JP3666830B2 - Hydraulic regeneration circuit for hydraulic machine - Google Patents

Hydraulic regeneration circuit for hydraulic machine Download PDF

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JP3666830B2
JP3666830B2 JP18685796A JP18685796A JP3666830B2 JP 3666830 B2 JP3666830 B2 JP 3666830B2 JP 18685796 A JP18685796 A JP 18685796A JP 18685796 A JP18685796 A JP 18685796A JP 3666830 B2 JP3666830 B2 JP 3666830B2
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pressure
hydraulic
valve
direction switching
downstream
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JPH1018357A (en
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知秀 濱田
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Komatsu Ltd
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Komatsu Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、油圧ショベル等の油圧機械に搭載され、アクチュエータからの戻油をアクチュエータに強制的に再供給できる油圧機械の油圧再生回路に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
油圧機械の油圧回路には、自然の力等を利用して油圧馬力を低減させる再生回路を有するものがある。詳しくは次の通り。
【0003】
例えば油圧ショベルは、例えば図2に示すように、下部走行体72に旋回可能に上部旋回体71を搭載すると共に、上部旋回体71にエンジン等の駆動源、運転室73及び作業機を搭載している。作業機は一例として、上部旋回体71に対して起伏自在に装着されたブーム74と、ブーム74の先端に揺動自在に装着されたアーム75と、アーム75の先端に揺動自在に装着されたバケット76とを有する。そしてブーム74、アーム75、バケット76は夫々、ブームシリンダ46、アームシリンダ26、バケットシリンダ77等のアクチュエータによって起伏自在又は揺動自在とされている。
【0004】
かかる油圧機械の油圧再生回路としては例えば図3が知られる。尚、同図は、上記油圧ショベルの全体油圧回路からバケットシリンダ77、旋回用油圧モータ等の油圧回路を省き、説明用として再編成したものである。以下、この油圧再生回路を基本回路と再生回路とに分け説明する。
【0005】
基本回路は、アームシリンダ26とブームシリンダ46との夫々のメータイン側に設けたクローズドセンタ式方向切換弁23、43を有する。さらにこれら方向切換弁23、43の上流側油圧(即ち、油圧ポンプ1の吐出圧PP )と、下流側油圧PLS1 、PLS2 との夫々の差圧ΔPが一定となるように、吐出量を制御された可変容量形の油圧ポンプ1とを有する。さらにアクチュエータ26、46の夫々のメータアウト側27、47に圧力補償弁29、49を有する。これら圧力補償弁29、49は、方向切換弁23、43の同時操作時、例えば当初の油圧PLS1 、PLS2 が「PLS1 <PLS2 」であるとき、直ちに、油圧PLS1 が油圧PLS2 に昇圧するまで、低圧側(油圧PLS1 )のアームシリンダ26のメータアウト側27を絞る機能を有している。
【0006】
ところでアクチュエータへの油量Qは、オペレータの操作によって作動する方向切換弁の開口面積Aと、方向切換弁の前後差圧ΔPの平方根との乗算値に比例する(Q∝A・ΔP1/2 )。
【0007】
即ち、上記基本回路は、上記した通り、差圧ΔPを一定制御されるため、アクチュエータへの油量Qが、アクチュエータの負荷の大小に係わりなく、開口面積Aの変化に比例する(Q∝A)。
【0008】
しかも各方向切換弁23、43は圧力補償弁29、49を有し、各圧力補償弁29、49の機能によって各方向切換弁23、43の下流側油圧PLS1 、PLS2 の内、高い油圧側で同値化(PLS1 =PLS2 となる)される。そこ上、上記の通り、油圧ポンプ1は差圧ΔPが一定となるように吐出量を制御される。このため、各アクチュエータ26、46への流量Q1 、Q2 も、各アクチュエータ26、46の負荷の大小に係わりなく、各方向切換弁23、43の開口面積A1 、A2 の変化に比例する(Q1 ∝A1 、Q2 ∝A2 、Q=(Q1 +Q2 ))。尚、上記符号ΔP、Q1 、Q2 、A1 、A2 は本文説明用であって図示されていない。
【0009】
再生回路は、上記基本回路において、次のように構成される。アームシリンダ26の戻り管路27での方向切換弁23と圧力補償弁29との間の戻り管路27aと、油圧ポンプ1からチェック弁22を介して方向切換弁23に至る管路21における前記チェック弁22の下流側とが管路39で連結されている。そして管路39は、戻り管路27aから管路21に向けて流通するチェック弁38を備えている。詳しくは次の通り。
【0010】
操作レバー31と操作レバー51とを同時操作(複合操作)してアームシリンダ26とブームシリンダ46とを同時作動(複合作動)させると、管路5、6、13をこの順で経た油圧ポンプ1からの吐出油圧PP は、LS減圧弁14によって方向切換弁23の下流側の油圧PLS1 と同じ圧力に変化する(即ち、LS減圧弁14の下流側管路15の油圧が油圧PLS1 となる)。一方、管路5、40、56をこの順で経た吐出油圧PP も、LS減圧弁55によって方向切換弁43の下流側の油圧PLS2 と同じ圧力に変化する(即ち、LS減圧弁55の下流側管路57の油圧も油圧PLS2 となる)。そして管路15、57に設けた流量制御弁7(詳細は後述する)に向けて流通するチェック弁17、59によって、またこれらチェック弁17、59の下流側が互いに管路61で接続されているため、両油圧PLS1 、PLS2 の内、いずれか高い側の油圧が両圧力補償弁29、49の図示左側に作用し、上記の通り、直ちに低圧側が高圧側まで昇圧するまで、低圧側のアクチュエータのメータアウト側を絞る。尚、油圧PLS1 、PLS2 をチェック弁17、59の上流側に直接導く方式では、前記管路13、56及びLS減圧弁14、55は無くても構わない。
【0011】
以下、上記従来の油圧再生回路の理解を早めるため、圧力補償弁29を図示右位置に維持するためのバネ29cの付勢力を省略して説明する。
【0012】
仮に複合操作時での当初油圧PLS1 、PLS2 の大小関係を「PLS1 <PLS2 」とすると、圧力補償弁29は、上記の通り、油圧PLS1 を油圧PLS2 まで昇圧させるが、そのため本例での圧力補償弁29、49は、オリフィス29aを有する図示左位置と、単なるタンクへ30へのドレン通路である図示右位置とを有する。即ち圧力補償弁29の左側には高い側の油圧PLS2 が導かれ、この油圧PLS2 によって圧力補償弁29が左位置となると、アームシリンダ26からの戻油がオリフィス29aで絞られるため、戻り管路27aの戻油の油圧PH ′が昇圧する(尚、上記した通り、油圧PLS1 も油圧PLS2 となるまで昇圧する)。そして油圧PH ′がチェック弁22の下流側の油圧PB ′よりも大きくなったとき(PH ′>PB ′)、アームシリンダ26のヘッド側からの戻油の一部が管路39のチェック弁38を経て管路21に流入し、アームシリンダ26のボトム側に強制的に再供給される。即ち、油圧強制再生回路となっている。
【0013】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記従来の油圧機械の油圧再生回路には、次のような問題がある。
【0014】
(1)第1に、上記強制再生が生じても、基本回路は、方向切換弁23の前後差圧ΔPが一定となるように制御されているため、強制再生油の分だけ油圧ポンプ1の吐出量が減るだけで、方向切換弁23を経てアームシリンダ26のボトム側に流れ込む量は変化しない。即ち油圧ポンプ1にとって省エネとはなるが、アームシリンダ26に対しては流量増加とはならない。このため肝心の作業速度が向上しない。
【0015】
(2)第2に、複合操作でも「PLS1 >PLS2 」時は、圧力補償弁29は図示右方に移動せず、バネ29cの付勢力によってオリフィスの無い右位置を維持するため、「PH ′>PB ′」とならず、従って強制再生が生じない。
【0016】
(3)第3に、操作レバー31の単独操作では、圧力補償弁29が右方に全く移動せず、バネ29cの付勢力によってオリフィスの無い右位置を維持するだけであるため、上記(2)と同様、圧力補償弁29はオリフィスの無い図示右位置を維持して「PH ′>PB ′」とはならず、従って強制再生が生じない。
【0017】
上記問題点(1)〜(3)を具体的に説明する。例えばアーム75を前方に水平とした姿勢から、アームシリンダ26を伸ばすことによって運転室73側に引戻すと、アームシリンダ26のボトム側はアーム75の自重(即ち、前記「自然の力」)によって負圧となる。このような負圧状態では、上記チェック弁38は単なる真空防止弁であり、上記管路39も単に吸込み管路となる。即ち、強制的に戻油を再生させるものではない。つまり上記従来技術は、前述した通り、複合操作における「PLS2 >PLS1 」の場合にのみ、強制再生の効果が得られる。
【0018】
本発明は、上記従来技術の問題点に鑑み、総ての場合において強制再生でき、しかも従来技術のように、油圧ポンプの省エネとしてではなく、アクチュエータに対して強制再生でき、これにより作業効率を高めることのできる油圧機械の油圧再生回路を提供することを目的とする。
【0019】
【課題を解決するための手段および効果】
上記目的を達成するため、本発明に係る油圧機械の油圧再生回路は、例えば図 1を参照して説明すれば、アクチュエータ26、46のメータイン側に設けたクローズドセンタ式方向切換弁23、43と、
前記方向切換弁23、43の上流側油圧と下流側油圧との差圧ΔPが一定となるように、吐出量を制御された可変容量形油圧ポンプ1と、
アクチュエータ26のメータアウト側に設けた圧力補償弁28であり、かつ前記アクチュータ26に対する方向切換弁23の下流側油圧PLS1 と、他のアクチュエータ46に対する方向切換弁43の下流側油圧PLS2 とを受け、前記アクチュータ26に対する方向切換弁23の下流側油圧PLS1 が各下流側油圧PLS1 、PLS2 の内の高い方の油圧となるように、前記アクチュエータ26のメータアウト側の油圧を高める圧力補償弁28とを有する油圧機械の油圧回路において、
圧力補償弁28の上流側の分岐点から分岐して方向切換弁23の下流側に接続された管路37であり、かつ内部に方向切換弁23の下流側に向けて流通するチェック弁38を有する管路37と、
前記分岐点から圧力補償弁28までの間と、圧力補償弁28の下流側と、圧力補償弁28の内部との少なくとも一箇所に設けたオリフィス28bとを有することを特徴としている。
【0020】
上記構成によれば、単独操作及び複合操作に係わらず、オリフィス28bでアクチュエータ26のメータアウト側を常時絞っている。このためメータアウト側を昇圧できる。そしてメータアウト側の油圧が方向切換弁23の下流側よりも高い場合、メータアウト側の圧油は方向切換弁23の下流側に流れ込んでアクチュエータ26に流入する(即ち、強制再生が生ずる)。しかもこの強制再生に基づく流量は、基本回路における方向切換弁23の前後差圧ΔPが一定となる制御に基づく油圧ポンプ1からの流量とは全く無関係であるから、方向切換弁23本来の流量と合流し、アクチュエータ26に最適流量の圧油を供給する。つまり作業速度を向上させることができる。またオリフィス28bは、単独操作及び複合操作に無関係で存在するため、従来技術のように、適用条件がなく、総ての場合に適用できる。尚、チェック弁38が真空防止作用を有することは勿論である。
【0021】
【発明の実施の形態および実施例】
次に、事例を図1を参照し説明する。図1は、本事例を備えた油圧ショベルの油圧再生回路の一部である。尚、図1の基本回路は、前記図3の基本回路と同じである。従って同じ要素には同一符号を附し、重複説明を省略する。
【0022】
先ず、前述した基本回路を補足説明しておく。同図において、図示しない駆動源によって駆動される可変容量形の油圧ポンプ1は、サーボシンダ2のピストンロッドに連結され、ピストンに作用する圧油によって斜軸角又は斜板角が変化し、これによって吐出流量を可変とされている。
【0023】
サーボシリンダ2には、油圧ポンプ1の吐出圧PP を受けて油圧ポンプ1の吐出量を増量側に作動させるヘッド側と、制御弁3とオリフィス4とをこの順で経た油圧ポンプ1の吐出圧PP を受けて油圧ポンプ1の吐出量を減少側に作動させるボトム側とを有する。
【0024】
制御弁3は、減圧弁10を経た油圧源9からの油圧と、アンロード弁を兼ねる流量制御弁7からの油圧と、油圧ポンプ1の吐出圧PP とをパイロット圧として受け、これらパイロット圧に応じて油圧ポンプ1からの吐出油をサーボシリンダ2のボトム側に流す機能を有する。尚、減圧弁10は、油圧ポンプ1の油圧馬力を一定化するトルク可変制御装置(TVC)からの信号を受けて油圧ポンプ1の油圧馬力が一定化するように、油圧源9から油圧を調整し、この調整済み油圧をパイロット圧として制御弁3に供給する。
【0025】
流量制御弁7は、図示左側に管路5、6、11及びオリフィス12をこの順で経た油圧ポンプ1の吐出圧PP を受け、一方図示右側に付勢バネ7aを有すると共に方向切換弁23、43の下流側油圧PLS1 、PLS2 のいずれか高い側の油圧PLSを受ける。そして「PP ≧(PLS+バネ力)」であるときは、左位置に切換わって吐出圧PP をパイロット圧として制御弁3に与え、油圧ポンプ1の吐出油量を減らす。一方「PP <(PLS+バネ力)」であるときは、右位置を維持する(従って油圧ポンプ1の吐出油量は増量側となっている)。ここで油圧ポンプ1の吐出圧PP と、油圧PLSとは互いに変量であるためこれらの値を特定できないが、バネ力は定数である。即ち仮に、アクチュエータの負荷PLSが増して「PP <(PLS+バネ力)」となると、流量制御弁7は右位置を維持し、油圧ポンプ1の吐出量を増加させる。すると、この増加に伴って吐出圧PP が高くなり、「PP ≧(PLS+バネ力)」となる。すると、流量制御弁7は直ちに右位置から左位置に切換わって吐出圧PP によって油圧ポンプ1の吐出量を減少させる。そしてこの減少に伴って吐出圧PP が低くなると、再び「PP <(PLS+バネ力)」となり、前記ルーチンを繰り返す。即ち流量制御弁7は、常時「PP =(PLS+バネ力)」となるように、シャトル運動する。ここで「PP =(PLS+バネ力)」は「バネ力=PP −PLS」と変形できることから明らかなように、「バネ力」が前記「ΔP」に相当する。即ち上記の通り、「可変容量形油圧ポンプは、方向切換弁の上流側PP と下流側PLSとの差圧ΔPが一定となるように、吐出量を制御されている」。
【0026】
アームシリンダ26側の方向切換弁23は、操作レバー31の操作量に比例したパイロット油圧を発生するPPC弁32(パイロット・プレッシャー・コントロール弁の英字の頭文字)からのパイロット油圧の大小に応じた開口面積となるように作動する。また方向切換弁23の下流側にはパイロット管路33が接続されている。そしてこのパイロット管路33の他端が圧力補償弁28の右側に接続されている。またパイロット管路33は途中で管路34に分岐し、管路34が減圧値を設定するバネとしてLS減圧弁14を付勢する。
【0027】
一方、ブームシリンダ46側の方向切換弁43も、操作レバー51の操作量に比例したパイロット油圧を発生するPPC弁52からのパイロット油圧の大小に応じた開口面積となるように作動する。また方向切換弁43の下流側にはパイロット管路53が接続され、このパイロット管路53の他端が圧力補償弁49の右側に接続されている。そしてパイロット管路53も途中で管路54に分岐し、管路54が減圧値を設定するバネとしてLS減圧弁55を付勢する。
【0028】
上記基本回路において、本発明に係わる第1事例は、同図に示す構成としてある。即ちアームシリンダ26側の回路において、圧力補償弁28の左位置はオリフィス28aを、一方右位置はオリフィス28bを備え、右側に付勢バネ28cを有している。尚、オリフィス28aは本来の絞り量であり、一方オリフィス28bはオリフィス28aの絞り量よりも弱い絞り量としてある。そして方向切換弁23の下流側の管路24と、戻り管路27(本例では方向切換弁23と、圧力補償弁28とに挟まれた管路27a)とを管路37で接続してある。そしてこの管路37に、戻り管路27から管路24へのみ流通するチェック弁38を備えている。
【0029】
尚、ブームシリンダ46側は、従来技術における基本回路と同じとしてある。また図中の符号25、45はリリーフ弁である。また図中のオリフィス4、8、12、16、58、36、62はいずれも、滑らかな作動を確保するための応答遅延用オリフィスであり、一方、オリフィス63は、制御弁3へのパイロット圧がタンク30内の圧力に落ちないように、所定圧を維持するためのオリフィスである。オリフィス63の絞り加減やその有無は、タンク30の水頭高さや加圧の有無で決定される。
【0030】
以下に、上記油圧再生回路の作用効果を説明する。
(1)1つのアクチュエータのみを単独操作したとき
操作レバー31だけを操作して方向切換弁23だけを、図1のアームシリンダ26側の状態とすると、方向切換弁23の下流側油圧PLS1 が管路33を介して圧力補償弁28の右側に作用する。一方、管路35を介して圧力補償弁28の左側にも同圧が作用する。従って圧力補償弁28は付勢バネ28cによっ右位置となる。ここで仮にこの状態を、例えばアーム75を前方に水平とした姿勢から、アームシリンダ26を伸ばすことによって運転室73側に引戻すとすると、アームシリンダ26のヘッド側にアーム75の自重が加わり、ヘッド側の油圧がボトム側の油圧よりも高くなろうとする。この結果、方向切換弁23からアームシリンダ26のボトム側への流量が不足しようとする。ところが上記事例によれば、圧力補償弁28の右位置にオリフィス28bが有るため、戻り管路27内の油圧PH が昇圧する。そして油圧PH が、油圧PB (=PLS1 )よりも大きくなると(PH >PB )、戻り管路27の戻り油量は管路37と、その内部のチェック弁38とを経て方向切換弁23の下流側の管路24を経てボトム側に流れ込む。このとき、方向切換弁23の前後差圧ΔP(=PP −PLS1 )は何ら変化しないため、操作レバー31の操作量(即ち、方向切換弁23の開口面積)に比例した油圧ポンプ1からの流量も確保される。
【0031】
(2)2つ以上の作業機を同時操作したとき
操作レバー31と操作レバー51とを同時操作して方向切換弁23と方向切換弁43とを、図1の状態とする。この場合は次の2つの場合が考えられる。
【0032】
(21)方向切換弁43の下流側油圧PLS2 が方向切換弁23の下流側油圧PLS1 よりも低い場合は(PLS1 >PLS2 )、方向切換弁23の下流側油圧PLS1 がチェック弁17、59によって圧力補償弁28、49の左側を付勢する。従ってこの場合は、アームシリンダ26側にとっては、前記(1)と同じ状態である。このため、上記(1)と同一の作用効果が得られる。
【0033】
(22)方向切換弁43の下流側の油圧PLS2 が方向切換弁23の下流側の油圧PLS1 よりも高い場合は(PLS1 <PLS2 )、方向切換弁43の下流側油圧PLS2 がチェック弁17、59によって圧力補償弁28、49の図示左側に加わる。そして油圧PLS2 が圧力補償弁28の付勢バネ28cに打勝つ圧力となると、圧力補償弁28は左位置に切換わる。ところがこの左位置にもオリフィス28aが有るため、戻り管路27内の油圧PH が昇圧する。そして油圧PH が、油圧PB よりも大きくなると、戻り管路27の戻り油量は管路37と、その内部のチェック弁38とを経て方向切換弁23の下流側の管路24を経てボトム側に流れ込む。またこの場合でも、方向切換弁23の前後差圧ΔP(=PP −PLS1 、但し、PLS1 =PLS2 )が変化しないため、操作レバー31の操作量(即ち、方向切換弁23の開口面積)に比例した油圧ポンプ1からの流量も確保される。
【0034】
尚、上記第1事例でのオリフィス28bは、圧力補償弁28の内部に設けたが、管路27aや圧力補償弁28の下流側に設けてもよい。勿論、これらの一部に設けてもよく、総てに設けてもよい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】第1事例の回路図である。
【図2】油圧ショベルの外観図である。
【図3】従来の油圧機械の油圧再生回路例の図である。
【符号の説明】
1 可変容量形油圧ポンプ
23 方向切換弁
26 アームシリンダ
28 圧力補償弁
28b オリフィス
37 管路
38 チェック弁
43 方向切換弁
46 ブームシリンダ
49 圧力補償弁
PP 油圧ポンプ吐出圧
PLS、PLS1 、PLS2 方向切換弁の下流側油圧
ΔP 方向切換弁の前後差圧
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a hydraulic pressure regeneration circuit for a hydraulic machine that is mounted on a hydraulic machine such as a hydraulic excavator and can forcibly resupply return oil from an actuator to the actuator.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Some hydraulic circuits of hydraulic machines have a regeneration circuit that reduces the hydraulic horsepower by utilizing natural force or the like. Details are as follows.
[0003]
For example, as shown in FIG. 2, for example, an excavator has an upper swing body 71 mounted on a lower traveling body 72 so as to be rotatable, and a driving source such as an engine, a cab 73 and a work machine are mounted on the upper swing body 71. ing. As an example, the work machine includes a boom 74 that can be raised and lowered with respect to the upper swing body 71, an arm 75 that is swingably attached to the tip of the boom 74, and a swingably attached to the tip of the arm 75. Bucket 76. The boom 74, the arm 75, and the bucket 76 can be raised or lowered by actuators such as the boom cylinder 46, the arm cylinder 26, and the bucket cylinder 77, respectively.
[0004]
For example, FIG. 3 is known as a hydraulic pressure regeneration circuit of such a hydraulic machine. In the figure, the hydraulic circuit such as the bucket cylinder 77 and the turning hydraulic motor is omitted from the overall hydraulic circuit of the hydraulic excavator and is reorganized for explanation. Hereinafter, the hydraulic pressure regeneration circuit will be described by dividing it into a basic circuit and a regeneration circuit.
[0005]
The basic circuit has closed center type direction switching valves 23 and 43 provided on the meter-in side of the arm cylinder 26 and the boom cylinder 46, respectively. Further, the discharge amount is controlled so that the differential pressure ΔP between the upstream hydraulic pressure (that is, the discharge pressure PP of the hydraulic pump 1) of the directional control valves 23 and 43 and the downstream hydraulic pressures PLS1 and PLS2 is constant. And a variable displacement hydraulic pump 1. Furthermore, pressure compensation valves 29 and 49 are provided on the meter-out sides 27 and 47 of the actuators 26 and 46, respectively. These pressure compensating valves 29 and 49 are low in pressure until the hydraulic pressure PLS1 is immediately increased to the hydraulic pressure PLS2 when the directional control valves 23 and 43 are operated simultaneously, for example, when the initial hydraulic pressures PLS1 and PLS2 are “PLS1 <PLS2”. The meter-out side 27 of the arm cylinder 26 on the side (hydraulic pressure PLS1) is throttled.
[0006]
By the way, the oil amount Q to the actuator is proportional to the product of the opening area A of the direction switching valve operated by the operator's operation and the square root of the differential pressure ΔP across the direction switching valve (Q (A · ΔP 1/2). ).
[0007]
That is, as described above, since the differential pressure ΔP is controlled to be constant as described above, the oil amount Q to the actuator is proportional to the change in the opening area A (Q ア ク チ ュ エ ー タ A) regardless of the load of the actuator. ).
[0008]
Moreover, each directional switching valve 23, 43 has a pressure compensating valve 29, 49. Depending on the function of each pressure compensating valve 29, 49, on the higher hydraulic side among the downstream hydraulic pressures PLS1, PLS2 of each directional switching valve 23, 43. Equivalence (PLS1 = PLS2). In addition, as described above, the discharge amount of the hydraulic pump 1 is controlled so that the differential pressure ΔP is constant. Therefore, the flow rates Q1 and Q2 to the actuators 26 and 46 are also proportional to changes in the opening areas A1 and A2 of the direction switching valves 23 and 43 regardless of the load of the actuators 26 and 46 (Q11). A1, Q2∝A2, Q = (Q1 + Q2)). Note that the symbols ΔP, Q1, Q2, A1, and A2 are for text description and are not shown.
[0009]
The reproduction circuit is configured as follows in the basic circuit. The return line 27 a between the direction switching valve 23 and the pressure compensation valve 29 in the return line 27 of the arm cylinder 26, and the line 21 in the line 21 from the hydraulic pump 1 to the direction switching valve 23 via the check valve 22. The downstream side of the check valve 22 is connected by a pipeline 39. The conduit 39 includes a check valve 38 that circulates from the return conduit 27 a toward the conduit 21. Details are as follows.
[0010]
When the operation lever 31 and the operation lever 51 are simultaneously operated (combined operation) to simultaneously operate the arm cylinder 26 and the boom cylinder 46 (composite operation), the hydraulic pump 1 that has passed through the pipelines 5, 6, and 13 in this order. The LS pressure reducing valve 14 changes the discharge hydraulic pressure PP to the same pressure as the hydraulic pressure PLS1 downstream of the direction switching valve 23 (that is, the hydraulic pressure in the downstream line 15 of the LS pressure reducing valve 14 becomes the hydraulic pressure PLS1). On the other hand, the discharge hydraulic pressure PP passed through the pipelines 5, 40, 56 in this order is also changed to the same pressure as the hydraulic pressure PLS2 downstream of the direction switching valve 43 by the LS pressure reducing valve 55 (that is, downstream of the LS pressure reducing valve 55). The hydraulic pressure of the pipeline 57 is also the hydraulic pressure PLS2.) And the check valves 17 and 59 which flow toward the flow rate control valve 7 (details will be described later) provided in the pipelines 15 and 57 are connected to each other by the pipeline 61 on the downstream side of the check valves 17 and 59. Therefore, the higher hydraulic pressure of the two hydraulic pressures PLS1, PLS2 acts on the left side of the pressure compensation valves 29, 49, and as described above, until the low pressure side is immediately increased to the high pressure side, Squeeze the meter-out side. In the system in which the hydraulic pressures PLS1 and PLS2 are directly guided to the upstream side of the check valves 17 and 59, the pipe lines 13 and 56 and the LS pressure reducing valves 14 and 55 may be omitted.
[0011]
Hereinafter, in order to expedite the understanding of the conventional hydraulic pressure regeneration circuit, the biasing force of the spring 29c for maintaining the pressure compensation valve 29 in the illustrated right position will be omitted.
[0012]
If the magnitude relationship between the initial hydraulic pressures PLS1 and PLS2 in the combined operation is “PLS1 <PLS2”, the pressure compensation valve 29 increases the hydraulic pressure PLS1 to the hydraulic pressure PLS2 as described above. The valves 29, 49 have a left position in the figure with an orifice 29a and a right position in the figure, which is simply a drain passage to the tank 30. That is, the higher hydraulic pressure PLS2 is guided to the left side of the pressure compensation valve 29. When the pressure compensation valve 29 is moved to the left position by the hydraulic pressure PLS2, the return oil from the arm cylinder 26 is throttled by the orifice 29a. The oil pressure PH 'of the return oil 27a is increased (as described above, the oil pressure PLS1 is also increased until the oil pressure PLS2 is reached). When the hydraulic pressure PH ′ becomes larger than the hydraulic pressure PB ′ on the downstream side of the check valve 22 (PH ′> PB ′), part of the return oil from the head side of the arm cylinder 26 is part of the check valve 38 of the pipe 39. Then, it flows into the pipe line 21 and is forcibly resupplied to the bottom side of the arm cylinder 26. That is, it is a hydraulic forced regeneration circuit.
[0013]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional hydraulic regeneration circuit of the hydraulic machine has the following problems.
[0014]
(1) First, even if the forced regeneration occurs, the basic circuit is controlled so that the differential pressure ΔP across the direction switching valve 23 is constant. The amount that flows into the bottom side of the arm cylinder 26 via the direction switching valve 23 does not change only by reducing the discharge amount. That is, the hydraulic pump 1 saves energy, but the arm cylinder 26 does not increase the flow rate. For this reason, the important work speed does not improve.
[0015]
(2) Second, even in the combined operation, when “PLS1> PLS2”, the pressure compensation valve 29 does not move to the right in the drawing, and the right position without the orifice is maintained by the urging force of the spring 29c. > PB '"and therefore no forced regeneration occurs.
[0016]
(3) Thirdly, in the single operation of the operation lever 31, the pressure compensation valve 29 does not move to the right at all, and only the right position without the orifice is maintained by the urging force of the spring 29c. ), The pressure compensation valve 29 maintains the right position in the figure without an orifice so that “PH ′> PB ′” does not occur, and therefore forced regeneration does not occur.
[0017]
The above problems (1) to (3) will be specifically described. For example, if the arm 75 is pulled back to the cab 73 side by extending the arm cylinder 26 from a posture in which the arm 75 is leveled forward, the bottom side of the arm cylinder 26 is caused by the weight of the arm 75 (that is, the “natural force”). Negative pressure. In such a negative pressure state, the check valve 38 is merely a vacuum prevention valve, and the conduit 39 is also simply a suction conduit. That is, the return oil is not forcibly regenerated. That is, as described above, the above-mentioned conventional technique can obtain the effect of forced regeneration only when “PLS2> PLS1” in the composite operation.
[0018]
The present invention can be forcibly regenerated in all cases in view of the problems of the prior art described above, and can be forcibly regenerated with respect to the actuator, not as energy saving of the hydraulic pump as in the prior art. It is an object of the present invention to provide a hydraulic regeneration circuit for a hydraulic machine that can be enhanced.
[0019]
[Means for solving the problems and effects]
In order to achieve the above object, a hydraulic pressure regeneration circuit for a hydraulic machine according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1, for example, closed center type directional control valves 23 and 43 provided on the meter-in side of actuators 26 and 46, and ,
A variable displacement hydraulic pump 1 whose discharge amount is controlled so that the differential pressure ΔP between the upstream hydraulic pressure and the downstream hydraulic pressure of the direction switching valves 23, 43 is constant;
A pressure compensation valve 28 provided on the meter-out side of the actuator 26, and receives the downstream hydraulic pressure PLS1 of the direction switching valve 23 for the actuator 26 and the downstream hydraulic pressure PLS2 of the direction switching valve 43 for the other actuator 46; A pressure compensation valve 28 for increasing the meter-out side hydraulic pressure of the actuator 26 so that the downstream hydraulic pressure PLS1 of the direction switching valve 23 with respect to the actuator 26 becomes the higher one of the downstream hydraulic pressures PLS1 and PLS2. In the hydraulic circuit of a hydraulic machine having
A check valve 38 that is branched from an upstream branch point of the pressure compensation valve 28 and is connected to the downstream side of the direction switching valve 23 and that circulates toward the downstream side of the direction switching valve 23 therein. A conduit 37 having
It has an orifice 28b provided in at least one place between the branch point and the pressure compensation valve 28, the downstream side of the pressure compensation valve 28, and the inside of the pressure compensation valve 28.
[0020]
According to the above configuration, the meter-out side of the actuator 26 is always throttled by the orifice 28b regardless of the single operation or the composite operation. For this reason, the meter-out side can be boosted. When the oil pressure on the meter-out side is higher than that on the downstream side of the direction switching valve 23, the pressure oil on the meter-out side flows into the downstream side of the direction switching valve 23 and flows into the actuator 26 (that is, forced regeneration occurs). In addition, the flow rate based on the forced regeneration is completely independent of the flow rate from the hydraulic pump 1 based on the control in which the differential pressure ΔP across the direction switching valve 23 in the basic circuit is constant. Then, the hydraulic fluid is supplied to the actuator 26 with the optimum flow rate. That is, the working speed can be improved. Further, the orifice 28b exists irrespective of the single operation and the composite operation, and therefore, there is no applicable condition as in the prior art, and it can be applied to all cases. Needless to say, the check valve 38 has a vacuum prevention function.
[0021]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, an example will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a part of a hydraulic pressure regeneration circuit of a hydraulic excavator provided with this example. The basic circuit in FIG. 1 is the same as the basic circuit in FIG. Accordingly, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
[0022]
First, the basic circuit described above will be supplementarily described. In the figure, a variable displacement hydraulic pump 1 driven by a drive source (not shown) is connected to a piston rod of a servo cinder 2, and an oblique axis angle or a swash plate angle is changed by pressure oil acting on the piston. The discharge flow rate is variable.
[0023]
The servo cylinder 2 receives the discharge pressure P P of the hydraulic pump 1 and operates the discharge amount of the hydraulic pump 1 to the increase side, the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 1 that has passed through the control valve 3 and the orifice 4 in this order. And a bottom side that operates to decrease the discharge amount of the hydraulic pump 1 in response to PP.
[0024]
The control valve 3 receives the hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic pressure source 9 that has passed through the pressure reducing valve 10, the hydraulic pressure from the flow rate control valve 7 that also serves as an unloading valve, and the discharge pressure PP of the hydraulic pump 1 as pilot pressures. Accordingly, it has a function of flowing the oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 1 to the bottom side of the servo cylinder 2. The pressure reducing valve 10 adjusts the hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic source 9 so that the hydraulic horsepower of the hydraulic pump 1 is made constant by receiving a signal from a variable torque control device (TVC) that makes the hydraulic horsepower of the hydraulic pump 1 constant. Then, this adjusted hydraulic pressure is supplied to the control valve 3 as a pilot pressure.
[0025]
The flow rate control valve 7 receives the discharge pressure PP of the hydraulic pump 1 passing through the pipelines 5, 6, 11 and the orifice 12 in this order on the left side in the figure, and has a biasing spring 7a on the right side in the figure and a direction switching valve 23, 43, whichever is higher of the downstream hydraulic pressures PLS1 and PLS2 is received. Then, when “Pp ≧ (PLS + spring force)”, the position is switched to the left position, and the discharge pressure PP is applied to the control valve 3 as a pilot pressure to reduce the discharge oil amount of the hydraulic pump 1. On the other hand, when “PP <(PLS + spring force)”, the right position is maintained (therefore, the amount of oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 1 is on the increase side). Here, since the discharge pressure PP of the hydraulic pump 1 and the hydraulic pressure PLS are variables, these values cannot be specified, but the spring force is a constant. That is, if the load PLS of the actuator increases and becomes “PP <(PLS + spring force)”, the flow control valve 7 maintains the right position and increases the discharge amount of the hydraulic pump 1. Then, with this increase, the discharge pressure PP increases, and “PP ≧ (PLS + spring force)”. Then, the flow control valve 7 immediately switches from the right position to the left position, and reduces the discharge amount of the hydraulic pump 1 by the discharge pressure PP. If the discharge pressure PP decreases with this decrease, then “PP <(PLS + spring force)” again, and the routine is repeated. That is, the flow rate control valve 7 performs a shuttle motion so that “PP = (PLS + spring force)” is always obtained. Here, “PP = (PLS + spring force)” can be deformed as “spring force = PP−PLS”, and “spring force” corresponds to “ΔP”. That is, as described above, “the displacement of the variable displacement hydraulic pump is controlled so that the differential pressure ΔP between the upstream side PP and the downstream side PLS of the direction switching valve is constant”.
[0026]
The direction switching valve 23 on the arm cylinder 26 side corresponds to the magnitude of the pilot hydraulic pressure from the PPC valve 32 (an acronym for the pilot pressure control valve) that generates a pilot hydraulic pressure proportional to the operation amount of the operation lever 31. Operates to open area. A pilot line 33 is connected to the downstream side of the direction switching valve 23. The other end of the pilot line 33 is connected to the right side of the pressure compensation valve 28. Further, the pilot line 33 branches into the line 34 in the middle, and the line 34 urges the LS pressure reducing valve 14 as a spring for setting a pressure reduction value.
[0027]
On the other hand, the direction switching valve 43 on the boom cylinder 46 side also operates to have an opening area corresponding to the magnitude of the pilot hydraulic pressure from the PPC valve 52 that generates the pilot hydraulic pressure proportional to the operation amount of the operation lever 51. A pilot line 53 is connected to the downstream side of the direction switching valve 43, and the other end of the pilot line 53 is connected to the right side of the pressure compensation valve 49. The pilot line 53 also branches to the line 54 in the middle, and the line 54 urges the LS pressure reducing valve 55 as a spring for setting a pressure reduction value.
[0028]
In the above basic circuit, the first example according to the present invention has the configuration shown in FIG. That is, in the circuit on the arm cylinder 26 side, the pressure compensation valve 28 has an orifice 28a at the left position, an orifice 28b at the right position, and a biasing spring 28c on the right side. The orifice 28a is the original throttle amount, while the orifice 28b is a throttle amount that is weaker than the throttle amount of the orifice 28a. Then, the pipe 24 on the downstream side of the direction switching valve 23 and the return pipe 27 (in this example, the pipe 27 a sandwiched between the direction switching valve 23 and the pressure compensation valve 28) are connected by a pipe 37. is there. The pipe 37 is provided with a check valve 38 that flows only from the return pipe 27 to the pipe 24.
[0029]
The boom cylinder 46 side is the same as the basic circuit in the prior art. Reference numerals 25 and 45 in the figure denote relief valves. Also, the orifices 4, 8, 12, 16, 58, 36, 62 in the figure are all response delay orifices for ensuring smooth operation, while the orifice 63 is a pilot pressure to the control valve 3. Is an orifice for maintaining a predetermined pressure so as not to drop to the pressure in the tank 30. Whether the orifice 63 is throttled or not is determined by the head height of the tank 30 and the presence or absence of pressurization.
[0030]
Below, the effect of the said hydraulic pressure regeneration circuit is demonstrated.
(1) When only one actuator is operated alone, if only the operation lever 31 is operated and only the direction switching valve 23 is brought into the state of the arm cylinder 26 in FIG. 1, the downstream hydraulic pressure PLS1 of the direction switching valve 23 is It acts on the right side of the pressure compensation valve 28 via the passage 33. On the other hand, the same pressure also acts on the left side of the pressure compensation valve 28 via the conduit 35. Accordingly, the pressure compensation valve 28 is brought to the right position by the biasing spring 28c. If this state is pulled back to the cab 73 side by extending the arm cylinder 26 from an attitude in which the arm 75 is leveled forward, for example, the weight of the arm 75 is added to the head side of the arm cylinder 26, The hydraulic pressure on the head side tends to be higher than the hydraulic pressure on the bottom side. As a result, the flow from the direction switching valve 23 to the bottom side of the arm cylinder 26 tends to be insufficient. However, according to the above case, since the orifice 28b is provided at the right position of the pressure compensation valve 28, the hydraulic pressure PH in the return pipe 27 is increased. When the hydraulic pressure PH becomes larger than the hydraulic pressure PB (= PLS1) (PH> PB), the return oil amount of the return pipe 27 passes through the pipe 37 and the check valve 38 therein, and is downstream of the direction switching valve 23. It flows into the bottom side through the side pipe line 24. At this time, since the front-rear differential pressure ΔP (= P−PLS1) of the direction switching valve 23 does not change at all, the flow rate from the hydraulic pump 1 is proportional to the operation amount of the operation lever 31 (that is, the opening area of the direction switching valve 23). Is also secured.
[0031]
(2) When two or more work machines are operated simultaneously, the operation lever 31 and the operation lever 51 are operated simultaneously to bring the direction switching valve 23 and the direction switching valve 43 into the state shown in FIG. In this case, the following two cases can be considered.
[0032]
(21) When the downstream hydraulic pressure PLS2 of the directional switching valve 43 is lower than the downstream hydraulic pressure PLS1 of the directional switching valve 23 (PLS1> PLS2), the downstream hydraulic pressure PLS1 of the directional switching valve 23 is pressurized by the check valves 17 and 59. The left side of the compensation valves 28 and 49 is energized. Therefore, in this case, the state is the same as (1) for the arm cylinder 26 side. For this reason, the same effect as said (1) is acquired.
[0033]
(22) When the hydraulic pressure PLS2 downstream of the direction switching valve 43 is higher than the hydraulic pressure PLS1 downstream of the direction switching valve 23 (PLS1 <PLS2), the downstream hydraulic pressure PLS2 of the direction switching valve 43 is the check valves 17, 59. Is added to the left side of the pressure compensating valves 28 and 49 in the figure. When the hydraulic pressure PLS2 reaches a pressure that overcomes the biasing spring 28c of the pressure compensation valve 28, the pressure compensation valve 28 is switched to the left position. However, since the orifice 28a is also present at the left position, the hydraulic pressure PH in the return line 27 is increased. When the hydraulic pressure PH becomes larger than the hydraulic pressure PB, the amount of return oil in the return pipe 27 passes through the pipe 37 and the check valve 38 inside thereof, passes through the pipe 24 on the downstream side of the direction switching valve 23, and reaches the bottom side. Flow into. Also in this case, since the front-rear differential pressure ΔP (= PP−PLS1, where PLS1 = PLS2) of the direction switching valve 23 does not change, it is proportional to the operation amount of the operation lever 31 (that is, the opening area of the direction switching valve 23). The flow rate from the hydraulic pump 1 is also ensured.
[0034]
Although the orifice 28b in the first case is provided inside the pressure compensation valve 28, it may be provided on the downstream side of the conduit 27a or the pressure compensation valve 28. Of course, you may provide in these one part, and may provide all.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a first case.
FIG. 2 is an external view of a hydraulic excavator.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example of a hydraulic pressure regeneration circuit of a conventional hydraulic machine.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Variable displacement hydraulic pump 23 Directional switching valve 26 Arm cylinder 28 Pressure compensation valve 28b Orifice 37 Pipe 38 Check valve 43 Directional switching valve 46 Boom cylinder 49 Pressure compensation valve PP Hydraulic pump discharge pressures PLS, PLS1, PLS2 Directional switching valve Downstream hydraulic pressure ΔP Differential pressure across directional switching valve

Claims (1)

アクチュエータのメータイン側に設けたクローズドセンタ式方向切換弁と、
前記方向切換弁の上流側油圧と下流側油圧との差圧が一定となるように、吐出量を制御された可変容量形油圧ポンプと、
アクチュエータのメータアウト側に設けた圧力補償弁であり、かつ前記アクチュータに対する方向切換弁の下流側油圧と、他のアクチュエータに対する方向切換弁の下流側油圧とを受け、前記アクチュータに対する方向切換弁の下流側油圧が各下流側油圧の内の高い方の油圧となるように、前記アクチュエータのメータアウト側の油圧を高める圧力補償弁とを有する油圧機械の油圧回路において、
圧力補償弁の上流側の分岐点から分岐して方向切換弁の下流側に接続された管路であり、かつ内部に方向切換弁の下流側に向けて流通するチェック弁を有する管路と、
前記分岐点から圧力補償弁までの間と、圧力補償弁の下流側と、圧力補償弁の内部との少なくとも一箇所に設けたオリフィスとを有することを特徴とする油圧機械の油圧再生回路。
A closed center type directional control valve provided on the meter-in side of the actuator;
A variable displacement hydraulic pump whose discharge amount is controlled so that the differential pressure between the upstream hydraulic pressure and the downstream hydraulic pressure of the direction switching valve is constant;
A pressure compensation valve provided on the meter-out side of the actuator, and receives the downstream hydraulic pressure of the direction switching valve with respect to the actuator and the downstream hydraulic pressure of the direction switching valve with respect to another actuator, and downstream of the direction switching valve with respect to the actuator In a hydraulic circuit of a hydraulic machine having a pressure compensation valve that increases the meter-out side hydraulic pressure of the actuator so that the side hydraulic pressure is the higher of the downstream hydraulic pressures,
A pipe branching from a branch point on the upstream side of the pressure compensation valve and connected to the downstream side of the direction switching valve, and having a check valve that circulates toward the downstream side of the direction switching valve;
A hydraulic pressure regeneration circuit for a hydraulic machine, comprising an orifice provided at least at one position between the branch point and the pressure compensation valve, a downstream side of the pressure compensation valve, and an inside of the pressure compensation valve.
JP18685796A 1996-06-28 1996-06-28 Hydraulic regeneration circuit for hydraulic machine Expired - Fee Related JP3666830B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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JP18685796A JP3666830B2 (en) 1996-06-28 1996-06-28 Hydraulic regeneration circuit for hydraulic machine

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JP18685796A JP3666830B2 (en) 1996-06-28 1996-06-28 Hydraulic regeneration circuit for hydraulic machine

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JPH1018357A JPH1018357A (en) 1998-01-20
JP3666830B2 true JP3666830B2 (en) 2005-06-29

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4973047B2 (en) * 2006-07-20 2012-07-11 コベルコ建機株式会社 Hydraulic control circuit for work machines
JP5089973B2 (en) 2006-07-21 2012-12-05 キャタピラー エス エー アール エル Pump control method for work machines
CN101004368B (en) 2006-09-18 2012-10-24 张清臣 Pressure compensation method, and parts of hydraulic press
KR101470626B1 (en) * 2007-12-27 2014-12-09 두산인프라코어 주식회사 Electric oil pressure system of construction equipment
CN101649852B (en) 2008-08-12 2012-07-25 上海融德机电工程设备有限公司 Synchronous pipeline compensator for hydraulic state indicator

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