JP3672864B2 - Eddy current separator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is used for separation of combustible and non-combustible materials, extraction of valuable materials, etc. as pretreatment for landfill or incineration of industrial waste such as bulky garbage or construction waste collected from each household, etc. The present invention relates to a sorting device. Further, the present invention is used for separation and recovery of valuable materials and organic materials as a pre-stage of the resource recycling process.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In many cases, the principle of the separation apparatus is used by utilizing the physical characteristics and chemical characteristics of the waste or a combination thereof. Examples of the sorter include sieving, wind sorting, gravity sorting, electrostatic separation and the like.
[0003]
The wind sorting is a method of sorting by the difference in the falling speed and air resistance of each substance in the air. The falling speed is determined not only by the specific gravity but also by the resistance force received from the air depending on the shape and size of the waste. This method has long been used to separate rice grains and rice grains as a threshing operation when harvesting rice under the eaves of farmers. The wind sorter is adapted to perform this principle in a sealed container. As the air flow, the upward vertical zigzag passage type as shown in FIG. 9 and the horizontal type horizontal flow as shown in FIG. 10 are used. and so on.
[0004]
In the vertical wind sorter shown in FIG. 9, an air flow flows from the bottom to the top, and a sample is put in the middle of the air flow. The reason why the air flow passage is formed in a zigzag is to prevent the sample from falling straight down.
[0005]
In the horizontal wind power sorter shown in FIG. 10, a lateral flow of air is blown onto the sample on which the nozzle is falling, and the sample is separated by the distance of the sample.
[0006]
Further, the present applicant has proposed a vortex air flow separation device 31 using a vortex air flow as a new wind sorter as shown in FIG. 11 (see Japanese Patent Application No. 11-212660). This vortex air separation device is applied to separate waste into a heavy component 32 (for example, metal, earth and sand, glass, etc.) and a light component 33 (for example, paper, plastic, fiber, etc.).
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when separating relatively heavy objects with a wind sorter, for example, when plastic waste chips such as construction waste are mixed with plastic plate-shaped chips or pieces of wood, and these are sorted by the wind sorter as light components, There is a problem like this.
[0008]
In a vertical wind power sorter, the terminal speed for floating a plastic plate-shaped chip or a piece of wood is increased, and a large air volume is required. For this reason, in addition to a large blower, the equipment for dust removal becomes large and the equipment cost and operation cost become enormous. In addition, as a basic problem of the vertical sorter, air flows from the input port of the object to be sorted. However, since the inflow amount varies depending on how the input port is blocked by the object to be sorted, there is a problem that the sorting accuracy is poor. . In order to solve this problem, an air lock is required with a rotary valve or a double damper.
[0009]
As described above, the horizontal wind power sorter sorts light objects by flying away by a horizontal airflow. For this reason, although a bag-like thing rides in a horizontal air current and is thrown away, there exists a possibility that the heavy goods in the vicinity of a bag may be caught in this, and may be sorted to the lightweight thing side. In addition, the plate-like lightweight object has a problem in that the flying accuracy varies depending on the direction when it is blown by the nozzle, and the sorting accuracy is not good.
[0010]
The vortex air flow separation device using the vortex air flow is more compact than the above two devices. In contrast to the main purpose of this apparatus, bags and films are separated from cans and plastic bottles, the film can be accurately sorted by sucking the film from the bottom of the conical casing (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-96233). However, when sorting plastic plate-shaped chips or pieces of wood as lightweight objects, the top charging is advantageous in terms of air volume, but vortex air may be ejected from the charging port.
[0011]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a vortex air flow separation device that can sort, for example, a plastic plate-shaped chip or a piece of wood as a lightweight object based on a vortex flow separation device.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention will be described below.
[0013]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present inventor has found that the spiral air flow is not ejected from the inlet by setting the diameter of the inlet to a predetermined value or less. Specifically, the invention according to claim 1 is a conical casing having an inner peripheral surface of a narrow truncated frustoconical shape, a first discharge port communicating with a small diameter side of the inner peripheral surface, and a large size of the conical casing. A discharge casing provided on the diameter side, having a diameter equal to or greater than the diameter of the large diameter side and having a second discharge port on the side surface; and an input port provided in the discharge casing and into which a material to be separated is charged And at least one or a plurality of nozzles for ejecting gas along the inner peripheral surface of the conical shape, the center of the inlet is substantially disposed on the center line of the inner peripheral surface of the conical shape, In the vortex air flow separation device in which the diameter of the input port is about two-thirds or less of the diameter of the discharge casing, the discharge casing and the discharge casing, so that the objects to be separated input from the input port can be separated into at least three types Multiple conical casings are stacked The vortex flow separation device according to claim bets, has solved the problems described above.
[0014]
When a gas such as compressed air is blown into the nozzle, high-speed air is ejected from the nozzle along the inner peripheral surface of the chamber. This gas has an upward velocity component due to the effect of the apex angle opened upward, and as a result, forms a spiral flow. The object to be separated is input from the input port. At this time, if the diameter of the inlet port is close to the diameter of the discharge casing, a part of the spiral air flow may be ejected from the inlet port and the thrown object to be separated may be scattered. The present invention can solve this problem. That is, since the spiral flow is blocked from being ejected from the inlet by the top surface around the inlet of the discharge casing, it is possible to prevent the light objects in the material to be separated from scattering from the inlet. At this time, the flow swirls around the center line of the discharge casing, in other words, forms a vortex. For this reason, a negative pressure is generated on the center line of the discharge casing. Therefore, when a small hole is formed on the center line of the discharge casing, the outside air is sucked from here. As this diameter is increased, gas will eventually spout. The diameter of the inlet is preferably as large as possible for the purpose of feeding the object to be separated. As a result of the suction experiment, the present inventor confirmed that no gas was ejected up to about two-thirds of the diameter of the discharge casing.
[0015]
For example, when separating waste into light bags and films, and other heavy cans, bottles, plastic bottles, etc., it is easily affected by the flow of waste falling in the discharge casing. Bags, films and the like are subjected to upward buoyancy and centrifugal force due to rotation by a spiral air flow generated in the discharge casing. On the other hand, cans, bottles, and plastic bottles with high bulk specific gravity fall naturally without being affected by this flow. Also, when sorting construction waste into heavy components such as metal, earth and sand, and other light components such as paper, film, and wood chips, it is possible to sort by increasing the flow ejected from the nozzle. it can. However, at this time, plastic bottles are discharged to the light side.
[0016]
The diameter of the inlet is not less about one third or more of the diameter of the exhaust casing, may be and rather smaller than the diameter of the conical casing top.
[0017]
Considering the ease of throwing in the separation object, the larger the diameter of the inlet, the better. In order not to pollute the outside air, it is better to suck outside air and the like. For this reason, if the diameter of the inlet is about 2/3 or less of the diameter of the discharge casing, there is no problem. It is desirable to be about one third. The diameter of the inlet is preferably smaller than the diameter on the large diameter side of the conical casing.
[0018]
An input hood for guiding an object to be separated to the input port may be provided on the periphery of the input port. Thereby, even if the diameter of the inlet becomes small, it does not become difficult to input the object to be separated.
[0020]
The present invention is for, for example, sorting the objects to be separated into three or more types such as light, medium and heavy. In general, the vortex air flow separation device can perform only two types of light and heavy separation. By stacking the discharge casing and conical casing in multiple stages up and down, and lowering the amount of jets from the upper nozzle below the lower one, for example, light, such as paper and film, medium quality such as wood chips, and heavy, such as earth and sand Sorting becomes possible. Also, if the upper nozzle ejection amount is equal to the lower nozzle ejection amount, the lighter parts that have fallen without being able to be sorted in the upper stage can be sorted again in the lower stage, for example, light, light, heavy And can be separated with increased purity.
[0021]
By the way, the vortex air flow separation device is particularly suitable for sorting light materials such as bags and films whose terminal speed is slow (easily floating in the wind) and other heavy materials. However, as described above, a large amount of flow is required when sorting wood pieces or the like on the light side such as construction waste. Claim 2 is an invention for solving this problem. Generally, the residue of construction waste is often fine because it is after crushing and screening. For this reason, if a residue is thrown in from a slot, a piece of wood, etc. may be discharged from a heavy outlet for gravity drop as it is. In order to solve this problem, according to the second aspect of the present invention, an inner cylinder is provided at the lower portion of the inlet in the discharge casing. Specifically, the invention of claim 2 includes a conical casing having an inner peripheral surface of a lower-throw truncated conical shape, a first discharge port communicating with a small diameter side of the inner peripheral surface, and a large size of the conical casing. A discharge casing provided on the diameter side, having a diameter equal to or greater than the diameter of the large diameter side and having a second discharge port on the side surface; and an input port provided in the discharge casing and into which a material to be separated is charged And at least one or a plurality of nozzles for jetting gas along the inner peripheral surface of the conical shape, and an inner cylinder having a lid is provided inside the conical casing.
[0022]
The thrown-in waste collides with the lid of the inner cylinder and is scattered toward the inner peripheral surface of the conical casing. The light matter is carried to the second discharge port along the flow of the spiral gas ejected from the nozzle in the vicinity of the inner peripheral surface of the conical casing. At this time, the spiral gas flow passage is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the conical casing and the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder. In other words, the inner cylinder narrows the passage width of the spiral flow and increases the flow speed. For this reason, for example, wood pieces and plastic pieces can be sorted to the light side with a small air volume.
[0023]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the vortex air flow separation device according to the second aspect , the separation object that has collided with the lid falls on the opposite side of the conical casing from the second discharge port. An inclined surface is formed on the lid.
[0024]
According to the present invention, the object to be crushed that collides with the lid is scattered in all directions, and the object to be crushed can be prevented from being discharged as it is from the second discharge port without being separated. It can be dropped once. Thereby, the selection purity can be improved.
[0025]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the vortex air flow separation device according to the third aspect , wherein the object to be separated introduced from the inlet is between the lid and the inlet, on the second outlet side. A wall for preventing discharge from the second discharge port is provided.
[0026]
According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the object to be separated from being dropped from the charging port directly without being separated by the vortex in the discharge casing.
[0027]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the vortex air flow separating apparatus according to any one of the second to fourth aspects, the discharge casing and the conical casing are configured so that the objects to be separated fed from the inlet can be separated into at least three types. Are stacked in multiple stages.
[0028]
According to the present invention, for example, the objects to be separated can be classified into three or more types such as light, medium and heavy.
[0029]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1 to 3 show a vortex air flow separating apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. This vortex air flow separation device is generally combined with a crushing device, for example, to separate garbage collected from each household into bags, film-based light components, and cans, bottles, plastic bottle-based heavy components. Industrial waste such as construction waste is separated into light parts such as wood and plastic, and heavy parts such as earth and sand, and home appliance waste is divided into light parts such as plastic fragments and metal such as copper. It is used to separate into heavy parts of lumps. When industrial waste such as construction waste is separated into wood, plastic, etc. and earth and sand, it becomes possible to landfill only earth and sand, etc., and when household appliance waste is separated into plastic and metal, it can be reused respectively. It becomes possible to do.
[0030]
Garbage, construction waste, home appliance waste, and the like as wastes are thrown into the vortex air flow separator 2 from the feed conveyor 1. Light articles 3 such as bags, films, and pieces of wood are separated into a light article discharge duct 4, and heavy objects 5, such as metal and earth and sand, are passed through a vortex air separation device 2 and separated into a heavy article conveyor 6 disposed below.
[0031]
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the vortex air flow separation device has a conical casing 7 having a conical inner peripheral surface. The conical casing 7 is arranged so that the small diameter side of the cone faces downward. The small-diameter side end of the conical casing 7 is opened, and a heavy material discharge port 18 (corresponding to the first discharge port in the claims) is formed. On the inner peripheral surface of the conical casing 7, for example, two air nozzles 8, 8 for ejecting compressed air, for example, are provided at symmetrical positions on the circumference along the inner peripheral surface near the end portion on the small diameter side. The air nozzles 8 are connected to a compressor or the like (not shown).
[0032]
A discharge casing 9 is provided on the upper part (large diameter side) of the conical casing 7. As shown in FIG. 2, the discharge casing 9 has a diameter D (hereinafter simply referred to as a diameter D) having a curvature equal to or larger than the diameter D ′ on the large diameter side of the conical casing 7. The side of the discharge casing 9 is provided with a light weight discharge port 19 (corresponding to the second discharge port in claims). The lightweight object discharge port 19 is connected to the light object discharge duct 4.
[0033]
The upper cover 9a of the discharge casing 9 is formed with an input port 20 through which an object to be separated is input. The inlet 20 has a substantially circular shape, and its center is substantially disposed on the center line of the conical casing 7. A tapered input hood 10 for guiding the object to be separated to the input port 20 is provided at the periphery of the input port 20 of the upper lid 9a.
[0034]
The opening area of the inlet 20, that is, the diameter d of the inlet (hereinafter simply referred to as the diameter d) is extremely important. In other words, it is better as it is larger than the flow of the object to be separated, but if it is too large, air is ejected from the inlet 20 and the object to be separated is scattered. For this reason, generally, a so-called batch process in which a hatch (not shown) is provided in the lower portion of the input hood 10 and the process is performed intermittently is common. However, in this case, the processing amount is reduced, and a complicated mechanism is added, so that the cost is increased, and the complicated mechanism causes a failure. For this reason, the continuous charging method is ideal. The present inventor tackled this problem and discovered a phenomenon in which when the inlet 20 is small, air is not sucked out from the inlet 20 and sucked in reverse. The diameter d of the inlet at which this phenomenon occurs is related to the diameter D of the upper lid 9a of the discharge casing 9, and is small enough to allow upward jetting up to about 2/3 of the diameter D of the upper lid 9a. This was confirmed by experiments. However, in order not to pollute the outside air, it is better to suck in the outside air, and about 1/3 of the diameter D of the upper lid 9a is desirable. In consideration of dropping the object to be separated into the conical casing 7, the diameter d of the inlet 20 must be smaller than the diameter D ′ of the upper part of the conical casing 7. As for the relationship between the diameter D ′ of the upper part of the conical casing 7 and the diameter D of the discharge casing 9, D ′: D is preferably about 1: 1 to 1: 1.3.
[0035]
A substantially cylindrical inner cylinder 13 having a lid 12 is provided inside the conical casing 7. The lid 12 is formed in, for example, a conical shape or a bowl shape so that the input material is scattered as uniformly as possible in the direction of the inner wall of the conical casing 7. The shape of the lid is not particularly limited, and may be formed on an inclined surface as described later. The inner cylinder 13 is preferably provided on the center line of the conical casing 7.
[0036]
Next, a method of using the vortex air flow separation device 2 of the present invention will be described in the case of using coarse garbage, construction waste or the like as a separation target. In general, bulky garbage, construction waste, etc., crushed by a crushing apparatus are sized by a trommel or the like. Of these, the fine residue (generally 10 mm under) is often landfilled mainly because of earth and sand. However, this residue also contains combustible materials such as wood pieces and plastic pieces. In the case of landfill, the ratio of combustible materials mixed in is restricted.
[0037]
These remaining wastes are fed into the vortex air flow separation device 2 from the loading hood 10 by the loading conveyor 1. These collide with the lid 12 and are scattered toward the inner wall of the conical casing 7. A swirling flow is generated upward in the gap between the inner cylinder 13 and the conical casing 7 by the air ejected from the nozzle 8. Of the remaining waste that has been thrown in, the light matter 3 is discharged from the light matter discharge duct 4 in a swirling flow. On the other hand, the heavy material falls as it is, and is discharged from the heavy material discharge port onto the heavy material transport conveyor 6 through the gap between the conical casing 7 and the inner cylinder 13.
[0038]
The sorting purity of the light object 3 and the heavy object 5 can be adjusted by the speed and amount of air ejected from the nozzle 8. For example, increasing the purity of the light article 3 can be achieved by reducing the amount of air from the nozzle 8. At this time, the purity on the heavy material 5 side decreases.
[0039]
4 and 5 show the vortex air flow separation device 2 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In this vortex air flow separation device 2, the discharge casing 9 and the conical casing 7 are stacked in two stages up and down. The upper discharge casing 9 has an input port 20 and an input hood 10 in the upper lid 9a as in the case of the discharge casing of the first embodiment. The discharge casing 9 has a diameter larger than the diameter of the conical casing 7 on the large diameter side, and has a light weight discharge port 19 on the side surface. The diameter of the inlet 20 is set to about 2/3 or less of the diameter of the discharge casing 9.
[0040]
The upper-side conical casing 7 also has the same configuration as the conical casing in the first embodiment, and a plurality of jets of air are ejected along the conical inner peripheral surface and the vicinity of the small-diameter end of the inner peripheral surface. Nozzles 8 and 8 are provided. An intermediate port 21 on the small diameter side of the upper cone casing 7 communicates with the lower discharge casing 9.
[0041]
The lower discharge casing 9 has the same configuration as the upper discharge casing 9 except that the intermediate port 21 communicates with the upper conical casing 7.
[0042]
The lower-side conical casing 7 has the same configuration as that of the conical casing in the first embodiment, and the lower heavy article discharge port 18 is opened.
[0043]
A substantially cylindrical inner cylinder 13 provided inside the conical casing 7 extends from the upper conical casing to the lower casing.
[0044]
The vortex air flow separation device of this embodiment is used to sort the objects to be separated into three or more types such as light, medium and heavy. By stacking the discharge casing 9 and the conical casing 7 in a plurality of stages up and down and reducing the amount of ejection of the upper nozzle 8 from the lower stage, for example, lighter paper, film, etc., medium quality, such as wood chips, heavy material, such as earth and sand Three types of sorting are possible. Further, if the ejection amount of the upper nozzle 8 is made equal to the ejection amount of the lower nozzle 8, the light component that has fallen without being completely sorted in the upper stage can be sorted again in the lower stage. For this reason, for example, light, light and heavy can be separated by increasing the purity.
[0045]
6 to 8 show other examples of the inner cylinder 13 provided in the conical casing 7. 6 is a horizontal sectional view of another example in which the inner cylinder 13 is installed, FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 6, and FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the inner cylinder 13. In this example, the lid 12 is inclined so that the object to be separated that has collided with the lid 12 of the inner cylinder 13 falls on the opposite side 7 a of the conical casing 7 from the light-weight outlet 19 formed in the discharge casing 9. A surface is formed. The inclined surface of the lid is formed like a valley. In addition, on the light object discharge port 19 side formed in the discharge casing 9 between the lid 12 and the upper cover 9 a of the discharge casing, the object to be separated input from the input port 20 is discharged from the light object discharge port 19. A wall 12a is provided to prevent this. The wall 12a is connected from the lid to the upper lid 9a of the discharge casing 9.
[0046]
By forming the inclined surface on the lid 12, the object to be crushed which collides with the lid 12 is scattered in all directions, and the object to be crushed is prevented from being discharged as it is from the light-weight outlet 19 without being separated. The pulverized material is once dropped into the conical casing 7. Thereby, the selection purity can be improved. Further, by forming the wall 12 a on the lid 12, it is possible to prevent the object to be separated from being dropped from the charging port 20 from being directly discharged by the vortex in the discharge casing 9.
[0047]
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, the compressed air ejected from the nozzle may not be sent from the compressor or may be sent from a blower. At this time, it is desirable to apply a medium pressure type or a high pressure type blower. Moreover, it is necessary to optimize the shape of a nozzle by the air blower to apply. Further, the number of nozzles may be one, but it is desirable to arrange a plurality of nozzles at symmetrical positions on the circumference.
[0048]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the vortex air flow separation device can be continuously charged, the processing amount can be greatly improved, and the passage of the vortex air flow is restricted to reduce the necessary air flow by less than half compared with the conventional one. I was able to. In addition, it was possible to select three types by using a two-stage configuration. Furthermore, since it has been significantly reduced in size compared to the most popular vertical wind sorter, it can be easily incorporated into the subsequent transfer process of existing crushers.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a vortex air flow separating apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a horizontal sectional view of the vortex air flow separating apparatus.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a horizontal sectional view of a vortex air flow separation device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE of FIG.
FIG. 6 is a horizontal sectional view showing another example of the inner cylinder.
7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing another example of the inner cylinder.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a conventional vertical wind sorter.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing a conventional horizontal wind sorter.
FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing a conventional vortex air flow separation device.
[Explanation of symbols]
2 ... Eddy current separator 7 ... Conical casing 8 ... Air nozzle (nozzle)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 9 ... Discharge casing 10 ... Input hood 20 ... Input port 12 ... Cover 13 ... Inner cylinder 18 ... Heavy load discharge port (1st discharge port)
19 ... Lightweight outlet (second outlet)

Claims (5)

A conical casing having an inner peripheral surface of a lower narrow frustoconical shape and a first discharge port communicating with a small diameter side of the inner peripheral surface; provided on the large diameter side of the conical casing; A discharge casing having a diameter equal to or larger than the diameter and having a second discharge port on a side surface; a discharge port provided in the discharge casing and into which an object to be separated is charged; and gas along the inner peripheral surface of the conical shape At least one or a plurality of nozzles for ejecting the nozzle, the center of the inlet is substantially disposed on the center line of the inner peripheral surface of the conical shape, and the diameter of the inlet is about the diameter of the discharge casing. In the vortex separation device that is less than two-thirds,
The vortex air flow separating apparatus , wherein the discharge casing and the conical casing are stacked in a plurality of stages so that the objects to be separated input from the input port can be separated into at least three types . A conical casing having an inner peripheral surface of a lower narrow frustoconical shape and a first discharge port communicating with a small diameter side of the inner peripheral surface; provided on the large diameter side of the conical casing; A discharge casing having a diameter equal to or larger than the diameter and having a second discharge port on a side surface; a discharge port provided in the discharge casing and into which an object to be separated is charged; and gas along the inner peripheral surface of the conical shape And an at least one or more nozzles for ejecting the gas, and an inner cylinder with a lid provided inside the conical casing . The inclined surface is formed on the lid so that an object to be separated that has collided with the lid falls to a side of the conical casing opposite to the second discharge port. Eddy current separator. On the second outlet side between the lid and the inlet, there is provided a wall for preventing an object to be separated input from the inlet from being discharged from the second outlet. The vortex air flow separation device according to claim 3, wherein 5. The discharge casing and the conical casing are stacked in a plurality of stages so that the articles to be separated input from the input port can be separated into at least three types. 5. Eddy current separator.

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