JP3691808B2 - Silage preparation method using filamentous fungi - Google Patents

Silage preparation method using filamentous fungi Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3691808B2
JP3691808B2 JP2002145916A JP2002145916A JP3691808B2 JP 3691808 B2 JP3691808 B2 JP 3691808B2 JP 2002145916 A JP2002145916 A JP 2002145916A JP 2002145916 A JP2002145916 A JP 2002145916A JP 3691808 B2 JP3691808 B2 JP 3691808B2
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silage
prepared
residue
lactic acid
filamentous fungi
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JP2003333998A (en
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有二 小田
勝一 斎藤
宏昭 山内
元幸 森
秀俊 田中
俊治 三浦
亨 北村
明治 岡本
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Snow Brand Seed Co Ltd
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Snow Brand Seed Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、乳酸生成能の高い糸状菌で調製した麹を馬鈴薯澱粉抽出残渣(ポテトパルプ)、緑茶抽出残渣(緑茶粕)、ビートパルプ等と混合して発酵させたサイレージ調製方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ポテトパルプ、緑茶粕、ビートパルプなど食品製造副産物は大量に排出され、一部は飼料化あるいは肥料化されているが、廃棄処分されるものも少なくない。特に水分含量の高いものについては、排出量が多い為に腐敗しやすかったり、逆に乾燥等の処理をするとコスト高となってしまい利用が限られていた。
【0003】
そこで、ビール粕等では、いわゆるサイレージを調製して、家畜の飼料としてリサイクルされている。通常、サイレージは気密容器内等の嫌気的条件下で乳酸菌等の作用により発酵及び貯蔵が行われ、専用のスターター等も考案されている(特許第2050374号明細書)。しかしながら、澱粉の加工時に残渣として発生する澱粉抽出残渣等では、乳酸菌を添加しても乳酸発酵が促進されず、異臭を発したり家畜の嗜好性も良好とは言えない場合が少なくなかった。澱粉抽出残渣を乳酸生成糸状菌により発酵させるサイレージ及びサイレージ調製方法については、微好気的条件において発酵・貯蔵するか、一度好気的な発酵をした後に嫌気的条件下で貯蔵する方法等が考案されている。
【0004】
また、緑茶粕については乳酸菌スターターを用いたサイレージ化の検討が報告されているが、緑茶粕は乳酸緩衝能が高く、発酵に必要な糖含量も少ないことからセルラーゼ等の繊維分解酵素やブドウ糖等を併用しないと高い効果が得られない。
【0005】
また、サイレージ以外には、麹菌など糸状菌を利用した発酵飼料もあったが、もっぱら好気的発酵を促進して調製され、サイレージの様な乳酸生成の促進を主な目的とする発酵では無かった。更に、これらの発酵装置は一般的に高価なため、広く普及していない。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
乳酸生成糸状菌により発酵させるサイレージ及びサイレージ調製方法については、微好気的条件において発酵・貯蔵するか、一度好気的な発酵をした後に嫌気的条件下で貯蔵する方法に限られていた。一方、各種サイロ等を利用してサイレージ化する場合等、通常サイレージの調製・貯蔵は、発酵及び貯蔵とも嫌気的条件下で行われるのが一般的である。したがって、このような条件下での乳酸生成糸状菌によるサイレージ化の技術は示されていなかった。そのため、通常酪農家等が所有しているサイロを有効利用できる乳酸生成糸状菌によるサイレージ調製技術、すなわち嫌気条件下でも適応可能で、且つ簡便なサイレージ調製技術が求められている。
【0007】
本発明は糖や酵素製剤を併用することなく、サイロ等の嫌気的条件下においても、乳酸生成糸状菌を利用してポテトパルプや緑茶粕、ビートパルプまたはこれら残渣を主体とした混合飼料を発酵、貯蔵して簡単に得られる、嗜好性や保存性の高いサイレージ調製方法を提供するものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するために、乳酸生成能の高い糸状菌によって嫌気的な発酵をさせることが考えられる。しかしながら、糸状菌は、一般的に好気的条件下でのみ生育可能なため、少量の糸状菌を接種して嫌気的に発酵させることは極めて困難である。また、嫌気的な条件下で発酵中に乳酸生成糸状菌が増殖できなくても済むように大量に糸状菌を接種することも考えられるが、その分費用が高くつくことが予想される。そのために他の条件下で成功したような方法では、嫌気条件下での糸状菌によるサイレージ化はできなかった。そこで嫌気条件下における糸状菌の簡便かつ安価な利用方法について鋭意研究した結果、良好なサイレージの調製に成功した。すなわち、目的の糸状菌の接種量をなるべく少量ですむ様に、予め麹を調製し、これを発酵スターターとして食品加工副産物に混合した後サイロ等の中で一定期間嫌気的に発酵・貯蔵を行うことにより、サイレージの嗜好性や保存性を向上できることを発見し、本発明を完成させた。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明でいう糸状菌とは、菌体外の澱粉をグルコースにまで分解する能力や、セルロースやペクチン質等の繊維を分解する能力をもち、これら分解物を乳酸に変換する能力を備えた種であれば特に限定しない。特に好ましくは、乳酸生成能の高い糸状菌リゾプス・オリゼ(Rhizopus oryzae)である。
【0010】
馬鈴薯澱粉抽出残渣は、加熱殺菌された残渣、生の残渣とも、どちらでも用いることができる。また、緑茶粕は、日本産の緑茶粕が好ましいが、同様の製法または発酵特性であれば外国産の緑茶粕も使用できる。ビートパルプは、単体を利用する場合は生パルプかペレット等に加工された乾燥パルプの加水物が、また、水分含量が高い副原料と混合する場合は乾燥パルプのままでも使用できる。
【0011】
混合物の副原料は、配合飼料、または穀物、糟糠類、植物性の油粕、魚粕などの一般的な配合飼料の原料、オカラ、醸造残渣、茶抽出残渣等の食品加工副産物、乾牧草、飼料イネ、ワラ類等の粗飼料等、またはこれら飼料のサイレージ等の中から、いずれか一つ以上が好ましく、さらに好ましくは圧ぺんトウモロコシ、脱脂大豆、大豆タンパク、ポテトグルテン、オカラ、ビール粕、麦茶粕、麦藁、スーダングラス、ポテトパルプ、緑茶粕、ビートパルプのいずれか一つ以上を選べば良い。これら以外の飼料でも、乳酸生成糸状菌の活性を損なうような成分が含まれず、発酵特性に特段支障が無ければ使用できる。
【0012】
例えば、果汁の搾汁残渣等の極めて酸性化されやすいか、もともと酸性の副原料を用いた場合には、糸状菌を加えない場合と比較して効果が見え難い場合もあるが、糸状菌を加えた場合も極めて良好な品質のサイレージが得られる。
副原料の配合割合は飼料の調製や給与等の作業性、栄養バランスの面等から、澱粉抽出残渣と副原料となる飼料とが、前者1に対して後者が4以下の重量比で発酵特性、栄養成分、作業性、開封後の保存安定性等を勘案して適応できるが、好ましくは前者1に対して後者が2以下の重量比である。また、概ね混合物全体の水分含量が50%以上、好ましくは水分60〜70%となることを目安とすれば良い。
【0013】
麹の原料は、オカラ、小麦フスマ、米、ポテトパルプ等で調製すると良好な結果が得られるが、通常使用される米、麦、大豆等の穀類及び、そのフスマやヌカなどの他、オカラ、澱粉抽出残渣等の食品副産物、及びこれら複数の素材を混合した物等の一般的に麹の原料として使用される物を任意に選択して使用できる。
【0014】
調製方法としては、通常の製麹方法と同様に、水分含量が少ない材料の場合には必要に応じて加水した後、一定時間蒸したり加圧滅菌した後、乳酸生成糸状菌を胞子懸濁液や菌糸体等の通常行われる適当な形態で、原料1gあたり10〜10個程度を接種すれば良い。その後、品温や湿度は糸状菌の生育適温の範囲に保ち、数日〜10日間前後、麹室や無菌的な容器内で時々攪拌しながら発酵させれば良い。温度は15〜35℃の範囲で、湿度等は結露が発生せず、麹の原料表面が乾燥しない範囲に管理すると良いが、これら以外の条件であっても、菌糸の生育が良好で細菌等の汚染を防止できれば良い。
【0015】
また混合方法としては、サイレージの原料とする副産物の重量に対して0.1%から10%程度の重量にあたる麹を加え、なるべく均一かつ柔和に行うと良く、大規模に調製する場合は混合飼料用のミキサー等を使用できる。
発酵・貯蔵の容器は、通常サイロとして使用されるものであれば特に限定されず、適当な気密性と強度を備えていればサイロ以外の容器等も使用できる。
原料をサイロに詰め込んで密封し、7日〜1ヶ月間程度の発酵をさせた後、飼料として給与できる。開封しなければ、1ヶ月〜1年間程度の貯蔵も可能である。
発酵温度は通常常温下で問題ないが、発酵初期においては望ましくは20℃〜30℃である。上記以外の条件でも、麹の量、貯蔵温度、貯蔵期間等、他の条件を勘案して適当な組み合わせにより良好なサイレージを調製することができる。
【0016】
【実施例1】
乳酸生成能の高い糸状菌リゾプス・オリゼ(Rhizopus oryzae)IFO−4707株をポテトデキストロース寒天培地上で27℃、3日間培養後、発生する胞子を白金耳でかき取り、滅菌水に懸濁した。胞子数はトーマ血球盤で計測し、1mlあたり10個になるようにした。
小麦フスマ15gに水9mlを加水した後、300mlの三角フラスコ内に移してシリコン製の栓で密封し、121℃・15分間高圧滅菌した。これに、上記の通り調整した胞子懸濁液を0.24ml接種して均一に混合後、27℃の孵卵器内で48時間静置培養した。一度無菌的に攪拌した後、更に24時間27℃の孵卵器内で培養して、十分に成育した菌糸体により表面が被覆された麹を調製した。糸状菌の生菌数は1gあたり、約10個であった。
【0017】
この麹6gを、105℃・15分間高圧滅菌しておいたポテトパルプ300gと混合した後、厚さ0.03mmのポリエチレン袋及びガスバリアー製の高いパウチ袋(旭化成ポリフレックス株式会社製、商品名:飛竜)に入れて25℃で3日間貯蔵した(表1の試験例1、2)。また、比較対象として麹を混合しない滅菌パルプを同じポリエチレン袋、及びパウチ袋に詰めて同様に貯蔵した(表1の比較例1、2)。
表1にこれら発酵物のpHを示す。pHは発酵物50gに150mlの蒸留水を混和・抽出後、pHはガラス電極法で定量した。
試験例1及び2は、比較例1及び2と比較して、ポテトパルプのpHが明らかに低下し、水準も酪酸菌や大腸菌群等の悪玉菌を抑制するために十分なものであった。すなわち、微好気条件及び嫌気的条件のいずれにおいても、乳酸生成糸状菌で調製した麹をスターターとして用いることにより、良好なサイレージが得られたことがわかる。
【0018】
【表1】

Figure 0003691808
【0019】
【表2】
Figure 0003691808
【0020】
【実施例2】
実施例1と同様に調製した麹を生のポテトパルプ300gに対して6g混合した(表2の試験例3)。また、比較対照として、無添加の生パルプ(表2の比較例3)、市販のサイレージ用乳酸菌スターター(雪印種苗株式会社製:商品名スノーラクトL)をパルプ1gあたりの乳酸菌数が10個となるよう接種した生パルプ(表2の比較例4)、実施例1と同様に調製した懸濁液を胞子数がパルプ1gあたり10個になるように接種した生パルプ(表2の比較例5)も、それぞれ300gずつ調製した。これらを実施例1と同じパウチ袋に入れて25℃で7日間貯蔵した。表2に発酵物のpHを示す。試験例3は比較例3〜5と比較して、pHが良好に低下し、表面に雑菌の汚染も無く、甘酸臭が認められる良質サイレージが得られた。すなわち、微好気条件等では効果が認められた胞子の接種では、嫌気条件で実施された本実施例では、無添加や乳酸菌接種と同様に効果が認められなかった。一方、麹をスターターとして使用することにより、嫌気条件下の生パルプの発酵においても良好なサイレージが得られた。
【0021】
【実施例3】
リゾプス・オリゼ(Rhizopus oryzae)を用いて、それぞれ麦フスマと米は加水してから滅菌、オカラとポテトパルプはそのまま滅菌し、実施例1と同様に麹を調製した。生のポテトパルプ300gに対して各6g混合した(表3の試験例4〜7)。また、比較対照として、無添加の生パルプ300g(表3の比較例6)を準備し、これらを実施例1と同じパウチ袋に入れて25℃で11日間貯蔵した。表3に発酵物のpHを示す。試験例4〜7は比較例6と比較して、pHが良好に低下し、汚染も無く甘酸臭が認められる良質サイレージが得られた。すなわち、各種材料で製麹したスターターにより、良好なサイレージが得られた。
【0022】
【表3】
Figure 0003691808
【0023】
【実施例4】
生のポテトパルプと各種副原料としてオカラ(50%)、ビール粕(20%)を用いて、総重量に対する配合割合が括弧の値になるよう混合した。
このポテトパルプを主体とした混合物300gに対して実施例1と同様に調製した麹6gを混合した(表4の試験例8〜9)。また、比較対照として、無添加の混合物300g(表4の比較例7〜8)を準備し、これらを実施例1と同じパウチ袋に入れて25℃で3〜7日間貯蔵した。表4〜5に発酵物のpHを示す。試験例8〜9はそれぞれ対応する比較例7〜8と比較して、pHが良好に低下し良質なサイレージが得られた。
【0024】
【表4】
Figure 0003691808
【0025】
【表5】
Figure 0003691808
【0026】
【実施例5】
緑茶粕単体、及びポテトパルプと緑茶粕を同じ重量で混合した物を各300gに対して実施例1と同様に調製した麹6gを混合した(表5の試験例10〜11)。また、比較対照として、無添加の緑茶粕単体、及びポテトパルプとの混合物各300g(表5の比較例9〜10)を準備し、これらを実施例1と同じパウチ袋に入れて25℃で5日間貯蔵した。表5に発酵物のpHを示す。試験例9〜10はそれぞれ対応する比較例9〜10と比べて、pHが良好に低下し良質なサイレージが得られた。
【0027】
【表6】
Figure 0003691808
【0028】
【表7】
Figure 0003691808
【0029】
【実施例6】
麦茶粕単体、及びポテトパルプに麦茶粕(40%、70%、80%)を副原料として用いて総重量に対する配合割合が括弧の値になるよう混合した。これら各300gに対して実施例1と同様に調製した麹6gを混合した(表6の試験例12〜15)。また、比較対照として、無添加の麦茶粕単体、及びポテトパルプと麦茶粕の混合物300g(表6の比較例11〜14)を準備し、これらを実施例1と同じパウチ袋に入れて25℃で5日間貯蔵した。
表6〜7に発酵物のpHを示す。麦茶粕単体の試験例12は、比較例11と比べてpHの低下に大差無かった。一方、ポテトパルプとの混合物のサイレージである試験例13〜15はそれぞれ対応する比較例12〜14と比べて、pHが良好に低下し良質なサイレージが得られた。
【0030】
【表8】
Figure 0003691808
【0031】
【表9】
Figure 0003691808
【0032】
【実施例7】
生のポテトパルプと各種副原料として大豆タンパク(3.3%)、ポテトグルテン(2.6%)、スーダングラス乾草(12.5%)、圧ぺんトウモロコシ及び加熱大豆紛の混合物(総量33%、圧ぺんトウモロコシ4に対し対し加熱大豆紛1の重量比)、麦桿(12.5%)、を用いて、総重量にする配合割合が括弧の値になるよう混合した。このポテトパルプを主体とした混合物300gに対して実施例1と同様に調製した麹6gを混合した(表8〜10の試験例16〜20)。また、比較対照として、無添加の混合物300g(表8〜10の比較例15〜19)を準備し、これらを実施例1と同じパウチ袋に入れて25℃で5日間貯蔵した。
表8〜10に発酵物のpHを示す。試験例16〜20はそれぞれ対応する比較例15〜19と比較して、pHが良好に低下し良質なサイレージが得られた。
【0033】
【表10】
Figure 0003691808
【0034】
【表11】
Figure 0003691808
【0035】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明の糸状菌を使ったサイレージ及びその調製方法によれば、乳酸生成能の高い糸状菌により調製した麹を馬鈴薯澱粉抽出残渣(ポテトパルプ)、緑茶抽出残渣(緑茶粕)、ビートパルプ等と混合して発酵スターターとし、サイロのような嫌気条件下で一定期間発酵・貯蔵を行ってサイレージを調製するので、嫌気条件下において糸状菌の簡便かつ安価な利用が図られ、良好なサイレージの調製を行うことができる。また、目的の糸状菌の接種量をなるべく少量にして予め麹を調製し、これを発酵スターターとして食品加工副産物に混合した後、サイロ等の中で一定期間嫌気的に発酵・貯蔵を行うことによって、サイレージの嗜好性や保存性を向上させることができる。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明の糸状菌を使ったサイレージ調製方法によれば、乳酸生成能の高い糸状菌で調製した麹を馬鈴薯澱粉抽出残渣(ポテトパルプ)、緑茶抽出残渣(緑茶粕)、ビートパルプ等と混合して発酵させてサイレージを調製するので、嫌気条件下において糸状菌の簡便かつ安価な利用が図られ、良好なサイレージの調製を行うことができる。また、目的の糸状菌の接種量をなるべく少量にして予め麹を調製し、これを発酵スターターとして食品加工副産物に混合した後、サイロ等の中で一定期間嫌気的に発酵・貯蔵を行うことによって、サイレージの嗜好性や保存性を向上させることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a silage preparation method in which a koji prepared with a filamentous fungus having a high lactic acid-producing ability is mixed with potato starch extraction residue (potato pulp), green tea extraction residue (green tea koji), beet pulp and the like and fermented. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
By-products such as potato pulp, green tea bowls, and beet pulp are discharged in large quantities, and some are made into feed or fertilizer, but many are discarded. In particular, those having a high water content are prone to spoilage due to a large amount of discharge, and conversely drying and other treatments increase the cost and limit their use.
[0003]
Therefore, in beer lees, so-called silage is prepared and recycled as livestock feed. Usually, silage is fermented and stored by the action of lactic acid bacteria under anaerobic conditions such as in an airtight container, and a dedicated starter has been devised (Japanese Patent No. 2050374). However, in starch extraction residues and the like that are generated as a residue during starch processing, lactic acid fermentation is not promoted even when lactic acid bacteria are added, and there are many cases where it cannot be said that it produces a strange odor or has a good domestic taste. For silage fermenting starch extraction residue with lactic acid-producing filamentous fungi and silage preparation method, fermenting and storing under slightly aerobic conditions, or after aerobic fermentation and storing under anaerobic conditions, etc. It has been devised.
[0004]
In addition, studies on silage making using lactic acid bacteria starter have been reported for green tea bowls, but green tea bowl has high lactic acid buffering capacity and low sugar content necessary for fermentation, so cellulase and other fiber-degrading enzymes, glucose etc. If it is not used together, a high effect cannot be obtained.
[0005]
In addition to silage, there were fermented feeds that used filamentous fungi such as koji molds, but they were prepared exclusively by promoting aerobic fermentation and were not fermented mainly for the purpose of promoting lactic acid production like silage. It was. Furthermore, these fermentation apparatuses are generally not expensive because they are generally expensive.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The silage fermented by lactic acid-producing filamentous fungi and the silage preparation method are limited to the method of fermenting and storing under microaerobic conditions, or storing under anaerobic conditions after aerobic fermentation once. On the other hand, when silage is produced using various silos or the like, the silage is generally prepared and stored under anaerobic conditions for both fermentation and storage. Therefore, the silageation technique using lactic acid-producing filamentous fungi under such conditions has not been shown. Therefore, there is a need for a silage preparation technique using a lactic acid-producing filamentous fungus that can effectively use silos usually owned by dairy farmers, that is, a simple silage preparation technique that can be applied even under anaerobic conditions.
[0007]
The present invention ferments a mixed feed mainly composed of potato pulp, green tea cake, beet pulp, or these residues using lactic acid-producing filamentous fungi, even under anaerobic conditions such as silos, without using sugar or enzyme preparations together. The present invention provides a silage preparation method that can be easily obtained by storage and has high palatability and preservation.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, it is conceivable to perform anaerobic fermentation with a filamentous fungus having a high lactic acid-producing ability. However, since filamentous fungi can generally grow only under aerobic conditions, it is very difficult to inoculate a small amount of filamentous fungi and ferment anaerobically. In addition, it is conceivable to inoculate a large amount of filamentous fungi so that the lactic acid-producing filamentous fungi need not grow during fermentation under anaerobic conditions, but the cost is expected to increase accordingly. Therefore, silage formation by filamentous fungi under anaerobic conditions could not be achieved by methods that were successful under other conditions. Therefore, as a result of intensive studies on simple and inexpensive methods for using filamentous fungi under anaerobic conditions, we succeeded in preparing good silage. In other words, prepare the koji in advance so that the target inoculation amount of the fungus is as small as possible, mix this with a food processing by-product as a fermentation starter, and then anaerobically ferment and store in a silo for a certain period of time. As a result, it was found that the palatability and storage stability of silage can be improved, and the present invention has been completed.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The filamentous fungus referred to in the present invention is a species having the ability to decompose starch outside the cell to glucose, the ability to decompose fibers such as cellulose and pectic substances, and the ability to convert these decomposed products into lactic acid. If it is, it will not specifically limit. Particularly preferred is a filamentous fungus Rhizopus oryzae having a high ability to produce lactic acid.
[0010]
As the potato starch extraction residue, either a heat-sterilized residue or a raw residue can be used. The green tea bowl is preferably a Japanese green tea bowl, but a foreign green tea bowl can be used as long as it has the same production method or fermentation characteristics. Beet pulp can be used as a raw pulp or dried pulp hydrolyzed into pellets when used alone, or as a dried pulp when mixed with an auxiliary material having a high water content.
[0011]
The raw materials of the mixture are mixed feed, or general mixed feed materials such as cereals, potatoes, vegetable oil cakes, fish cakes, food processing by-products such as okara, brewing residue, tea extraction residue, hay, feed Any one or more of rough feeds such as rice and straw, or silage of these feeds is preferred, and more preferably pressed corn, defatted soybean, soy protein, potato gluten, okara, beer lees, barley tea lees , Wheat straw, Sudangrass, potato pulp, green tea bowl, or beet pulp. Feeds other than these can be used as long as they do not contain a component that impairs the activity of lactic acid-producing filamentous fungi and have no particular hindrance to fermentation characteristics.
[0012]
For example, if juice residues are extremely acidified, such as fruit juice juice residues, or if originally used as an acidic auxiliary material, the effect may be difficult to see compared to when no filamentous fungi are added. When added, silage with extremely good quality can be obtained.
The blending ratio of the auxiliary ingredients is that the starch extraction residue and the feed as an auxiliary ingredient are fermented at a weight ratio of 4 or less with respect to the former 1 in terms of workability such as feed preparation and feeding, and nutritional balance. It can be applied in consideration of nutritional components, workability, storage stability after opening, etc., but the weight ratio of the latter to the former 1 is preferably 2 or less. In addition, the water content of the mixture as a whole may be 50% or more, preferably 60 to 70%.
[0013]
The raw material of koji can be obtained with okara, wheat bran, rice, potato pulp, etc., but good results are obtained, but other commonly used cereals such as rice, wheat, soybean, etc. A food by-product such as starch extraction residue, and a product generally used as a raw material for koji, such as a mixture of these materials, can be arbitrarily selected and used.
[0014]
As a preparation method, in the case of a material having a low water content, after adding water as necessary, after steaming or autoclaving for a certain period of time, a lactic acid-producing filamentous fungus is suspended in a spore suspension. It is sufficient to inoculate about 10 3 to 10 7 per 1 g of the raw material in an appropriate form usually used such as or mycelium. Thereafter, the product temperature and humidity may be maintained within a suitable temperature range for filamentous fungi and fermented with occasional stirring in a kitchen or aseptic container for several days to 10 days. The temperature is in the range of 15 to 35 ° C., and the humidity and the like should be controlled so that condensation does not occur and the surface of the raw material of the straw is not dried. It is only necessary to prevent contamination.
[0015]
In addition, as a mixing method, it is preferable to add 0.1% to 10% of the weight of the by-product used as the silage raw material, and to make it as uniform and gentle as possible. Can be used.
The vessel for fermentation and storage is not particularly limited as long as it is normally used as a silo, and a vessel other than a silo can be used as long as it has appropriate airtightness and strength.
The raw material is packed in a silo, sealed, fermented for about 7 days to 1 month, and then fed as feed. If it is not opened, it can be stored for about one month to one year.
The fermentation temperature is usually no problem at ordinary temperature, but is desirably 20 ° C. to 30 ° C. in the early stage of fermentation. Even under conditions other than the above, good silage can be prepared by an appropriate combination in consideration of other conditions such as the amount of soot, storage temperature, storage period and the like.
[0016]
[Example 1]
After culturing Rhizopus oryzae strain IFO-4707 having a high ability to produce lactic acid on a potato dextrose agar medium at 27 ° C. for 3 days, spores generated were scraped with a platinum loop and suspended in sterile water. The spore count was measured with a toma hemocytometer so that the number was 10 7 per ml.
After adding 9 ml of water to 15 g of wheat bran, it was transferred into a 300 ml Erlenmeyer flask, sealed with a silicone stopper, and autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 15 minutes. To this, 0.24 ml of the spore suspension prepared as described above was inoculated and mixed uniformly, followed by stationary culture in a 27 ° C. incubator for 48 hours. After aseptically stirring once, the cells were further cultured for 24 hours in an incubator at 27 ° C. to prepare cocoons whose surfaces were covered with fully grown mycelium. Viable cell count of filamentous fungi per 1g, was about 10 5.
[0017]
After mixing 6g of this potato with 300g of potato pulp that had been autoclaved at 105 ° C for 15 minutes, a 0.03mm thick polyethylene bag and a high gas barrier pouch (made by Asahi Kasei Polyflex Co., Ltd., trade name) : Hiryu) and stored at 25 ° C. for 3 days (Test Examples 1 and 2 in Table 1). Moreover, the sterilized pulp which does not mix a cocoon as a comparison object was packed in the same polyethylene bag and the pouch bag, and stored similarly (Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in Table 1).
Table 1 shows the pH of these fermented products. The pH was quantified by a glass electrode method after mixing and extracting 150 ml of distilled water in 50 g of the fermented product.
In Test Examples 1 and 2, compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the pH of the potato pulp was clearly reduced, and the level was sufficient to suppress bad bacteria such as butyric acid bacteria and coliforms. That is, it can be seen that good silage was obtained by using the koji prepared with lactic acid-producing filamentous fungi as a starter under both microaerobic and anaerobic conditions.
[0018]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003691808
[0019]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003691808
[0020]
[Example 2]
6 g of koji prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 was mixed with 300 g of raw potato pulp (Test Example 3 in Table 2). In addition, as a comparative control, an additive-free raw pulp (Comparative Example 3 in Table 2), a commercially available silage lactic acid bacterium starter (manufactured by Snow Brand Seedling Co., Ltd .: trade name Snolacto L) has 10 5 lactic acid bacteria per gram of pulp. and so as inoculated raw pulp (Comparative example in Table 2 4), comparison of example 1 raw pulp was inoculated with suspension prepared in the same manner as the number of spores is 10 5 per pulp 1g and (Table 2 Example 5) was also prepared in an amount of 300 g each. These were placed in the same pouch bag as in Example 1 and stored at 25 ° C. for 7 days. Table 2 shows the pH of the fermented product. In Test Example 3, as compared with Comparative Examples 3 to 5, a good quality silage was obtained in which the pH was lowered satisfactorily, there was no contamination with germs on the surface, and a sweet acid odor was observed. That is, in the inoculation of spores, which was effective under microaerobic conditions, etc., in this example, which was performed under anaerobic conditions, no effect was observed as in the case of no addition or inoculation with lactic acid bacteria. On the other hand, by using koji as a starter, good silage was obtained even in fermentation of raw pulp under anaerobic conditions.
[0021]
[Example 3]
Using Rhizopus oryzae, wheat bran and rice were hydrated and then sterilized, and okara and potato pulp were sterilized as they were, and koji was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. 6 g of each was mixed with 300 g of raw potato pulp (Test Examples 4 to 7 in Table 3). In addition, as a comparative control, 300 g of additive-free raw pulp (Comparative Example 6 in Table 3) was prepared, and these were put in the same pouch bag as in Example 1 and stored at 25 ° C. for 11 days. Table 3 shows the pH of the fermented product. As compared with Comparative Example 6, Test Examples 4 to 7 had good pH silage, good quality silage with no contamination and a sweet acid odor. That is, good silage was obtained with a starter made of various materials.
[0022]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003691808
[0023]
[Example 4]
Using raw potato pulp and Okara (50%) and beer lees (20%) as various auxiliary materials, mixing was performed so that the blending ratio with respect to the total weight was a value in parentheses.
6 g of koji prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 was mixed with 300 g of the mixture mainly composed of potato pulp (Test Examples 8 to 9 in Table 4). Moreover, 300 g of additive-free mixtures (Comparative Examples 7 to 8 in Table 4) were prepared as comparative controls, and these were put in the same pouch bag as in Example 1 and stored at 25 ° C. for 3 to 7 days. Tables 4 to 5 show the pH of the fermented product. In Test Examples 8 to 9, compared with the corresponding Comparative Examples 7 to 8, the pH was lowered satisfactorily and good quality silage was obtained.
[0024]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003691808
[0025]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003691808
[0026]
[Example 5]
A green tea cake simple substance, and 6 g of rice cake prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 were mixed with 300 g of a mixture of potato pulp and green tea cake with the same weight (Test Examples 10 to 11 in Table 5). In addition, as a comparative control, 300 g each of a mixture of green tea bowl with no additive and potato pulp (Comparative Examples 9 to 10 in Table 5) was prepared, and these were put in the same pouch bag as in Example 1 at 25 ° C. Stored for 5 days. Table 5 shows the pH of the fermented product. In Test Examples 9 to 10, compared with the corresponding Comparative Examples 9 to 10, the pH was lowered well and good quality silage was obtained.
[0027]
[Table 6]
Figure 0003691808
[0028]
[Table 7]
Figure 0003691808
[0029]
[Example 6]
Barley tea bowl alone and potato pulp were mixed with barley tea bowl (40%, 70%, 80%) as an auxiliary material so that the blending ratio with respect to the total weight was a value in parentheses. 6 g of candy prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 was mixed with 300 g of each (Test Examples 12 to 15 in Table 6). In addition, as a comparative control, an additive-free barley tea bowl alone and a mixture of potato pulp and barley tea bowl 300 g (Comparative Examples 11 to 14 in Table 6) were prepared, and these were put in the same pouch bag as in Example 1 at 25 ° C. And stored for 5 days.
Tables 6 to 7 show the pH of the fermented product. The test example 12 of the barley tea bowl alone was not much different in pH reduction compared to the comparative example 11. On the other hand, Test Examples 13 to 15, which are silages of a mixture with potato pulp, had a lower pH and better quality silage than the corresponding Comparative Examples 12 to 14, respectively.
[0030]
[Table 8]
Figure 0003691808
[0031]
[Table 9]
Figure 0003691808
[0032]
[Example 7]
A mixture of raw potato pulp and soy protein (3.3%), potato gluten (2.6%), Sudangrass hay (12.5%), pressed corn and heated soybean powder (total amount 33%) The weight ratio of the heated soybean powder 1 to the pressed corn 4) and wheat straw (12.5%) were mixed so that the blending ratio of the total weight would be the value in parentheses. 6 g of koji prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 was mixed with 300 g of the mixture mainly composed of potato pulp (Test Examples 16 to 20 in Tables 8 to 10). In addition, as a comparative control, 300 g of an additive-free mixture (Comparative Examples 15 to 19 in Tables 8 to 10) was prepared, and these were put in the same pouch bag as in Example 1 and stored at 25 ° C. for 5 days.
Tables 8 to 10 show the pH of the fermented product. In Test Examples 16 to 20, compared with the corresponding Comparative Examples 15 to 19, the pH was lowered satisfactorily and good quality silage was obtained.
[0033]
[Table 10]
Figure 0003691808
[0034]
[Table 11]
Figure 0003691808
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
According to silage and its preparation method using filamentous fungi of the present invention as described above, koji prepared by high lactic acid producing ability fungi potato starch extraction residue (potato pulp), green tea extraction residue (tea dregs) , Because it is mixed with beet pulp etc. to make a fermentation starter and fermented and stored for a certain period under anaerobic conditions such as silos to prepare silage, simple and inexpensive utilization of filamentous fungi is achieved under anaerobic conditions, A good silage can be prepared. Also, by preparing the koji in advance with the target inoculum of the filamentous fungus as small as possible and mixing it with a food processing by-product as a fermentation starter, anaerobically fermenting and storing for a certain period in a silo etc. Silage preference and storage can be improved.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the silage preparation method using the filamentous fungus of the present invention, potato starch residue (potato pulp), green tea extract residue (green tea cake), beetroot prepared with filamentous fungi having high lactic acid-producing ability is used. Since silage is prepared by mixing with pulp or the like and fermenting, the fungus can be used easily and inexpensively under anaerobic conditions, and good silage can be prepared. Also, by preparing the koji in advance with the target inoculum of the filamentous fungus as small as possible and mixing it with a food processing by-product as a fermentation starter, anaerobically fermenting and storing for a certain period in a silo etc. Silage preference and storage can be improved.

Claims (4)

馬鈴薯澱粉抽出残渣、緑茶抽出残渣、ビートパルプのうち、いずれか1種に、または前記いずれか1種と副原料となる飼料とが前者1に対して後者が4以下の重量比で、且つ水分含量が50%以上となる混合物に、乳酸生成能の高い糸状菌で調製された麹を発酵スターターとして混合した後、サイロのような嫌気条件下で一定期間発酵・貯蔵を行い嗜好性や保存性を向上させることを特徴とする糸状菌を使ったサイレージ調製方法。Among the potato starch extraction residue, green tea extraction residue, and beet pulp, the weight of the latter is 4 or less with respect to the former 1 and the latter is 4 or less in weight ratio with respect to the former 1. After mixing cocoons prepared with filamentous fungi with high lactic acid-producing ability into a mixture with a content of 50% or more as a fermentation starter, it is fermented and stored for a certain period under anaerobic conditions such as silos. Silage preparation method using filamentous fungi characterized by improving 前記乳酸生成能の高い糸状菌が、リゾプス・オリゼであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の糸状菌を使ったサイレージ調製方法。The silage preparation method using the filamentous fungus according to claim 1, wherein the filamentous fungus having a high lactic acid-producing ability is Rhizopus oryzae. 前記混合物の副原料が、配合飼料または配合飼料原料、醸造残渣、茶類抽出残渣、ワラ類、乾牧草またはこれを原料に調製されたサイレージ、圧ぺんトウモロコシ、脱脂大豆、大豆タンパク、ポテトグルテン、オカラ、ビール粕、麦茶粕、麦藁、スーダングラス、馬鈴薯澱粉抽出残渣、緑茶抽出残渣、ビートパルプのうちいずれか一つ以上であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の糸状菌を使ったサイレージ調製方法。Secondary ingredients of the mixture are mixed feed or mixed feed raw material, brewing residue, tea extraction residue, straw, hay or silage prepared from this raw material, pressed corn, defatted soybean, soy protein, potato gluten, The filamentous fungus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fungus is any one or more of Okara, beer lees, barley tea lees, wheat straw, Sudangrass, potato starch extract residue, green tea extract residue and beet pulp. Silage preparation method. 前記麹が、米、小麦フスマ、オカラ、馬鈴薯澱粉抽出残渣を原料に調製されたことを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の糸状菌を使ったサイレージ調製方法。The silage preparation method using the filamentous fungus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the koji is prepared from rice, wheat bran, okara, potato starch extraction residue.
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