JP3664697B2

JP3664697B2 - Ventilation structure at the upper end of the outer wall in an outer insulation building

Info

Publication number: JP3664697B2
Application number: JP2002221639A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 高光櫻庭
Original assignee: 株式会社テスク
Priority date: 2002-07-30
Filing date: 2002-07-30
Publication date: 2005-06-29
Anticipated expiration: 2022-07-30
Also published as: JP2004060335A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、鉄筋コンクリート造や鉄骨造の外断熱建築物に於ける外壁上端の通気構造に関するものであり、より詳しくは、通気層を備えた外壁上端への笠木の取付構造及び使用する笠木金物に関するものであり、鉄筋コンクリート造や鉄骨造建物の建築分野に属するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来より建築物の外壁を形成している外装材の頂部には、外装と屋上部の見切り材として、また、屋上部の防水の端部抑えとして各種笠木が採用されている。従来の笠木は、大別すると、オープン笠木とアングル笠木とがあり、図８（Ａ）がオープン笠木の典型例であり、図８（Ｂ）がアングル笠木の典型例である。
【０００３】
図８（Ａ）は、オープン笠木を通気層型建物に適用した例であって、オープン笠木は、図示の如く、コンクリートのパラペット上端にブラケットを介して取付けるものであり、パラペット上端に敷設した断熱層及び該断熱層上面を被覆する防水層の上部から、ナイロンプラグ等でパラペット全幅を覆う形態のブラケットを長孔で調節してパラペットに固定し、ブラケットの屈曲下降した前端及び後端に、オープン笠木の面板の前端及び後端の立下り片の端縁の爪部を嵌合係止し、外壁の断熱層及び外装材の上端をオープン笠木でカバーし、通気層から上昇する空気を、矢印ｆの如く、外装材の外面と笠木の立下り片との間隔から外方へ放出するものである。
【０００４】
アングル笠木は、図８（Ｂ）に示す如く、面板と立下り片とから成る断面アングル形態であって、床スラブ、又はパラペットのコンクリートを被覆した防水層上に面板を当接して、面板の後部の膨出部をナイロンプラグ等でコンクリートに打込み固定し、防水層の端部を平滑に抑えると共に、立下り片によって雨水の防水層端部への浸入を阻止するものである。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
図８（Ａ）のオープン笠木にあっては、シーリング不要で笠木と防水層との通気空間を外気が流通して雨水の浸入を防止し、外壁の通気層からの上昇空気流ｆも外部に放出出来、直線連結性の保持はブラケットの長孔により調整出来る利点はあるが、外断熱建物への適用は、断熱層厚分の笠木幅（前後の立下り片間距離）が大となり、コストアップとなる。
また、前後の立下り片が被覆する形態で嵌合するため、パラペットにのみ適用可能であって、屋上床スラブ等の平坦な上端部構造には適用不可能である。
【０００６】
しかも、外壁上部前面に、長さ方向に段差のある場合には、段差部での前方へ突出した側の笠木端に小口塞ぎ部材を適用してシーリングするか、或いは、段差を備えた特別の笠木小片を製作して、突出側の広幅笠木と入り込み側の狭幅笠木との間に特別の段差笠木を介在し、両笠木端間に幅違いジョイント金具を製作して配置する必要があり、オープン笠木での外壁の段差への対処は、煩雑、且つ困難な作業であり、しかも、きれいな連続性保持は困難な作業であった。
【０００７】
図８（Ｂ）のアングル笠木は、オープン笠木のような両端支持ブラケットが無く、防水層上に直接圧接固定するため、取付けは容易であり、オープン笠木よりコスト面でも有利（コストはオープン笠木の１／４）であるが、面板を防水層上に直接載置して固定するため、高さ調整は、笠木面板と防水層との間に薄板（アルミ）パッキングを介在するが、パッキングの調整代が大きい場合は、アングル笠木の後部と防水層との間に隙間が生じ、雨水が侵入してナイロンプラグ（固定ネジ）から床スラブに浸透するため、シーリングを施す必要がある。
しかも、面板下方に通気空間が無いため、アングル笠木は、通気層を備えた外壁の上端への直ちの適用は考慮されていないものである。
【０００８】
そして、通気層を備えた外断熱の外壁の上端に、例え、アングル笠木を付設するにしても、防水層と外壁上端との間に天端材を介在して、アングル笠木の面板を外壁上端から通気空間を形成するようにし、且つ、図８（Ａ）のオープン笠木に示したような、外壁外側の断熱層及び通気孔を有する外装材の幅だけ外方へ突出付設する必要がある。
【０００９】
しかし、アングル笠木は面板後部で床スラブ又はパラペットのコンクリートに固定するだけであり、前端の立下り片は、面材の固定点より離れているため、矢印Ａの如き強風の作用により、常時煽られ、不快音の発生、雨水の防水層界面への浸入、及び笠木の浮揚変形を生じ、笠木が外れる危険すら存在する。
【００１０】
従ってアングル笠木は、現状では、外断熱通気工法にあっては、採用が危険であり、業界では、アングル笠木は、外断熱通気工法には採用不可能と認識されている。
本発明は、上述の如きオープン笠木及びアングル笠木の問題点を分析研究し、従来の笠木の問題点を解決又は改善した新規な笠木金具を開発し、鉄筋コンクリート造や鉄骨造の外断熱建物の外壁上端の有利な通気構造の提供を可能とするものである。
【００１１】
【課題を解決するための手段、及び作用】
本発明は、例えば図２に示す如く、内部に通気層ａ１，ａ２を備えたセメント板Ｐａ，Ｐａ´と断熱層Ｐｂとを層着した断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０を外壁Ｗに備えた建物であって、外壁Ｗ上端では、該パネルＰ，Ｐ０のセメント板Ｐａ，Ｐａ´上端前部にブラケット１６を適宜間隔で固定し、前端の立下り板３Ｆと、天端水平板３Ｕと、天端水平板３Ｕの後部の立上り片３Ｂ下端から後方に延出する下段水平板３Ｄ、とを備えた笠木３の内部前端をブラケット１６に係止すると共に、下段水平板３Ｄを断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０上部に固定し、断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０の通気層ａ１，ａ２からの空気流ｆを笠木３の立下り板３Ｆから放出するようにした外断熱建物に於ける外壁上端の通気構造である（請求項１）。
【００１２】
尚、ブラケット１６は、笠木３の前部保持機能を奏すれば良く、従って、「笠木３の内部前端」は、立下り板３Ｆの内面をも含む広い意味である。
また、笠木３の下段水平板３Ｄの断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０上部での「固定」の意は、図４の如く、複合パネルＰ上枠１０ｔへの直接固定のみならず、図５の如く、複合パネルＰ０に下地材としての板材１１を付設しておき、該板材１１に固定することも含み、図４、図５の如きネジ固定のみならず接着等の固定をも含む広い意味である。
また、外壁Ｗは、図２に示す如き、パネル厚Ｔ０の厚手の断熱複合パネルＰとパネル厚Ｔ０´の薄手の断熱複合パネルＰ０の、いずれかのパネルのみでの形成も、両パネルＰ，Ｐ０を混在使用して形成することも可能である。
【００１３】
従って、本発明は、笠木３を図４、図５に示す如く、断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０上にのみ固定するため、断熱複合パネルＰやＰ０を外壁に備えたパネルＰ，Ｐ０の上端部なら、笠木３の装着が可能となり、パラペット上にも、屋上の床スラブ上にも、笠木３が適用可能である。
しかも、笠木３は、前端内部でのブラケット１６による係止と、後方に延出する下段水平板３Ｄの断熱複合パネルＰ又はＰ０上部への固定、との前後の２点止着であるために、断熱複合パネル上にのみの固定でありながら、強固な保持が達成出来、外壁パネルＰ，Ｐ０の通気層ａ１，ａ２からの充分な排気構造を保証すると共に、図４（Ｂ）の如く、矢印Ａの強風作用を受けても、従来のアングル笠木の如く浮揚することも無い。
そして、天端水平板３Ｕと下段水平板３Ｄとの間に立上り片３Ｂが存在するため、図４（Ｂ）の如く、下段水平板３Ｄ上を防水層４ａが被覆し、下段水平板３Ｄの断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０への取付部からの雨水の浸入が阻止出来る。
【００１４】
また、外壁面が段差ＷＤを有する場合には、段差ＷＤ部では、断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０上端面に固定した段差継ぎ部材２１に、両側から笠木３の端部を嵌入して笠木３を配置するのが好ましい。
この場合、外断熱外壁を意匠面から段差配置しても、また異なる厚さの壁パネルＰ，Ｐ０を併用することも可能となり、外壁形成の自由度が増す。
そして、段差継ぎ部材自体が断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０上に固定されるため、断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０上に強固に２点支持される笠木３と相俟って、強固、且つ、きれいな笠木配置が可能となる。
勿論、段差継ぎ部材の１側には、小口塞ぎ作用を奏する被覆片としての立下り片２１Ｆ´（図６）を付設しておけば、段差継ぎ作業が容易、且つ、きれいに仕上がる。
【００１５】
また、段差継ぎ部材２１は、段差ＷＤ部を被覆する天端面板２１Ｕと前部立下り片２１Ｆと小口閉塞用の側部立下り片２１Ｆ´とを備え、該継ぎ部材２１の両側から、突出側の笠木端３Ｅは、天端水平板３Ｕを天端面板２１Ｕ下面に、立下り板３Ｆを前部立下り片２１Ｆの内面に挿入し、入り込み側の笠木端３Ｅ´は、天端水平板３Ｕを天端面板２１Ｕの下面に、立下り板３Ｆを側面立下り片２１Ｆ´の後部溝２１Ｇに挿入するのが好ましい。
【００１６】
従って、外壁Ｗの前方への突出側からの笠木３も、入り込み側の笠木３も、共に、段差継ぎ部材２１へ嵌入するだけで、パネルに固定された継ぎ部材２１に、平滑、且つきれいに装着出来、従来の笠木段差部でのコーナー役物笠木での加工施工及び付属するシーリング作業等、煩雑、且つ、困難な作業での段差部処理よりも、遥かに合理的に、且つ、きれいに仕上がる。
尚、この場合、継ぎ部材２１には、天端面板２１Ｕの下面、及び立下り片２１Ｆの内面に笠木挿入用の溝２１Ｇを介してガイド片２１Ｍを付設しておけば、笠木端３Ｅ，３Ｅ´の挿入がよりスムーズとなり、有利である。
【００１７】
また、外壁Ｗが、図１に示す如く、断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０とコンクリート壁ＷＣとの一体化した耐力壁Ｗ０部と、断熱複合パネルＰのみから成る帳壁Ｗ１部とを備えているのが好ましい。
この場合の外壁Ｗは、典型的には、本出願人が先に特願２００１−０２５１４２号として提案した鉄筋コンクリート造外断熱建築物である。
【００１８】
そして、該新規な建物は、帳壁パネルＰのみで帳壁Ｗ１部を構成するため、外壁の型枠工が耐力壁Ｗ０部のみとなり、外断熱建築物の建築費が大幅に合理化出来るものであり、該新規な外断熱建築物の外壁上部構造に本発明の通気構造を適用することにより、外壁の通気を保証し、且つ、強風にも耐えられる笠木配置が可能となり、しかも、帳壁Ｗ１部と耐力壁Ｗ０部との段差部もきれいに仕上がる。
勿論、帳壁用のパネルＰを耐力壁Ｗ０部に採用しても良く、この場合は、外壁を形成する全パネルＰを断熱層Ｐｂを面一に揃えて配置しても外壁面に段差は生じなく、笠木３の段差継ぎが不要となる。
【００１９】
また、耐力壁Ｗ０部は、内面に条溝ａ２を有するセメント板Ｐａ´と断熱層Ｐｂとを層着した耐力壁複合パネルＰ０を、コンクリート壁ＷＣと一体化形成し、帳壁Ｗ１部は、内部に貫通孔ａ１を有するセメント板Ｐａと断熱層Ｐｂとを層着してアングル鋼材の上枠１０ｔ及び下枠１０ｂを備えた帳壁複合パネルＰのみで形成するのが特に好ましい。
耐力壁Ｗ０部は、コンクリート壁ＷＣと一体化するため、耐力壁パネルＰ０は強度が必要なく、図２の如く、通気層ａ２と断熱層Ｐｂを備えた低コストのパネルＰ０の採用により、建築材料面からの合理化が達成出来、帳壁パネルＰは貫通孔ａ１を有する厚手のセメント板Ｐａと鋼材の上下枠１０ｔ，１０ｂを具備するため、帳壁としての必要強度を保持する。
【００２０】
従って、外壁Ｗの形成時に、帳壁Ｗ１部での壁型枠工の省略による型枠組みの合理化と、断熱複合パネルの帳壁Ｗ１部と耐力壁Ｗ０部での使い分けによる合理化により、外断熱建築物が合理的に建築出来る。
しかも、外壁上端での新規な笠木手段の併用により、充分な通気性能を備えた新規、且つ、画期的な通気性外断熱建築物が、合理的な建築費によって提供可能となる。
【００２１】
また、帳壁複合パネルＰのセメント板厚Ｔ１は耐力壁複合パネルＰ０のセメント板厚Ｔ１´より大であり、帳壁複合パネルＰと耐力壁複合パネルＰ０とは断熱層厚Ｔ２が同一であり、且つ、両複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０の断熱層Ｐｂを面一形態に配置するのが好ましい。
外断熱建築物に於いては、断熱層の配置形態が重要であり、各パネルＰ，Ｐ０の断熱層Ｐｂを面一に配置することにより、外壁の各パネル接続個所での熱的処理が不要、又は極めて容易となる。
【００２２】
そして、セメント板厚の異なる耐力壁パネルＰ０と帳壁パネルＰの各断熱層Ｐｂを面一に配置すれば、当然、外壁面で帳壁Ｗ１部が突出し、耐力壁Ｗ０部が入り込み、パネルＰとパネルＰ０との境界には段差ＷＤが生じるが、本発明の段差継ぎ部材２１を用いた段差ＷＤ部の処理手段の適用により、外壁上端の該段差ＷＤ部の処理が好適に、且つ、充分な通気機能を奏する形態できれいに実施出来、外壁の耐力壁Ｗ０部と帳壁Ｗ１部との凹凸は意匠効果すら発揮する。
【００２３】
また、笠木３の前端を係止保持するブラケット１６は、図３（Ｂ）に示す如く、下段水平片１６Ｄと上段水平片１６Ｕとを有し、下段水平片１６Ｄをセメント板Ｐａ，Ｐａ´上端前部に前後方向調整して取付けるのが好ましい。
笠木立下り板３Ｆは、外壁パネルＰ，Ｐ０の通気層ａ１，ａ２からの排気のために、パネル前面との間に間隔Ｇ３（図４、図５）を保持する必要があるが、ブラケット１６をセメント板Ｐａ，Ｐａ´の上端前部に取付ければ、ブラケット１６が小片と出来、しかも笠木上部内面の係止保持が合理的に実施出来る。
【００２４】
そしてこの場合、ブラケット１６は、図４、図５に示す如く、セメント板Ｐａ，Ｐａ´上端前部に下段水平片１６Ｄの前後方向の長孔Ｈ１６を介して固定し、上段水平片１６Ｕの前端を笠木３の内部前端に嵌入係止するのが、パネルＰ，Ｐ０と笠木３との前後方向位置調整が容易となり好ましい。
この場合、図３の如く、笠木３の立下り板３Ｆの基部に係合溝３Ｇを配置し、図４（Ｂ）の如く、ブラケット１６の上段水平片１６Ｕを係合溝３Ｇに嵌入係止すれば、ブラケット１６が小片であっても、笠木３の、天端水平板３Ｕの前端部の上下動規制を合理的に達成出来るので、特に有利である。
【００２５】
また、笠木３の下段水平板３Ｄの上面に防水層４ａを延設固着し、天端水平板３Ｕ後端と防水層表面Ｓ４との隙間Ｇ４にはシーリング４ｄを充填するのが好ましい。
この場合、笠木３の固定は、図４、図５の如く、下段水平板３Ｄの複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０上面の平坦面への固定となり、笠木３が従来（図８）の防水層上からの固定でないため、正確、且つ、安定した固定となり、ネジＮ３も防水層４ａで被覆されるため、従来の如きネジ固定孔からの雨水の浸入の恐れは生じない。
しかも、防水層４ａの端部もシーリング４ｄで処理するため、防水層４ａ面からの水の浸入は完全に阻止出来る。
【００２６】
また、笠木３の下段水平板３Ｄを、帳壁Ｗ１部にあっては帳壁複合パネルＰの上枠１０ｔに、耐力壁Ｗ０部にあっては耐力壁複合パネルＰ０の断熱層Ｐｂ上端の板材１１に固定するのが好ましい。
この場合、笠木３のパネルＰ，Ｐ０上面への取付けは、下段水平板３Ｄとパネル上端の平坦な上枠１０ｔ上面、又は下地材としての板材１１上面との取付けとなり、笠木３のネジＮ３又は接着剤による複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０上端面への固定が、均斉、且つ容易に実施出来、笠木３は、前端でのブラケット１６による係止保持と相俟って、前後２点での強固な固定となり、強風に煽られる損傷が抑制出来る。
【００２７】
また、本発明の笠木金具は、図３に示す如く、笠木３とブラケット１６とを含み、笠木３が、天端水平板３Ｕの前端からの立下り板３Ｆを連設すると共に、天端水平板３Ｕの後部の立上り片３Ｂ下端から後方に延出する下段水平板３Ｄを連設し、立下り板３Ｆの上端から内方への突出片３Ｍによって係合溝３Ｇを形成し、ブラケット１６が、上段水平片１６Ｕと垂直片１６Ｆと下段水平片１６Ｄから成り、下段水平片１６Ｄには取付用の前後方向の長孔Ｈ１６を有するものである（請求項１１）。
【００２８】
従って、該笠木金具にあっては、ブラケット１６が、複合パネル（帳壁パネル）Ｐにあっては、セメント板Ｐａの貫通孔ａ１間の仕切部Ｃ４から前面の板状部Ｃ１に亘る領域での長孔Ｈ１６を介した調整の下でのネジ固定で、複合パネル（耐力壁パネル）Ｐ０にあっては、セメント板Ｐａ´の板状部Ｃ３と引続く仕切部Ｃ５（図２）に亘る領域での長孔Ｈ１６を介した調整の下でのネジ固定で止着し、笠木３は、図４（Ｂ）、図５（Ｂ）の如く、立下り板３Ｆの係合溝３Ｇをブラケット上段水平片１６Ｕ先端と係合し、下段水平板３Ｄを各パネルＰ，Ｐ０上端にネジＮ３で固着することにより、各複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０上に笠木３を、前後の２点支持で強固に、且つ、ブラケット１６の前後位置調整により均斉に固定出来、しかも、ブラケット１６の垂直片１６Ｆと笠木立上り片３Ｂとの前後２点保持とによって、天端水平板３Ｕを所期の姿勢を保持した状態で固定出来る。
従って、該笠木３は、断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０の上端にのみ２点支持で固定出来るため、断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０を外壁に備えた外壁上端への装着が可能となり、パラペット上にも、屋上の床スラブ上にも適用可能である。
そして、立上り片３Ｂが存在するため、図４（Ｂ）、図５（Ｂ）の如く、断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０上端に固定する下段水平板３Ｄ上には防水層４ａでの被覆が可能となり、下段水平板３Ｄの取付部からの雨水の下段水平板３Ｄ下方への浸入も阻止出来る。
【００２９】
また、笠木３が、立上り片３Ｂ下端から前方に延出する突出片３Ｄ´を備えているのが好ましい。
この場合、突出片３Ｄ´は、図５の如く、下段水平板３Ｄから前方への延出形態であるため、パネル厚Ｔ０´の薄い複合パネルＰ０の上面に対しても当接支持面の拡大機能を奏し、笠木３の複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０への安定的固定を可能とする。
【００３０】
また、突出片３Ｄ´が基部に切込溝３ａを備えているのが好ましい。
この場合、突出片３Ｄ´は、作業現場での切込溝３ａを介した折曲作用により、手作業で比較的簡単に切断除去出来る。
従って、図４（Ｂ）の如く、突出片３Ｄ´が笠木３の複合パネルＰ上面への安定固定のメリットよりも、複合パネルＰの通気層としての貫通孔ａ１の部分阻止のデメリットが重大な場合は、作業現場で突出片３Ｄ´を除去して使用すれば良く、各複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０に対する笠木３の適用の自由度が増す。
【００３１】
【発明の実施の形態】
〔断熱複合パネル（図２）〕
図２（Ａ）は、帳壁複合パネルＰの一部切欠斜視図である。
即ち、帳壁複合パネルＰは、セメント板Ｐａ、断熱層Ｐｂ、石膏ボードＰｃの積層一体化物であり、セメント板Ｐａは、厚さＴ１が６０mm、外側板状部Ｃ１及び内側板状部Ｃ２が１３mmで幅ａｗが３４mmの上下貫通孔ａ１を内部に並列配置した形態に、セメント、硅酸質原料及び繊維物質原料を混合して押出成形し、オートクレーブ養生した押出成形セメント板である。
【００３２】
また、断熱層Ｐｂは、厚さＴ２が７５mmの硬質発泡ウレタンフォームであり、内面に１２．５mm厚の石膏ボードＰｃを有している。
そして、上枠１０ｔ、下枠１０ｂ及び側枠１０ｓを備え、セメント板ＰａをＺクリップを介して上下枠１０ｔ，１０ｂに係止したものであり、標準的パネルＰにあっては、６００mmのセメント板Ｐａの３枚を上枠１０ｔ及び下枠１０ｂに係止したパネル幅が１８００mmのものであり、典型的には、本出願人等の所有する特許第２９９９９８０号の外断熱複合パネルである。
【００３３】
図２（Ｂ）は、耐力壁複合パネルＰ０の一部切欠斜視図である。
即ち、耐力壁複合パネルＰ０は、セメント板Ｐａ´と断熱層Ｐｂの一体化積層品であり、従来の乾式密層型の外断熱複合パネルのタイプであって、セメント板Ｐａ´は板厚Ｔ１が２５mmで内面に多数の並設条溝ａ２を備えており、断熱層Ｐｂは厚さＴ２が７５mmで条溝ａ２をつぶさないように、セメント板Ｐａ´内面に積層一体化したものである。
尚、複合パネルＰ０は、コンクリート壁ＷＣの外型枠として用いるため、パネルＰ０の中央部には壁型枠組み用のセパレータ挿入孔を、両端部には皿ボルト挿入孔を穿設したものである。
【００３４】
〔笠木金具（図３）〕
笠木金具は笠木とブラケットから成り、図３（Ａ）が笠木３の斜視図、図３（Ｂ）がブラケット１６の斜視図である。
即ち、笠木３は、複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０の上端面Ｂｔ，Ｂｔ´に配置して屋上パラペットＰＲ又は屋上床の防水層４ａの端部を処理すると共に、外壁と屋上との見切りの役目、及び外壁パネルＰ，Ｐ０の通気層ａ１，ａ２からの空気流出を保証する部材であり、一般厚が２mm厚のアルミ製で、３０００mm長の直線部材である。
【００３５】
図３（Ａ）の如く、笠木３は、全幅ｄ３０が１２５mm、天端水平板３Ｕの幅ｄ３１が７５mm、下段水平板３Ｄの幅ｄ３２が６０mm、全高ｈ３０が４５mm、立上り片３Ｂの高さｈ３１が１８mm、下段水平板３Ｄから前方への突出片３Ｄ´の幅ｄ３３が２５mm、天端水平板３Ｕの前端からは高さｈ３０（４５mm）の立下り板３Ｆが垂下し、先端には水切役目の７mm長のアンカー片３Ｆ´を４５°で前方へ延出すると共に、立下り板３Ｆの強度保持用及びアンカー片３Ｆ´からの上昇雨水の水切り役の突出片３Ｍ´を５mm長突出している。
また、立下り板３Ｆの上端内部にも５mm幅の突出片３Ｍを後方に突出し、天端水平板３Ｕ下面と突出片３Ｍとの間に幅２．５mmの係合溝３Ｇを形成したものであり、突出片３Ｄ´の基部には接曲用の溝３ａを付設したものである。
【００３６】
また、ブラケット１６は、図３（Ｂ）に示す如く、２mm厚のアルミ製の板金屈曲片であって、上段水平片１６Ｕの幅ｄ１６が１２mm、垂直片１６Ｆの高さｈ１６が１８mm、下段水平片１６Ｄの幅ｄ１６´が２５mmで、中央には幅４mm、長さ８mmの長孔Ｈ１６を備えたものであり、長さＬ１６は３０mmである。
【００３７】
〔段差継ぎ部材２１（図６、図７）〕
図６（Ａ）は段差継ぎ部材２１の斜視図であり、図６（Ｂ）は図６（Ａ）の矢印Ｂ斜視図、即ち平面図であり、図６（Ｃ）は、図６（Ａ）の矢印Ｃ斜視図、即ち側面図である。
継ぎ部材２１は、両側から各笠木端を挿入するための挿入溝２１Ｇ，２１Ｇ´と、笠木継ぎ部を覆う天端面板２１Ｕを備えた金属板状片の組合せ一体化物である。
勿論、６ナイロン等のプラスチックで成形しても良い。
そして、図６に示す如く、天端面板２１Ｕと前部立下り片２１Ｆと側部立下り片２１Ｆ´とを備え、１側の突出側（ＳＲ側）の笠木端３Ｅの挿入部は、前部立下り片２１Ｆと内側の立下りガイド片２１Ｍ´とを挿入溝２１Ｇを介して並設し、天端面板２１Ｕと下面の水平ガイド片２１Ｍとを挿入溝２１Ｇを保って並設し、各ガイド片２１Ｍ，２１Ｍ´は平滑挿入を助けるために若干（１５mm）突出させた構造である。
【００３８】
また、他側の入り込み側（ＳＬ側）の笠木端３Ｅ´の挿入部は、前部立下り片２１Ｆに直交する側部立下り片２１Ｆ´を有し、該側部立下り片２１Ｆ´の後部垂直縁ＶＥと挿入溝２１Ｇを保って側部立下り片２１Ｆ´と直交する立下りガイド片２１Ｍ´を有し、天端面板２１Ｕと挿入溝２１Ｇを保って水平ガイド片２１Ｍを備えた構造であり、側部立下り片２１Ｆ´が段差ＷＤの小口覆いの役割を果すものであり、側部立下り片２１Ｆ´の幅ＷＳは外壁Ｗの段差ＷＤの寸法に応じて設定する。
また、１側の挿入部ＳＲ側も、他側の挿入部ＳＬ側も、共に、水平ガイド片２１Ｍと立下りガイド片２１Ｍ´とが成す角部には挿入溝２１Ｇ´を形成する。
【００３９】
そして、これら各板状の天端面板２１Ｕ、前部立下り片２１Ｆ、側部立下り片２１Ｆ´、水平ガイド片２１Ｍ、立下りガイド片２１Ｍ´は、補強、兼ストッパーの役割を果す仕切片２１Ｐにより一体化しており、仕切片２１Ｐの下面からは、継ぎ部材２１を断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０の上端に固定するためのベース２１Ｂを突出形成する。
尚、ベース２１Ｂと天端面板２１Ｕ後部との間隔は、笠木３同様に、屋上の防水層４ａを載置貼着し、シーリング４ｄ（図４）を充填するためである。
また、前部立下り片２１Ｆ及び側部立下り片２１Ｆ´の下端には、それぞれ水切用の斜片２１Ｆ"を設ける。
【００４０】
段差継ぎ部材２１の寸法関係は、ＳＲ側（笠木突出側）、ＳＬ側（笠木入り込み側）共、天端面板２１Ｕと水平ガイド片２１Ｍとの挿入溝２１Ｇに笠木３の天端水平板３Ｕが、前部立下り片２１Ｆと立下りガイド片２１Ｍ´との挿入溝２１Ｇ、及び側部立下り片２１Ｆ´の後部垂直縁ＶＥと立下りガイド片２１Ｍ´との間の挿入溝２１Ｇは、笠木３の立下り板３Ｆが挿入嵌合する寸法である。
また、ＳＲ側及びＳＬ側の各水平ガイド片２１Ｍと立下りガイド片２１Ｍ´の角部外側の挿入溝２１Ｇ´は、笠木３のブラケット係止用の突片３Ｍが嵌入する寸法であり、ＳＲ側、ＳＬ側の仕切片２１Ｐは、各笠木端３Ｅ，３Ｅ´の挿入位置を規制する壁である。
尚、図６、図７はＳＲ側（右側）が突出部であるが、建材としては、ＳＲ側が入り込み側でＳＬ側が突出側となる継ぎ部材２１も用意する。
【００４１】
〔外壁上端の通気構造形成〕
図１は、本出願人が、先に特願２００１−０２５１４２号として提案した新規な外断熱建築物に本発明を適用した図であって、鉄筋コンクリート造外断熱建築物の外壁Ｗは、図１に示す如く、耐力壁Ｗ０部と耐力壁Ｗ０部間に窓等の開口部を含む広い領域の帳壁Ｗ１部とを形成する。
即ち、耐力壁Ｗ０部は、慣用の工法で耐力壁複合パネルＰ０（図２）をコンクリート壁型枠に用いて型組みし、帳壁Ｗ１部では、帳壁複合パネルＰを耐力壁複合パネルＰ０と断熱層Ｐｂを面一になるように、下枠１０ｂをコンクリート床スラブ前端に固定した金具（図示せず）に係止し、上枠１０ｔを固定金具（図示せず）を介して上階床スラブ型枠に組付け、床スラブコンクリートと耐力壁コンクリートとを同時に打設し、耐力壁Ｗ０部では耐力壁複合パネルＰ０とコンクリート壁ＷＣとの一体化した耐力壁Ｗ０を、各耐力壁Ｗ０部間には帳壁複合パネルＰのみから成る帳壁Ｗ１部を形成する。
【００４２】
図１は、基礎１の上に外壁Ｗを形成し、慣用の腰水切２、窓５等を配置した状態であり、外壁Ｗを構成する耐力壁複合パネルＰ０は、通気層ａ２により、帳壁複合パネルＰは通気層ａ１により、それぞれ外壁下端の腰水切２から上端まで、外壁Ｗは通気可能に各複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０相互を上下に連接しておく。
耐力壁複合パネルＰ０と帳壁複合パネルＰとを、断熱層Ｐｂを同一面に揃えて配置したため、外壁面は、帳壁複合パネルＰが突出し、耐力壁複合パネルＰ０が入り込んだ形態となる。
【００４３】
笠木３は、帳壁Ｗ１部では、図４に示す如く、帳壁複合パネルＰのセメント板Ｐａの上端前部の板状部Ｃ１から仕切部Ｃ４に亘る部分に、ブラケット１６の下段水平片１６Ｄを、長孔Ｈ１６を介してネジＮ１６で固定し、各ブラケット１６を約６００mmの間隔で配置し、該ブラケット１６の上段水平片１６Ｕの前端に笠木の係合溝３Ｇを嵌合し、笠木３の下段水平板３Ｄを帳壁複合パネルＰの上枠１０ｔにネジＮ３で固定する。
尚、下段水平板３Ｄと同じレベルの突出片３Ｄ´は基部の切込溝３ａから切落しておく。
【００４４】
また、耐力壁Ｗ０部では、図５に示す如く、耐力壁複合パネルＰ０のセメント板Ｐａ´の板状部Ｃ３から仕切部Ｃ５に亘る部分に、ブラケット１６の下段水平片１６Ｄを、長孔Ｈ１６を介してネジＮ１６で固定し、各ブラケット１６を約６００mmの間隔で配置し、笠木３の係合溝３Ｇをブラケット上段水平片１６Ｕの前端に嵌合し、笠木３の下段水平板３Ｄを耐力壁複合パネルＰ０の断熱層Ｐｂ上に予め接着固定した板材１１にネジＮ３で固定する。
【００４５】
図１に示す如く、外壁Ｗの帳壁Ｗ１部（突出部）と耐力壁Ｗ０部（入り込み部）との境界の段差ＷＤ部には、図７（Ａ）に示す如く、段差継ぎ部材２１を帳壁複合パネルＰの端部に、ベース２１Ｂを上枠１０ｔにネジＮ２１で固定する。
そして、段差継ぎ部材２１のＳＲ側からとＳＬ側から、それぞれ、笠木端３Ｅ，３Ｅ´を、笠木の天端水平板３Ｕを継ぎ部材２１の天端面板２１Ｕと水平ガイド片２１Ｍとの隙間の挿入溝２１Ｇに、笠木のＳＲ側の立下り板３Ｆを継ぎ部材２１の前部立下り片２１Ｆと立下りガイド片２１Ｍ´との隙間の挿入溝３Ｇに、笠木のＳＬ側の立下り板３Ｆを、継ぎ部材２１の側部立下り片２１Ｆ´の後部垂直縁と立下りガイド片２１Ｍ´との隙間の挿入溝２１Ｇに挿入し、各笠木端３Ｅ，３Ｅ´の上部内面の突出片３Ｍを、それぞれ継ぎ部材２１の挿入溝２１Ｇ´に挿入する。
【００４６】
次いで、屋上から延設した防水層４ａを笠木３の下段水平板３Ｄ上に配置し、図４、図５に示す如く、防水層４ａの端部を笠木３の立上り片３Ｂに当接形態として天端水平板３Ｕと防水層４ａの表面Ｓ４のとの隙間にシーリング４ｄを充填する。
勿論、段差継ぎ部材２１にあっても、図６（Ｃ）及び図７（Ａ）から明らかな如く、ベース２１Ｂは、笠木の下段水平板３Ｄと同様に複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０の上端面にネジＮ２１で固定し、且つ、天端面板２１Ｕよりも後方まで延出しているため、防水層４ａは、継ぎ部材のベース２１Ｂ上で後端の仕切片（ストッパー）２１Ｐ（図６（Ｂ））に当接し、天端面板２１Ｕと防水層４ａとの隙間にもシーリング４ｄ（図示せず）を充填する。
【００４７】
〔実施効果〕
鉄筋コンクリート造外断熱建築物として構造上必要な耐力壁Ｗ０部以外の外壁を外断熱複合パネルＰのみの帳壁としたため、従来の非耐力壁部でのコンクリート壁型枠工が省略出来、建築コストが大幅に合理化出来る。
また、外壁パネルＰ，Ｐ０は、従来の外断熱工法では最も低コストの密着型を採用しながら、内部に通気層ａ１，ａ２を有するため、外装材（セメント板Ｐａ，Ｐａ´）と断熱層Ｐｂとの境界面に生じる内部結露を防止し、且つ、ヒートストレスを受ける外装材の保護も可能となり、外装材の耐久性が向上する。
【００４８】
更に、外壁上端は、パラペットＰＲの有無に関係なく、セメント板を外装材として備えた外断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０を用いる鉄筋コンクリート造又は鉄骨造外断熱建築物全てに本発明の笠木３が適用出来る。
そして、本発明笠木３は、アングル笠木の系統に属しながら、屋上防水層４ａに影響されることなく複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０上端に精度良く取付けることが出来、しかも、前端部と後端部の２点支持のため、強風に煽られても、浮揚、変形、損傷を生じない強固な配置が可能であり、且つ、外壁の通気層ａ１，ａ２からの排気が図４（Ｂ）及び図５（Ｂ）の空気流ｆの如く、保証出来る。
【００４９】
即ち、本発明の笠木は、コスト面では、従来のオープン笠木の１／３であり、アングル笠木より若干（９%位）のコストアップでありながら、従来のオープン笠木及びアングル笠木では期待出来ない取付作業性及び機能上の画期的メリットを奏する。
更に、外壁に段差ＷＤ部があっても、新規な段差継ぎ部材２１によって合理的、且つ、きれいに連結出来、従来の留め具やシーリング等の煩雑な作業が合理化出来る。
【００５０】
即ち、実施態様で得られる建物は、鉄筋コンクリート造の外断熱通気層建築物としての断熱性、結露防止性、耐火性等の所望機能全てを具備しながら、帳壁Ｗ１部を外断熱複合パネルＰのみで形成することにより、大幅な建築コストの低減が可能となり、外壁Ｗの耐力壁Ｗ０部と帳壁Ｗ１部への笠木３の配置も、従来のオープン笠木よりもはるかに低コストの笠木によって簡単、且つ容易に達成出来、従来の鉄筋コンクリー造外断熱建築と比較して、画期的な建築費の合理化が達成出来る。
【００５１】
〔その他〕
図１の笠木３の直線状の継ぎ部Ａ、出隅部Ｂ、入隅部Ｃは、従来慣用の各種継ぎ部材を、本発明笠木３の断面形上に適合出来るようにアレンジして使用することが出来るが、この場合、これら各部の継ぎ部材（図示せず）も、本発明の新規な笠木金具同様に、外壁の断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０上端面Ｂｔ，Ｂｔ´にのみ固定するのが有利である。
また、笠木３を帳壁パネルＰ上に配置する場合には、突片３Ｄ´を切落さなくても、貫通孔ａ１は耐力壁パネルＰ０の条溝ａ２と同様か、それ以上の通気性能を保持する。
【００５２】
また、帳壁パネルＰは、コンクリート躯体（床スラブ）との結合強度及び外壁としての強度を保持すれば良いので、図２（Ａ）の特許第２９９９９８０号のパネル以外の、鋼材の上枠１０ｔ及び下枠１０ｂを備え、側枠１０ｓと同等又はそれ以上の強度を発揮する補強鋼板（図示せず）を上下枠１０ｔ，１０ｂ間に固定したパネルの採用が可能であり、この場合、鋼材側枠１０ｓが存在しないため熱橋阻止上有利である。
【００５３】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、笠木３を断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０のセメント板Ｐａ，Ｐａ´と断熱層Ｐｂ上部とに固定するため、セメント板Ｐａ，Ｐａ´を外装材とする断熱複合パネルを外壁に備えた外壁上端部なら笠木３の装着が可能であり、パラペットＰＲ上にも、屋上の床スラブ上にも適用可能である。
しかも、笠木３は、前端内部でのブラケット１６による係止保持と、後方に延出する下段水平板３Ｄとの前後の２点止着であるために強固な保持が達成出来、外壁パネルＰ，Ｐ０の通気層ａ１，ａ２からの充分な排気構造を保証すると共に、強風作用を受けても、従来のアングル笠木の如く、浮揚、損傷を生じない。
【００５４】
また、新規な笠木３に新規な段差継ぎ部材２１を併用することにより、外断熱外壁を段差ＷＤ配置して外壁の意匠効果を発揮することも、厚さの異なる断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０を併用することも可能となり、外断熱建築物に於ける外壁設計の自由度が向上する。
しかも、段差継ぎ部材２１自体も断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０上に固定するため、断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０上に前後の２点支持で強固に保持される笠木３と相俟って、強固、且つ、きれいな笠木配置が可能となる。
【００５５】
また、外壁Ｗは、断熱複合パネルＰ，Ｐ０とコンクリート壁ＷＣとの一体化した耐力壁Ｗ０部と、断熱複合パネルＰのみの帳壁Ｗ１部とで形成するため、外壁Ｗの型枠工が耐力壁Ｗ０部のみとなり、帳壁Ｗ１部での壁型枠工が省略出来て外断熱建築物の建築費が大幅に合理化出来る。
しかも、外壁上端での新規な笠木手段の併用により、充分な通気性能を備えた新規、且つ、画期的な通気性外断熱建築物が、合理的な建築費によって提供可能となる。
【００５６】
本発明の笠木金具にあっては、ブラケット１６は、帳壁パネルＰでは、セメント板Ｐａの前面の板状部Ｃ１と仕切部Ｃ４に亘る領域に、耐力壁パネルＰ０では、セメント板Ｐａ´の板状部Ｃ３と引続く仕切部Ｃ５の領域に、長孔Ｈ１６を介して前後調整しながら固着出来、笠木３は、立下り板３Ｆの係合溝３Ｇをブラケット上段水平片１６Ｕの先端と係合し、下段水平板３Ｄを各パネルＰ，Ｐ０上端にネジＮ３で固着出来るため、帳壁複合パネルＰ、及び耐力壁複合パネルＰ０上に笠木を前後２点支持で強固に、且つ前後位置を均斉に配置出来る。
しかも、ブラケット１６の垂直片１６Ｆと笠木３の立上り片３Ｂとによって、笠木３は、天端水平板３Ｕが所期の姿勢を保持した状態で強固に配置出来る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明外壁の説明斜視図である。
【図２】本発明パネルの斜視図であって、（Ａ）は帳壁パネルＰであり、（Ｂ）は耐力壁パネルＰ０である。
【図３】本発明の笠木金具の斜視図であって、（Ａ）は笠木３であり、（Ｂ）はブラケット１６である。
【図４】本発明の帳壁Ｗ１部上端説明図であって、（Ａ）は側面図であり、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）のＢ部拡大図であり、（Ｃ）は（Ａ）のＣ部の斜視図である。
【図５】本発明の耐力壁Ｗ０部上端説明図であって、（Ａ）は側面図であり、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）のＢ部拡大図である。
【図６】本発明に用いる段差継ぎ部材２１の説明図であって、（Ａ）は全体斜視図、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）の平面図、（Ｃ）は（Ａ）のＣ方向側面図である。
【図７】段差継ぎ部材２１の説明図であって、（Ａ）は継ぎ部材２１と笠木３及びパネルＰ，Ｐ０の関係を示す平面図、（Ｂ）は笠木を段差継ぎした状態の斜視図である。
【図８】従来例図であって、（Ａ）はオープン笠木の利用状態を、（Ｂ）はアングル笠木の利用状態を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
１：基礎、２：腰水切、３：笠木、
３ａ：切込溝、３Ｂ：立上り片、３Ｄ：下段水平板、
３Ｄ´：突出片、３Ｆ：立下り板、３Ｆ´：斜片（アンカー片）、
３Ｇ：係合溝、３Ｍ，３Ｍ´：突出片、３Ｕ：天端水平板、
４：屋上、４ａ：防水層、４ｂ、４ｂ´：断熱層、
４ｃ：防水下地モルタル、４ｄ：シーリング、
５：窓、１０ｔ：上枠、１０ｂ：下枠、
１０ｓ：側枠、１１：板材（下地材）、１６：ブラケット、
１６Ｄ：下段水平片、１６Ｆ：垂直片、１６Ｕ：上段水平片、
２１：段差継ぎ部材（継ぎ部材）、２１Ｂ：ベース、
２１Ｆ：前部立下り片、２１Ｆ´：側部立下り片、
２１Ｆ"：斜片、２１Ｇ，２１Ｇ´：挿入溝、
２１Ｍ：水平ガイド片（ガイド片）、
２１Ｍ´：立下りガイド片（ガイド片）、
２１Ｐ：仕切片（ストッパー）、２１Ｕ：天端面板、
ａ１：貫通孔（通気層）、ａ２：条溝（通気層）、
Ｂｅ，Ｂｅ´：パネル下端面、Ｂｔ，Ｂｔ´：パネル上端面、
Ｃ１，Ｃ２，Ｃ３：板状部（板部）、Ｃ４，Ｃ５：仕切部、
Ｐ：帳壁複合パネル（断熱複合パネル）、
Ｐ０：耐力壁複合パネル（断熱複合パネル）、
Ｐａ，Ｐａ´：セメント板（外装板）、Ｐｂ：断熱層、
Ｐｃ：石膏ボード（内装材）、
Ｗ：外壁、Ｗ０：耐力壁、Ｗ１：帳壁、
Ｈ１６：長孔、Ｎ３，Ｎ１６：ネジ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a ventilation structure at the upper end of an outer wall in a reinforced concrete or steel frame outer heat insulation building, and more particularly, to a structure for mounting a headboard to the upper end of an outer wall provided with a ventilation layer and a headboard hardware to be used. It belongs to the construction field of reinforced concrete structures and steel structure buildings.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, various headboards have been adopted at the top of the exterior material forming the outer wall of the building as a parting material for the exterior and the rooftop, and as a waterproof end restraint for the rooftop. The conventional headboards are roughly classified into an open headboard and an angle headboard. FIG. 8A is a typical example of an open headboard, and FIG. 8B is a typical example of an angle headboard.
[0003]
FIG. 8 (A) is an example in which an open headboard is applied to a ventilation layer type building, and the open headboard is attached to the upper end of a concrete parapet via a bracket as shown in the figure, and is insulated by laying on the upper end of the parapet. From the top of the waterproof layer that covers the top surface of the heat insulating layer and the heat insulation layer, adjust the bracket in a form that covers the entire width of the parapet with a nylon plug, etc., and fix it to the parapet by opening it at the front and rear ends where the bracket is bent down Engage and lock the claws on the edge of the falling edge at the front end and rear end of the headboard of the headboard, cover the heat insulation layer of the outer wall and the upper end of the exterior with open headboard, and the air rising from the ventilation layer Like f, it discharge | releases outward from the space | interval of the outer surface of an exterior material, and the falling piece of a coping.
[0004]
As shown in FIG. 8 (B), the angle headboard has a cross-sectional angle form composed of a face plate and a falling piece, and the face plate is brought into contact with a floor slab or a waterproof layer covered with parapet concrete, The rear bulging part is driven and fixed to concrete with a nylon plug or the like, and the end of the waterproof layer is suppressed smoothly and the falling piece prevents entry of rainwater into the end of the waterproof layer.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the open headboard of FIG. 8 (A), sealing is not required and outside air circulates through the ventilation space between the headboard and the waterproof layer to prevent intrusion of rainwater. Although it can be released, and maintaining the straight connection has the advantage that it can be adjusted by the long hole of the bracket, application to an external insulation building increases the width of the head (the distance between the front and rear falling pieces) corresponding to the insulation layer thickness, and costs It will be up.
Moreover, since it fits with the form which the front and back falling pieces coat | cover, it is applicable only to a parapet and cannot be applied to flat upper end part structures, such as a rooftop floor slab.
[0006]
In addition, if there is a step in the length direction on the upper front surface of the outer wall, sealing is performed by applying a small closing member to the end of the head portion that protrudes forward at the step portion, or a special step with a step is provided. It is necessary to produce a small piece of caps, interpose a special stepped caps between the wide side caps on the protruding side and the narrow side caps on the entering side, and to produce and arrange a joint joint with a different width between the ends of both caps. Dealing with the steps of the outer wall at the open headboard is a complicated and difficult task, and maintaining clean continuity is a difficult task.
[0007]
The angle headboard in FIG. 8B does not have the support brackets on both ends like the open headboard, and is directly press-fixed on the waterproof layer, so it is easy to install and is more advantageous in terms of cost than the open headboard. 1/4) However, since the face plate is placed directly on the waterproof layer and fixed, the height adjustment is performed by a thin plate (aluminum) packing between the headboard face plate and the waterproof layer. When the allowance is large, a gap is formed between the rear portion of the angle headboard and the waterproof layer, and rainwater enters and penetrates into the floor slab from the nylon plug (fixing screw). Therefore, it is necessary to perform sealing.
Moreover, since there is no ventilation space below the face plate, the angle headboard is not considered for immediate application to the upper end of the outer wall provided with the ventilation layer.
[0008]
And even if an angle headboard is attached to the upper end of the outer wall of the outer heat insulation provided with a ventilation layer, a top plate is interposed between the waterproof layer and the outer wall upper end, and the angle headboard face plate is attached to the upper end of the outer wall. It is necessary to form a ventilation space from the outside and project outwardly by the width of the exterior material having a heat insulating layer and a ventilation hole outside the outer wall as shown in the open headboard of FIG.
[0009]
However, the angle headboard is only fixed to the floor slab or parapet concrete at the rear part of the face plate, and the falling piece at the front end is away from the fixing point of the face material. However, there is even a danger that the headboard will come off due to the generation of unpleasant noise, the intrusion of rainwater into the waterproof layer interface, and the lifting of the headboard.
[0010]
Therefore, at present, it is dangerous to adopt the angle headboard for the outer heat insulation ventilation method, and the industry recognizes that the angle headboard cannot be used for the outer heat insulation ventilation method.
The present invention analyzes and solves the problems of open and angle headboards as described above, develops new headboard metal fittings that solve or improve the problems of conventional headboards, and external walls of reinforced concrete and steel frame outer heat insulation buildings. It is possible to provide an advantageous ventilation structure at the upper end.
[0011]
[Means for solving the problems and actions]
For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the present invention is a building in which an outer wall W is provided with heat insulating composite panels P and P0 in which cement boards Pa and Pa ′ having ventilation layers a1 and a2 and heat insulating layers Pb are laminated. At the upper end of the outer wall W, the brackets 16 are fixed to the front ends of the cement plates Pa and Pa ′ of the panels P and P0 at appropriate intervals, and the front end falling plate 3F, the top end horizontal plate 3U, From the lower end of the rising piece 3B at the rear of the top horizontal plate 3U The inner front end of the headboard 3 provided with a lower horizontal plate 3D extending rearward is locked to the bracket 16, and the lower horizontal plate 3D is fixed to the upper part of the heat insulating composite panels P and P0. This is a ventilation structure at the upper end of the outer wall in the outer heat insulation building in which the air flow f from the ventilation layers a1 and a2 is discharged from the falling plate 3F of the headboard 3 (Claim 1).
[0012]
The bracket 16 only needs to perform the function of holding the front portion of the headboard 3. Therefore, “the inner front end of the headboard 3” has a broad meaning including the inner surface of the falling plate 3F.
In addition, the meaning of “fixing” of the lower horizontal plate 3D of the headboard 3 on the heat insulating composite panels P and P0 is not only directly fixed to the upper frame 10t of the composite panel P as shown in FIG. It includes a plate material 11 as a base material attached to the composite panel P0 and is fixed to the plate material 11, which has a broad meaning including not only screw fixing as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, but also fixing such as adhesion.
Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the outer wall W can be formed with only one of a thick heat insulating composite panel P having a panel thickness T0 and a thin heat insulating composite panel P0 having a panel thickness T0 ′. It is also possible to form by using P0 in a mixed manner.
[0013]
Therefore, the present invention is As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. On the heat insulating composite panels P, P0 only Insulated composite panel for fixing P or P0 On the outer wall Panels P and P0 At the upper end, it is possible to mount the caps 3 on the parapet or on the roof slab. , Kasagi 3 Applicable.
Moreover, the headboard 3 is locked by the bracket 16 inside the front end and the lower horizontal plate 3D extending rearward. Fixing to the top of the heat insulating composite panel P or P0, Because it is two-point fastening before and after While being fixed only on the insulation composite panel, A strong holding can be achieved, and a sufficient exhaust structure from the ventilation layers a1 and a2 of the outer wall panels P and P0 can be ensured, and even if the strong wind action of the arrow A as shown in FIG. There is no levitation like Kasagi.
And since the rising piece 3B exists between the top horizontal plate 3U and the lower horizontal plate 3D, the waterproof layer 4a covers the lower horizontal plate 3D as shown in FIG. 4B, and the lower horizontal plate 3D Infiltration of rainwater from the mounting part to the heat insulating composite panels P and P0 can be prevented .
[0014]
Further, when the outer wall surface has a step WD, the end portion of the headboard 3 is inserted into the step joint member 21 fixed to the upper end surface of the heat insulating composite panels P and P0 at the step WD portion so that the headboard 3 is disposed. It is preferable to do this.
In this case, even if the outer heat insulating outer wall is stepped from the design surface, it becomes possible to use the wall panels P and P0 having different thicknesses in combination, and the degree of freedom in forming the outer wall is increased.
Further, since the step joint member itself is fixed on the heat insulating composite panels P and P0, it is combined with the headboard 3 that is firmly supported on the heat insulating composite panels P and P0, and a strong and clean headboard arrangement is provided. Is possible.
Of course, if a falling piece 21F ′ (FIG. 6) as a covering piece that exerts a small-mouth closing action is attached to one side of the step joint member, the step joint work is easy and clean.
[0015]
Further, the step joint member 21 includes a top end face plate 21U that covers the step WD portion, a front falling piece 21F, and a side falling piece 21F ′ for closing a small mouth, and protrudes from both sides of the joint member 21. The side head end 3E has the top end horizontal plate 3U inserted into the bottom surface of the top end face plate 21U and the falling plate 3F inserted into the inner surface of the front end falling piece 21F, and the entry side head end 3E 'has the top end horizontal plate 3U is the lower surface of the top end face plate 21U, and the falling plate 3F is the rear groove 2 of the side falling piece 21F ′. 1 Insertion into G is preferred.
[0016]
Therefore, both the headboard 3 protruding from the front side of the outer wall W and the headboard 3 on the entry side are fitted into the step joint member 21 so that the joint member 21 fixed to the panel is smoothly and smoothly mounted. This is far more rational and clean than the step processing in the complicated and difficult operations such as the conventional corner work at the step portion of the headboard and the accompanying sealing work.
In this case, if the guide member 21M is attached to the joint member 21 on the lower surface of the top end face plate 21U and the inner surface of the falling piece 21F via the groove insertion groove 21G, the edge portions 3E and 3E are formed. ′ Insertion is smoother and advantageous.
[0017]
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the outer wall W is provided with a load-bearing wall W0 portion in which the heat insulating composite panels P and P0 and the concrete wall WC are integrated, and a book wall W1 portion made of only the heat insulating composite panel P. Is preferred.
The outer wall W in this case is typically a reinforced concrete external heat insulating building previously proposed by the present applicant as Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-025142.
[0018]
And since this new building comprises the book wall W1 part only with the book wall panel P, the formwork of the outer wall becomes only the load-bearing wall W0 part, and the construction cost of the outer heat insulation building can be greatly rationalized. In addition, by applying the ventilation structure of the present invention to the outer wall upper structure of the novel outer heat insulating building, it is possible to arrange the headboard which guarantees the ventilation of the outer wall and can withstand strong winds, and the book wall W1. The step between the part and the load-bearing wall W0 is also finished neatly.
Of course, the panel P for the book wall may be adopted as the load bearing wall W0. In this case, even if all the panels P forming the outer wall are arranged with the heat insulating layer Pb flush with each other, there is a step on the outer wall surface. It does not occur, and the step joining of the headboard 3 becomes unnecessary.
[0019]
In addition, the load bearing wall W0 part is integrally formed with the concrete wall WC, the load bearing wall composite panel P0 in which the cement plate Pa ′ having the groove a2 on the inner surface and the heat insulating layer Pb are layered. It is particularly preferable that the cement plate Pa having a through hole a1 and the heat insulating layer Pb are layered to form only the book wall composite panel P having the upper frame 10t and the lower frame 10b of the angle steel material.
Since the load-bearing wall W0 is integrated with the concrete wall WC, the load-bearing wall panel P0 does not require strength. As shown in FIG. 2, the use of the low-cost panel P0 including the ventilation layer a2 and the heat-insulating layer Pb Rationalization from the material side can be achieved, and the book wall panel P includes the thick cement plate Pa having the through holes a1 and the upper and lower frames 10t and 10b made of steel, and thus maintains the necessary strength as a book wall.
[0020]
Therefore, at the time of forming the outer wall W, it is possible to rationalize the formwork by omitting the wall formwork at the book wall W1, and by rationalizing the heat insulation composite panel between the book wall W1 and the load-bearing wall W0. Things can be reasonably constructed.
In addition, by using the new headboard means at the upper end of the outer wall, a new and innovative breathable outer heat insulating building with sufficient ventilation performance can be provided at a reasonable construction cost.
[0021]
The cement wall thickness T1 of the book wall composite panel P is larger than the cement plate thickness T1 'of the load bearing wall composite panel P0, and the heat insulation layer thickness T2 is the same between the book wall composite panel P and the load bearing wall composite panel P0. And it is preferable to arrange | position the heat insulation layer Pb of both the composite panels P and P0 in the same form.
In the outer heat insulation building, the arrangement form of the heat insulation layer is important. By arranging the heat insulation layer Pb of each panel P, P0 flush with each other, no thermal treatment is required at each panel connection point of the outer wall. Or very easy.
[0022]
If the heat-insulating layers Pb of the load-bearing wall panel P0 and the book wall panel P having different cement plate thicknesses are arranged flush with each other, naturally, the book wall W1 portion protrudes from the outer wall surface, and the load-bearing wall W0 portion enters, and the panel P A step WD occurs at the boundary between the panel P0 and the processing of the step WD portion using the step joint member 21 of the present invention, and the processing of the step WD portion at the upper end of the outer wall is suitably and sufficiently performed. It can be neatly implemented in a form that exhibits a good ventilation function, and the unevenness between the load-bearing wall W0 and the wall W1 of the outer wall exhibits even a design effect.
[0023]
Further, the bracket 16 for latching and holding the front end of the headboard 3 has a lower horizontal piece 16D and an upper horizontal piece 16U as shown in FIG. 3B, and the lower horizontal piece 16D is attached to the upper ends of the cement plates Pa and Pa ′. It is preferable to adjust the front part in the front-rear direction.
It is necessary to maintain the gap G3 (FIGS. 4 and 5) between the front face of the panel and the front panel 3F for exhausting from the ventilation layers a1 and a2 of the outer wall panels P and P0. Is attached to the upper front part of the cement plates Pa and Pa ', the bracket 16 can be made into a small piece, and the locking and holding of the upper inner surface of the cap can be rationally implemented.
[0024]
In this case, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the bracket 16 is fixed to the cement plate Pa, Pa ′ upper front part through a long hole H16 in the front-rear direction of the lower horizontal piece 16D, and the front end of the upper horizontal piece 16U. Is preferably fitted and locked to the inner front end of the headboard 3 because the positions of the panels P, P0 and the headboard 3 can be easily adjusted in the front-rear direction.
In this case, 3 The engaging groove 3G is arranged at the base of the falling plate 3F of the headboard 3 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. If the upper horizontal piece 16U of the bracket 16 is fitted and locked in the engaging groove 3G, even if the bracket 16 is a small piece, the vertical movement regulation of the front end of the top horizontal plate 3U of the top 3 can be reasonably achieved. So it is particularly advantageous.
[0025]
Moreover, it is preferable that the waterproof layer 4a is extended and fixed on the upper surface of the lower horizontal plate 3D of the headboard 3, and the gap G4 between the rear end of the top horizontal plate 3U and the waterproof layer surface S4 is filled with the sealing 4d.
In this case, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the fixing of the headboard 3 is fixed to the flat surface of the upper surface of the composite panel P, P0 of the lower horizontal plate 3D, and the headboard 3 is attached to the conventional waterproof layer (FIG. 8). Since it is not fixed, accurate and stable fixing is achieved, and the screw N3 is also covered with the waterproof layer 4a, so that there is no fear of rainwater entering from the screw fixing hole as in the prior art.
In addition, since the end portion of the waterproof layer 4a is also processed by the sealing 4d, water can be completely prevented from entering from the surface of the waterproof layer 4a.
[0026]
Further, the lower horizontal plate 3D of the headboard 3 is placed on the upper frame 10t of the book wall composite panel P in the case of the book wall W1 and on the upper end of the heat insulating layer Pb of the load bearing wall composite panel P0 in the case of the load bearing wall W0. 11 is preferably fixed.
In this case, the mounting of the headboard 3 on the upper surfaces of the panels P and P0 is performed by mounting the lower horizontal plate 3D and the upper surface of the flat upper frame 10t at the upper end of the panel or the upper surface of the plate 11 as the base material. Fixing to the upper end surface of the composite panels P, P0 with an adhesive can be carried out uniformly and easily, and the coping 3 is firmly fixed at two points in the front and rear, coupled with the holding by the bracket 16 at the front end. Thus, damage caused by strong winds can be suppressed.
[0027]
Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the headboard fitting of the present invention includes a headboard 3 and a bracket 16. The headboard 3 is provided with a falling plate 3 </ b> F from the front end of the top end horizontal plate 3 </ b> U and a top end horizontal. A lower horizontal plate 3D extending rearward from the lower end of the rising piece 3B at the rear of the plate 3U is continuously provided, and an engagement groove 3G is formed by an inward protruding piece 3M from the upper end of the falling plate 3F. The upper horizontal piece 16U, the vertical piece 16F, and the lower horizontal piece 16D have a longitudinal hole H16 for mounting in the lower horizontal piece 16D.
[0028]
Accordingly, in the headboard bracket, in the composite panel (book wall panel) P, the bracket 16 is an area extending from the partition portion C4 between the through holes a1 of the cement plate Pa to the plate-like portion C1 on the front surface. In the composite panel (bearing wall panel) P0 by screw fixing under the adjustment through the long hole H16, it extends over the plate-like part C3 of the cement board Pa ′ and the subsequent partition part C5 (FIG. 2). Fastened with screw fixing under adjustment through the long hole H16 in the area, As shown in FIGS. 4B and 5B, The engaging groove 3G of the falling plate 3F is engaged with the tip of the bracket upper horizontal piece 16U, and the lower horizontal plate 3D is fixed to the upper end of each panel P, P0 with a screw N3, whereby the headboard is placed on each composite panel P, P0. 3 can be firmly fixed by supporting the front and rear two points, and can be fixed uniformly by adjusting the front and rear position of the bracket 16, Bracket 16 Vertical piece 16F and Kasagi rising piece 3B Holds two points before and after Thus, the top horizontal plate 3U can be fixed in a state where the desired posture is maintained.
Therefore, since the headboard 3 can be fixed to the upper ends of the heat insulating composite panels P and P0 only by two-point support, the heat insulating composite panels P and P0 can be attached to the upper end of the outer wall provided on the outer wall. Applicable to roof slabs .
Since the rising piece 3B exists, as shown in FIGS. 4B and 5B, the lower horizontal plate 3D fixed to the upper ends of the heat insulating composite panels P and P0 can be covered with the waterproof layer 4a. Further, it is possible to prevent the rainwater from entering the lower horizontal plate 3D from the attachment portion of the lower horizontal plate 3D. .
[0029]
Moreover, it is preferable that the headboard 3 includes a protruding piece 3D ′ extending forward from the lower end of the rising piece 3B.
In this case, since the protruding piece 3D ′ extends forward from the lower horizontal plate 3D as shown in FIG. 5, the contact support surface is enlarged even on the upper surface of the composite panel P0 having a thin panel thickness T0 ′. It functions and enables stable fixing of the headboard 3 to the composite panels P and P0.
[0030]
Moreover, it is preferable that protrusion piece 3D 'is equipped with the notch groove 3a in the base.
In this case, the protruding piece 3D ′ can be cut and removed relatively easily by hand by the bending action through the cut groove 3a at the work site.
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4B, the demerit of partial blocking of the through-hole a1 as the ventilation layer of the composite panel P is more important than the advantage of the stable fixing of the protruding piece 3D ′ to the upper surface of the composite panel P of the headboard 3. In this case, the protruding piece 3D ′ may be removed and used at the work site, and the degree of freedom of application of the cap 3 to each composite panel P, P0 is increased.
[0031]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[Insulated composite panel (Fig. 2)]
FIG. 2A is a partially cutaway perspective view of the book wall composite panel P. FIG.
That is, the book wall composite panel P is a laminated integrated product of a cement board Pa, a heat insulating layer Pb, and a plaster board Pc. The cement board Pa has a thickness T1 of 60 mm, an outer plate-like portion C1, and an inner plate-like portion C2. This is an extruded cement board obtained by mixing and extruding cement, an oxalic acid raw material and a fiber material raw material in a form in which upper and lower through-holes a1 having a width of 13 mm and a width of 34 mm are arranged in parallel inside and extruded.
[0032]
The heat insulating layer Pb is a rigid foamed urethane foam having a thickness T2 of 75 mm, and has a gypsum board Pc having a thickness of 12.5 mm on the inner surface.
An upper frame 10t, a lower frame 10b, and a side frame 10s are provided, and a cement plate Pa is locked to the upper and lower frames 10t and 10b via a Z clip. A panel width obtained by locking three plates Pa to the upper frame 10t and the lower frame 10b is 1800 mm, and is typically an outer heat insulating composite panel of Japanese Patent No. 2999980 owned by the present applicant.
[0033]
FIG. 2B is a partially cutaway perspective view of the load-bearing wall composite panel P0.
In other words, the bearing wall composite panel P0 is an integrated laminate product of the cement board Pa ′ and the heat insulating layer Pb, and is a conventional dry dense layer type outer heat insulating composite panel type, and the cement board Pa ′ has a thickness T1. Is 25 mm and includes a plurality of parallel grooves a2 on the inner surface, and the heat insulating layer Pb is 75 mm in thickness T2 and laminated and integrated on the inner surface of the cement board Pa ′ so as not to crush the grooves a2.
Since the composite panel P0 is used as an outer frame of the concrete wall WC, a separator insertion hole for a wall frame is formed at the center of the panel P0, and a countersunk bolt insertion hole is formed at both ends. .
[0034]
[Head bracket (Fig. 3)]
The headboard metal fitting is composed of a headboard and a bracket. FIG. 3A is a perspective view of the headboard 3, and FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the bracket 16.
That is, the coping 3 is disposed on the upper end surfaces Bt and Bt ′ of the composite panels P and P0 to treat the end of the roof parapet PR or the waterproof layer 4a of the roof floor, and to cut off the outer wall and the roof. Role , And a member that guarantees air outflow from the ventilation layers a1 and a2 of the outer wall panels P and P0, and is a linear member having a general thickness of 2 mm and made of aluminum and having a length of 3000 mm.
[0035]
As shown in FIG. 3A, Kasagi 3 is all The width d30 is 125mm, the width d31 of the top horizontal plate 3U is 75mm, the width d32 of the lower horizontal plate 3D is 60mm, the total height h30 is 45mm, the height h31 of the rising piece 3B is 18mm, and it protrudes forward from the lower horizontal plate 3D. A falling plate 3F having a height h30 (45 mm) hangs down from the front end of the top horizontal plate 3U with a width d33 of the piece 3D ′ being 25 mm, and a water drain at the tip. Role The 7 mm long anchor piece 3F ′ extends forward at 45 °, and the protruding piece 3M ′ for maintaining the strength of the falling plate 3F and draining the rising rain water from the anchor piece 3F ′ protrudes 5 mm long. .
Further, a protruding piece 3M having a width of 5 mm is projected rearward inside the upper end of the falling plate 3F, and an engagement groove 3G having a width of 2.5 mm is formed between the lower surface of the top horizontal plate 3U and the protruding piece 3M. There is a groove 3a for bending at the base of the protruding piece 3D ′.
[0036]
As shown in FIG. 3B, the bracket 16 is a 2 mm-thick aluminum sheet metal bent piece. The upper horizontal piece 16U has a width d16 of 12 mm, the vertical piece 16F has a height h16 of 18 mm, and the lower horizontal piece. The piece 16D has a width d16 ′ of 25 mm, a long hole H16 having a width of 4 mm and a length of 8 mm in the center, and a length L16 of 30 mm.
[0037]
[Step joint member 21 (FIGS. 6 and 7)]
6A is a perspective view of the step joint member 21, FIG. 6B is a perspective view of the arrow B in FIG. 6A, that is, a plan view, and FIG. 6C is FIG. ) Is an arrow C perspective view, that is, a side view.
The joint member 21 is a combined and integrated product of metal plate-like pieces provided with insertion grooves 21G and 21G ′ for inserting the respective head ends from both sides and a top end face plate 21U that covers the head portion.
Of course, you may shape | mold with plastics, such as 6 nylon.
As shown in FIG. 6, the top end face plate 21U, the front falling piece 21F, and the side falling piece 21F ′ are provided, and the insertion portion of the head end 3E on the protruding side (SR side) on one side is The partial falling piece 21F and the inner falling guide piece 21M ′ are arranged side by side through the insertion groove 21G, and the top end face plate 21U and the lower horizontal guide piece 21M are arranged side by side while maintaining the insertion groove 21G. The guide pieces 21M and 21M ′ have a structure protruding slightly (15 mm) to assist smooth insertion.
[0038]
Further, the insertion portion of the other side entry side (SL side) head end 3E ′ has a side falling piece 21F ′ orthogonal to the front falling piece 21F, and the side falling piece 21F ′ A structure having a falling guide piece 21M ′ orthogonal to the side falling piece 21F ′ while maintaining the rear vertical edge VE and the insertion groove 21G, and a horizontal guide piece 21M holding the top end face plate 21U and the insertion groove 21G. The side falling piece 21F ′ serves as a fore cover of the step WD, and the width WS of the side falling piece 21F ′ is set according to the dimension of the step WD of the outer wall W.
Further, on both the insertion portion SR side on the one side and the insertion portion SL side on the other side, an insertion groove 21G ′ is formed at a corner portion formed by the horizontal guide piece 21M and the falling guide piece 21M ′.
[0039]
These plate-shaped top end face plates 21U, front falling pieces 21F, side falling pieces 21F ', horizontal guide pieces 21M, and falling guide pieces 21M' are partition pieces that serve as reinforcement and stoppers. The base 21B for fixing the joint member 21 to the upper ends of the heat insulating composite panels P and P0 is formed so as to protrude from the lower surface of the partition piece 21P.
In addition, the space | interval of the base 21B and the top end face plate 21U back is for mounting and sticking the waterproof layer 4a of a rooftop, and filling the sealing 4d (FIG. 4) similarly to the headboard 3.
Further, a draining oblique piece 21F ″ is provided at each of the lower ends of the front falling piece 21F and the side falling piece 21F ′.
[0040]
The dimensional relationship of the step-joint member 21 is that the top end horizontal plate 3U of the headboard 3 is inserted into the insertion groove 21G between the top end face plate 21U and the horizontal guide piece 21M on the SR side (headboard projecting side) and SL side (headboard entering side). The insertion groove 21G between the front falling piece 21F and the falling guide piece 21M ′ and the insertion groove 21G between the rear vertical edge VE of the side falling piece 21F ′ and the falling guide piece 21M ′ 3 is a dimension in which the 3 falling plates 3F are inserted and fitted.
Further, the insertion grooves 21G ′ outside the corners of the horizontal guide pieces 21M and the falling guide pieces 21M ′ on the SR side and the SL side are dimensions in which the projection pieces 3M for locking the brackets of the headboard 3 are fitted. The side and SL side partitioning pieces 21P are walls that restrict the insertion positions of the head end 3E and 3E ′.
6 and 7, the SR side (right side) is a protruding portion, but as a building material, a joint member 21 is also prepared in which the SR side is the entry side and the SL side is the protruding side.
[0041]
[Ventilation structure at the top of the outer wall]
FIG. 1 is a diagram in which the present invention is applied to a novel external heat insulation building previously proposed by the applicant as Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-025142, and the outer wall W of the reinforced concrete external heat insulation building is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, a wide area book wall W1 including an opening such as a window is formed between the load-bearing wall W0 and the load-bearing wall W0.
That is, the load bearing wall W0 is formed by using a load bearing wall composite panel P0 (FIG. 2) as a concrete wall formwork by a conventional method, and the book wall W1 is formed by combining the book wall composite panel P with the load bearing wall composite panel P0. The lower frame 10b is locked to a metal fixture (not shown) fixed to the front end of the concrete floor slab so that the heat insulating layer Pb is flush with the upper floor 10t via the fixed metal fixture (not shown). The floor slab formwork is assembled and floor slab concrete and load-bearing wall concrete are cast simultaneously. In the load-bearing wall W0, the load-bearing wall W0, which is an integrated load-bearing wall composite panel P0 and concrete wall WC, is provided for each load-bearing wall W0. A book wall W1 composed only of the book wall composite panel P is formed between the parts.
[0042]
FIG. 1 shows a state in which an outer wall W is formed on a foundation 1 and a conventional waist drainer 2, a window 5 and the like are arranged. The load-bearing wall composite panel P0 constituting the outer wall W is formed by a ventilation layer a2 to form a book wall. In the composite panel P, the composite panels P and P0 are vertically connected to each other from the waist drainage 2 to the upper end of the lower end of the outer wall by the ventilation layer a1 so that the outer wall W can be vented.
Since the load-bearing wall composite panel P0 and the book wall composite panel P are arranged with the heat insulating layer Pb aligned on the same surface, the outer wall has a form in which the book wall composite panel P protrudes and the load-bearing wall composite panel P0 enters.
[0043]
As shown in FIG. 4, in the book wall W1 portion, the headboard 3 has a lower horizontal piece 16D on the lower portion 16D of the bracket 16 in a portion extending from the plate-like portion C1 to the partition portion C4 at the upper front portion of the cement plate Pa of the book wall composite panel P. Are fixed with screws N16 through the long holes H16, the brackets 16 are arranged at an interval of about 600 mm, and the caps' engagement grooves 3G are fitted to the front ends of the upper horizontal pieces 16U of the brackets 16 to form the caps 3 The lower horizontal plate 3D is fixed to the upper frame 10t of the book wall composite panel P with screws N3.
The protruding piece 3D ′ at the same level as the lower horizontal plate 3D is cut off from the cut groove 3a at the base.
[0044]
Further, in the bearing wall W0 portion, as shown in FIG. 5, the lower horizontal piece 16D of the bracket 16 is provided in the portion extending from the plate-like portion C3 to the partition portion C5 of the cement plate Pa ′ of the bearing wall composite panel P0. The brackets 16 are fixed with screws N16, the brackets 16 are arranged at an interval of about 600 mm, the engagement grooves 3G of the headboard 3 are fitted to the front ends of the upper horizontal pieces 16U of the brackets, and the lower horizontal plate 3D of the headboard 3 is resisted. It fixes with the board | plate material 11 previously adhere | attached and fixed on the heat insulation layer Pb of wall composite panel P0 with the screw N3.
[0045]
As shown in FIG. 1, a step joint member 21 is provided at the step WD portion at the boundary between the book wall W1 portion (protruding portion) and the bearing wall W0 portion (entrance portion) of the outer wall W, as shown in FIG. At the end of the book wall composite panel P, the base 21B is fixed to the upper frame 10t with screws N21.
Then, from the SR side and the SL side of the step joint member 21, the head end 3E, 3E ′, the top end horizontal plate 3U of the headboard 21 and the gap between the top end face plate 21U of the splice member 21 and the horizontal guide piece 21M, respectively. The falling plate 3F on the SR side of the headboard is inserted into the insertion groove 21G, and the falling plate 3F on the SL side of the headboard is inserted into the insertion groove 3G in the gap between the front falling piece 21F and the falling guide piece 21M ′ of the joint member 21. Is inserted into the insertion groove 21G in the gap between the rear vertical edge of the side member falling piece 21F ′ of the joint member 21 and the falling guide piece 21M ′, and the protruding piece 3M on the upper inner surface of each head end 3E, 3E ′ is inserted. These are inserted into the insertion grooves 21G ′ of the joint member 21, respectively.
[0046]
Next, the waterproof layer 4a extending from the roof is disposed on the lower horizontal plate 3D of the headboard 3, and the end of the waterproof layer 4a is brought into contact with the rising piece 3B of the headboard 3 as shown in FIGS. Sealing 4d is filled in the gap between the top horizontal plate 3U and the surface S4 of the waterproof layer 4a.
Of course, even in the step joint member 21, as is apparent from FIGS. 6C and 7A, the base 21B is screwed to the upper end surfaces of the composite panels P and P0 in the same manner as the lower horizontal plate 3D of the headboard. Since it is fixed with N21 and extends rearward from the top end face plate 21U, the waterproof layer 4a is formed on the rear end partition piece (stopper) 21P (FIG. 6B) on the base 21B of the joint member. The sealing 4d (not shown) is also filled in the gap between the top end face plate 21U and the waterproof layer 4a.
[0047]
[Effects of implementation]
Because the outer walls other than the load-bearing wall W0, which is structurally necessary for reinforced concrete exterior heat-insulated buildings, are made of only the outer heat-insulated composite panel P, the conventional concrete wall formwork at the non-bearing wall can be omitted, and the construction cost Can be greatly streamlined.
Further, the outer wall panels P and P0 employ the most cost-adhesive adhesive type in the conventional outer heat insulation method, and have the ventilation layers a1 and a2 inside, so that the exterior materials (cement plates Pa and Pa ′) and the heat insulation layer Internal condensation that occurs on the boundary surface with Pb can be prevented, and the exterior material subjected to heat stress can be protected, improving the durability of the exterior material.
[0048]
Furthermore, regardless of the presence or absence of the parapet PR, the head wall 3 of the present invention can be applied to all reinforced concrete or steel frame external heat insulating buildings using the outer heat insulating composite panels P and P0 equipped with cement boards as exterior materials. .
The headboard 3 of the present invention belongs to the angle headboard system and can be accurately attached to the upper ends of the composite panels P and P0 without being affected by the roof waterproof layer 4a. Because of the point support, even if it is blown by a strong wind, it can be placed firmly without causing levitation, deformation, or damage, and the exhaust from the ventilation layers a1 and a2 on the outer wall is shown in FIGS. As in the air flow f in B), it can be guaranteed.
[0049]
In other words, the headboard of the present invention is 1/3 of the conventional open headboard in terms of cost, and is slightly higher (about 9%) than the angle headboard, but cannot be expected with the conventional open headboard and angle headboard. There is a breakthrough merit in terms of workability and function.
Furthermore, even if there is a step WD portion on the outer wall, it can be rationally and cleanly connected by the new step joint member 21, and complicated operations such as conventional fasteners and sealing can be rationalized.
[0050]
That is, the building obtained in the embodiment has all the desired functions such as heat insulation, anti-condensation, fire resistance, etc. as a reinforced concrete outer heat insulation ventilation layer building, while the book wall W1 part is the outer heat insulation composite panel P. It is possible to significantly reduce the construction cost by forming only with the caps of the outer wall W on the bearing wall W0 and the wall W1 of the outer wall W. It can be achieved easily and easily, and a revolutionary rationalization of the construction cost can be achieved as compared with a conventional reinforced concrete external heat insulating building.
[0051]
[Others]
The straight joint A, the protruding corner B, and the entering corner C of the headboard 3 in FIG. 1 are used by arranging various conventional joint members so that they can be adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the headboard 3 of the present invention. However, in this case, the joint members (not shown) of these parts are also fixed only to the heat insulating composite panels P and P0 upper end faces Bt and Bt ′ of the outer wall, like the new head metal fitting of the present invention. It is advantageous.
Further, when the headboard 3 is arranged on the book wall panel P, the through hole a1 is the same as the groove a2 of the load bearing wall panel P0 or more than that without cutting off the protruding piece 3D ′. Hold.
[0052]
Moreover, since the book wall panel P should just hold | maintain the coupling | bonding strength with a concrete frame (floor slab), and the intensity | strength as an outer wall, the upper frame 10t of steel materials other than the panel of the patent 29999980 of FIG. 2 (A) In addition, it is possible to employ a panel provided with a reinforcing steel plate (not shown) that is provided between the upper and lower frames 10t and 10b and that has a lower frame 10b and exhibits strength equal to or higher than that of the side frame 10s. Since there is no frame 10s, it is advantageous for preventing thermal bridges.
[0053]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, in order to fix the headboard 3 to the cement plates Pa and Pa ′ of the heat insulating composite panels P and P0 and the heat insulating layer Pb, the heat insulating composite panel having the cement plates Pa and Pa ′ as exterior materials is provided on the outer wall. The top of the outer wall can be fitted with the cap 3 and can be applied to the parapet PR and the roof slab.
Moreover, since the headboard 3 is locked and held by the bracket 16 inside the front end and fixed at two points on the front and rear with the lower horizontal plate 3D extending backward, the outer wall panel P, A sufficient exhaust structure from the P0 ventilation layers a1 and a2 is ensured, and even when subjected to a strong wind action, levitation and damage do not occur as in the conventional angle headboard.
[0054]
In addition, by using the new step joint member 21 in combination with the new headboard 3, the outer heat insulating outer wall can be provided with the step WD to exert the design effect of the outer wall, and the heat insulating composite panels P and P0 having different thicknesses can be used together. It is also possible to improve the degree of freedom in designing the outer wall in an outer heat insulating building.
Moreover, since the step joint member 21 itself is also fixed on the heat insulating composite panels P and P0, in combination with the headboard 3 that is firmly held by the front and rear two-point support on the heat insulating composite panels P and P0, A beautiful arrangement of headboards is possible.
[0055]
In addition, since the outer wall W is formed by the load-bearing wall W0 united with the heat insulating composite panels P and P0 and the concrete wall WC and the book wall W1 unit with only the heat insulating composite panel P, the formwork of the outer wall W is Only the bearing wall W0 part can be provided, and the wall formwork at the book wall W1 part can be omitted, and the construction cost of the outer heat insulating building can be greatly rationalized.
In addition, by using the new headboard means at the upper end of the outer wall, a new and innovative breathable outer heat insulating building with sufficient ventilation performance can be provided at a reasonable construction cost.
[0056]
In the headboard metal fittings of the present invention, the bracket 16 is formed in the area extending between the plate-like part C1 and the partition part C4 on the front surface of the cement board Pa in the book wall panel P, and on the cement board Pa 'in the load bearing wall panel P0. It can be fixed to the region of the plate-like portion C3 and the subsequent partition portion C5 while adjusting the front and back through the long hole H16, and the cap 3 can engage the engaging groove 3G of the falling plate 3F with the tip of the upper horizontal piece 16U of the bracket. Since the lower horizontal plate 3D can be fixed to the upper ends of the panels P and P0 with screws N3, the headboard is firmly supported by the front and rear two-point support on the book wall composite panel P and the load-bearing wall composite panel P0, and the front and rear positions are set. Can be placed evenly.
Moreover, the vertical piece 16F of the bracket 16 and the rising piece 3B of the headboard 3 allow the headboard 3 to be firmly arranged in a state where the top end horizontal plate 3U holds the intended posture.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory perspective view of an outer wall of the present invention.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are perspective views of the panel of the present invention, in which FIG. 2A shows a book wall panel P and FIG. 2B shows a load-bearing wall panel P0.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are perspective views of a headboard fitting according to the present invention, in which FIG. 3A is a headboard 3 and FIG. 3B is a bracket 16;
4A and 4B are explanatory views of the upper end of the book wall W1 of the present invention, in which FIG. 4A is a side view, FIG. It is a perspective view of the C section.
5A and 5B are explanatory views of the upper end of the bearing wall W0 of the present invention, in which FIG. 5A is a side view and FIG. 5B is an enlarged view of a portion B of FIG.
6A and 6B are explanatory diagrams of the step joint member 21 used in the present invention, in which FIG. 6A is an overall perspective view, FIG. 6B is a plan view of FIG. 6A, and FIG. It is.
7A and 7B are explanatory views of the step joining member 21, wherein FIG. 7A is a plan view showing the relationship between the joining member 21, the headboard 3 and the panels P and P0, and FIG. It is.
FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing a conventional example, in which FIG. 8A shows the usage state of an open headboard, and FIG. 8B shows the usage state of an angle headboard.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: foundation, 2: water drainage, 3: Kasagi,
3a: cut groove, 3B: rising piece, 3D: lower horizontal plate,
3D ′: protruding piece, 3F: falling plate, 3F ′: oblique piece (anchor piece),
3G: engagement groove, 3M, 3M ′: protruding piece, 3U: top end horizontal plate,
4: rooftop, 4a: waterproof layer, 4b, 4b ': heat insulation layer,
4c: Waterproof base mortar, 4d: Sealing,
5: Window, 10t: Upper frame, 10b: Lower frame,
10s: side frame, 11: plate material (base material), 16: bracket
16D: Lower horizontal piece, 16F: Vertical piece, 16U: Upper horizontal piece,
21: Step joint member (joint member), 21B: Base,
21F: Front falling piece, 21F ': Side falling piece,
21F ": oblique piece, 21G, 21G ': insertion groove,
21M: Horizontal guide piece (guide piece),
21M ': Falling guide piece (guide piece),
21P: Partition piece (stopper), 21U: Top end face plate,
a1: through-hole (venting layer), a2: groove (venting layer),
Be, Be ': Panel lower end surface, Bt, Bt': Panel upper end surface,
C1, C2, C3: Plate-shaped part (plate part), C4, C5: Partition part,
P: Book wall composite panel (heat insulation composite panel),
P0: Bearing wall composite panel (heat insulation composite panel),
Pa, Pa ': Cement board (exterior board), Pb: Heat insulation layer,
Pc: Gypsum board (interior material),
W: outer wall, W0: bearing wall, W1: book wall,
H16: Long hole, N3, N16: Screw

Claims

It is a building with a heat insulating composite panel (P, P0) on which the cement plates (Pa, Pa ′) having the ventilation layers (a1, a2) and the heat insulating layer (Pb) are laminated on the outer wall (W). At the upper end of the outer wall, the bracket (16) is fixed to the front end of the cement plate (Pa, Pa ') of the panel (P, P0) at an appropriate interval, and the front end falling plate (3F) and the top end horizontal The inner front end of the headboard (3) having a plate (3U) and a lower horizontal plate (3D) extending rearward from the lower end of the rear rising piece (3B) of the rear end of the top end horizontal plate (3U) is attached to the bracket (16 ) And the lower horizontal plate (3D) is fixed to the upper part of the heat insulating composite panel (P, P0), and the air flow (f) from the ventilation layer (a1, a2) of the heat insulating composite panel (P, P0) Venting structure at the upper end of the outer wall in an outer heat insulating building, which discharges from the falling plate (3F) of the headboard (3).

The outer wall surface has a level difference (WD). At the level difference (WD) part, the end part of the head (3) is inserted from both sides into the step joint member (21) fixed to the upper end surface of the heat insulating composite panel (P, P0). The ventilation structure at the upper end of the outer wall according to claim 1, wherein the headboard (3) is arranged.

The step joint member (21) includes a top end face plate (21U) that covers the step (WD) portion, a front falling piece (21F), and a side falling piece (21F ′) for closing a small mouth, From both sides of the joint member (21), the protruding head end (3E) has the top horizontal plate (3U) on the bottom surface of the top end surface plate (21U) and the falling plate (3F) on the front falling piece (21F). ) Is inserted into the inner surface of the inner side of the top edge horizontal plate (3U) on the bottom surface of the top end face plate (21U) and the falling plate (3F) is provided on the side falling piece (21F). The ventilation structure at the upper end of the outer wall according to claim 2, which is inserted into the rear groove (21G).

The outer wall (W) includes a load-bearing wall (W0) portion in which the heat-insulating composite panel (P, P0) and the concrete wall (WC) are integrated, and a book wall (W1) portion including only the heat-insulating composite panel (P). The ventilation structure of the outer wall upper end of any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3 provided.

The load-bearing wall (W0) is integrated with a concrete wall (WC) by combining a load-bearing wall composite panel (P0) with a cement plate (Pa ') having a groove (a2) on the inner surface and a heat insulating layer (Pb). The book wall (W1) part is formed by laminating a cement plate (Pa) having a through hole (a1) inside and a heat insulating layer (Pb) to form an upper frame (10t) and a lower frame ( The ventilation structure at the upper end of the outer wall according to claim 4, wherein the ventilation structure is formed only by a book wall composite panel (P) provided with 10b).

The cement wall thickness (T1) of the book wall composite panel (P) is larger than the cement board thickness (T1 ') of the load bearing wall composite panel (P0), and the book wall composite panel (P) and the load bearing wall composite panel (P0). The heat insulating layer thickness (T2) is the same, and the heat insulating layer (Pb) of both composite panels (P, P0) is arranged in a flush manner.

The bracket (16) has a lower horizontal piece (16D) and an upper horizontal piece (16U), and the lower horizontal piece (16D) is attached to the cement plate (Pa, Pa ′) at the front upper end and adjusted in the front-rear direction. The ventilation structure at the upper end of the outer wall according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

The bracket (16) is fixed to the cement plate (Pa, Pa ′) upper end front portion through the longitudinal horizontal hole (H16) of the lower horizontal piece (16D), and the front end of the upper horizontal piece (16U) is attached to the headboard (3 The vent structure at the upper end of the outer wall according to claim 7 fitted and locked to the inner front end of the outer wall.

The waterproof layer (4a) is extended and fixed to the upper surface of the lower horizontal plate (3D) of the headboard (3), and the gap (G4) between the rear end of the top horizontal plate (3U) and the upper surface of the waterproof layer (S4) is sealed. The ventilation structure at the upper end of the outer wall according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is filled with (4d).

The lower horizontal plate (3D) of the headboard (3) is placed on the upper frame (10t) of the book wall composite panel (P) in the case of the book wall (W1), and in the case of the load bearing wall (W0). The ventilation structure at the upper end of the outer wall according to any one of claims 5 to 9, which is fixed to a plate member (11) at the upper end of the heat insulating layer (Pb) of the composite panel (P0).

Including the headboard (3) and the bracket (16), the headboard (3) connects the top horizontal plate (3U) and the falling plate (3F) from the front end, and the top horizontal plate (3U). A lower horizontal plate (3D) extending rearward from the lower end of the rear rising piece (3B) is continuously provided, and an engagement groove (3G) is formed by an inward protruding piece (3M) from the upper portion of the falling plate (3F). The bracket (16) includes an upper horizontal piece (16U), a vertical piece (16F), and a lower horizontal piece (16D), and the lower horizontal piece (16D) has a long hole (H16 for mounting in the front-rear direction). ).

The headboard metal fitting according to claim 11, wherein the headboard (3) includes a protruding piece (3D ') extending forward from a lower end of the rising piece (3B).

The head metal fitting according to claim 12, wherein the projecting piece (3D ') has a cut groove (3a) at the base.