JP2001029893A - Sorter by spiral air flow - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To surely sort bags and films from cans, bottles, plastic bottles, and the like, with a small flow rate of air without need for a large-scale mechanical system. SOLUTION: A conical inner periphery 11a and a feed port 3 communicating with the large-diameter side of the inner periphery 11a are formed in a casing 7 of this device, and a couple of nozzles 8 are provided to jet a fluid along the inner periphery 11a. When compressed air is blown into the nozzles 8, high- speed air is jetted from the nozzles 8 along the inner periphery 11a of the casing 7. This air an upward velocity component due to the effect of a vertical angle opened upward, and hence a spiral air flow is formed toward the feed port 3. The bag and films 9 likely to be affected by a wind in the refuse charged from the port 3 and dropped in the casing 7 are subjected to the upward buoyancy and centrifugal force due to rotation by the spiral air flow generated in the casing 7. Meanwhile, cans, bottles, plastic bottles, and the like, 10 having a high bulk density are not affected by the air flow and dropped by gravity.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a separating apparatus for separating broken bags and films such as garbage bags collected from households from bottles, cans, plastic bottles and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Valuables such as cans, bottles and plastic bottles are packed in garbage bags and sent to a recycling plant. In a recycling plant, a rubber bag packing valuables is broken, and trash bags, cans, bottles, plastic bottles, and the like after the break are sorted and collected. Conventionally, the separation of the garbage bags after the breakage of the bags has been performed manually, but the following is known as a separation bag removing apparatus that automatically separates the garbage bags.

[0003] The broken bag is sent to a rotating drum composed of a pipe surrounding the bag, the bag inside is hooked on a pipe hook and lifted, the bag is blown down into a tray on the upper side, and the bag on the tray is sucked by a blower. Bag removing device (JP-A-9-96)
No. 6).

[0004] The bag after the bag is broken is hooked by a rotating brush having elastic hooks around the bag, scraped up, and the bag is sucked by a blower and collected by a cyclone dust collector (see JP-A-9-24916). ).

[0005] The belt-conveyor conveys the dust mixed with the broken bags, drops the dust at the end point of the conveyor, and jets an airflow from below onto the dropped dust with a nozzle header to separate the bags. Wind separation device (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 10-24)
9282).

At the bottom of the bag breaking wheel of the bag breaking device, a bag removing screen is provided which rotates at the same speed in the same direction as the bag breaking wheel. Bag removing device that presses a bag that has been torn by the rotational force of a wheel against a bag removing screen and separates the bag pressed against the bag removing screen with a collecting chute (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-203).
No. 515).

[0007]

However, in the above bag removing apparatus, a large amount of mechanical system is required for hooking the bag on the hook and lifting the bag, and a large capacity for sucking the bag by the air flow. A suction blower is required.

[0008] Even in the above bag removing device, the mechanical system is large in size for hooking the bag on the elastic hook and scraping the bag, and a large capacity for sucking the bag with the air flow. A suction blower is required.

[0009] In the above-mentioned wind separation device,
There is a risk that the bags cannot be separated reliably.

Further, even in the above bag removing apparatus, a large amount of mechanical system is required for pressing the bag against the bag removing screen and collecting the bag with the collecting chute.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a sorting apparatus capable of reliably separating bags, films, and the like from cans, bottles, plastic bottles, and the like with a small air flow without having a large-scale mechanical system. I do.

[0012]

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described. In addition, in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are added in parentheses, but the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment.

To solve the above problems, the present inventor has
Generating a spiral air flow inside the casing (7);
The present invention has been found that the bag and the film to be separated are separated by applying buoyancy and centrifugal force to the bag and the film to be separated by this air flow. Specifically, a conical inner peripheral surface (11
a) and a casing (7) having an input port (3) communicating with the large diameter side of the inner peripheral surface (11a), and at least one nozzle (7) for jetting gas along the inner peripheral surface (11a). The above-mentioned problem has been solved by a vortex airflow separation device (1) characterized by comprising (8). Here, in addition to air, nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, or the like can be used as the gas. In particular, when there is a request for explosion-proof, etc., nitrogen gas,
Use carbon dioxide or the like. Generally, they are easily available,
Use inexpensive compressed air.

When compressed air is blown into the nozzle (8), high-speed air is blown from the nozzle (8) along the inner peripheral surface (11a) of the casing. This air has an upward velocity component due to the effect of the upwardly opening apex (α), resulting in a spiral airflow toward the inlet (3). Among the refuse that is thrown in from the inlet (3) and falls in the casing (7), the bag and the film (9) that are easily affected by the wind rise upward due to the spiral airflow generated in the casing (7). Receives buoyancy and centrifugal force due to rotation.
In addition, cans, bottles, plastic bottles with large bulk specific gravity (10)
Fall naturally without being affected by this air flow.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the vortex air separation device (1) according to the first aspect, the casing (7) has a discharge port (4) communicating with a small diameter side of the inner peripheral surface (11a). 5) and the inner peripheral surface (1
It has a sorting port (4) communicating with 1a).

According to the present invention, the bag and the film (9) inserted from the input port (3) are centrifugally applied to the inner peripheral surface (11).
a) so as to be pressed against it. And it is discharged from the sorting port (4) provided on the side surface of the casing (7). In addition, cans, bottles, plastic bottles with large bulk specific gravity (10)
Falls naturally from the outlet (5). in this way,
The provision of the separation port (4) and the discharge port (5) enables continuous separation of the separation target.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the vortex air separation device (1) according to the first or second aspect, the nozzle (8) is attached to a center axis (13) of the inner peripheral surface (11a). It is characterized in that a plurality thereof are provided on the same circumference in a plane orthogonal to the surface, at intervals in the circumferential direction.

According to the present invention, a stable vortex can be generated inside the casing (5), and the separation becomes smooth.

[0019]

FIG. 1 shows an eddy current type separation apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. When recyclable garbage containing cans, bottles, plastic bottles, broken bags, and the like is mixed from the charging conveyor 2 to the charging port 3 of the vortex type separation apparatus 1, the bags and the film 9 are separated and discharged from the separation port 4. The cans, bottles, and plastic bottles 10 which are solids pass through the vortex-type separation device 1 and are discharged from the discharge port 5 and fall onto a conveyor 6 arranged below. This vortex type separation device 1
Is provided with a casing 7 having an inner peripheral surface 11a formed in a conical shape, and a pair of nozzles 8 for jetting air along the inner peripheral surface 11a.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the casing 7 communicates with a conical portion 11 having an inner peripheral surface 11a whose diameter gradually increases from the lower end to the upper end, and a small diameter side of the conical portion 11. , A cover plate 12 connected to the upper end of the conical portion 11, a separation port 4 provided on a side surface of the cover plate 12, and an inner peripheral surface 11a provided on an upper surface of the cover plate 12. And an inlet 3 communicating with the radial side.

The conical portion 11 is manufactured by bending a plate material into a conical shape. The apex angle α of the inner peripheral surface 11a of the conical portion 11 is set to about 5 degrees to 30 degrees. Apex angle α is 0
When the inner peripheral surface 11a is made to be cylindrical, the vortex does not have an upward velocity component and turns only on the cylindrical inner peripheral surface, so that the effect of floating the bag and the film 9 becomes difficult. The height of the conical part 11 depends on the height of the bag, film 9
The centrifugal force is exerted by the vortex, and the bag and the film 9 are set to be surely separated.

The upper end of the conical portion 11 is connected to the cover plate 12. The cover plate 12 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape having a diameter larger than the upper end of the conical portion 11, and a bag rotating in the cover plate and a sorting port 4 formed to discharge the film 9 in a tangential direction are formed on the side surfaces thereof. Is done. The size of the sorting port 4 is set so that the bag and the film 9 are not caught. The turning bag and the film 9 are discharged from the sorting port 4 by centrifugal force. In this embodiment, the end of the separation port 4 is open, but a suction duct (not shown) is connected to the separation port 4, the sucked bag and the film 9 are pulled by the suction duct, and the dust is collected by a cyclone (not shown) or the like. You may. In this case, the blower connected to the suction duct is auxiliary, and it is not necessary to prepare a large-capacity blower.

The inlet 3 provided on the upper surface of the cover plate 12 has a circular cross section, and has a diameter equal to or larger than the conveying width of the input conveyor 2 so that all dust on the input conveyor 2 can be input. It is desirable that the dust should be thrown into the inner peripheral surface 11a instead of the center of the inner peripheral surface 11a so as to be easily affected by the spiral air flow.

The outlet 5 is provided at the lower end of the conical portion 11,
It has a circular cross section. The opening width of the discharge port 5 is set to, for example, 300 mm or more in accordance with the transport width of the transport conveyor 6. From the conveyor surface of the conveyor 6 to the outlet 5
Is set to, for example, 150 mm or more so as not to hinder the passage of cans, bottles, plastic bottles, and the like.

On the discharge port 5 side of the conical portion 11, an inner peripheral surface 11 is provided.
A pair of nozzles 8 for ejecting air along a are provided. The pair of nozzles 8 are equally spaced in the circumferential direction on the same circumference in a plane perpendicular to the central axis 13 of the inner circumferential surface 11a, in this case, at 180 ° intervals, and in the same direction (for example, a clock). Around). Compressed air is sent to the nozzle 8 from a compressor or the like, and high-speed air is ejected. Here, the buoyancy and the centrifugal force applied to the bag and the film 9 depend on the flow rate rather than the air flow rate. Therefore, in order to increase the buoyancy and the centrifugal force, it is desirable to crush the tip of the nozzle 8 and increase the flow velocity. The nozzle 8 is horizontally arranged so as to eject air having a horizontal velocity component, but may be arranged with its tip slightly inclined upward so that the ejected air has an upward velocity component. Good. Although two nozzles 8 are provided, the number of nozzles is not limited to two, and may be one or two or more. This nozzle 8
Is determined by the size, bulk specific gravity and the like of the object to be separated.

As shown in FIG. 1, recyclable garbage such as bottles, cans, plastic bottles and the like are broken into bags by a bag breaking device or the like (not shown), and a mixture of bottles, cans, plastic bottles, bags, and films 9 is provided. It is transported on the input conveyor 2 as garbage. The garbage to be separated is thrown into the inlet 3 from one end of the feeding conveyor 2. When compressed air is blown into the nozzle 8, high-speed air is blown from the nozzle 8 along the inner peripheral surface 11 a of the casing 7. This air has an upward velocity component due to the effect of the upwardly opening apex angle α, and as a result, forms a spiral airflow toward the inlet 3. Among the garbage falling in the casing 7, the bag and the film 9 which are easily affected by the wind receive the upward buoyancy and the centrifugal force due to the rotation by the spiral air flow, and are pressed against the inner peripheral surface 11a by the centrifugal force. To rise. Then, the liquid is reliably discharged from the sorting port 4 provided on the side surface of the casing 7. Also, cans with large bulk specific gravity,
The bottle and the plastic bottle 10 naturally fall from the outlet 5 through the casing 7.

The collected bag and film 9 are separated by specific gravity and granulated into granules of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and polypropylene. When performing the separation based on the specific gravity, the sorting accuracy can be greatly improved by uniforming the particle size by crushing and sieving before putting into the present apparatus. Further, the cans and the like are sorted and separated from the steel cans by electromagnetic force, and then separated into bottles, aluminum cans, and plastic bottles by wind force sorting. Bottles are separated by color, and aluminum cans and plastic bottles are separated from each other by induced electromagnetic force. Furthermore, plastic bottles are sorted by material.

The vortex air separation apparatus 1 of the present invention is most suitable for separating bag-based dust, that is, bags and films, and hard-based dust, such as cans, bottles, and plastic bottles. In addition, some garbage includes a mixture of plastic bottles, toys, and broken bags.
When separating such dust without cracks, it is not necessary to consider bottle breakage due to the impact of falling, so that the vortex air separation device 1 of the present invention can be optimally applied.

Further, when a plurality of vortex air separation devices of the present invention are arranged in series, for example, in two stages or three stages, and the wind speed of the air flow is changed by each vortex air separation device, a plurality of separation objects having different bulk specific gravities are obtained. Can be separated individually.

In the above embodiment, the eddy current separation apparatus of the present invention is used as a bag removing apparatus for separating bags and films from trash mixed with bottles, cans, plastic bottles, bags, and films. For example, construction that separates non-combustible materials such as sand and stone from combustible materials such as wood chips and vinyl sheets in construction mixed waste by optimizing the size and wind speed of the eddy current suction device without being limited to the device. The present invention can also be applied to a waste material sorting apparatus. By separating construction waste, it is possible to prevent more than 5% of combustibles from being mixed into sand and stone to be landfilled. In addition, various kinds of separation such as separation of a light-weight material such as a sponge in a car shredder and a heavy-weight material such as a hardened plastic can be performed.

[0031]

Example: Outlet diameter 400 mm, casing height 6
At 00 mm, the apex angle α was changed, and it was tested whether the bag and the film introduced from the inlet could be separated. As a result,
When the apex angle is 15 degrees and air is blown from the nozzle at a wind speed of 80 m / s, the bag, film and plastic bottle are almost
0% separation was possible. The apex angle is preferably about 15 degrees,
A similar effect can be expected from degrees to 30 degrees. The number of nozzles may be one, but if two nozzles are arranged at target positions on the circumference, smooth sorting can be realized.

[0032]

As described above, according to the present invention,
The vortex airflow separation device includes a conical inner peripheral surface, a casing having an inlet communicating with a large-diameter side of the inner peripheral surface, and at least one nozzle that ejects gas along the inner peripheral surface. did. When compressed air is blown into the nozzle, high-speed air is blown from the nozzle along the inner peripheral surface of the casing. This air has an upward velocity component due to the effect of the upwardly opening apex angle, resulting in a spiral airflow toward the inlet. The garbage to be separated is thrown in from the slot. Among the garbage falling in the casing, bags, films, and the like, which are easily affected by the wind, are subjected to upward buoyancy and centrifugal force due to rotation by a spiral air flow generated in the casing. Further, cans, bottles, and plastic bottles having a large bulk specific gravity fall naturally without being affected by the air flow.

As described above, it is possible to separate valuable materials such as bags, films and cans, plastic bottles and the like, and to separate mixtures having different shapes and bulk densities with an extremely low air flow and a very simple apparatus. In addition, since it is a simple device, it can be easily incorporated into a transfer process after an existing bag breaking machine.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a vortex airflow separation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the eddy current separation device.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vortex air separation apparatus 3 Input port 4 Separation port 5 Outlet 7 Casing 8 Nozzle 11a Inner peripheral surface

Claims (3)

[Claims] A casing having a conical inner peripheral surface, an inlet communicating with a large diameter side of the inner peripheral surface, and at least one nozzle for jetting gas along the inner peripheral surface. A vortex air separation device characterized by the above-mentioned. 2. The casing according to claim 1, wherein the casing has a discharge port communicating with a small-diameter side of the inner peripheral surface, and has a separation port communicating with the inner peripheral surface on a side surface of the casing. A vortex flow separation device as described. 3. The nozzle according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the nozzles are provided on the same circumference in a plane perpendicular to a center axis of the inner peripheral surface at intervals in a circumferential direction. 4. The vortex air separation device according to item 1.