 5 shows the configuration of a conventional heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion boiler. In the boiler shown in FIG. 5, the heavy oil emulsion fuel 101 is directly supplied from the fuel tank 100 to the burner of the boiler body 10. Steam for spraying heavy oil emulsion fuel 101 is supplied to the burner, and the heavy oil emulsion fuel 101 is atomized to a particle size that is easy to burn. Thereafter, the fuel 101 is burned in the boiler body 10.
[0003]
On the other hand, another steam 8 is supplied into the boiler body 10 in order to blow off ash and the like adhering to the heat transfer tubes and the like in the boiler body 10. The exhaust gas 11 after combustion in the boiler body 10 is discharged from the chimney 50 to the atmosphere through the denitration device 20, the dust removal device 30 and the wet desulfurization device 40.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional technique, the heavy oil emulsion fuel 101 is supplied to the boiler body 10 at room temperature as described above. The heavy oil emulsion fuel 101 contains about 20% to 30% of water, which is the boiler body. The heat | fever for evaporating in 10 is required, and boiler efficiency falls.
[0005]
The present invention provides a heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus such as a boiler using heavy oil emulsion fuel, which prevents a decrease in combustion efficiency due to moisture in the fuel and prevents an increase in acid dew point due to moisture contained in the exhaust gas. It is an object to provide a quality oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus, the present invention heats and dehydrates the heavy oil emulsion fuel, and uses the dehydrated fuel as fuel for the combustion furnace. On the other hand, at least a part of the dehydrated water is sent to the moisture utilization system of the combustion apparatus, and is used as a substitute for moisture that has been conventionally supplied.
[0007]
The heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to the present invention includes an evaporator for heating and evaporating the heavy oil emulsion fuel to dehydrate, and the evaporator is heated by flowing the heavy oil emulsion fuel to be heated in the pipe. Separation of vaporized and dehydrated emulsion fuel from the evaporator portion having a bundle of tubes through which steam flows outside the tube, and the heavy oil emulsion fuel that is heated at the evaporator portion and heated by the evaporator portion It has a structure that is integrated with a water chamber structure for this purpose.
[0008]
In the combustion apparatus according to the present invention, the water utilization system of the combustion apparatus for feeding water dehydrated from the heavy oil emulsion fuel may be a burner atomizing steam system, a soot blower steam system, or a desulfurization apparatus cooling water system.
[0009]
Furthermore, in the heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to the present invention, water vapor and light flammable gas generated by heating the heavy oil emulsion fuel for dehydration is cooled and condensed to separate water and oil. It is preferable to take it out.
[0010]
In this case, the heavy oil emulsion fuel is dehydrated by heat exchange and cooling of the steam and light combustible gas generated when the heavy oil emulsion fuel is heated with the heavy oil emulsion fuel before heating. It is preferable to recover the heat that is heated.
[0011]
Further, in order to heat the heavy oil emulsion fuel for dehydration in the heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to the present invention, the steam extracted from the steam turbine or the steam converter generated steam can be used as a heat source.
[0012]
As described above, in the heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to the present invention, water in the heavy oil emulsion fuel is dehydrated, and only the fuel after dehydration is used as fuel for the combustion furnace, so that a large amount of water is supplied to the combustion furnace. It is possible to prevent a reduction in efficiency of the combustion furnace due to charging. In addition, since the dehydrated water is used as a substitute for the water that needs to be supplied from others, the efficiency of the entire combustion apparatus is improved.
[0013]
In addition, in conventional heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion equipment, the acid dew point of the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas is high due to a large amount of water input, and in the case of material corrosion or dust adhesion, accumulation, or severe cases due to condensation in the downstream equipment of the combustion furnace or piping Although the trouble of blockage occurred, in the heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus of the present invention, since the amount of water input to the combustion furnace is reduced by the above means, these troubles can be solved.
[0014]
Furthermore, in the heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to the present invention, heavy oil from which low-boiling components (water and some light oils) are separated by heating during dehydration is supplied to the burner of the combustion furnace. The vapor lock under the atomization temperature condition (around 200 ° C.) of the quality oil is eliminated, and stable combustion of the heavy oil in the combustion furnace is maintained.
[0015]
Heavy oil emulsion fuel is emulsified by mixing it with water (for example, 30%) at the source of heavy oil to improve transportability and handling of heavy oil that is a highly viscous fluid or solid at room temperature. It is not necessary to use it as a fuel for a combustion furnace as it is, and if it can be dehydrated and used again like the combustion device of the present invention, it is advantageous in terms of efficiency of the combustion device. Become.
[0016]
Further, in the heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to the present invention, the evaporator for heating and dehydrating and evaporating the heavy oil emulsion fuel has the heavy oil emulsion fuel to be heated flowing inside the pipe and the heating steam flowing outside the pipe. And a water chamber structure for separating vapor evaporated from dehydrated emulsion fuel from heavy oil emulsion fuel that is heated at the evaporator portion and that flows out of the heavy oil emulsion fuel. With a structure that integrates and , equipment and piping can be reduced, and installation space can be reduced.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. In the following embodiments, the same reference numerals are given to the same components as those of the conventional apparatus shown in FIG.
[0018]
The heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion boiler shown in FIG. 1 includes a boiler body 10, an exhaust gas treatment system denitration device 20, a dust removal device 30, a wet desulfurization device 40, a chimney 50, and the like, similar to the boiler shown in FIG. A heavy oil emulsion fuel moisture dehydration system is provided for a fuel supply system in a heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion boiler. Reference numeral 160 denotes a steam turbine facility.
[0019]
The dehydration system in the combustion boiler shown in FIG. 1 includes a heavy oil emulsion fuel tank 100, a heavy oil emulsion fuel heater 110, a moisture evaporator 120 in fuel, a fuel storage tank 130 after dehydration, an oil water separator 150, and the like. Consists of
[0020]
The fuel sent from the heavy oil emulsion fuel manufacturer is stored in the fuel tank 100. The heavy oil emulsion fuel 101 sent from the tank 100 via a pump (not shown) absorbs the latent heat and sensible heat of the steam 121 composed of water vapor and light oil combustible gas by a heavy oil emulsion fuel heater 110 described later. The temperature rises.
[0021]
The heavy oil emulsion fuel 102 that has exited the heater 110 is supplied to the moisture evaporator 120. As a heating source of the water evaporator 120, a part of reheat extraction steam of the high-pressure / medium-pressure steam turbine 161 of the steam turbine equipment 160 shown in FIG. 2 or steam sensible heat and latent heat of the steam converter 166 is used.
[0022]
A specific configuration of the steam turbine equipment is shown in FIG. The steam turbine equipment includes a high-pressure / medium-pressure steam turbine 161, a low-pressure steam turbine 162, a condenser 163, a feed water heater 164, a deaerator 165, a steam converter 166, and the like.
[0023]
Here, as steam for evaporating the water in the heavy oil emulsion fuel in the water evaporator 120 of the dehydration facility, the reheat extraction steam 167 of the high pressure / medium pressure turbine or the steam for the boiler soot blower 168 from the steam converter 166 is used. The water evaporator condensate 169 is returned to the deaerator 165 or the steam converter 166 again.
[0024]
A part of the reheat extraction steam 167 of the high pressure steam turbine is, for example, superheated steam at 260 ° C., and is returned to the deaerator 165 of the steam turbine system after leaving the moisture evaporator 120. The structure of the moisture evaporator 120 is shown in FIG.
The heavy oil emulsion fuel that has been supplied to the water evaporator 120 and has reached a high temperature is separated into a heavy oil component 122 and steam 121 composed of water vapor and light combustible gas in the water chamber 172 at the top of the evaporator.
[0025]
Conventionally, the water evaporator 120 has been every separate the gas-liquid separator 140 as shown in FIG. In this case, piping for sending the fuel 111 from moisture evaporator 120 to the gas-liquid separator 140, a pipe having a large diameter as the flow rate of evaporated water is not faster required, the gas-liquid separator 140 even steam 121 is heavy as not mixed into oil 122, also heavy oil 122 is needed a large gas-liquid separator 140 need internal diameter to slow the flow rate so as not to be entrained in the vapor 121.
[0026]
Shows a structure integrally water evaporator 120 and the gas-liquid separator 140 in FIG. The evaporator has a structure in which a tube plate A 173a and a tube plate B 173b to which a cylinder 170 and a tube bundle A 171a are fixed are integrated, and an inflow pipe 177 of reheat extraction steam 167 or boiler soot blower steam 168 is formed on the upper side surface of the cylinder 170. A discharge pipe 178 is connected to the lower side surface.
[0027]
A fuel chamber 174 is installed at the lower portion of the barrel 170, and an inflow pipe 179 for the heavy oil emulsion fuel 102 is connected thereto. In addition, a water chamber 172 is installed in the upper part, and a nozzle 175 from which the heavy oil component 122 flows out and a nozzle 176 from which the steam 121 flows out are installed on the side surface of the water chamber 172. A tube bundle B 171 b is installed inside the water chamber 172. The tube bundle B 171 b is structured to be fixed to the tube plate A 173 a with bolts or to be fastened together with the body 170 and the flange of the water chamber 172.
[0028]
The heavy oil emulsion fuel 102 is supplied from the inflow pipe 179 at the lower part of the fuel chamber 174, passes through the pipe bundle A171a, and is moved to the upper pipe bundle B171b. In the meantime, it is heated by the reheat extraction steam 167 or the boiler soot blower steam 168 flowing in from the side surface of the cylinder 170, and the water in the heavy oil emulsion fuel 102 evaporates.
[0029]
The steam 121 and the heavy oil component 122 flowing out from the upper part of the tube bundle B 171 b are separated in the water chamber 172 and serve as a gas-liquid separator. In this case, the inner diameter of the water chamber 172 is larger than that of the gas-liquid separator 140 that is normally provided separately so as to keep the flow rates of the steam 121 and the heavy oil component 122 inside the water chamber 172 low. Yes.
[0030]
The heavy oil component 122 separated at the upper part of the evaporator is decompressed to near atmospheric pressure by the flasher 147 and then temporarily stored in the fuel storage tank 130 and supplied as boiler fuel 131 to the burner port of the boiler body 10.
[0031]
Since this boiler fuel 131 supplied to the burner port of the boiler body 10 is a heavy oil from which low-boiling components (water and some light oils) are separated, it is used under heavy oil atomization temperature conditions (around 200 ° C.). This eliminates the vapor lock and maintains stable combustion of heavy oil in the boiler.
[0032]
The heavy oil component 122 loses its fluidity at room temperature when the vapor 121 composed of water vapor and light flammable gas evaporates. Therefore, the piping to the fuel storage tank 130 and the burner port must be heated to maintain fluidity. is there.
[0033]
A part of the evaporated steam 121 is used as steam 9 for atomizing a boiler burner. The other steam is recovered by the heater 110 in the latent heat and sensible heat of the steam, and the steam 121 becomes a liquid 141 mixed with water and light oil after being condensed.
[0034]
The atomizing steam 9 is indispensable for the boiler body 10, and as described above, if the moisture in the fuel is not used, it is necessary to supply it from the other, but the moisture in the fuel can supplement this. Moisture supplied from the other to the boiler body 10 can be reduced, and the efficiency of the boiler body 10 and the reliability of the downstream equipment can be improved.
[0035]
In order to effectively use the water and oil in the system, the oil / water separator 150 separates the water and oil into oil 151 and water 152. The oil 151 is used as fuel for the ignition torch of the boiler, and the water 152 is supplied from the desulfurizer 40. Used for cooling water 41.
[0036]
Further, like the steam for atomization, the cooling water for the denitration device is indispensable for the boiler body 10, and the amount of water used in the plant can be reduced by the present invention.
[0037]
In the present embodiment, the reheat extraction steam 167 of the steam turbine 160 is used as a heat source for dehydration of the heavy oil emulsion fuel. Therefore, a heat exchanger for generating steam by exhaust gas sensible heat in the boiler body 10 is provided. In addition to being unnecessary, the components can be simplified, and as a result, the operation and reliability of the system are improved. Furthermore, since the steam once used for the output of the steam turbine is used without using the sensible heat of the boiler exhaust gas, the plant efficiency can be improved.
[0038]
In addition, the liquid (or a part of steam) mixed with light oil that has exited the heater 110 can be recovered in the feed water heating line from the condenser 163 to the deaerator 165 of the steam turbine facility 160. desirable.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to the present invention, the heavy oil emulsion fuel is heated and dehydrated and then fed to the combustion furnace, and at least a part of the dehydrated water as described above is supplied. It is configured to be fed to the moisture utilization system of the combustion device, and according to this configuration, the moisture delivered to the heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion device can be greatly reduced, improving the efficiency of the combustion device and the downstream equipment Troubles such as dust adhesion, accumulation, and blockage accompanying the rise of acid dew point can be solved, and improvement in reliability can be achieved.
[0040]
Further, the evaporator for heating and dehydrating and evaporating heavy oil emulsion fuel in the combustion apparatus according to the present invention has an evaporator portion having a tube bundle in which the heavy oil emulsion fuel to be heated flows inside the pipe and the heated steam flows outside the pipe. When the structure obtained by integrating the water chamber structure for separating the emulsion fuel was dehydrated and vapor evaporated from the heavy oil emulsified fuel flowing out is heated in the evaporator portion have elongation upper end of the tube bundle By having it, equipment and piping can be reduced and the installation space can be reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is an explanatory diagram showing a system of the steam turbine in FIG. 1. FIG.
3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the structure of the evaporator in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a configuration of a conventional heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus using an evaporator and a gas-liquid separator.
FIG. 5 is a system diagram of a conventional heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion boiler.
[Explanation of symbols]
8 Steam 9 Steam for spraying 10 Boiler body 11 Exhaust gas 20 Denitration device 30 Dedusting device 40 Wet denitration device 41 Cooling water for desulfurization device 100 Fuel tank 101 Heavy oil emulsion fuel 102 Heavy oil emulsion fuel 110 Heavy oil emulsion fuel heating 111 Fuel 120 Water vaporizer 121 Steam consisting of water vapor and light oil combustible gas 122 Heavy oil content 130 Fuel storage tank 131 Boiler fuel 140 Gas-liquid separator 141 Liquid 147 mixed with water and light oil Flasher 150 Oil / water separator 151 Oil content 152 Moisture 160 Steam Turbine Equipment 161 High / Medium Pressure Steam Turbine 162 Low Pressure Steam Turbine 163 Condenser 164 Feed Water Heater 165 Deaerator 166 Steam Converter 167 Reheat Extraction Steam 168 Boiler Soot Blower Steam 169 Heavy Oil Emulsion Moisture evaporator condensate 170 in barrel fuel 170 barrel 171a tube bundle A
172 Water chamber 171b Tube bundle B
173a Tube sheet A
173b Tube sheet B
174 Fuel chamber 175 Nozzle 176 Nozzle 177 Inflow pipe 178 Outlet pipe 179 Inflow pipe

Claims (5)

A heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus configured to heat and dehydrate heavy oil emulsion fuel and then send it to a combustion furnace, and to supply at least part of the dehydrated water to a moisture utilization system of the combustion furnace In which a heavy oil emulsion fuel is heated, evaporated and dehydrated, and the evaporator has a tube bundle in which the heavy oil emulsion fuel to be heated flows in the pipe and the heated steam flows outside the pipe. and vessel portion was integrated and water chamber structure for separating the emulsion fuel was dehydrated and vapor evaporated from the heavy oil emulsion fuel is heated effluent at the top is the evaporator portion has grown of the tube bundle A heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus characterized by having a structure . 2. The heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the moisture utilization system is at least one of a burner atomizing steam system, a soot blower steam system, and a desulfurizer cooling water system. The heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein water vapor and light component combustible gas generated when the heavy oil emulsion fuel is heated are cooled and condensed to separate and take out water and oil components. . The heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion according to claim 3, wherein water vapor and light combustible gas generated when the heavy oil emulsion fuel is heated are heat-exchanged with the heavy oil emulsion fuel before heating and cooled. apparatus. The heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heavy oil emulsion fuel is heated by extraction steam of a steam turbine or steam generated by a steam converter.

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