JP3668645B2 - Eddy current separator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a sorting device for separating bags after being broken such as garbage bags collected from households and the like, and films from bottles, cans, plastic bottles and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Valuables such as cans, bottles and plastic bottles are packed in garbage bags and sent to a recycling plant. In the recycling plant, rubber bags that are packed with valuables are broken, and garbage bags, cans, bottles, plastic bottles, etc., after being broken are sorted and collected. Conventionally, the separation of garbage bags after bag breaking has been performed manually. However, the following devices are known as sorting and removing devices that automatically sort.
[0003]
(1) The bag after the bag breakage is sent to a rotating drum composed of a pipe around the bag, the bag inside is hooked and lifted by a hook on the pipe, the bag is blown down on the upper tray, and the bag on the tray is sucked with a blower. A bag removing device (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-966).
[0004]
(2) A bag removal device for picking up a bag after breaking the bag with a rotating brush having an elastic hook around the bag and sucking the bag with a blower and collecting it with a cyclone dust collector (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-24916) ).
[0005]
(3) Carrying garbage containing bags after bag breakage on the belt conveyor, dropping the garbage at the end of the conveyor, and blowing the airflow from below to the upper part with a nozzle header to sort the bags. Wind power sorter (refer to Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-249282).
[0006]
(4) A bag removal screen that rotates at the same speed in the same direction as the bag breaking wheel is provided at the bottom of the bag breaking wheel of the bag breaking device, and a high-pressure air flow is generated by the nozzle to form a pointed bag breaking blade and bag breaking bag. A bag removing device that presses a bag torn by the rotational force of a wheel against a bag removing screen and separates the bag pressed against the bag removing screen by a collecting chute (see JP-A-10-203515).
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the bag removal apparatus of the above (1), a mechanical system becomes large for hooking and lifting the bag on the hook, and a large-capacity suction blower is required for sucking the bag with an air flow. .
[0008]
In addition, even in the bag removal device of the above (2), the mechanical system becomes large to hook and lift the bag on the elastic hook, and the large capacity is required to suck the bag that has been lifted by air flow. A suction blower is required.
[0009]
Further, in the wind power sorting apparatus of the above (3), there is a possibility that the bags cannot be reliably separated.
[0010]
Further, even in the bag removal device of the above (4), a mechanical system becomes large for pressing the bag against the bag removal screen and collecting it with the collection chute.
[0011]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a separation device that can reliably separate bags, films, and the like from cans, bottles, plastic bottles, and the like with a small air flow without having a large mechanical system.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention will be described below. In addition, in order to make an understanding of this invention easy, the reference number of an accompanying drawing is attached in parenthesis writing, However, This invention is not limited to the form of illustration.
[0013]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor creates a spiral air flow inside the casing (7), and gives the buoyancy and centrifugal force to the bags and films to be separated by this air flow, thereby forming the bags and films. The present invention has been found. Specifically, a casing (7) having an inner peripheral surface (11a) having a narrowed truncated conical shape and an inlet (3) communicating with the larger diameter side of the inner peripheral surface (11a); And at least one nozzle (8) for ejecting gas along the peripheral surface (11a), and the casing (7) has a discharge port (5) communicating with the small diameter side of the inner peripheral surface (11a). At the same time, the vortex air flow separation device (1) having a separation port (4) communicating with the inner peripheral surface (11a) on the side surface solves the above-described problems. Here, nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, etc. other than air can be used for gas. In particular, when there is a request for explosion prevention, nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, etc. are used. In general, compressed air that is easily available and inexpensive is used.
[0014]
When compressed air is blown into the nozzle (8), high-speed air is ejected from the nozzle (8) along the inner peripheral surface (11a) of the casing. This air has an upward velocity component due to the effect of the apex angle (α) opened upward, and as a result, a spiral air flow is formed toward the inlet (3). Of the trash that is introduced from the inlet (3) and falls in the casing (7), the bag and film (9) that are susceptible to wind are moved upward by the spiral air flow generated in the casing (7). Subjected to buoyancy and centrifugal force due to rotation.
[0016]
According to this invention, the bag and the film (9) introduced from the introduction port (3) are lifted so as to be pressed against the inner peripheral surface (11a) by centrifugal force. And it discharges | emits from the classification port (4) provided in the side surface of the casing (7). Moreover, a can, a bottle, and a plastic bottle (10) with large bulk specific gravity fall naturally from this discharge port (5). In this manner, by providing the separation port (4) and the discharge port (5), it is possible to continuously separate the objects to be separated.
[0017]
The invention of claim 2 is the vortex air flow separation device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle (8) is a plane perpendicular to the central axis (13) of the inner peripheral surface (11a). A plurality of them are provided on the same circumference, with a gap in the circumferential direction.
[0018]
According to this invention, a stable vortex can be generated inside the casing (5), and the separation becomes smooth.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows a vortex type separation device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. When resource garbage containing cans, bottles, plastic bottles, broken bags, etc. is introduced from the input conveyor 2 to the input port 3 of the vortex type separation device 1, the bags and the film 9 are separated and discharged from the separation port 4. The cans, bottles, and plastic bottles 10 that are solid materials pass through the vortex sorter 1 and are discharged from the discharge port 5 and fall onto the conveyor 6 disposed at the bottom. The vortex-type separation device 1 includes a casing 7 having an inner peripheral surface 11a formed in a lower narrow truncated cone shape, and a pair of nozzles 8 for ejecting air along the inner peripheral surface 11a.
[0020]
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the casing 7 is provided so as to communicate with a conical portion 11 having an inner peripheral surface 11 a whose diameter gradually increases from the lower end toward the upper end, and the smaller diameter side of the conical portion 11. The discharge port 5, the cover plate 12 connected to the upper end of the conical portion 11, the separation port 4 provided on the side surface of the cover plate 12, and the upper surface of the cover plate 12 are provided on the large diameter side of the inner peripheral surface 11a. It is comprised with the insertion port 3 which connects.
[0021]
The conical portion 11 is manufactured by bending a plate material into a conical shape. The inner peripheral surface 11a of the conical portion 11 has an apex angle α set to about 5 degrees to 30 degrees. When the apex angle α is made close to 0 and the inner peripheral surface 11a is made cylindrical, the vortex has no upward velocity component and swirls only on the cylindrical inner peripheral surface, so that the bag and the film 9 are levitated. It becomes difficult to be struck. The height of the conical part 11 is set so that centrifugal force can be applied to the floated bag and film 9 by a vortex and the bag and film 9 can be reliably separated.
[0022]
The upper end of the conical part 11 is connected to the cover plate 12. The cover plate 12 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape having a diameter larger than that of the upper end of the conical portion 11, and a separation port 4 is formed on the side surface so as to discharge the bag 9 and the film 9 in the tangential direction. Is done. The size of the separation port 4 is set to such an extent that the bag and the film 9 are not caught. The swiveling bag and film 9 are discharged from the separation port 4 by centrifugal force. In the present embodiment, the tip of the separation port 4 is open, but a suction duct (not shown) is connected to the separation port 4, the sucked bag and film 9 are pulled by the suction duct, and are collected by a cyclone (not shown). May be. In this case, the blower connected to the suction duct is auxiliary, and it is not necessary to prepare a large capacity blower.
[0023]
The charging port 3 provided on the upper surface of the cover plate 12 has a circular cross section and has a diameter equal to or larger than the conveying width of the charging conveyor 2 so that all the dust on the charging conveyor 2 can be charged. When throwing in the dust, it is desirable to put it so as to hit the inner peripheral surface 11a instead of the center of the inner peripheral surface 11a so as to be easily influenced by the spiral air flow.
[0024]
The discharge port 5 is provided at the lower end of the conical part 11 and has a circular cross section. The opening size of the discharge port 5 is set to, for example, 300 mm or more in accordance with the transport width of the transport conveyor 6. The height from the conveyance surface of the conveyance conveyor 6 to the discharge port 5 is set to, for example, 150 mm or more so as not to prevent the passage of cans, bottles, plastic bottles, and the like.
[0025]
A pair of nozzles 8 for ejecting air along the inner peripheral surface 11 a is provided on the discharge port 5 side of the conical portion 11. The pair of nozzles 8 are equally spaced in the circumferential direction on the same circumference in a plane orthogonal to the central axis 13 of the inner circumferential surface 11a, in this case, spaced apart by 180 degrees, and in the same direction (for example, a watch) Is arranged so as to generate a vortex flow around. Compressed air is sent to the nozzle 8 from a compressor or the like, and high-speed air is ejected. Here, the buoyancy and centrifugal force applied to the bag and the film 9 depend on the flow rate rather than the air flow rate. For this reason, in order to increase buoyancy and centrifugal force, it is desirable to crush the tip of the nozzle 8 to increase the flow velocity. The nozzle 8 is arranged horizontally so as to eject air having a velocity component in the horizontal direction. However, the nozzle 8 may be arranged with the tip slightly inclined upward so that the ejected air has an upward velocity component. Good. Moreover, although the two nozzles 8 are provided, of course, it is not restricted to two, One may be sufficient and two or more may be sufficient. The number of the nozzles 8 is determined by the size of the object to be sorted, the bulk specific gravity, and the like.
[0026]
As shown in FIG. 1, resource trash such as bag-filled bottles, cans, plastic bottles, etc., is thrown into a bag containing jars, cans, plastic bottles, bags, and film 9 after the bags are broken by a bag-breaking device (not shown). It is conveyed on the conveyor 2. Garbage to be sorted is fed from one end of the loading conveyor 2 to the loading port 3. When compressed air is blown into the nozzle 8, high-speed air is ejected from the nozzle 8 along the inner peripheral surface 11 a of the casing 7. This air has an upward velocity component due to the effect of the apex angle α opened upward, and as a result, a spiral air flow is formed toward the inlet 3. Of the dust falling in the casing 7, the bag 9 and the film 9 which are easily affected by wind are subjected to upward buoyancy and centrifugal force due to rotation by the spiral air flow, and are pressed against the inner peripheral surface 11a by centrifugal force. To rise. And it discharges | emits reliably from the classification port 4 provided in the side surface of the casing 7. FIG. Moreover, the can, bottle, and plastic bottle 10 having a large bulk specific gravity pass through the casing 7 and naturally fall from the discharge port 5.
[0027]
The collected bag and film 9 are separated by specific gravity and granulated into polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and polypropylene granules. When sorting by specific gravity, the sorting accuracy can be greatly improved by aligning the particle size by crushing and sieving before feeding into the apparatus. Further, after the steel can is sorted and separated by electromagnetic force, the can and the like are separated into a bottle, an aluminum can and a plastic bottle by wind sorting. Bottles are sorted by color, and aluminum cans and plastic bottles are separated from each other by induction electromagnetic force. Furthermore, plastic bottles are sorted by material.
[0028]
The eddy current sorting apparatus 1 of the present invention is optimal for sorting bag-type garbage, i.e., bags, films, and the like, and hard-type garbage, i.e., cans, bottles, plastic bottles, and the like. Some garbage contains a mix of shaped plastic bottles, toys, and broken bags. In the case of separating the garbage having no cracks, it is not necessary to consider the bottle cracking due to the impact of dropping, and therefore the vortex air flow separation device 1 of the present invention can be optimally applied.
[0029]
Further, when a plurality of vortex air flow separation devices of the present invention are arranged in series, for example, in two stages and three stages, and the air velocity of the air flow is changed by each vortex air flow separation device, a plurality of separation objects having different bulk specific gravity are individually set. It becomes possible to sort.
[0030]
In the above embodiment, the vortex air flow separation device of the present invention is used as a bag removal device that separates bags and films from garbage containing bottles, cans, plastic bottles, bags, and films. By optimizing the size and wind speed of the eddy current suction device, for example, construction waste material separation device for separating non-combustible materials such as sand and stone in construction mixed waste and combustible materials such as wood chips and vinyl sheets It can also be applied to. By separating construction waste, it is possible to prevent more than 5% of combustibles from being mixed with sand and stone that are the targets of landfill. In addition, various kinds of sorting such as sorting of lightweight items such as sponges in car shredders and heavy items such as hardened plastics are possible.
[0031]
【Example】
The apex angle α was changed at a discharge port diameter of 400 mm and a casing height of 600 mm, and it was tested whether bags and films charged from the input port could be separated. As a result, when the apex angle was 15 degrees and air with an air speed of 80 m / s was ejected from the nozzle, the bags, films and plastic bottles could be separated almost 100%. The apex angle is preferably about 15 degrees, but the same effect can be expected from 5 degrees to 30 degrees. Further, the number of nozzles may be one, placing the two nozzles positioned symmetrically on the circumference, smoothly fractionation could be achieved.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the vortex air flow separation device includes a casing having an inner peripheral surface of a narrowed truncated conical shape, and an input port communicating with a large diameter side of the inner peripheral surface, It comprised with the at least 1 nozzle which ejects gas along an internal peripheral surface. When compressed air is blown into the nozzle, high-speed air is ejected from the nozzle along the inner peripheral surface of the casing. This air has an upward velocity component due to the effect of the apex angle opened upward, and as a result, a spiral air flow is formed toward the inlet. Garbage to be sorted is thrown from the slot. Of the dust falling in the casing, bags, films and the like that are easily affected by wind are subjected to upward buoyancy and centrifugal force due to rotation by the spiral air flow generated in the casing. In addition, cans, bottles, and plastic bottles with large bulk specific gravity fall naturally without being affected by the air flow.
[0033]
In this way, it is possible to separate valuable materials such as bags, films and cans, plastic bottles, and mixtures of different shapes and bulk densities with a very simple apparatus with an extremely low air volume. Moreover, since it is a simple apparatus, it can also be easily integrated into the conveyance process after the existing bag breaker.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a vortex air flow separation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the vortex air flow separation device.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Eddy current separation apparatus 3 Input port 4 Separation port 5 Outlet 7 Casing 8 Nozzle 11a Inner peripheral surface

Claims (2)

A lower-thinned truncated cone-shaped inner peripheral surface, a casing having a charging port communicating with the large-diameter side of the inner peripheral surface, and at least one nozzle for ejecting gas along the inner peripheral surface The casing has a discharge port communicating with the smaller diameter side of the inner peripheral surface, and a separation port communicating with the inner peripheral surface on the side surface of the casing.   2. The vortex air flow separation device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the nozzles are provided on the same circumference in a plane orthogonal to the central axis of the inner circumferential surface with a circumferential interval. .

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