JP3674214B2 - Granulated coated seed and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Description

＊１：ベントナイトとしてナトリウムベントナイト、モンモリロナイトとしてナトリウムモンモリロナイトを用いた。
＊２：粒径比＝（粉体（Ｂ）の平均粒径）／（粉体（Ａ）の平均粒径）
＊３：粘度は、Ｂ型粘度計により測定した（２５℃）。
＊４：発芽勢は、発芽試験開始から７日後に発芽している種子の割合（％）である。
＊５：発芽率は、発芽試験開始から１４日後に発芽している種子の割合（％）である。
＊６：実施例２の粉体（Ｂ）は、混合物全体としての平均粒径が１６μｍであった。
【００４３】
比較例１〜３
表２に示す造粒用組成物及び結合剤を用いて、実施例１〜６と同様にして、造粒コーティングを行ない、副生率を測定し、また得られた造粒コーティング種子について発芽試験を行なった。結果を表２に示す。
【００４４】
【表２】

＊１〜＊５：実施例１〜６と同じ。
＊７：ポリビニルアルコール水溶液の濃度％は、重量％濃度である。
＊８：比較例１の粉体（Ｂ）は混合物全体としての平均粒径が２５．５μｍであった。
【００４５】
表より明らかなように、実施例１〜６では種子を含まない球状物が全く発生しなかった。これに対し、比較例１，２では種子を含まない球状物の発生率が高かった。また、実施例１〜６の造粒コーティング種子は、いずれも比較例１，２に対し、種子を含まない球状物の存在を考慮しても、製造直後の発芽勢及び発芽率が高かった。しかも、１２か月経過後においても、発芽勢及び発芽率があまり低下しなかった。これに対し、比較例１，２の造粒コーティング種子は、経日により発芽勢及び発芽率がともに大きく低下した。
【００４６】
また、比較例３では種子を含まない球状物が全く発生せず、また製造直後の発芽率及び発芽勢も比較的高かったが、経日により発芽率及び発芽勢がともに大きく低下した。
【００４７】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明によれば、上記特定の造粒用組成物と結合剤との組合わせにより、造粒コーティング種子が、播種時、そのコーティング層が吸水しやすく、さらに吸水により割れやすくなる。さらに、経日によってもその割れやすさが変化しにくい。また、種子を含有しない球状物の副生がほとんど認められず、さらに結合剤を使用しているものの、上記のようにコーティング層の吸水時の割れ方が良好で、種子からの剥離が良好であるため、生育に対する結合剤の影響がほとんどない。そのため、特に発芽に光を要する好光性種子は光を受けやすくなり、良好に発芽する。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a granulated coated seed and a method for producing the same. In particular, the present invention relates to a granulated coated seed obtained by granulating and coating a photophilic seed such as a flower seed and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, for the purpose of labor saving in agricultural work, granulation materials such as red soil and clay are used for seeds such as vegetables, and a fluidized bed granulator or inclined rotating pan type granulator using a binder such as polyvinyl alcohol or carboxymethyl cellulose. It is known to perform granulation coating with a granulator (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 38-3469).
[0003]
The granulated coated seeds obtained in this way are crushed into blocks and germinated when they encounter moderate moisture in the soil after sowing, because the coating layer absorbs water and cracks occur in 2 to 3 places. Occur.
[0004]
In particular, photoluminescent seeds such as floret seeds require light for germination, so they are arranged on the ground surface without being buried in the soil at the time of sowing so that they can receive light easily.
[0005]
However, the conventional granulated coated seed has a problem that the coating layer does not break well even if water is absorbed during sowing. That is, in the conventional product, even if water is absorbed, the coating layer is hardly cracked, or even if it is entered, the width may be narrow, so that the seed may not be sufficiently exposed. For this reason, the above-mentioned photophilic seed has a problem that light is blocked and good germination is inhibited. In addition, the conventional granulated coated seed has a problem that even if it is cracked immediately after production, it gradually becomes difficult to crack over time.
[0006]
Moreover, since the photoluminescent seeds such as flower seeds are micro seeds, depending on the particle size of the granulating composition to be used, a spherical product not containing seeds may be by-produced. In order to solve the problem of the by-product of the spherical product, it has been proposed that the particle size of the granulating composition is less than 20 μm (Japanese Patent Application No. 7-321542). However, when the particle size of the granulating composition is 20 μm or more, the problem has not been solved.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is a method for granulating and coating seeds, particularly euphobic seeds, which is easy to absorb water at the time of sowing, and more susceptible to cracking due to water absorption, and the cracking is less likely to change over time. Another object of the present invention is to provide a granulated coated seed in which a by-product of a spherical product containing no seed is hardly observed and a method for producing the same.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The granulated coated seed of the present invention has an average particle size of 0.1 to 25% by weight of a powder (A) having an average particle size of 30 μm or less composed of either or both of montmorillonite and bentonite, and an average powder composed of powders other than montmorillonite and bentonite. A granulating composition containing a granulated material consisting of 99.9 to 75% by weight of a powder (B) having a particle size of 10 μm or more and 30 μm or less, and an aqueous solution viscosity at 25 ° C. of 50 mPa · s or less as a binder The seed is granulated and coated with an aqueous solution of a water-soluble natural polymer substance.
[0009]
Here, the average particle diameter means an average volume diameter measured by a laser diffraction / scattering method.
[0010]
In the above, the first aspect of the invention, more than 50% by weight of the powder (B), characterized in that consists of either or both of the firing diatomaceous earth and flux-calcined diatomaceous earth.
[0011]
In the above, in the second invention, montmorillonite and bentonite of said powder (A), characterized in that a swelling power 12 ml / 2 g or more of sodium montmorillonite and sodium bentonite.
[0012]
In the third aspect of the invention, the water-soluble natural polymer substance is selected from the group consisting of starchy substances, plant sticky substances, sticky substances by microorganisms, proteins, seaweeds, and starch-based semisynthetic polymers. characterized in that at least one water-soluble polymer has.
[0013]
The granulated coated seed of the present invention has a coating layer that easily absorbs water when sown, and more easily breaks due to water absorption. In addition, the fragility is less likely to change with time. Therefore, the photophilic seeds are susceptible to light and germinate well. In addition, due to the combination of the specific granulating composition and the binder, even if the granulating composition has a particle size of 20 μm or more, a spherical product that does not contain seeds is hardly generated as a by-product.
[0014]
In addition, photoluminescent seeds such as flower seeds have a problem that they are susceptible to the influence of the binder on their growth, but in the granulated coated seeds of the present invention, as described above, cracking of the coating layer upon water absorption Is better and has better release from the seeds, so there is little influence of the binder on growth.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Below, the matter relevant to implementation of this invention is demonstrated in detail.
[0016]
(1) Composition for granulation The composition for granulation is 0.1 to 25% by weight of powder (A) having an average particle size of 30 μm or less composed of one or both of montmorillonite and bentonite, and other than montmorillonite and bentonite A granulated material comprising 99.9 to 75% by weight of a powder (B) having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or more and 30 μm or less made of the above powder.
[0017]
The powder (A) is made of montmorillonite and / or bentonite having an average particle size of 30 μm or less, in other words, when the powder (A) is made of a single powder, the powder comprises a plurality of powders. In the case of comprising, it is preferable that each powder has an average particle size of 30 μm or less. As long as the above effects are not impaired, montmorillonite and / or bentonite having an average particle size of more than 30 μm may be contained, but at least the average particle size of the powder (A) as a whole is 30 μm or less. Cost.
[0018]
The average particle diameter of the powder (A) is preferably 0.5 μm or more and 20 μm or less in order to enhance the effect of the present invention described above.
[0019]
Montmorillonite is a clay mineral having a layered structure mainly composed of silica, alumina, and magnesia, and bentonite is a clay mineral mainly composed of this montmorillonite. Since both have a large internal surface area and a high hydration power, they are rich in water absorption and swelling. Therefore, when these are contained in the granulating composition in an amount of 0.1 to 25% by weight, the coating layer easily absorbs water and breaks easily due to water absorption. If the content of the powder (A) is less than 0.1% by weight, such an effect cannot be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 25% by weight, the coating layer is difficult to crack. This is because the higher the content of powder (A), the greater the degree of cracking when the coating layer absorbs water due to its swelling power, but powder (A) not only swells but also other powders. This is because the body also serves to prevent the body from flowing out due to water absorption, and when it exceeds 25% by weight, the hardness of the coating layer increases due to the caking property of the powder (A).
[0020]
The swelling power of the montmorillonite and bentonite of the powder (A) is preferably 12 ml / 2 g or more. This is because if the amount is less than 12 ml / 2 g, the method of cracking the coating layer is not always sufficient, particularly when agglomerated seeds are granulated and coated.
[0021]
Montmorillonite and bentonite include sodium type, calcium type, and potassium type depending on the type of exchangeable cation between crystal layers. Among them, since the sodium type is particularly excellent in swelling power, sodium type sodium montmorillonite and sodium bentonite are preferably used in the present invention, and the swelling power is particularly preferably 12 ml / 2 g or more.
[0022]
Here, sodium montmorillonite and sodium bentonite include sodium activated montmorillonite activated by sodium carbonate, sodium activated bentonite, sodium-substituted montmorillonite, sodium-substituted bentonite, and the like.
[0023]
As described above, the powder (B) is a powder having an average particle size of 10 μm or more and 30 μm or less made of powder other than montmorillonite and bentonite. Here, if the average particle size is less than 10 μm, the ease of cracking of the coating layer will decrease with time.
[0024]
This powder (B) is made of one or more powders (excluding montmorillonite and bentonite) having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or more and 30 μm or less in order to further enhance the effect of the present invention described above. That is, in the case where the powder is composed of a single powder, the powder is preferably 10 μm or more and 30 μm or less in the case where the powder is composed of a plurality of powders. In addition, as long as the above effects are not impaired, a powder having an average particle size of less than 10 μm or a powder having an average particle size of more than 30 μm may be included, but at least the average of the powder (B) as a whole The particle size needs to be 10 μm or more and 30 μm or less.
[0025]
Here, the average particle diameter of the powder (B) is preferably larger than the average particle diameter of the powder (A), and more preferably, the average particle diameter of the powder (B) is the average of the powder (A). It is 1.5 to 60 times the particle size. Thereby, the change of the cracking method of the coating layer by aging can be suppressed more effectively, and the workability at the time of granulation coating is excellent.
[0026]
As the powder (B), granulated inorganic powders such as diatomaceous earth such as unfired diatomaceous earth (dried diatomaceous earth), calcined diatomaceous earth and flux fired diatomaceous earth, silica, talc, kaolin, perlite and calcium carbonate are used. These powders may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0027]
It is preferable that 50 weight% or more of powder (B) consists of calcination diatomite and / or flux calcination diatomite among diatomaceous earth. This is because, among diatomaceous earths, the use of calcined diatomaceous earth or flux calcined diatomaceous earth is better than the unfired diatomaceous earth, and the cracking of the coating layer is better.
[0028]
The composition for granulation used in the present invention contains a granulating material composed of the above-mentioned powder (A) and powder (B), and as other components, if desired, a hydrophobic agent, a plant hormone, plant nutrition You may contain auxiliary components, such as an agent, a plant growth regulator, a disinfectant, an oxygen generator, and a fertilizer. In addition, when including this auxiliary component, it is preferable that the average particle diameter of the powder is 30 micrometers or less.
[0029]
(2) Binder As the binder, an aqueous solution of a water-soluble natural polymer substance having an aqueous solution viscosity at 25 ° C. of 50 mPa · s or less, preferably 1 mPa · s or more and 50 mPa · s or less is used. This is because, when the viscosity of the aqueous solution is larger than 50 mPa · s (25 ° C.), the cracking at the time of water absorption of the coating layer decreases with time.
[0030]
Water-soluble natural high molecular weight substances include potato starch, potato starch, tapioca starch, starch such as wheat starch and corn starch, gum arabic, tragacanth gum, tamarind seed gum, locust bean gum, guar gum, mesquid gum, gatch gum, cherry gum, arabi Seeds such as nogalactan and pectin, plant stickies such as fruits, stickies by microorganisms such as dextran, pullulan, xanthan gum and levan, proteins such as casein, collagen, glue, gelatin and derivatives thereof (for example, casein sodium), Seaweeds such as sodium alginate and carrageenan, dextrin (for example, roasted dextrin, enzyme-modified dextrin, etc.), soluble starch, carboxymethyl starch and dialdehyde It can be mentioned starch-based semisynthetic polymers such as Pung. These water-soluble polymers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0031]
In addition, as long as the above-described effects of the present invention are not impaired, other binders may be added as appropriate. Moreover, you may add auxiliary components, such as a plant hormone and a plant nutrient, if it is a grade which does not impair the above-mentioned effect of this invention.
[0032]
(3) In order to granulate and coat seeds using a granulation composition and a binder comprising the above granulation coating method, various known methods such as a tilting rotary bread granulator and a fluidized bed granulator A granulator can be used.
[0033]
In the granulation coating, the above-mentioned granulating composition powder is added to the seed while spraying the binder with a spray or the like to form a coating layer on the surface of the seed. In the very initial stage of granulated coated seed production, it is also possible to coat the granulating composition using only water that does not contain a binder, and then using the binder, While maintaining the good characteristics of the granulated coated seed according to the present invention, it is possible to more effectively suppress the influence of the binder on the growth.
[0034]
The size of the granulated coated seeds obtained is not unclear because the weight and size of the original seeds are different, but it is not particularly limited as long as it can be mechanically sown.
[0035]
The type of seed to be granulated coated is not limited. Normal seeds or processed seeds such as shelled so-called peeled seeds (bare seeds) can be used. Further, the photophilic seed particularly suitable for the present invention refers to a seed that is difficult to germinate without light, and includes, for example, many kinds of flower seeds. Examples include Bethonia, Turkey, Begonia, Coleus, Snapdragon and the like.
[0036]
Many of these floret seeds have minute seeds having an average particle diameter of 1 mm or less, and the present invention is particularly effective for these minute photophilic seeds.
[0037]
In the case where the surface of the granulated coated seed is colored with a pigment, dye, pigment or the like for the purpose of identifying the granulated coated seed, these agents are used as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. May be incorporated into the granulating composition or binder.
[0038]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, specific examples and effects of the present invention will be shown by examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0039]
Examples 1-6
After putting 50 ml of seeds of Turkish Kyocera with a germination rate of about 95% into an inclined rotating pan and granulating and coating using a granulating composition and a binder shown in Table 1 until the particle size becomes about 1.5 mm And dried at 30 ° C. for 3 hours. In Table 1, “parts” means parts by weight. The “particle size” is an average particle size.
[0040]
Table 1 shows the generation rate (by-product rate) of spheres that do not contain seeds during granulation coating. The by-product rate is a ratio (%) of the spherical product obtained as a result of the granulation coating and does not contain seeds, and was obtained by inspecting 500 obtained spherical products.
[0041]
The granulated coated seeds thus obtained were subjected to a germination test immediately after production, 3 months after production, 6 months and 12 months, and examined for changes in germination vigor and germination rate over time. The germination test was carried out by placing two filter papers on a petri dish with a diameter of 9 cm, pouring 4 ml of water onto the petri dish, placing 100 seeds of granulated coating, and placing them in a thermostat at 20 ° C. In addition, since it was not possible to distinguish between a spherical substance containing seeds and a spherical substance containing no seeds with the naked eye, the germination test was performed without selecting the spherical substances containing no seeds. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0042]
[Table 1]

* 1: Sodium bentonite was used as bentonite, and sodium montmorillonite was used as montmorillonite.
* 2: Particle size ratio = (average particle size of powder (B)) / (average particle size of powder (A))
* 3: The viscosity was measured with a B-type viscometer (25 ° C.).
* 4: Germination vigor is the percentage (%) of seeds germinated 7 days after the start of the germination test.
* 5: Germination rate is the ratio (%) of seeds germinated 14 days after the start of the germination test.
* 6: The powder (B) of Example 2 had an average particle size of 16 μm as a whole mixture.
[0043]
Comparative Examples 1-3
Using the granulation composition and binder shown in Table 2, the granulation coating was performed in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 6, the byproduct rate was measured, and the germination test was conducted on the obtained granulated coating seeds. Was done. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0044]
[Table 2]

* 1- * 5: Same as Examples 1-6.
* 7: The concentration% of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is the concentration by weight.
* 8: The powder (B) of Comparative Example 1 had an average particle diameter of 25.5 μm as a whole mixture.
[0045]
As is clear from the table, in Examples 1 to 6, no spheroids containing seeds were generated. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the incidence of spheroids not containing seeds was high. In addition, the granulated coated seeds of Examples 1 to 6 were higher in germination vigor and germination rate immediately after production than Comparative Examples 1 and 2, even if the presence of spherical substances not containing seeds was considered. Moreover, even after 12 months, the germination vigor and germination rate did not decrease much. On the other hand, in the granulated coated seeds of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, both germination vigor and germination rate were greatly reduced by the passage of time.
[0046]
Further, in Comparative Example 3, no spheroids containing no seeds were generated, and the germination rate and the germination rate immediately after production were relatively high, but both the germination rate and the germination rate were greatly reduced with the passage of time.
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, by combining the specific granulating composition and the binder, the granulated coated seed can be easily absorbed by the coating layer at the time of sowing, and more easily broken by water absorption. Become. In addition, the fragility is less likely to change with time. In addition, almost no by-product of the spherical material containing no seeds was observed, and although a binder was used, the cracking of the coating layer upon water absorption was good as described above, and peeling from the seeds was good. As such, there is little effect of the binder on growth. For this reason, particularly euphotic seeds that require light for germination become susceptible to light and germinate well.

Claims (8)

0.1 to 25% by weight of powder (A) consisting of one or both of montmorillonite and bentonite with an average particle size of 30 μm or less, and powder having an average particle size of 10 μm to 30 μm consisting of powder other than montmorillonite and bentonite (B) a granulating composition containing a granulated material consisting of 99.9 to 75% by weight;
As a binder, an aqueous solution of a water-soluble natural polymer substance having an aqueous solution viscosity at 25 ° C. of 50 mPa · s or less,
A granulated coated seed obtained by granulating a seed ,
A granulated coated seed, wherein 50% by weight or more of the powder (B) comprises one or both of calcined diatomaceous earth and flux calcined diatomaceous earth . 0.1 to 25% by weight of powder (A) consisting of one or both of montmorillonite and bentonite with an average particle size of 30 μm or less, and powder having an average particle size of 10 μm to 30 μm consisting of powder other than montmorillonite and bentonite (B) a granulating composition containing a granulated material consisting of 99.9 to 75% by weight;
As a binder, an aqueous solution of a water-soluble natural polymer substance having an aqueous solution viscosity at 25 ° C. of 50 mPa · s or less,
A granulated coated seed obtained by granulating a seed,
Granulating and coating seed montmorillonite and bentonite of said powder (A) is, you being a swelling power 12 ml / 2 g or more of sodium montmorillonite and sodium bentonite. 0.1 to 25% by weight of powder (A) consisting of one or both of montmorillonite and bentonite with an average particle size of 30 μm or less, and powder having an average particle size of 10 μm to 30 μm consisting of powder other than montmorillonite and bentonite (B) a granulating composition containing a granulated material consisting of 99.9 to 75% by weight;
As a binder, an aqueous solution of a water-soluble natural polymer substance having an aqueous solution viscosity at 25 ° C. of 50 mPa · s or less,
A granulated coated seed obtained by granulating a seed,
The water-soluble natural polymer material is at least one water-soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of starch, plant adhesives, microorganism adhesives, proteins, seaweeds, and starch-based semisynthetic polymers. granulating and coating seed you wherein there. The granulated coated seed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the seed is a photophilic seed. 0.1 to 25% by weight of powder (A) consisting of one or both of montmorillonite and bentonite with an average particle size of 30 μm or less, and powder having an average particle size of 10 μm to 30 μm consisting of powder other than montmorillonite and bentonite (B) a granulating composition containing a granulated material consisting of 99.9 to 75% by weight;
As a binder, an aqueous solution of a water-soluble natural polymer substance having an aqueous solution viscosity at 25 ° C. of 50 mPa · s or less,
Seeds A method for producing a granulated coated seed you granulating and coating,
A method for producing a granulated coated seed, wherein 50% by weight or more of the powder (B) comprises one or both of calcined diatomaceous earth and flux calcined diatomaceous earth . 0.1 to 25% by weight of powder (A) consisting of one or both of montmorillonite and bentonite and having an average particle diameter of 30 μm or less, and powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm to 30 μm consisting of powder other than montmorillonite and bentonite (B) from 99.9 to 75 and granulated composition comprising by weight% Toka Ranaru granulating material,
As a binder, an aqueous solution of a water-soluble natural polymer substance having an aqueous solution viscosity at 25 ° C. of 50 mPa · s or less,
A method for producing a granulated coated seed for granulating and coating seeds, comprising:
Montmorillonite and bentonite, the method for producing a granulated coated seed you being a swelling power 12 ml / 2 g or more of sodium montmorillonite and sodium bentonite of the powder (A). 0.1 to 25% by weight of powder (A) consisting of one or both of montmorillonite and bentonite and having an average particle diameter of 30 μm or less, and powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm to 30 μm consisting of powder other than montmorillonite and bentonite (B) a granulating composition containing a granulated material consisting of 99.9 to 75% by weight;
As a binder, an aqueous solution of a water-soluble natural polymer substance having an aqueous solution viscosity at 25 ° C. of 50 mPa · s or less,
A method for producing a granulated coated seed for granulating and coating seeds, comprising:
The water-soluble natural polymer material is at least one water-soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of starch, plant adhesives, microorganism adhesives, proteins, seaweeds, and starch-based semisynthetic polymers. method for producing a granulated coated seed you wherein there. The method for producing a granulated coated seed according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the seed is a photophilic seed.