JP3685781B2 - Melting equipment for molten cast iron for ductile castings - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates set for melting the ductile foundry molten cast Bei, details, and accommodating the cast iron melt ladle, it is moved without lifting by a crane or the like, dissolved molten cast in a melting furnace ( the present invention is relates Bei set to melting ductile foundry molten cast iron from referred) to as "Motoyu".
[0002]
[Prior art]
Ductile casts such as ductile cast iron pipes have the same tensile strength as steel materials, and their mechanical test values such as elongation and toughness are more than ten times that of ordinary cast iron, and have excellent corrosion resistance equivalent to that of ordinary cast iron. Therefore, it is widely used in various piping materials under more severe environments such as underground pipes that require these characteristics.
[0003]
This ductile casting is obtained by adding a graphite spheroidizing agent such as metal Mg to a hot water melted by cupola or an electric furnace using iron scrap as a main iron source material, and C: 3 to 4% by mass (hereinafter “%”) The molten cast iron for ductile casting containing Si: 2-3%, Mn: 0.2-0.5%, Mg: 0.01-0.06% is melted, and this is cast by a centrifugal casting machine It is manufactured by casting with a casting equipment such as the above (for example, see Patent Document 1). In this case, in order to improve the addition yield of the metal spheroidizing agent such as metal Mg, Si, rare earth metal, etc., the hot water is subjected to desulfurization treatment as necessary before the graphite spheroidizing agent is added. Yes.
[0004]
When melting the hot water melted in the melting furnace into the molten cast iron for ductile castings, the hot water melted in the melting furnace is usually once charged in the holding furnace and stored and retained in the holding furnace at a temperature. After homogenizing the ingredients and components, charge a predetermined amount of hot water from the holding furnace into the ladle and add the graphite spheroidizing agent in the ladle, or divide the hot water in the ladle and divide it. The graphite spheroidizing treatment is performed by adding the graphite spheroidizing agent to the hot water after hot water and combining with the hot water. Conventionally, the ladle containing the hot water and the molten metal after the graphite spheroidizing treatment has been performed The ladle in which the container is stored is lifted by a crane, a hoist or the like, and is transported between a holding furnace and a graphite spheroidizing apparatus.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-6-246415 [0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Cranes and hoists are widely and commonly used as heavy goods conveying means in the steel industry and the metal processing industry. Since the air is used as the transport route, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to provide a special transport route.
[0007]
However, when the ladle containing the molten metal is transported by a crane, other manufacturing facilities are usually not arranged directly under the transport route in the event of an emergency. Therefore, it is necessary to leave the place that is directly under the transport route, and the place that is expected to be affected in the unlikely event that it is affected, and from the viewpoint of effective use of the factory site, what is an excellent transport means? It ’s hard to say.
[0008]
Moreover, when transporting using a crane or a hoist, an operator who operates the crane or the hoist is necessary, and at the same time, a slinging operator who confirms the state of the crane hook and the like is necessary on the ground. In this case, in a crane with a high operation rate, it is necessary for an operator to always get on the crane and operate the crane. The operator will wait for that period. In addition, although unmanned crane operation is currently being promoted, the work of transporting the ladle containing the molten metal by the crane has not yet been unmanned from the viewpoint of preventing a serious accident.
[0009]
Thus, conventionally, when melting molten iron for ductile castings from the original hot metal through the graphite spheroidizing treatment device from the holding furnace, the molten metal is conveyed by a conveying device having lifting means such as a crane, In addition to requiring a dedicated operator to operate the transfer device and requiring instructions and cues from the slinging operator for each work, it is difficult to say that the work is highly labor-efficient, and the manufacturing cost of the ductile casting It was one factor that raised the price.
[0010]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to receive the hot water stored and retained in a holding furnace in a ladle when manufacturing a ductile casting such as a ductile cast iron pipe, In the process of transporting to a graphite spheroidizing device and melting in molten cast iron for ductile casting, and further removing the slag in the ladle as required, the ladle can be moved and it is possible to perform the graphite spheroidization treatment, it is to provide a melting facilities of ductile foundry molten cast iron.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The melting equipment for molten cast iron for ductile castings according to the first aspect of the present invention for solving the above-described problems includes a holding furnace for storing a hot water melted in a melting furnace, and a hot water stored in the holding furnace. A melting apparatus for molten cast iron for ductile castings, comprising a ladle and a graphite spheroidizing device for adding a graphite spheroidizing agent to the hot water in the ladle, the holding furnace and the graphite spheroidizing treatment between the device, and the ladle transport means for moving the transport vehicle, the ladle having a ladle moving means for moving equipped with a ladle on it while self equipped with a ladle, There are installed, the ladle is to alternate between said ladle transfer means and the transport vehicle, without being lifted, the transport vehicle, the holding furnace by the ladle moving means and said ladle transfer means To be transferred to a graphite spheroidizing device It is intended.
[0012]
The melting equipment for molten cast iron for ductile castings according to the second invention includes a holding furnace for storing the hot water melted in the melting furnace, a ladle for receiving the hot water stored in the holding furnace, and the inside of the ladle Of molten cast iron for ductile castings, comprising: a graphite spheroidizing device that adds a graphite spheroidizing agent to the original hot water, and a waste treatment device that discharges slag in the ladle from the ladle after completion of the graphite spheroidizing treatment a melting facility, between the holding furnace and the graphite spheroidizing treatment apparatus and the Haikasu processing unit, for moving the ladle equipped with free-running equipped with a ladle on it of the conveyance carriage having a ladle moving means, a ladle transport means for moving the ladle, is installed, the ladle is to alternate between said ladle transfer means and the transport vehicle, the lifting without being, said transport carriage, said ladle moving means and said ladle transfer means Is characterized in that the moved from the holding furnace to the graphite spheroidization processing apparatus and Haikasu processor I.
[0013]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the ladle moving means and the ladle transfer means are mounted on the roller by rotating the roller. It is a roller table system that moves the ladle.
[0014]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for melting cast iron for ductile castings according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the transport carriage runs on one straight line, and the ladle transfer means includes The pan moving direction is provided in a direction substantially perpendicular to the traveling direction of the transport carriage.
[0015]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a melting cast iron melting facility for ductile castings according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the position of the transport carriage is detected by a laser sensor. It is.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1-6 is a figure which shows the example of embodiment of this invention, Comprising: FIG. 1 is a plane schematic diagram which shows the whole structure of the melting equipment of the molten cast iron for ductile casting which concerns on this invention, FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the transport carriage 5 shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 is a side view, FIG. 3 is a plan view, and FIGS. 4 and 5 are enlarged views of the roller table 9 shown in FIG. 4 is a side view, FIG. 5 is a plan view, and FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of the waste disposal apparatus 11 shown in FIG.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 1, in the melting equipment for molten cast iron for ductile casting according to the present embodiment, a graphite spheroidizing apparatus for adding a graphite spheroidizing agent such as Mg into a holding furnace 1 and a ladle 7. 8 and a waste disposal device 11 for discharging the slag in the ladle 7 are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction, and a pair of rails 6, 6 extending substantially linearly along these devices Is disposed on the rails 6 and 6, and the transport carriage 4 traveling on the rails 6 and 6 is disposed.
[0019]
In addition, the holding furnace 1 is a container that temporarily stores a hot water (molten cast iron) melted in a melting furnace (not shown) such as a cupola or an electric furnace before being cast by a casting facility such as a centrifugal casting machine. The inner wall is made of a refractory material and is a furnace capable of heating the hot water contained by low frequency induction or the like. The graphite spheroidizing treatment device 8 is a device for adding graphite spheroidizing agent to the main water to spheroidize the graphite in the main water and melting molten cast iron for ductile casting from the main water, Using pure Mg, Fe-Si-Mg alloy, Ni-Mg alloy, Cu-Mg alloy, rare earth metal, etc., as appropriate, such as pouring method, ladle addition method with lid, plunger method, pressure addition method, wire feeder method, etc. In this embodiment, a method of adding iron-coated Mg wire in which pure Mg is internally coated and coated with a steel plate to the hot water in the ladle 7 by a wire feeder method. Is used. Moreover, the waste disposal apparatus 11 is an apparatus which removes the slag which floats on the molten cast iron for ductile castings, and improves the quality of the cast ductile castings. In this embodiment, the ladle 7 is inclined, and a method of discharging slag into the dredging pot 12 at the dredging station 13 is used.
[0020]
Between the holding furnace 1 and the rail 6, a roller table 2 and a roller table 3 are arranged in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction of the transport carriage 4 as a ladle transfer means for moving the ladle 7. Similarly, a roller table 9 and a roller table 10 are disposed between the graphite spheroidizing device 8 and the rail 6, and a roller table 14 is disposed between the waste disposal device 11 and the rail 6. Has been placed. The transport cart 4 is provided with a roller table 5 as a ladle moving means for moving the ladle 7 in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction of the transport cart 4 on the transport cart 4.
[0021]
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the roller table 5 is configured such that a plurality of rollers 19 having a concave portion at the center are rotatably held by bearings 22 attached to the transport carriage 4 and are arranged in the vertical direction. The rollers 19 are arranged in two rows, and each roller 19 is rotatably installed by a roller drive motor 23 attached to the transport carriage 4 via a speed reducer 24 and a transmission device 24A. The ladle 7 is supported by the roller table 5 in a state where a pair of rails 25 arranged on the bottom surface of the ladle 7 is placed in the recess of the roller 19, and moves on the roller 19 as the roller 19 rotates. ing. The roller table 5 is provided with a stopper (not shown) for fixing the ladle 7 so as not to move, and a plurality of limit switches (not shown) for detecting the position of the ladle 7. is set up.
[0022]
A carriage driving motor 21 is attached to the conveyance carriage 4, and the wheel 20 on the rail 6 is rotated by the operation of the carriage driving electric motor 21 so that the conveyance carriage 4 travels. On the extension line of the rail 6, a laser sensor 33 for transmitting a laser beam toward the conveyance carriage 4 and receiving a reflected laser beam from the conveyance carriage 4 is installed over the entire route of the conveyance carriage 4. The location of the carriage 4 is constantly monitored by the laser sensor 33. By monitoring the location with the laser sensor 33, it is possible to detect the position with high accuracy of ± 10mm or less, and there is no need to compensate for the origin on the measurement principle. Even if some trouble occurs and the measurement is temporarily interrupted, the position can be detected immediately after the return, which is extremely preferable as the position detecting means of the transport carriage 4. On the other hand, in the case of the limit switch, when some trouble occurs during the measurement and the measurement is temporarily interrupted, it is necessary to return to the origin once to compensate, and the measurement becomes complicated.
[0023]
The configuration of the roller tables 2, 3, 9, 10, and 14 will be described using the example of the roller table 9 shown in FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the roller table 9 is fixed to the foundation 32 by a gantry 27, and the configuration of the roller table 9 is substantially the same as the roller table 5 of the transport carriage 4 described above. That is, a plurality of rollers 19 having a concave portion in the center are rotatably held by bearings 22 and arranged in two rows in the vertical direction. Each roller 19 is decelerated by a roller drive motor 23. It is rotatably installed via the machine 24 and the transmission machine 24A. The ladle 7 is supported in a state in which a pair of rails 25 provided on the bottom thereof is placed on the concave portion of the roller 19, and moves on the roller 19 as the roller 19 rotates. The roller table 9 is provided with a plurality of limit switches (not shown) for detecting the position of the ladle 7. Thus, the structure of the roller table 9 is substantially the same as the structure of the roller table 5 of the transport carriage 4, but the ladle 7 is different from the transport carriage 4 and the roller tables 2, 3, 9, This is because the support method and the movement method are the same between the transport carriage 4 and the roller tables 2, 3, 9, 10, 14.
[0024]
The configuration of the roller tables 2, 3 and 10 is substantially the same as the configuration of the roller table 9, but the roller table 2 has a load cell for measuring the mass of the ladle 7 and the mass of the molten metal in the ladle 7. (Not shown) is provided. What is necessary is just to install the installation position of a load cell in the appropriate position between the roller table 2 and a mount frame, for example. The roller table 3 is provided with an elevating device (not shown) for raising and lowering the roller table 3 itself. The roller table 2 receives the hot water from the height position of the transport carriage 4 and the holding furnace 1. Since the height positions of these are different, they are for adjusting the difference, and are not particularly required in the present invention. The lifting device may be a conventional device using an electric motor or a pressure cylinder. The roller table 10 is substantially the same as the roller table 9. Thus, the roller tables 2, 3 and 10 are similar to the roller table 9, but the overrun prevention plate of the ladle 7 and the stopper for fixing the ladle 7 are installed at their intended positions. Therefore, the position is different for each roller table.
[0025]
The configuration of the roller table 14 is also substantially the same as the configuration for moving the ladle 7, but the roller table 14 is configured such that the roller table 14 can be tilted for waste disposal. Yes. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, a base 28 is attached to the foundation 32, a hydraulic cylinder 29 is attached to the base 28, and a rod 29 a of the hydraulic cylinder 29 is tilted on the base 28. It is connected to a tilting arm 30 attached to a shaft 31 so as to be rotatable. The roller table 14 is configured integrally with the tilting arm 30. Therefore, by operating the hydraulic cylinder 29 to extend the rod 29a and tilting the tilting arm 30, as shown by a broken line in the drawing, The roller table 14 is tilted, and the ladle 7 fixed on the roller table 14 is inclined toward the pot pot 12 side.
[0026]
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1, in the present embodiment, the ladle 7 that has been subjected to the waste treatment by the waste treatment device 11 is transported to a separate building in which casting equipment such as a centrifugal casting machine (not shown) is installed. A building-passing carriage 15 is provided for this purpose. A roller table 16 for moving the ladle 7 thereon is also installed in the building transport carriage 15 in the same manner as the transport carriage 4. The roller table 16 is configured to move the ladle 7 installed. The configuration is the same as that of the roller table 5 attached to the transport carriage 4 except that the direction is the same as the traveling direction of the building transport carriage 15. On the extension line of the rail 17 on which the building transport carriage 15 travels, a laser beam is transmitted toward the building transport carriage 15 over the entire route of the building transport carriage 15 and the reflected laser from the building transport carriage 15 is reflected. A laser sensor 34 for receiving light is installed, and the location of the over-building carriage 15 is constantly monitored by the laser sensor 34. In the present invention, the over-building carriage 15 is not necessarily required, and the ladle 7 may be transported to a casting facility such as a centrifugal casting machine using a crane after the waste disposal.
[0027]
A method for melting the molten cast iron for ductile casting using the melting equipment for molten cast iron for ductile casting having such a configuration will be described below.
[0028]
A raw material obtained by melting raw hot water (molten cast iron) in a melting furnace such as a cupola or an electric furnace using an iron source such as iron scrap and a carbonaceous material such as coke, and further desulfurizing treatment if necessary Hot water is once stored in the holding furnace 1. Usually, a runway (not shown) through which the hot water passes is installed between the melting furnace and the holding furnace 1, and the hot water is supplied from the melting furnace to the holding furnace 1 continuously or intermittently. Is done. Usually, a desulfurizer is installed in the runner.
[0029]
The empty ladle 7 is kept waiting on the roller table 2, the holding furnace 1 is tilted, and the hot water is poured into the ladle 7 through the pouring pot 18. The amount of hot water received is monitored by a load cell installed on the roller table 2, and when a predetermined amount of hot water is poured, the holding furnace 1 is raised horizontally and pouring from the holding furnace 1 is stopped. In this state, a hot water reception completion signal is input to a general control panel (not shown) that monitors the operation of the transport carriage and the roller table. Thereafter, the ladle 7 is configured to automatically move by the integrated control panel until it is mounted on the roller table 14 installed in the waste disposal apparatus 11.
[0030]
When the hot water receiving completion signal is input, the roller table 2 and the roller table 3 are automatically operated, and the ladle 7 containing the main hot water is transported from the roller table 2 to the roller table 3 and temporarily stops at the roller table 3. Then, it rises to the height position of the transport carriage 4. During this time, the transport cart 4 is automatically moved to a predetermined position in front of the roller table 3, and the ladle 7 raised to the height position of the transport cart 4 is automatically transferred from the roller table 3 onto the transport cart 4. Moved to.
[0031]
When the ladle 7 is mounted on the conveyance carriage 4 and fixed at a predetermined position on the conveyance carriage 4, the conveyance carriage 4 automatically travels to the front position of the roller table 9 and stops at the predetermined position. When the transport cart 4 stops at a predetermined position, the roller table 5, the roller table 9, and the roller table 10 of the transport cart 4 are automatically operated, and the ladle 7 is transported from the roller table 5 to the roller table 10, and the roller It is fixed at a predetermined position on the table 10. If the ladle 7 is fixed at a predetermined position on the roller table 10, the iron-coated Mg wire is supplied to the hot water in the ladle 7 by the wire feeder device installed as the graphite spheroidizing device 8, and the hot water is ductile. Melted in molten cast iron for castings. The supply of the iron-coated Mg wire is automatically performed by the general control panel based on the mass of the hot water, the Mg addition reference amount, the yield, and the like previously input to the general control panel.
[0032]
When a predetermined amount of iron-coated Mg wire is added and the graphite spheroidizing treatment with Mg is completed, the roller table 9, the roller table 10, and the roller table 5 of the transport carriage 4 are automatically operated to melt the ductile casting. The ladle 7 containing the cast iron is transported again onto the transport cart 4. When the ladle 7 is fixed at a predetermined position on the conveyance carriage 4, the conveyance carriage 4 automatically travels to the front position of the roller table 14 and stops at the predetermined position. When the transport carriage 4 stops at a predetermined position, the roller table 5 and the roller table 14 automatically operate, and the ladle 7 is transported from the roller table 5 to the roller table 14 and fixed at the predetermined position on the roller table 14. Is done.
[0033]
After confirming that the ladle 7 is fixed at a predetermined position on the roller table 14, the hydraulic cylinder 29 is operated to tilt the ladle 7 and hold it at a predetermined inclination angle. In this state, the slag in the ladle 7 is discharged into the dredging pot 12 using a draining jig in the dredging station 13. When the waste disposal operation is completed, the ladle 7 is returned to the horizontal state by operating the hydraulic cylinder 29, and the ladle 7 is moved onto the over-the-carriage transport carriage 15 that has been waiting in front of the roller table 14 in advance. .
[0034]
If the ladle 7 is moved to the building passing carriage 15 and is fixed at a predetermined position on the building passing carriage 15, the building passing machine 15 is moved and the ladle 7 is installed with a casting machine such as a centrifugal casting machine. Transported to another building. When it is necessary to lift the ladle 7 with a crane or the like during casting in a casting facility, the trunnion 26 installed in the ladle 7 is directly hung on the hook of a crane or the like, or a lifting tool is attached to the trunnion 26 and attached. Can be lifted by hanging a hanging tool on the hook. The empty ladle 7 after being cast is transported in the order of the building-top transport cart 15, the transport cart 4, the roller table 3, and the roller table 2, and stands by directly below the holding furnace 1.
[0035]
As described above, by using the molten cast iron for ductile casting having the above-described configuration, the hot water stored and retained in the holding furnace 1 is received by the ladle 7 and conveyed to the graphite spheroidizing treatment device 8. The molten cast iron for ductile casting is melted and then transported to the waste disposal apparatus 11 to discharge the slag in the ladle 7. Thereafter, the molten cast iron for ductile casting is disposed in a casting facility such as a centrifugal casting machine. Since the ladle 7 is not lifted by a crane or the like in the process until it is transported to the designated place, most operations can be performed automatically, and labor saving and productivity improvement due to labor saving are achieved. Is done.
[0036]
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made. For example, the holding furnace 1, the graphite spheroidizing treatment device 8, and the waste treatment device 11 are arranged side by side in the lateral direction, but they do not have to be arranged side by side. There may be a plurality of groups without being limited to groups. Furthermore, the configuration of the roller table may be any configuration as long as it is a device that can transport the ladle 7.
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, when manufacturing a ductile casting, the hot water stored and retained in the holding furnace is received in the ladle, and then transported to a graphite spheroidizing apparatus and melted in molten cast iron for ductile casting. Furthermore, since there is no need to lift the ladle with a crane or the like in the process until the slag in the ladle is removed as necessary, most operations can be automated and a series of operations can be performed with very few operators. It becomes possible to cope with the work. As a result, labor saving and productivity improvement accompanying labor saving are achieved, and an industrially beneficial effect is brought about.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, and is a schematic plan view showing an overall configuration of a melting cast iron for ductile casting according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged side view of the transport carriage shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view of the transport carriage shown in FIG.
4 is an enlarged side view of the roller table shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged plan view of the roller table shown in FIG. 1;
6 is a schematic side view of the waste disposal apparatus shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Holding furnace 2 Roller table 3 Roller table 4 Carriage cart 5 Roller table 6 Rail 7 Ladle 8 Graphite spheroidizing device 9 Roller table 10 Roller table 11 Waste disposal device 12 Waste pot 13 Waste station 14 Roller table 15 Transport cart 16 Roller table 17 Rail 18 Pouring bath 19 Roller 20 Wheel 21 Cart drive motor 22 Bearing 23 Roller drive motor 24 Reducer 25 Rail 26 Trunnion 27 Mounting base 28 Base 29 Hydraulic cylinder 30 Tilt arm 31 Tilt shaft 32 Base 33 Laser sensor 34 Laser sensor

Claims (5)

A holding furnace for storing the hot water melted in the melting furnace, a ladle for receiving the hot water stored in the holding furnace, and a graphite spheroidizing treatment device for adding a graphite spheroidizing agent to the hot water in the ladle A melting cast iron melting equipment for ductile castings, comprising a ladle mounted between the holding furnace and the graphite spheroidizing device, and a ladle mounted on the ladle. in a conveyance carriage having a ladle moving means for moving the ladle transport means for moving the ladle, is installed, the ladle, between said ladle transfer means and the transport vehicle back and forth, without being lifted, the transport vehicle, characterized in that it is moved to the graphite spheroidizing treatment apparatus from a holding furnace by the ladle moving means and said ladle transfer means, melting of ductile foundry molten cast iron Facility. A holding furnace for storing the hot water melted in the melting furnace, a ladle for receiving the hot water stored in the holding furnace, and a graphite spheroidizing treatment device for adding a graphite spheroidizing agent to the hot water in the ladle And a slag removal device for discharging the slag in the ladle from the ladle after completion of the graphite spheroidization treatment, and a melting equipment for molten cast iron for ductile castings, the holding furnace and the graphite spheroidization treatment device preparative wherein between the Haikasu processor moves the conveyance carriage having a ladle moving means for moving the ladle equipped with free-running equipped with a ladle on it, a ladle and a pot transfer means, are installed, the ladle is to alternate between said ladle transfer means and the transport vehicle, without being lifted, the transport vehicle, the ladle moving means and said ladle Transfer from the holding furnace to the graphite spheroidizing device and the waste disposal device by the transfer means Characterized in that it is allowed, smelting facilities ductile foundry molten cast iron.   The said ladle moving means and the said ladle transfer means are the roller table systems which move the ladle mounted on the roller by a roller rotating, The Claim 1 or Claim 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. Of molten cast iron for ductile castings.   The transport cart travels on one straight line, and the ladle transfer means is provided in a direction in which the ladle movement direction is substantially perpendicular to the travel direction of the transport cart. The melting equipment for molten cast iron for ductile casting according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   5. The melting equipment for molten cast iron for ductile casting according to claim 1, wherein a position of the transport carriage is detected by a laser sensor. 6.

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