JP3647780B2 - Pot cultivation method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for cultivating plants such as florets in pots by water supply using an irrigation mat capable of absorbing water , and an apparatus therefor .
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a typical conventional apparatus for pot cultivation of plants such as flower buds by water supply from the bottom, a “pool bench type cultivation apparatus” and a “C groove type cultivation apparatus” are known. As shown in FIG. 5, the former “pool bench type cultivation apparatus” is a cultivation container that is formed by assembling a large number of resin members into a shallow box to form a cultivation container 51, and water is applied to the inside thereof. Although it is the structure which mounts many pots P in 51 and cultivates a plant by bottom surface water supply, each following malfunctions were pointed out. (1) Since the whole bottom part of the pot P is immersed in the water (nutrient solution) W stretched on the cultivation container 51, the cultivation state is likely to be excessive in moisture with respect to the cultivated plant, and it is difficult to supply water appropriately. . (2) The water stretched in the cultivation container 51 is completely drained at regular intervals via a drain pipe 52 and a drain valve 53 provided in the cultivation container 51, and exchanged with new water for cultivation. Although it promotes, this water drainage cuts off the water supply channel that was formed between the soil in the pot P at the bottom of the pot P when the water is stored, due to drying. Thus, even when water is supplied and then stretched, it takes time until a new “water supply” is formed. For this reason, when the plant is in the “seedling state”, it is unavoidable to perform manual irrigation, which requires time and effort for irrigation (water supply). (3) Since many members are assembled and formed, it takes time to assemble, and the cost is high as a cultivation apparatus.
[0003]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6, the latter “C-groove cultivation device” has a large number of pots P on the upper surface of a water-absorbing pot 61 in which water (nourishing liquid) W called “C channel” is stored. The water supply cloth 62 hangs down from the bottom of each pot P into the water (nourishment solution) W stored in the water suction trough 61 and is supplied through the water supply cloth 62. For this reason, when the water in the water supply basin 61 runs out and the water supply cloth 62 is dried more than a certain amount, the “water supply” formed in the water supply cloth 62 is interrupted, and then the water supply basin 61 is supplied with water. Even if the lower end portion of the water supply cloth 62 is submerged, water is not supplied. For this reason, it is necessary to strictly manage the state of water supply to the water-absorbing rod 61 and the presence / absence of the water supply cloth 62 in each pot P, and it takes time and effort for cultivation management.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention prevents the irrigation mat from drying more than a certain amount even when the amount of water stretched in the cultivation section is reduced, and enables the optimum amount of water supply at all times, eliminating the need for troublesome irrigation management. An object is to provide a pot cultivation method and a device therefor .
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 is a method for pot cultivation of plants such as flower buds by bottom-side water supply using an irrigation mat capable of absorbing water. Cultivation part to place a large number of pots inside the cough part by providing a irrigation mat that can absorb water on a cultivation stand provided with a drainage basin capable of storing both water, and by providing a cough part all around it. The water is laid in a water-stopped state, and only a specific edge of the irrigation mat is suspended from the drainage basin beyond the clogging, and the valve is closed to In a state where the water can be stored, the bottom water supply to the pot is performed so that the cultivating part and the water storage part of the drainage water can permeate each other by capillary action of the irrigation mat. is characterized in that the
[0006]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the cough portion is provided around the irrigation mat, the portion surrounded by the crest portion is lower than the cough portion, and a large number of pots are provided. The cultivation part which mounts is formed, water (nutrient solution) is stretched to the cultivation part to predetermined depth, and pot cultivation by bottom surface water supply is performed. That is, water is absorbed into the irrigation mat, and a specific edge portion of the irrigation mat is suspended from the drainage basin beyond the cough.
[0007]
For this reason, if the potted plant is in the growing season and requires a large amount of water, or if it requires a large amount of water, the drainage valve of the drainage can be closed to store water. Leave it in a state. As a result, when water is stretched on the side of the cultivation unit and the water content of the irrigation mat reaches saturation, the water in the cultivation unit is drained into the drainage basin by permeation through the irrigation mat by capillary action. In addition, when the water content of the irrigation mat decreases due to drying or the like, due to the capillary phenomenon, contrary to the above, the water stored in the drainage basin is osmotically passed through the irrigation mat. To be supplied. Thus, when the drainage basin is in a state capable of storing water, depending on the remaining water state of the cultivation part formed by the irrigation mat, in other words, depending on the water content of the irrigation mat, Between the two and the other, it becomes a structure in which the water penetrates each other. As a result, the potted plant supplied from the bottom of the cultivation section does not become excessively watery, and at the same time, even if it does not have water in the cultivation section and appears to be dry, The permeated water is passed from the water to the cultivation part, the water content of the irrigation mat becomes high, and water supply to the bottom of the pot cultivation plant becomes possible. As a result, the irrigation management labor is greatly reduced compared to conventional cultivation devices.
[0008]
Here, the reason why water can be absorbed by the above-described phenomenon even when the cultivation part is in a dry state is that, in the irrigation mat, infiltration water can be passed in both directions between the cultivation part and the drainage tub. This is because the irrigation mat always contains a certain amount of water, and the “water supply” formed between the irrigation mat and the soil in the pot is not interrupted by drying.
[0009]
On the other hand, when the potted plant is in a seedling state or is of a kind that requires a small amount of water, the amount of water supplied is preferably small. Therefore, in such a case, the drain valve is closed so that the water exuded from the irrigation mat is drained as it is without being stored in the drain.
[0010]
Further, the invention of claim 2 is obtained by grasping the invention of claim 1 from the aspect of “pot cultivation apparatus”, and is substantially the same as the invention of claim 1.
[0011]
The invention of claim 3 is characterized in that, based on the invention of claim 2 , the upper surface of the drainage basin provided on the cultivation stand and the upper surface of the irrigation mat are substantially the same height. Yes.
[0012]
According to the invention of claim 3 , due to the capillary phenomenon, the rising resistance (resistance when penetrating water upward) when penetrating water in the irrigation mat in both directions between the cultivation part and the drainage basin is Since the height of the cough portion provided all around the irrigation mat is sufficient, the rising resistance is minimized, and the permeation water is easily performed.
[0013]
Further, the invention of claim 4 is characterized in that, on the premise of the invention of claim 2 or 3 , a light shielding sheet is disposed below the water stop sheet disposed below the irrigation mat.
[0014]
According to the invention of claim 4 , the irrigation mat has a light shielding sheet having innumerable water passage holes superimposed on the upper surface thereof, and is shielded from above, and in addition, is shielded from below. Further, generation of unnecessary materials such as algae in the irrigation mat is prevented, and the original permeation function of the irrigation mat is easily exhibited.
[0015]
Further, the invention of claim 5 is based on the invention of any one of claims 2 to 4 , wherein the drainage basin is provided along the longitudinal direction at the center in the width direction of the cultivation rack. The edge of the drainage basin side of each irrigation mat laid on both sides of the irrigation pad is suspended from the drainage basin. According to this configuration, the irrigation mat can be disposed on both sides of one drainage basin, and the drainage basin can be shared.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to embodiments. FIG. 1 is a front view of the cultivation rack B, FIG. 2 is a plan view of a state in which an irrigation mat M is laid on the upper surface of the cultivation rack B, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XX in FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of FIG. In FIG. 1 thru | or FIG. 3, the cultivation stand B is the structure by which the pot stand 2 was supported horizontally by many legs 1 which can adjust height, Comprising: It is a C channel in the center part of the width direction. A constructed drainage basin T is provided over the entire length, and a drainage pipe 4 provided with a drainage valve 3 is provided at the lowest part of one end of the drainage basin T. The water in the tub T can be drained, or the water that has oozed out through the irrigation mat M described later can be stored. The pot stand 2 has a structure in which two types of support members are assembled vertically and horizontally and a wire mesh member 6 (see FIG. 2) is attached to the upper surface of the frame 5. In FIG. 1, reference numerals 7 and 8 denote reinforcing members in which the leg body 1 and the supporting material constituting the frame body 5 are arranged in an inclined manner and connected.
[0017]
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 4, the irrigation mat M has a water-absorbing structure composed of a resin fiber nonwoven fabric, and in use, an infinite number of water passage holes are provided on the upper and lower surfaces, respectively. The light blocking sheet S ₁ and the water blocking sheet S ₂ having the above are respectively disposed, and further, the light blocking sheet S ₃ is disposed on the lower surface of the water blocking sheet S ₂ . Naturally, the water-stop sheet S ₂ is a sheet for allowing water of a predetermined depth to be stretched by the water-stop action, and each of the light-shielding sheets S ₁ and S ₃ is above the irrigation mat M. The lower surface is shielded to prevent or suppress the generation of algae and the like. The irrigation mat M and the sheets S _{1 to} S ₃ are all cut into a rectangular shape corresponding to the width and length of the pot rest 2 of the cultivation stand B. Incidentally, determined with superposed one shielding sheet S ₁ on the upper surface of the watering mat M, those state superposed waterstop sheet S ₂ and the light-shielding sheet S ₃ on its underside as a "cultivation sheet M _0".
[0018]
And in order to form the cultivation part of a potted plant in the upper surface of the pot stand 2 of the said cultivation stand B, it carries out as follows. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, pipe-shaped cough forming members 11 and 12 are respectively provided on both sides of a drainage basin T provided along the longitudinal direction at the center in the width direction of the pot platform 2. By using the irrigation mat M, the cultivating part C of the potted plant is formed. That is, the cough forming members 11 and 12 are different in length, and by placing the longer cough forming member 11 along the drainage basin T, a total of four cough forming members, each of which is two each. 11 and 12 arranged fixed in a square shape, one particular straight edge of the watering mat M, and inwardly from all of the straight edge portion of each sheet S ₁ to S ₃ superimposed on the upper and lower surfaces A portion having a predetermined width is arranged in a state where it is placed on the upper surface of each cough forming member 11, 12 and hangs down to the outside of each cough forming member 11, 12. As a result, the square portions inside the crest forming members 11 and 12 arranged in a square shape are formed lower than the crest portions 31 and 32 formed by the crest forming members 11 and 12, and Cultivation part C that can be stretched is formed. Moreover, in one cultivation stand B, a plurality of cultivation parts C are formed on both sides of the drainage basin T arranged in the center part in the width direction.
[0019]
Here, as shown in FIG. 4, with respect to the irrigation mat M, only a portion having a predetermined width inward from the straight edge on the drainage basin T side extends beyond the crest forming member 11 to the outside. It is hung down and immersed in the water (nutrient solution) W stored in the drainage basin T. The remaining three straight edges are close to the crest forming members 11 and 12, respectively. It is arranged on the inner side and does not exceed each cough forming member 11, 12. In addition, the relative height relationship between the irrigation mat M and the drainage basin T is that the drainage basin T can be penetrated between the cultivation part C and the drainage basin T by capillary action. It is preferable that the upper surface of the irrigation mat and the upper surface of the irrigation mat M have substantially the same height. Note that the four straight edges of each of the sheets S _{1 to} S ₃ are disposed beyond the crest forming members 11 and 12.
[0020]
In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, water (nutrient solution) W supplied to the cultivation part C formed by the cough forming members 11 and 12 and the irrigation mat M is provided at one end in the width direction of the cultivation rack B. A tank 13 to be stored is arranged, and the water in the tank 13 is arranged on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the first water supply pipe 14 inserted in the tank 13 and the pot rest 2. In addition, the second water supply pipe 16 is configured to supply to each cultivation unit C by the action of the pump 15 incorporated in the middle of the first water supply pipe 14. 2 and 3, reference numeral 17 denotes a branch pipe (faucet pipe) for branching the supplied water from the second water supply pipe 16 to each cultivation section C.
[0021]
And in order to pot-cultivate plants, such as a flower bud, using the pot cultivation apparatus of the said structure, it carries out as follows. As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, a large number of pots P are placed vertically and horizontally on each cultivation part C formed on both sides of the drainage basin T of the cultivation stand B, and the pump is placed on each cultivation part C. By the action of 15, the water in the tank 13 is supplied to each cultivation part C, and water of a predetermined depth is stretched. The pot P in the illustrated example has a structure in which the entire bottom surface is in close contact with the irrigation mat M and a water supply hole 21 (see FIG. 4) is provided in the center of the bottom. However, in the pot used for bottom water supply cultivation, in addition to the above-described configuration, a large number of slit-shaped water supplies are provided along the circumferential direction across the bottom plate portion and the peripheral wall portion at the periphery of the bottom portion. One provided with a hole, having one or more legs on the periphery of the bottom, the bottom of which does not adhere to the irrigation mat M, and water is supplied by hanging a water supply cloth from the water supply hole of the bottom plate In the present invention, any pot can be used.
[0022]
Here, when the potted plant is in a “seedling state” or is of a kind that requires a small amount of water, the amount of water supplied is preferably small. Therefore, the drainage valve 3 incorporated in the drainage pipe 4 is opened so that the water flowing out from the irrigation mat M is discharged without being stored in the drainage basin T. That is, the water stored in the cultivation part C is supplied to the bottom of the plant A in the pot P through the water supply hole 21 at the bottom of the pot P and the soil 22 in the pot P, and supplied to the bottom of the pot A, When water is absorbed into the irrigation mat M by capillary action and the water content reaches saturation, the water oozes from the hanging portion Ma with respect to the drainage basin T and is drained from the drainage basin T.
[0023]
On the other hand, when the potted plant is in the growing season and requires a large amount of water, or when a large amount of water is required according to the type, the drain valve 3 incorporated in the drain pipe 4 is closed. Then, the water flowing out from the irrigation mat M is stored in the drainage basin T. As a result, when the amount of water stretched on the cultivation part C is large, the water is absorbed into the irrigation mat M by capillary action, the water content reaches saturation, and the permeation through the cultivation part C toward the drainage basin T is achieved. When the water oozes out from the drooping portion Ma with respect to the drainage basin T and is stored in the drainage basin T and the amount of stored water exceeds a predetermined amount, the suspending portion Ma of the irrigation mat M stores water in the drainage basin T. Soaked in water W ′.
[0024]
And when the water content of cultivation part C decreases and the water content decreases by drying irrigation mat M, conversely, the water is stored in drainage basin T by the capillary phenomenon of irrigation mat M. The water W ′ is absorbed by the irrigation mat M, and in the irrigation mat M, the irrigation mat in which a large number of pots P are placed is allowed to permeate from the drainage basin T to the cultivation part C. As a result of the increase in the water content of M, drying of the irrigation mat M is suppressed, and water supply to the potted plants becomes possible. That is, on the appearance, even if the cultivation part C is dry and the bottom water is not supplied to the potted plant, the irrigation mat M absorbs the water stored in the drainage basin T. And since the inside permeate | transmits water from the drainage basin T toward the cultivation part C side, it becomes possible to supply bottom water to the potted plants.
[0025]
Thus, when the water storage amount of the cultivation part C decreases and the water content of the irrigation mat M decreases, the irrigation mat M absorbs the water W ′ stored in the drainage basin T. Moreover, it will not be dried excessively. That is, when the irrigation mat M is excessively dried, the “water channel” that is a water passage formed between the irrigation mat M and the soil 22 in the pot P is interrupted, and the irrigation mat M absorbs water. Even when the water content is increased, the “water supply” is not reproduced. However, in the present invention, the irrigation mat M is not excessively dried, so that the “water supply” is secured. As the water content of the irrigation mat M increases, the water is supplied to the soil 22 in the pot P through the “water supply”.
[0026]
In addition, it is preferable that the water stored in the drainage basin T for a long period of time is drained and fresh water is stored for cultivation.
[0027]
Moreover, when the pot cultivation apparatus according to the present invention is installed on the rooftop of a building and used, in addition to the general effect that the rooftop of the building is greened, rainwater is generated when the drainage basin valve is closed. When the water content of the irrigation mat is reduced after being stored in the drainage basin, the unique effect of being able to irrigate with the rainwater stored in the drainage basin is exhibited. In addition, when installed in a place where plants are sold and sold, such as flower shops and home centers, if the water content of the irrigation mat decreases, the bottom water is supplied by the water stored in the drainage basin and the irrigated plants are irrigated. However, there is no problem that the merchandise value declines due to dwarfing due to water shortage, etc., and it is always possible to display it in the best-looking and valuable state, and the store clerk regularly, like conventional cultivation equipment This eliminates the need for irrigation and eliminates the need for troublesome irrigation management.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
In the pot cultivation method according to the present invention , a water irrigation mat is provided on a cultivation base provided with a drainage basin capable of both draining and storing water by opening and closing a drainage valve, and a cough portion is provided around the entire periphery. In addition, laying in a water-stopping state so that water is stretched on the cultivation part on which many pots inside the cough part are placed, and only the specific edge part of the irrigation mat exceeds the cough part. It hangs down on the drainage basin and closes the valve so that the drainage basin can store water, so that the capillarity of the irrigation mat penetrates between the cultivating unit and the drainage basin storage unit. Since the bottom water was supplied to the pot so that water could be passed, the watering mat was prevented from drying more than a certain amount even when the amount of water stretched on the cultivation part was reduced, so that the pot plant On the other hand, the optimum amount of water is always supplied It can become. As a result, compared with the conventional cultivation apparatus, irrigation management becomes almost unnecessary.
[0029]
In addition, the pot cultivation apparatus according to the present invention can be implemented at a low cost because the number of members required for the implementation is reduced and the assembly thereof is easy as compared with the conventional “pool bench type cultivation apparatus”.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a cultivation stand B. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a state in which an irrigation mat M is laid on the upper surface of the cultivation rack B.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX in FIG.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a pool bench type cultivation apparatus.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a C-groove cultivation device.
[Explanation of symbols]
B: Cultivation stand
C: Cultivation Department
M: Irrigation mat S ₁ , S ₃ : Shading sheet
S _2: water stop sheet
T: Drainage tank
W: Water (Nutrient solution)
W ': Water stored in the drain
3: Drain valve 11, 12: Cough forming member 31, 32: Cough part

Claims (5)

Using a water-absorbing irrigation mat, a method of cultivating plants such as flower buds by bottom water supply,
By providing a irrigation mat that can absorb water on a cultivation rack provided with a drainage basin that can perform both drainage and storage by opening and closing a drainage valve, by providing a basin around the entire circumference, a large number of inside basins Laying in a water-stopped state so that water is stretched in the cultivation part where the pot is placed, and only the specific edge part of the irrigation mat is suspended from the drainage basin over the cough part,
In a state where the valve is closed and the drainage basin can store water, the basin is capable of permeating water between the cultivation unit and the storage unit of the drainage basin by capillary action of the irrigation mat. A pot cultivation method characterized in that the bottom surface water supply is performed. Using a water-absorbing irrigation mat, it is a device that cultivates plants such as flower buds by water supply from the bottom,
A cultivation rack provided with a drainage basin capable of both draining and storing water by opening and closing the drain valve, and an irrigation mat capable of absorbing water,
The irrigation mat is laid in a water-stopped state on the cultivation stand so that water is stretched on the cultivation part on which a large number of pots inside the cough part are placed by providing a cough part around the irrigation mat. In addition, only a specific edge portion of the irrigation mat is hung over the drainage basin beyond the cough portion,
In a state where the valve is closed and the drainage basin can store water, the capillarity of the irrigation mat allows the cultivating part and the water storage part of the drainage basin to permeate each other. Featured pot cultivation equipment. The pot cultivation apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the upper surface of the drainage basin provided on the cultivation stand and the upper surface of the irrigation mat are substantially at the same height. The pot cultivation apparatus according to claim 2 or 3 , wherein a light shielding sheet is further disposed below the water stop sheet disposed below the irrigation mat. The drainage basin is provided along the longitudinal direction of the center of the cultivation rack in the width direction, and the edge of each irrigation mat laid on both sides of the drainage basin is on the drainage basin side. The pot cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 4 , wherein the pot cultivation apparatus is suspended from the drainage basin.

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