JP3686094B2 - Method and apparatus for adjusting spark ignition engine torque during gearshift operation - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for adjusting the torque of an internal combustion engine with an air metering device, i.e. a spark ignition engine (Otto engine), during a gearshift operation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Engine torque at the automatic transmission input (inlet side) to obtain the same torque continuously at the transmission output (outlet side) before the gear shift operation start time T_A, during the gear shift operation and after the end of the gear shift operation at time T_E The characteristics are shown in FIG. Assume that the engine torque is set such that the driver of the vehicle operates the accelerator pedal before time T_A, thereby accelerating the vehicle. In that case, when the rotational speed increases and reaches a predetermined rotational speed, the gear shift condition detector performs a gear shift (gear switching) from a third gear to a fourth gear, for example, to a higher gear (gear). Detect what should be. Thereafter, the detector outputs a signal for starting the gear shift operation. This time corresponds to time T_A.
[0003]
In the case of FIG. 3 (a), the transmission is first reduced in engine torque, reaches a predetermined engine torque by a predetermined time T_Konst, remains constant until time T_AUF, from which the torque is increased again. In particular, it is assumed that it is configured to be increased to a new value larger than the previous value before the gear shift operation. The increase ratio corresponds to the reciprocal of the speed ratio at two different speed stages.
[0004]
Normally, the torque change is performed by changing the air supply (filling amount), that is, by adjusting the air metering device. In the following, it is assumed that the air metering device is a throttle valve. However, it is also possible to adjust the air by, for example, variable control of the intake valve, or to use a bypass device that can adjust the change in supply air during the gear shift operation. Normally, it is impossible to change the supply air as quickly as necessary to realize the torque characteristics set for the gear shift operation.
[0005]
Therefore, in order to achieve the desired torque characteristics as accurately as possible, not only the supply air but also the ignition angle must be changed. However, this causes the problem described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 schematically shows the torque characteristics of the engine according to the ignition angle when the rotational speed is constant. As is apparent from the figure, the maximum torque is obtained in the case of a predetermined ignition angle ZW_OPT, and this torque decreases to a substantially parabolic shape when the ignition angle increases or decreases. Normally, the output and the fuel consumption are optimized at the ignition angle ZW_OPT, and therefore, the ignition angle is preferably adjusted to this ignition angle. However, this means that the torque can only be reduced by changing the ignition angle, and the torque cannot be increased.
[0006]
3 (b) and 3 (c), the air supply and ignition angles during the gear shift operation are changed in the prior art, thereby adapting the target value curve shown in FIG. 3 (a) as accurately as possible. A method for obtaining the actual value curve shown in FIG. It can be seen that the actual torque is maintained at the target torque until time T_AUF, which is obtained before time T_A and thus at the start of the gear shift operation. On the other hand, the ignition angle is changed between time T_A and T_KONST so that the actual engine torque matches the decreasing target engine torque. The ignition angle is kept constant between time T_KONST and time T_AUF. From time T_AUF, the air supply is increased and the changed ignition angle is returned by time T_E. By reversing this ignition angle change, the actual engine torque is increased more rapidly than was possible with only a change in charge. However, the deviation between the actual engine torque and the target engine torque remains relatively large as usual.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for adjusting the spark ignition engine torque during a gearshift operation that can maintain the actual engine torque as close as possible to the target engine torque during the entire gearshift process. is there.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, in the method of the present invention,
It is detected whether the gear shift operation by the automatic transmission is performed,
If no gear shift operation is detected, a target engine torque (M_SOLL_M) for non-gear shift operation is set, and the air metering device is adjusted based on that value,
Further, when the gear shift operation is detected, the characteristics of the gear shift operation time target engine torque is set, in which case such a decrease in error Njintoruku during gearshift operation is obtained, the ignition angle (ZW) is adjusted,
In a method for adjusting the torque of an internal combustion engine (13) (spark ignition engine) comprising an air metering device (18) having each step,
In order to ensure that the engine torque increases faster than is possible during the gearshift operation due to increased air charge, it is processed as follows:
Before the time point (T_AUF) at which the target engine torque should be increased (time point T_VOR), the charge is already increased and at the same time the ignition angle is as follows: Adjusted to maintain the target torque compensated by the torque reduction caused by the adjustment, and
Supply is further increased from the point (T_AUF) the target torque is increased, and the actual ignition angle change as the characteristics of the engine torque is substantially matched with the characteristics of targets engine torque is adopted a structure that is returned.
[0009]
Furthermore, the device of the present invention
A gear shift condition detector (16) for starting a gear shift operation;
Devices (10.1, 14.1) for adjusting the charge and ignition angle during non-gearshift operation;
And a device for adjusting between air supply and the ignition angle of the gear shift operation (10.2,14.2), the apparatus adjusts the ignition angle, which afforded decreased et Njintoruku during gear shift operation Configured to be
In an apparatus for adjusting the torque of an internal combustion engine (13) (spark ignition engine) provided with an air metering device (18),
The device (10.2, 14.2) for adjusting the charge and ignition angle during the gearshift operation is already supplied in the next step, ie before the time point (T_AUF) where the target engine torque is to be increased (time point T_VOR). And at the same time the ignition angle is adjusted so that the torque increase caused by the increase in charge is compensated by the torque reduction caused by adjusting the ignition angle and the target torque is maintained. ,And,
From the time the target torque is increased (T_AUF) is the air supply is further increased, and characteristics of the actual engine torque ignition angle change to closely parallel the characteristics of targets engine torque is returned,
It is characterized by being configured to perform the steps.
[0010]
[Action]
In the method of the present invention, the increase in the supply air is started before the time T_AUF, specifically, from the time T_VOR that has been advanced. However, in order to keep the actual engine torque substantially constant from time T_AUF according to the demand, the ignition angle is changed during the period from time T_VOR to T_AUF, and the engine torque that is thereby reduced is caused by the increase in charge. Just to compensate for the increase in. By this method, the change in the ignition angle with respect to the ignition angle ZW_OPT becomes large at the time T_AUF. This change can be quickly reversed so that the actual engine torque can be rapidly increased as required by the target engine torque characteristics. Due to the large range of change in the ignition angle and the quick response characteristic of the engine torque to the change in the ignition angle, the actual engine torque and the target engine torque are substantially matched during the entire gear shift process in many gear shift operations. It becomes possible to make it.
[0011]
In principle, it is also possible to increase the supply air from the time point T_A and change the ignition angle so as to obtain the target engine torque characteristic accordingly. However, it is desirable to drive the engine at the optimum ignition angle for as long as possible. This means that the time T_VOR should be as much as possible before the time T_AUF. The length of the period between time points T_VOR and T_AUF is selected as follows. That is, an increase in charge is made during this period, which is selected to provide an increase in engine torque that compensates for the decrease in engine torque caused by making a necessary or possible change in ignition angle.
[0012]
The apparatus of the present invention includes an apparatus that realizes the above-described processing flow. These devices are actually implemented by a suitably programmed microprocessor.
[0013]
【Example】
The present invention will be described below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings.
[0014]
The block diagram shown in FIG. 2 can be considered both as a functional diagram and a device diagram of the method. In the above, the concept of “system” is used as an integrated concept of “method and apparatus”. Therefore, FIG. 2 shows the method of the present invention and the device of the present invention.
[0015]
As a device, the block diagram shown in FIG. 2 shows a device 10.1 for setting engine torque for non-gear shift operation and a device 10.2 for setting engine torque for gear shift operation. Sample / hold (S / H) circuit 11, throttle valve angle map 12, engine 13, ignition angle map 14.1, ignition angle change map 14.2 for changing the ignition angle during gear shift operation, ignition angle adder 15, A gear shift condition detector 16 and a switching device 17 that is actuated by the gear shift condition detector 16 are shown. The switching device includes a torque changeover switch 17.1, an ignition angle changeover switch 17.2, and a switching relay 17.3. I have. The engine 13 includes a throttle valve 18, a combustion chamber 19, an ignition angle adjusting device 20, and a data measuring device 21 including a rotation speed sensor 21.1 and an engine temperature sensor 21.2.
[0016]
A method implemented by this apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 is based on the same characteristic of the target engine torque in the case of FIG. That is, FIG. 1 (a) and FIG. 3 (a) coincide with each other. Accordingly, the time points T_A, T_KONST, T_AUF, and T_A are the same in both figures.
[0017]
If the accelerator pedal angle FPW is increased at a time not shown in FIG. 1 in order for the driver of the vehicle to accelerate the vehicle, this value FPW is not only a value with respect to the engine speed n, the engine temperature θ_MOT, and the values related to the function of the device. Supplied to a device 10.1 for setting engine torque during gearshift operation. First, a desired driving torque in the wheel is set by the accelerator pedal angle. In order to actually obtain this drive torque, the engine is particularly sensitive to which equipment is turned on (eg air conditioner) and which friction force must be overcome according to temperature (eg viscous at low temperatures) Torque related to the lubricant must be generated. The device 10.1 described above belongs to a master device that takes into account a number of different factors important for adjusting the engine torque, which outputs a main target engine torque M_SOLL_M.
[0018]
The main ignition angle ZW_M is read from the ignition angle map 14.1 based on the operating parameters, that is, the actual values of the throttle valve angle α and the rotational speed n.
[0019]
The gear shift condition detector 16 outputs a signal to the switching relay 17.3. The switching device 17 is switched by the signal, and the main target engine torque and the main ignition angle are used for the non-gear shift operation described above in order to adjust the engine 13. In addition to the device 10.1 for setting the engine torque, the ignition angle map 14.1 and the gear shift condition detector 16, the engine control device 22 having the above-described devices is processed. The target engine torque after the first switching device 17.1 is indicated by M_SOLL inside the engine control device 22, while the ignition angle after the second switching device 17.2 and the ignition angle adder 15 is It is indicated by ZW. These target values that are actually used by the engine controller 22 are output to the outside for supply to the various main units, but are not shown.
[0020]
The throttle valve angle α is determined by using the target engine torque M_SOLL and the current value of the rotation speed n from the throttle valve angle map 12. This map usually has a predetermined dynamic function (function). An engine charge model can also be used in addition to or in addition to the map. This kind of means for controlling the engine itself is known and will therefore not be described in detail here.
[0021]
At time T_A, when the number of revolutions at which the gear shift condition detector 16 detects that a gear change (gear shift) should be performed is reached, the gear shift condition detector controls the automatic transmission (not shown) accordingly. Then, by switching the switching device 17 and driving the device 10.2 for setting the torque during the gear shift operation and the ignition angle change map 14.2 for changing the ignition angle between the gear shift operations, (b) and (b) of FIG. The torque characteristics shown in c) and (d) are obtained. Further, at the time T_A, the value of the main target engine torque M_SOLL_M is detected by the sample / hold device 11 and output as the previous torque M_ALT. This previous torque is held until the time T_VOR determined as described above by the device 10.2 for setting the torque during the gear shift operation. On the other hand, the main ignition angle ZW_M from the output signal of the ignition angle change map 14.2 is corrected by the ignition angle change value ΔZW in the ignition angle adder 15, and the torque based on the ignition angle as shown in FIG. To be reduced. Thereby, the actual torque is reduced equally. This is because the air supply remains unchanged.
[0022]
Between the time points T_KONST and T_VOR, the supply air and the ignition angle are maintained. Thereafter, at time T_vor, the supply air begins to increase, and at the same time, the ignition angle starts to change so that the actual engine torque is maintained constant despite the increase in the supply air. The final torque to be reached is based on the previous torque M_ALT, the previous gear stage gear ratio (gear ratio) r_ALT and the new gear stage gear ratio r_NEU by means of the device 10.2 for setting the engine torque during gearshift operation. It is determined. When shifting up, the gear ratio of the previous gear is greater than that of the new gear, so the new target engine torque M_NEU is greater than the previous torque according to the equation M_NEU = M_ALT (r_ALT / r_NEU).
[0023]
Normally, to reach this new engine torque when the driving torque at the wheel is continuously constant, it is necessary to change the engine torque rapidly, but this change can only be achieved by changing the charge I can't. Therefore, in the known method, the throttle valve is fully opened at time T_AUF. In the method of the present invention, the same is done at time T_VOR. In that case, the charge increases relatively significantly, but the actual engine torque is held constant until time T_AUF. This is because the corresponding ignition angle change ΔZW is read from the ignition angle change map 14.2 and is used to adjust the ignition angle ZW so that the torque decrease based on the ignition angle cancels the torque increase based on the supply air Because.
[0024]
When the time point T_AUF is reached, the ignition angle change is continuously returned. Specifically, the actual engine torque is increased by the torque increase based on the supply air and the torque increase based on the ignition angle, and the engine torque is returned at a change speed that can achieve the target characteristic of the engine torque. Since the ignition angle change ΔZW reaches the value zero at the time T_NULL before the time T_E, the remaining torque increase is only brought about by further increasing the charge. From this point in time T_NULL, the actual engine torque is slightly lower than the target engine torque in the curve shown in FIG.
[0025]
The time point T_VOR can be determined from various viewpoints within the gear shift operation between the time points T_A and T_E. As already explained, this time point is preferably shifted in the direction of time point T_AUF as much as possible, specifically in the case of individual gear shift operations, in accordance with the actual operating conditions taking into account the above-mentioned factors. However, it is also possible to determine the earliest required time T_VOR and always use it.
[0026]
In the case of FIGS. 1B, 1C, and 1D, it is assumed that the ignition angle is changed to a value that may lead to an ignition error if the ignition angle changes further. Therefore, the full range of possible ignition angle adjustments is utilized. However, this adjustment width is not sufficient for the actual engine torque to follow the sudden increase in the target engine torque in the illustrated example. However, it is also possible not to use the full possible range of ignition angle change according to the transmission, in particular the gear position and the driving conditions. In that case, it is possible to move the time point T_VOR in the slow direction or to maintain it. In that case, it is necessary that the engine torque based on charge is not increased too rapidly until time T_AUF, or may still be increased at the maximum possible speed, but it is up to the following value, ie time T_AUF It is necessary to achieve a value that can compensate for the torque change based on the change in the ignition angle required to make the actual engine torque characteristic coincide with the target engine torque characteristic during the period between T and NULL.
[0027]
In the embodiment described above, the engine torque is controlled without feedback. However, it is also possible to control the engine torque in a closed loop, which is preferably done on the basis of the torque according to the standardized charge based on the target ignition angle. The corresponding method and apparatus are described in detail in the parallel patent application.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, the charge is already increased before the time when the target engine torque is to be increased, and at the same time, the torque increase caused by the increase in the charge is adjusted to adjust the ignition angle. is compensated by the torque reduction caused by the maintenance target torque, also, from the time when the target torque is increased supply is further increased, and the actual characteristics of the engine torque is substantially matched with the characteristics of targets engine torque Thus, it is possible to control the actual engine torque to substantially the target engine torque during the entire gear shift operation.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIGS. 1A to 1D are diagrams showing torque characteristics in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the apparatus or function of a system for adjusting the spark ignition engine torque during gearshift operation.
FIGS. 3A to 3D are diagrams showing conventional torque characteristics. FIGS.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the engine torque with respect to the ignition angle when the engine speed is constant.
[Explanation of symbols]
10.1 Torque setting device for non-gear shift operation 10.2 Torque setting device for gear shift operation 12 Throttle valve angle map 13 Engine 14.1 Ignition angle map 14.2 Ignition angle change map 16 for gear shift operation Gear shift condition detector 17 Switching device 18 Throttle valve 19 Combustion chamber 20 Ignition angle adjusting device 21 Data measuring device 22 Engine control device

Claims (2)

It is detected whether the gear shift operation by the automatic transmission is performed,
If no gear shift operation is detected, a target engine torque (M_SOLL_M) for non-gear shift operation is set, and the air metering device is adjusted based on that value,
Further, when the gear shift operation is detected, the characteristics of the gear shift operation time target engine torque is set, in which case such a decrease in error Njintoruku during gearshift operation is obtained, the ignition angle (ZW) is adjusted,
In a method for adjusting the torque of an internal combustion engine (13) (spark ignition engine) comprising an air metering device (18) having each step,
In order to ensure that the engine torque increases faster than is possible during the gearshift operation due to increased air charge, it is processed as follows:
Before the time point (T_AUF) at which the target engine torque should be increased (time point T_VOR), the charge is already increased and at the same time the ignition angle is as follows: Adjusted to be compensated by the torque reduction caused by the adjustment and to maintain the target torque, and
From the time the target torque is increased (T_AUF) is the air supply is further increased, and gearshift characteristics of the actual engine torque, characterized in that the ignition angle change is returned to closely parallel the characteristics of targets engine torque A method of adjusting the spark ignition engine torque during operation. A gear shift condition detector (16) for starting a gear shift operation;
Devices (10.1, 14.1) for adjusting the charge and ignition angle during non-gearshift operation;
And a device for adjusting between air supply and the ignition angle of the gear shift operation (10.2,14.2), the apparatus adjusts the ignition angle, which afforded decreased et Njintoruku during gear shift operation Configured to be
In an apparatus for adjusting the torque of an internal combustion engine (13) (spark ignition engine) provided with an air metering device (18),
The device (10.2, 14.2) for adjusting the charge and ignition angle during the gearshift operation is already supplied in the next step, ie before the time point (T_AUF) where the target engine torque is to be increased (time point T_VOR). And at the same time the ignition angle is adjusted so that the torque increase caused by the increase in charge is compensated by the torque reduction caused by adjusting the ignition angle and the target torque is maintained. ,And,
From the time the target torque is increased (T_AUF) is the air supply is further increased, and characteristics of the actual engine torque ignition angle change to closely parallel the characteristics of targets engine torque is returned,
An apparatus for adjusting spark ignition engine torque during a gearshift operation, wherein the apparatus is configured to perform the steps.

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