JP3641915B2 - Eraser manufacturing method - Google Patents

Eraser manufacturing method Download PDF

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JP3641915B2
JP3641915B2 JP24611997A JP24611997A JP3641915B2 JP 3641915 B2 JP3641915 B2 JP 3641915B2 JP 24611997 A JP24611997 A JP 24611997A JP 24611997 A JP24611997 A JP 24611997A JP 3641915 B2 JP3641915 B2 JP 3641915B2
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Prior art keywords
vinyl chloride
kneading
eraser
temperature
chloride resin
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JPH1159077A (en
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安宏 高橋
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Pentel Co Ltd
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Pentel Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、塩化ビニル系樹脂と可塑剤から少なくともなる軟質塩化ビニル成形品を消しゴムの基材として使用する消しゴムの製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近時、人体・環境への安全性、ゴミ処分場確保問題、資源・エネルギーの有効利用といった多角的な問題として、廃プラスチックのリサイクルが大きな社会的課題となっている。
これら廃プラスチックの1つに塩化ビニル系樹脂と可塑剤から少なくともなる軟質塩化ビニル成形品がある。
軟質塩化ビニル成形品の廃材としては、工場の生産工程で発生する裁断時の切れ端などの未使用の屑と、製品として使用された使用済みの廃材とがある。使用済みの廃材のうち、特にビニールハウス等に使用された農業用塩化ビニル樹脂製フィルムは廃棄量が多く、そのリサイクルが社会的に望まれている。
【0003】
軟質塩化ビニル成形品の代表的なものとして、塩化ビニル樹脂製フィルムがある。塩化ビニル樹脂製フィルムの代表的配合例が、プラスチック材料講座(18)塩化ビニル樹脂(昭和47年2月20日初版発行、著者 古谷正之、発行所 日刊工業新聞社)の208ページの表7・3に下記のように記載されている。

Figure 0003641915
【0004】
一般的な軟質塩化ビニル成形品を得るための混練り条件としては、二本ロール混練り条件が、プラスチック材料講座(18)塩化ビニル樹脂の184ページの表6・2に下記のように記載されている。
Figure 0003641915
同じく、バンバリーミキサーの混錬り条件が、プラスチック材料講座(18)塩化ビニル樹脂の187ページの表6・5に下記のように記載されている。
Figure 0003641915
ここで、ストック温度は混練りされている配合物の温度である。
このように、軟質塩化ビニル成形品は既に140℃以上の高い温度で混練りされている。
【0005】
軟質塩化ビニル成形品の特殊なものとして、塩化ビニル系樹脂を基材とした消しゴムがある。ところで、塩化ビニル系樹脂を基材とした消しゴムの製造方法としては、以下のような方法が提案されている。
ペースト用塩化ビル樹脂を用いた場合の製造方法として、特公昭32−8220号公報には、ペースト用塩化ビニル樹脂100重量部に対し、可塑剤DOPを80〜160重量部とし、これに充填剤を加えて混合撹拌して得たペースト状物を125〜135℃に加熱し低度のゲル化を行ってなる消しゴムの製造方法が記載されている。
【0006】
該ペースト状物の加熱成形方法としては、該ペースト状物を型に流し込んで加熱する方法が知られている。ペースト用塩化ビニル樹脂は微粒子状の樹脂粉末であるため、可塑剤と混合したペースト状物はプラスチゾルである。このゾルは、加熱すると塩化ビニル樹脂粒子が可塑剤を吸収して膨潤するため流動性を失ってゲルとなる。さらに高温にすると塩化ビニル樹脂粒子が溶融して、塩化ビニル樹脂分子どうしが絡み合う。
塩化ビニル樹脂粒子が溶融して塩化ビニル樹脂分子どうしが絡み合った状態の成形品は丈夫なため、紙との擦過で摩耗しない。これに対し、消しゴムは紙面から消しゴムに転写した鉛筆やシャープペンシルの筆跡を、消し屑と共に排出することによって消去性能を維持している。従って、消しゴムは紙との擦過で摩耗するために、塩化ビニル樹脂粒子が溶融しないゲル状態の、特に低い状態が好ましい。
【0007】
軟質塩化ビニル成形品の代表的なものである塩化ビニル樹脂製フィルムは塩化ビニル樹脂100重量部に対し可塑剤が40重量部前後配合されている。これに対し塩化ビニル樹脂製消しゴムは塩化ビニル樹脂100重量部に対し、80〜160重量部又はそれ以上の可塑剤が必要のため、軟質塩化ビニル成形品を使った消しゴムを製造する場合、軟質塩化ビニル成形品に可塑剤を、さらに必要に応じて充填剤や他の添加剤を加えて均一にする必要がある。
しかし、塩化ビニル樹脂製フィルムは簡単な裁断や破砕では数センチ〜数ミリの大きさの薄葉状の小片にするのがやっとであり、フィルム以外の成形品についても簡単な粉砕などでは数ミリの塊状の小片にするのがやっとである。このため、軟質塩化ビニル成形品の裁断や破砕や粉砕を行ったものと可塑剤、充填剤やその他の添加剤とを混合しても均一なペースト状にはならない。更に、この混合したものを、125〜135℃に加熱しても、軟質塩化ビニル成形品の小片どうしは混ざり合わず、充填剤は軟質塩化ビニル成形品の小片間にのみ存在する。
この為、この混合したものを用いて加熱成型品を形成し、この加熱成形品で紙面を擦過した場合、この加熱成型品は、軟質塩化ビニル製成形品の小片間で崩れて、鉛筆やシャープペンシルの筆跡を消去できない。
従って、軟質塩化ビニル成形品の裁断や破砕や粉砕を行ったものと可塑剤、充填剤やその他の添加剤とを混合したもの全体を均一な状態にするためには、混練りを行う必要がある。混練りとは、加熱により樹脂を軟化、溶融させた状態で強力な剪断力により樹脂どうしや、樹脂と他の配合物を均一に練り合わせることである。
【0008】
これに対し、ペースト用塩化ビニル樹脂より粒径の大きな懸濁重合や塊状重合の塩化ビニル樹脂を使用して消しゴムを製造する方法については、懸濁重合あるいは塊状重合の塩化ビニル系樹脂と可塑剤と無機質充填剤とからなる配合物を加熱撹拌した後、背圧30〜100Kg/cm2 、配合物温度80〜140℃の条件で押出成形する消しゴムの製造方法が特開昭54−124066号公報に記載されている。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
塩化ビニル系樹脂と可塑剤から少なくともなる軟質塩化ビニル成形品を消しゴムの基材として使用する消しゴムの製造方法を提供することである。
塩化ビニル樹脂製消しゴムにおいては、低度のゲル化状態とするため125〜135℃の温度範囲で加熱したり、80〜140℃の温度範囲で混練りを行う事が知られている。しかし、これらは可塑剤を含有していない塩化ビニル樹脂をゲル化する場合の条件である。軟質塩化ビニル成形品は、既に可塑剤を含有し一旦140℃以上で混練りされている。このため、軟質塩化ビニル成形品に新たに可塑剤や他の添加剤を加えても、従来知られている消しゴムの製造方法では、均一で紙との擦過で摩耗する消去性の良い消しゴムを得ることはできない。
【0010】
塩化ビニル系樹脂と可塑剤から少なくともなる軟質塩化ビニル成形品と可塑剤、充填剤、その他の添加剤との混合物を混練りする場合、115℃未満では均一な混練りができない。即ち、例えば、混練り温度が90℃では軟質塩化ビニル成形品が十分に軟化しないため、混練り品中に軟質塩化ビニル成形品の小片が多数存在する。このため、この混練り品をブロック状に成形した消しゴムで紙面を擦過すると軟化塩化ビニル成形品の小片か剥がれるため、消去感がザラザラし、消去性も悪い。また、混練り温度が110℃の場合、軟質塩化ビニル成形品の小片はないが、混練り品をブロック状に成形した消しゴムで紙面を擦過しても、消し屑が紙面や消しゴム本体に貼り付きやすく、粘着性があってべたつく。これは、既に有る程度可塑剤を含有して一旦溶融状態になった塩化ビニル樹脂は、可塑剤を含有していない塩化ビニル樹脂に比べ可塑剤を吸収しにくくなって、塩化ビニル樹脂に吸収されない可塑剤があるためと考えられる。
これに対し、混練り温度が120℃やそれ以上の場合、混練り品をブロック状に成形した消しゴムは、丈夫で摩耗しにくく鉛筆やシャープペンシルの筆跡を消去すると、筆跡のカーボンが消しゴム表面に付着して黒く汚れ、この汚れが紙面に再転写して紙面を汚してしまう。これは、既にある程度可塑剤を含有して一旦溶融状態になった塩化ビニル樹脂は、可塑剤を含有していない塩化ビニル樹脂に比べ溶融し易いため120℃で溶融状態になるためと考えられる。
以上のように、塩化ビニル系樹脂と可塑剤から少なくともなる軟質塩化ビニル成形品を消しゴムの基材として使用する消しゴムの製造において、軟質塩化ビニル成形品と可塑剤、充填剤、その他の添加剤を混練りする場合、115℃未満では充分な混練りができず、115℃以上では紙との擦過で摩耗しにくくなり、いずれにせよ消しゴムとして消去性能が悪いものである。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、塩化ビニル系樹脂と可塑剤から少なくともなる軟質塩化ビニル成形品を消しゴムの基材として使用する消しゴムの製造方法において、この製造方法が、115℃以上で混練りを行う第1の混練り工程と、この第1の混練り工程により得られたものを室温にまで冷却する冷却工程と、この冷却工程の後に60℃以上115℃未満で混練りを行う第2の混練り工程と、この第2の混錬り工程により得られたものを所望の形状にする成形工程とを少なくとも含むことを特徴とする消しゴムの製造方法を要旨とする。
以下、詳述する。
塩化ビニル系樹脂と可塑剤から少なくともなる軟質塩化ビニル成形品は、可塑剤を含有し一旦塩化ビニル樹脂が溶融状態にされた成形品である。主な軟質塩化ビニル成形品である農業用塩化ビニル樹脂製フィルムの用途としては、地表を直接覆うマルチ、丈の短い苗にかぶせるトンネル、ビニールハウスがある。農業用塩化ビニル樹脂製フィルム以外の成形品としては一般用フィルム・シート、ビニルレザー用フィルム・シート、壁紙、玩具、雑貨などがある。
農業用塩化ビニル樹脂製フィルムは農家から大量に排出されるため、各自治体や農業団体、関連団体による回収が行われている。回収された使用済みの農業用塩化ビニル樹脂製フィルムは裁断、洗浄後、リサイクル原料として供給されている。
【0012】
軟質塩化ビニル成形品に使用されている塩化ビニル系樹脂は、塩化ビニル樹脂及び/又は塩化ビニル共重合樹脂である。共重合用の他の物質としては酢酸ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、アクリル酸、アクリル酸エステル、メタクリル酸、メタクリル酸エステル、マレイン酸、マレイン酸エステル、フマル酸、フマル酸エステル、エチレン、プロピレン、アクリロニトリル、ビニルエステル等がある。
【0013】
軟質塩化ビニル成形品を基材として使用する消しゴムに使用される可塑剤は、従来、消しゴムに使用される公知の可塑剤が使用できる。
具体的には、ジ−2−エチルヘキシルフタレート、ジノルマルオクチルフタレート、ジイソノニルフタレート、ジブチルフタレート等のフタル酸エステル類や、ジ−2−エチルヘキシルアジペート、ジ−2−エチルヘキシルアゼレート等の脂肪族二塩基酸エステル類や、トリメリット酸エステルやピロメリト酸エステル等の芳香族カルボン酸エステル類や、リン酸トリクレジル、リン酸ジフェニルクレジル等のリン酸エステル類や、クエン酸トリエチル、アセチルクエン酸トリブチル等のクエン酸エステル類や、ポリエステル可塑剤などが挙げられる。
可塑剤の使用量は、塩化ビニル系樹脂100重量部に対して80〜200重量部使用するのが消しゴムとして望ましいため、軟質塩化ビニル成形品に含まれる可塑剤量との合計がこの範囲に入るようにする。
【0014】
充填剤は、従来消しゴムに使用される公知の充填剤が使用できる。
具体的には、重質炭酸カルシウム、軽質炭酸カルシウム、膠質炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、シリカ、クレイ、タルク、珪藻土などが使用できる。
安定剤は、塩化ビニル樹脂製フィルム・シート中に既に添加されているが、さらに添加することができる。また、必要に応じて他の添加剤や着色剤など従来消しゴムに使用できることが公知の配合剤を添加できること勿論である。
【0015】
本発明の消しゴムの製造方法においては、115℃以上で混練りを行う第1の混練り工程と、この第1の混練り工程により得られたものを室温にまで冷却する冷却工程と、この冷却工程の後に60℃以上115℃未満で混練りを行う第2の混練り工程と、この第2の混錬り工程により得られたものを所望の形状にする成形工程とを少なくとも含むことが必須である。
混練りを行うためには、塩化ビニル樹脂混練り用の従来公知のロールミル、ニーダー、バンバリーミキサー、一軸スクリュー押出機、二軸スクリュー押出機などの混練機が使用できる。
第1の混練り工程においては、均一な混練りを行うために混練り温度を115℃以上とすることが必要である。これは、115℃未満では、均一な混練りができないためである。また、混練り温度が高くなりすぎると塩化ビニル樹脂が分解、炭化して、黒く着色したり混練り機に焼き付いたりするため、200℃を越えないようにした方がよく、より好ましくは150℃を越えないようにするとよい。
上記第1の混練り工程の後、この第1の混練り工程によって得られたものを室温にまで冷却する冷却工程が必要である。これは、この冷却工程の後に行われる第2の混練り工程において、摩耗性付与の効果を顕著なものとするために必要な工程である。因みに本発明において冷却工程の室温とは、15〜35℃程度である。
第2の混練り工程においては、摩耗性を付与するために、混練り温度を60℃以上115℃未満で行うことが必要である。これは、115℃以上では、丈夫で摩耗しにくく消去性の悪い消しゴムとなり、また、60℃未満では混練りで配合物に粘着性がないため、剪断力で崩れて粉の混ざった小塊状になってしまい混練りできないためである。
なお、第1の混練り工程と第2の混練り工程との混練りの温度差は20℃以上であることが好ましい。温度差が少ないと第2の混練り工程の摩耗性付与の効果が少ない。
【0016】
混練り機がロールミル、ニーダー、バンバリーミキサー等のバッチ式の場合、混練りされているものの温度の最も高い温度が一度目の混練りでは115℃以上、であり、二度目の混練りでは60℃以上115℃未満の温度範囲内に入っていればよい。
一軸スクリュー押出機、二軸スクリュー押出機などの連続式の混練り機では、混練りされているものの温度を直接測れないため、混練り機中の混練り部分において測定される、混練り機の最も高い温度が温度範囲内に入っていればよい。
例えばスクリュー式の押出成形機、射出成形機のように混練りと成形を連続して行う機械の場合、混練りを行うシリンダー部分のシリンダー温度が温度範囲内に入っていればよい。通常、シリンダーの温度は、一つのシリンダーをいくつかに区切って、独立して温度測定制御される。本発明の場合、これらの区切られたシリンダーで測定される温度の内、最も高い温度が前述の温度範囲に入っていればよい。
押出成形機の場合、成形を行い混練りを行わないフランジ、ヘッド、ダイノズル部分の温度は前述の温度範囲と関係ない。
【0017】
本発明の消しゴムの製造方法において、混練りを三回以上行っても良いが、混練り温度による作用は同じため、最後の混練りが60℃以上115℃未満の範囲であり、その他の混練り時に115℃以上で混練り後を行っていれば前述の二度混練りと実質的に同じ効果が得られる。
【0018】
上記、第1の混練り工程、冷却工程、第2の混練り工程を経て得られた配合物は、成形工程を経て所定の消しゴム形状に成形される。
この成形工程は、混練り作用を伴わない。混練りと成形を連続して行う押出成形機や射出成形機においては、シリンダー部分がスクリューによる混練り部分であり、押出成形機ではフランジ、ヘッド、ダイノズル等が成形部分であり、射出成形では金型が成形部分である。ロールミル、ニーダー、バンバリーミキサー等のバッチ式の混練り機の場合、成形部分を持たないため、混練り直後の軟化状態の配合物を型等に詰め込んで圧力により型の形状に成形するプレス成形などにより成形を行う。特に、ロールミルにより、シート状物を作る場合は、裁断などにより所定の消しゴム形状に成形する事もできる。
【0019】
【作用】
なぜ、二度目の混練り温度を60℃以上115℃未満の範囲にすると、軟質塩化ビニル成形品を基材に使用する消しゴムが、紙面との擦過で摩耗するようになるかは定かではないが、以下のためと推考される。
混練り機は混練りされる物質に剪断力により歪みを生じさせるが、充分に温度が高い場合、混練りされるものは軟らかく歪みが連続している。しかし本発明における塩化ビニル樹脂組成物は115℃未満では軟化が不充分のため、歪みが連続せず、配合物中に細かい樹脂粒子界面が形成されると考えられる。このため、成形後の消しゴムは紙との擦過においてこの界面から剥離して摩耗しやすい状態になると考えられる。混練り温度が60℃未満では配合物が硬すぎるため、剪断力により引きちぎられてバラバラの小塊物になってしまうと考えられる。
【0020】
特に農業用塩化ビニル樹脂製フィルムは屋外で使用されるため、直射日光や風雨に曝されて強度劣化が著しい。このため、リサイクルによる再利用においては、通常強度不足が大きな問題となるが、消しゴムは強度が弱く、紙との擦過で摩耗した方が好都合のため、使用済みの農業用塩化ビニル樹脂製フィルムを消しゴムに使用することは好ましい。
【0021】
【実施例】
実施例1
Figure 0003641915
(第1の混練り工程)
下記条件にて二本ロールミルで、まず塩化ビニル樹脂製透明シートを二本のロール間を通しながらロールに巻き付けた後、順次他の配合物を添加して混錬りを行い、配合物を得た。
前・後ロール温度 130℃
ロール間隔,初期 0.5〜1mm
ロール間隔,後期 >3mm
混練り時間 全ての配合物を添加後10分
混練り物温度 全ての配合物を添加後130〜140℃
(冷却工程)
この配合物を室温まで放冷した。
(第2の混練り工程)
下記条件にて二本ロールミルで前述の配合物を混錬りした。
前・後ロール温度 80℃
ロール間隔,初期 2mm
ロール間隔,後期 >3mm
混練り時間 全ての配合物を添加後10分
混練り物温度 全ての配合物を添加後80〜90℃
(成形工程)
80℃に加熱された厚さ10mm、幅22mm、長さ65mmの直方体の内容物形状を持つ型に混錬りした配合物を適宜量を入れてプレス機にて加圧して成形を行って消しゴムを得た。
【0022】
実施例2
Figure 0003641915
(第1の混練り工程)
下記条件にて二本ロールミルで、まず廃農業用塩化ビニル樹脂製フィルムを二本のロール間を通しながらロールに巻き付けた後、順次他の配合物を添加して混錬りを行い、配合物を得た。
前・後ロール温度 130℃
ロール間隔,初期 0.5〜1mm
ロール間隔,後期 >3mm
混練り時間 全ての配合物を添加後10分
混練り物温度 全ての配合物を添加後130℃
(冷却工程)
この配合物を室温まで放冷した。
(第2の混練り工程)
下記条件にて二本ロールミルで前述の配合物を混錬りした。
前・後ロール温度 100℃
ロール間隔,初期 2mm
ロール間隔,後期 >3mm
混練り時間 全ての配合物を添加後10分
混練り物温度 全ての配合物を添加後100℃
(成形工程)
100℃に加熱された厚さ10mm、幅22mm、長さ65mmの直方体の内容物形状を持つ型に混錬りした配合物を適宜量を入れてプレス機にて加圧して成形を行て消しゴムを得た。
【0023】
実施例3
Figure 0003641915
(前処理工程)
廃農業用塩化ビニル樹脂製フィルムと重質炭酸カルシウムをヘンシェルミキサーにて撹拌混合し、撹拌による発熱で80℃にした。80℃になったところでDOP、エポキシ化大豆油を前記撹拌しているヘンシェルミキサー中に投入して、顆粒状の撹拌混合物を得た。この、混合物を室温まで放冷した。
(第1の混練り工程)
シリンダー内径が90mm、スクリューの長さが28×シリンダー内径、スクリューの圧縮比(供給部側のスクリュー溝断面積÷計量部側のスクリュー溝断面積)が3.0の一軸押出機にて、材料供給側から排出側に向かってシリンダー温度を供給部温度70℃、圧縮部温度105℃、計量部温度130℃にて混練りした。
(ペレット化のための成形工程)
上記押出機のフランジ、ヘッド、ダイノズル温度130℃にて、混練りから連続して直径5mm丸棒を成形した。
(冷却工程)
この配合物を水中を通すことにより、室温にまで急冷した。
(ペレット化のための切断工程)
この配合物を水冷後、長さ5mmに切断して、ペレット状の配合物を得た。
(第2の混練り工程)
このペレット状の配合物を、上記押出機にて、材料供給側から排出側に向かってシリンダー温度を供給部温度60℃、圧縮部温度80℃、計量部温度100℃にて混練りした。
(成形工程)
上記押出機のフランジ・ヘッド・ダイノズル温度100℃にて混練りから連続して断面形状が22ミリ×10ミリの角棒を成形して消しゴムを得た。
【0024】
比較例1
実施例1において、1度目の混練り温度を100℃となした以外は、実施例1と同様になして消しゴムを得た。
【0025】
比較例2
実施例1において、2度目の混練り温度を140℃となした以外は、実施例1と同様になして消しゴムを得た。
【0026】
比較例3
実施例3において、2度目の混練り工程の温度条件を、供給部温度60℃、圧縮部温度100℃、計量部温度150℃となし、成形工程の温度条件をフランジ・ヘッド・ダイノズル温度150℃となした以外は、実施例3と同様になして消しゴムを得た。
【0027】
上記実施例1〜3及び比較例1〜3で得られた消しゴムについて、その消去性を消字率と目視評価で調べた。
結果を表1に示す。
尚、消字率はJIS S6050(平成6年2月1日改正)の4.4消し能力(消字率)の方法によって測定した。
【0028】
【表1】
Figure 0003641915
【0029】
【発明の効果】
以上、詳述したように、本発明の消しゴムの製造方法によれば、軟質塩化ビニル樹脂成形品を使用した消しゴムにおいて、良好な摩耗性を与えることにより、消去性の優れた消しゴムを得ることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing an eraser in which a soft vinyl chloride molded article comprising at least a vinyl chloride resin and a plasticizer is used as a base material for the eraser.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, recycling of waste plastics has become a major social issue as a multifaceted problem such as safety to human bodies and the environment, problems of securing garbage disposal sites, and effective use of resources and energy.
One of these waste plastics is a soft vinyl chloride molded article comprising at least a vinyl chloride resin and a plasticizer.
As waste materials of soft vinyl chloride molded products, there are unused scraps such as cut pieces generated in the production process of a factory, and used waste materials used as products. Among used waste materials, especially agricultural vinyl chloride resin films used in greenhouses and the like have a large amount of waste, and their recycling is socially desired.
[0003]
As a typical soft vinyl chloride molded product, there is a vinyl chloride resin film. Table 7 on page 208 of the plastic material course (18) vinyl chloride resin (published on February 20, 1972, author Masayuki Furuya, publisher Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun) 3 is described as follows.
Figure 0003641915
[0004]
As a kneading condition for obtaining a general soft vinyl chloride molded article, a two-roll kneading condition is described as follows in Table 6-2 on page 184 of Plastic Material Course (18) Vinyl Chloride Resin. ing.
Figure 0003641915
Similarly, the kneading conditions of the Banbury mixer are described as follows in Tables 6 and 5 on page 187 of Plastic Material Course (18) Vinyl Chloride Resin.
Figure 0003641915
Here, the stock temperature is the temperature of the compound being kneaded.
Thus, the soft vinyl chloride molded product has already been kneaded at a high temperature of 140 ° C. or higher.
[0005]
As a special soft vinyl chloride molded article, there is an eraser based on a vinyl chloride resin. By the way, as a method for producing an eraser using a vinyl chloride resin as a base material, the following method has been proposed.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 32-8220 discloses a manufacturing method in the case of using paste building chloride resin for paste, in which plasticizer DOP is 80 to 160 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of vinyl chloride resin for paste, and a filler. The paste-like product obtained by adding and mixing and stirring is heated to 125 to 135 ° C. and gelled at a low degree.
[0006]
As a method for thermoforming the paste-like product, a method is known in which the paste-like product is poured into a mold and heated. Since the vinyl chloride resin for paste is a particulate resin powder, the paste-like material mixed with the plasticizer is plastisol. When this sol is heated, the vinyl chloride resin particles absorb the plasticizer and swell so that the fluidity is lost and a gel is formed. When the temperature is further increased, the vinyl chloride resin particles melt and the vinyl chloride resin molecules are intertwined.
Since the molded product in which the vinyl chloride resin particles are melted and the vinyl chloride resin molecules are intertwined with each other is strong, it is not worn by rubbing with paper. On the other hand, the eraser maintains the erasing performance by discharging the pencil or mechanical pencil handwriting transferred from the paper surface to the eraser together with the eraser. Therefore, since the eraser is worn by rubbing with paper, a gel state in which the vinyl chloride resin particles do not melt is particularly low.
[0007]
A vinyl chloride resin film, which is a typical soft vinyl chloride molded product, contains about 40 parts by weight of a plasticizer per 100 parts by weight of a vinyl chloride resin. On the other hand, the vinyl chloride resin eraser requires a plasticizer of 80 to 160 parts by weight or more with respect to 100 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride resin. Therefore, when producing an eraser using a soft vinyl chloride molded product, It is necessary to add a plasticizer to the vinyl molded article and further add a filler and other additives as necessary to make it uniform.
However, a film made of vinyl chloride resin is finally made into thin leaf-like pieces with a size of several centimeters to several millimeters for simple cutting and crushing, and a molded product other than the film is several millimeters for simple grinding. It's finally possible to make it into chunks. For this reason, even if a soft vinyl chloride molded product that has been cut, crushed or crushed is mixed with a plasticizer, a filler, or other additives, a uniform paste is not formed. Further, even if this mixture is heated to 125 to 135 ° C., the small pieces of the soft vinyl chloride molded product do not mix with each other, and the filler exists only between the small pieces of the soft vinyl chloride molded product.
For this reason, when this mixture is used to form a thermoformed product and the surface of the paper is rubbed with the thermoformed product, the thermoformed product collapses between the small pieces of the molded product made of soft vinyl chloride, resulting in a pencil or sharpening. The pencil handwriting cannot be erased.
Therefore, it is necessary to knead in order to make the whole of the mixture of a plastic vinyl chloride molded product cut, crushed and crushed and a plasticizer, filler and other additives uniform. is there. Kneading is to uniformly knead resins or resins and other blends with a strong shearing force in a state where the resins are softened and melted by heating.
[0008]
On the other hand, for the method of producing an eraser using a suspension polymerization or bulk polymerization vinyl chloride resin having a particle size larger than that of the vinyl chloride resin for paste, a suspension polymerization or bulk polymerization vinyl chloride resin and a plasticizer are used. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 54-1224066 discloses a method for producing an eraser in which a composition comprising an inorganic filler is heated and stirred and then extruded under conditions of a back pressure of 30 to 100 kg / cm 2 and a composition temperature of 80 to 140 ° C. It is described in.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an eraser using a soft vinyl chloride molded article comprising at least a vinyl chloride resin and a plasticizer as a base material for the eraser.
It is known that a vinyl chloride resin eraser is heated in a temperature range of 125 to 135 ° C. or kneaded in a temperature range of 80 to 140 ° C. in order to obtain a low gelled state. However, these are conditions for gelling a vinyl chloride resin containing no plasticizer. The soft vinyl chloride molded product already contains a plasticizer and is once kneaded at 140 ° C. or higher. For this reason, even if a plasticizer or other additive is newly added to a soft vinyl chloride molded article, the conventionally known method for producing an eraser provides an eraser with good erasability that is uniform and wears by rubbing with paper. It is not possible.
[0010]
When a mixture of a soft vinyl chloride molded article comprising at least a vinyl chloride resin and a plasticizer and a plasticizer, a filler, and other additives is kneaded, uniform kneading cannot be performed at temperatures below 115 ° C. That is, for example, when the kneading temperature is 90 ° C., the soft vinyl chloride molded product is not sufficiently softened, so that there are many small pieces of the soft vinyl chloride molded product in the kneaded product. For this reason, when the surface of the paper is rubbed with an eraser formed into a block shape from the kneaded product, a small piece of the softened vinyl chloride molded product is peeled off, and the erasure feeling is rough and the erasability is poor. Also, when the kneading temperature is 110 ° C, there is no small piece of soft vinyl chloride molded product, but even if the paper surface is rubbed with an eraser molded into a block shape, the scraps will stick to the paper surface or eraser body Easy, sticky and sticky. This is because a vinyl chloride resin once melted containing a plasticizer to a certain extent is harder to absorb the plasticizer than a vinyl chloride resin not containing a plasticizer and is not absorbed by the vinyl chloride resin. It is thought that there is a plasticizer.
On the other hand, when the kneading temperature is 120 ° C. or higher, the eraser formed from the kneaded product in a block shape is strong and hard to wear, and when the pencil or mechanical pencil handwriting is erased, the carbon of the handwriting is removed from the eraser surface. It adheres and becomes black stains, and the stains retransfer to the paper surface and stain the paper surface. This is presumably because the vinyl chloride resin that already contained a plasticizer to some extent and was once in a molten state is melted at 120 ° C. because it is easier to melt than a vinyl chloride resin that does not contain a plasticizer.
As described above, in the production of an eraser that uses a soft vinyl chloride molded article comprising at least a vinyl chloride resin and a plasticizer as a base material for the eraser, a soft vinyl chloride molded article and a plasticizer, a filler, and other additives are added. In the case of kneading, if the temperature is lower than 115 ° C., sufficient kneading cannot be performed, and if the temperature is higher than 115 ° C., it becomes difficult to be worn by rubbing with paper, and in any case, the erase performance is poor as an eraser.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a method for producing an eraser using a soft vinyl chloride molded article comprising at least a vinyl chloride resin and a plasticizer as a base material for the eraser. A kneading step, a cooling step for cooling the product obtained in the first kneading step to room temperature, a second kneading step for kneading at 60 ° C. or more and less than 115 ° C. after the cooling step, The gist of the present invention is a method for producing an eraser characterized in that it includes at least a molding step for forming a product obtained by the second kneading step into a desired shape.
Details will be described below.
A soft vinyl chloride molded article comprising at least a vinyl chloride resin and a plasticizer is a molded article containing a plasticizer and once the vinyl chloride resin is in a molten state. Applications of agricultural vinyl chloride resin films, which are the main soft vinyl chloride molded products, include multi-layers that directly cover the ground surface, tunnels that cover short seedlings, and greenhouses. Molded articles other than agricultural vinyl chloride resin films include general film / sheets, vinyl leather films / sheets, wallpaper, toys, and miscellaneous goods.
Agricultural vinyl chloride resin films are discharged in large quantities from farmers, and are collected by local governments, agricultural organizations, and related organizations. The collected used agricultural vinyl chloride resin film is supplied as a recycled material after cutting and washing.
[0012]
The vinyl chloride resin used in the soft vinyl chloride molded article is a vinyl chloride resin and / or a vinyl chloride copolymer resin. Other materials for copolymerization include vinyl acetate, vinylidene chloride, acrylic acid, acrylic ester, methacrylic acid, methacrylic ester, maleic acid, maleic ester, fumaric acid, fumaric ester, ethylene, propylene, acrylonitrile, vinyl There are esters.
[0013]
As a plasticizer used for an eraser using a soft vinyl chloride molded article as a base material, a known plasticizer conventionally used for an eraser can be used.
Specifically, phthalic acid esters such as di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, dinormal octyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate, and aliphatic dibases such as di-2-ethylhexyl adipate and di-2-ethylhexyl azelate Acid esters, aromatic carboxylic acid esters such as trimellitic acid ester and pyromellitic acid ester, phosphoric acid esters such as tricresyl phosphate and diphenyl cresyl phosphate, triethyl citrate, tributyl acetylcitrate, etc. Examples include citrate esters and polyester plasticizers.
Since it is desirable for the eraser to use 80 to 200 parts by weight of the plasticizer based on 100 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride resin, the total amount of plasticizers contained in the soft vinyl chloride molded product falls within this range. Like that.
[0014]
As the filler, a known filler conventionally used for an eraser can be used.
Specifically, heavy calcium carbonate, light calcium carbonate, colloidal calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, silica, clay, talc, diatomaceous earth and the like can be used.
The stabilizer has already been added to the vinyl chloride resin film / sheet, but can be further added. Moreover, it is a matter of course that known compounding agents that can be used in conventional erasers such as other additives and colorants can be added as necessary.
[0015]
In the eraser production method of the present invention, a first kneading step for kneading at 115 ° C. or higher, a cooling step for cooling the product obtained by the first kneading step to room temperature, and this cooling It is essential to include at least a second kneading step of kneading at a temperature of 60 ° C. or higher and lower than 115 ° C. after the step, and a molding step of forming the product obtained by the second kneading step into a desired shape. It is.
For kneading, a conventionally known roll mill, kneader, Banbury mixer, single screw extruder, twin screw extruder, or the like for kneading vinyl chloride resin can be used.
In the first kneading step, the kneading temperature needs to be 115 ° C. or higher in order to perform uniform kneading. This is because uniform kneading cannot be performed at temperatures lower than 115 ° C. Further, if the kneading temperature is too high, the vinyl chloride resin is decomposed and carbonized to be colored black or baked on the kneading machine, so it is better not to exceed 200 ° C, more preferably 150 ° C. It is better not to exceed.
After the first kneading step, a cooling step for cooling the product obtained by the first kneading step to room temperature is necessary. This is a step necessary to make the effect of imparting wear remarkable in the second kneading step performed after the cooling step. In the present invention, the room temperature in the cooling step is about 15 to 35 ° C.
In the second kneading step, it is necessary to perform the kneading temperature at 60 ° C. or higher and lower than 115 ° C. in order to impart wear properties. At 115 ° C. or higher, it becomes an eraser that is strong, hard to wear, and has poor erasability. Also, at less than 60 ° C., since the compound is not sticky when kneaded, it breaks down by shearing force and becomes a small lump mixed with powder. This is because it becomes so difficult to knead.
In addition, it is preferable that the temperature difference of the kneading | mixing of a 1st kneading process and a 2nd kneading process is 20 degreeC or more. If the temperature difference is small, the effect of imparting wear in the second kneading step is small.
[0016]
When the kneading machine is a batch type such as a roll mill, a kneader, or a Banbury mixer, the highest temperature of the kneaded material is 115 ° C. or more in the first kneading, and 60 ° C. in the second kneading. It suffices to be within the temperature range of 115 ° C. or lower.
In continuous kneaders such as single screw extruders and twin screw extruders, the temperature of the kneaded material cannot be measured directly, so the kneader is measured at the kneading part in the kneader. It is sufficient that the highest temperature falls within the temperature range.
For example, in the case of a machine that performs kneading and molding continuously, such as a screw-type extrusion molding machine or injection molding machine, the cylinder temperature of the cylinder part to be kneaded may be within the temperature range. Usually, the temperature of a cylinder is controlled by temperature measurement independently by dividing one cylinder into several. In the case of the present invention, it is sufficient that the highest temperature among the temperatures measured by these separated cylinders is in the above-described temperature range.
In the case of an extruder, the temperatures of the flange, head, and die nozzle portions that are molded and not kneaded are irrelevant to the temperature range described above.
[0017]
In the method for producing an eraser of the present invention, kneading may be carried out three times or more. However, since the effect of the kneading temperature is the same, the final kneading is in the range of 60 ° C. or higher and lower than 115 ° C. If kneading is sometimes performed at 115 ° C. or higher, substantially the same effect as the above-mentioned twice kneading can be obtained.
[0018]
The blend obtained through the first kneading step, the cooling step, and the second kneading step is molded into a predetermined eraser shape through a molding step.
This molding process does not involve kneading action. In an extrusion molding machine or injection molding machine that performs kneading and molding continuously, the cylinder part is a kneading part with a screw. In the extrusion molding machine, the flange, head, die nozzle, etc. are molding parts. The mold is the molded part. In the case of batch-type kneaders such as roll mills, kneaders, Banbury mixers, etc., since there is no molding part, press molding that fills the mold in a soft state immediately after kneading and molds it into the shape of the mold by pressure, etc. To form. In particular, when a sheet is made by a roll mill, it can be formed into a predetermined eraser shape by cutting or the like.
[0019]
[Action]
It is not clear why the eraser using a soft vinyl chloride molded article as a base material will be worn by rubbing with the paper surface when the second kneading temperature is in the range of 60 ° C. or higher and lower than 115 ° C. This is probably due to the following.
The kneading machine causes the material to be kneaded to be distorted by a shearing force, but when the temperature is sufficiently high, the kneaded material is soft and the strain is continuous. However, the vinyl chloride resin composition in the present invention is considered to be insufficiently softened at a temperature lower than 115 ° C., so that the distortion does not continue and a fine resin particle interface is formed in the blend. For this reason, it is considered that the eraser after molding is likely to be worn away by peeling from this interface during rubbing with paper. If the kneading temperature is less than 60 ° C., the compound is too hard, and it is considered that the mixture is torn off by a shearing force and becomes a discrete lump.
[0020]
In particular, agricultural vinyl chloride resin films are used outdoors, so that they are exposed to direct sunlight and wind and rain, and the strength of the film is significantly deteriorated. For this reason, lack of strength is usually a major problem in recycling by recycling, but erasers are weak in strength, and it is more convenient to wear them by rubbing with paper. It is preferable to use it for an eraser.
[0021]
【Example】
Example 1
Figure 0003641915
(First kneading step)
First, after winding a transparent sheet made of a vinyl chloride resin around the roll while passing between the two rolls under the following conditions, add other compounds in order and knead to obtain a compound. It was.
Front / rear roll temperature 130 ℃
Roll interval, initial 0.5-1mm
Roll interval, late> 3mm
Kneading time 10 minutes after addition of all formulations Kneaded product temperature 130-140 ° C after addition of all formulations
(Cooling process)
The formulation was allowed to cool to room temperature.
(Second kneading step)
The above-mentioned compound was kneaded with a two-roll mill under the following conditions.
Front / rear roll temperature 80 ℃
Roll interval, initial 2mm
Roll interval, late> 3mm
Kneading time 10 minutes after addition of all formulations Kneaded product temperature 80-90 ° C after addition of all formulations
(Molding process)
Eraser with a suitable amount of compound kneaded in a mold having a rectangular parallelepiped content shape with a thickness of 10 mm, a width of 22 mm and a length of 65 mm heated to 80 ° C. Got.
[0022]
Example 2
Figure 0003641915
(First kneading step)
First, after winding a film made of vinyl chloride resin for waste agriculture on the roll while passing between the two rolls under the following conditions, add other compounds in order and knead them. Got.
Front / rear roll temperature 130 ℃
Roll interval, initial 0.5-1mm
Roll interval, late> 3mm
Kneading time 10 minutes after addition of all formulations Kneaded product temperature 130 ° C after addition of all formulations
(Cooling process)
The formulation was allowed to cool to room temperature.
(Second kneading step)
The above-mentioned compound was kneaded with a two-roll mill under the following conditions.
Front / rear roll temperature 100 ℃
Roll interval, initial 2mm
Roll interval, late> 3mm
Kneading time 10 minutes after addition of all formulations Kneaded product temperature 100 ° C after addition of all formulations
(Molding process)
An appropriate amount of a compound kneaded in a mold having a rectangular parallelepiped shape with a thickness of 10 mm, a width of 22 mm, and a length of 65 mm heated to 100 ° C. is pressed with a press machine, molded, and erased. Got.
[0023]
Example 3
Figure 0003641915
(Pretreatment process)
Waste vinyl chloride resin film and heavy calcium carbonate were stirred and mixed with a Henschel mixer, and heated to 80 ° C. by heat generated by stirring. When the temperature reached 80 ° C., DOP and epoxidized soybean oil were charged into the stirring Henschel mixer to obtain a granular stirring mixture. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature.
(First kneading step)
In a single screw extruder, cylinder inner diameter is 90mm, screw length is 28 x cylinder inner diameter, screw compression ratio (screw groove cross-sectional area on supply side ÷ screw groove cross-sectional area on measuring side) is 3.0 The cylinder temperature was kneaded from the supply side to the discharge side at a supply part temperature of 70 ° C., a compression part temperature of 105 ° C., and a metering part temperature of 130 ° C.
(Molding process for pelletization)
A round bar having a diameter of 5 mm was continuously formed after kneading at a flange, head and die nozzle temperature of 130 ° C. of the extruder.
(Cooling process)
The formulation was quenched to room temperature by passing it through water.
(Cutting process for pelletization)
This blend was water-cooled and then cut to a length of 5 mm to obtain a pellet-like blend.
(Second kneading step)
This pellet-shaped blend was kneaded with the above extruder from the material supply side to the discharge side at a cylinder temperature of 60 ° C., a compression unit temperature of 80 ° C., and a metering unit temperature of 100 ° C.
(Molding process)
An eraser was obtained by molding a square bar having a cross-sectional shape of 22 mm × 10 mm continuously after kneading at a flange / head / die nozzle temperature of 100 ° C. of the extruder.
[0024]
Comparative Example 1
In Example 1, an eraser was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the first kneading temperature was 100 ° C.
[0025]
Comparative Example 2
In Example 1, an eraser was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the second kneading temperature was 140 ° C.
[0026]
Comparative Example 3
In Example 3, the temperature condition of the second kneading step is a supply part temperature of 60 ° C., the compression part temperature is 100 ° C., the weighing part temperature is 150 ° C., and the temperature condition of the molding process is a flange head die nozzle temperature of 150 ° C. Except for the above, an eraser was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3.
[0027]
About the eraser obtained in the said Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3, the erasability was investigated by the erasing rate and visual evaluation.
The results are shown in Table 1.
The erasure rate was measured by the method of 4.4 erasing ability (erasure rate) of JIS S6050 (revised on February 1, 1994).
[0028]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003641915
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the method for producing an eraser of the present invention, an eraser with excellent erasability can be obtained by giving good wearability to an eraser using a soft vinyl chloride resin molded article. it can.

Claims (1)

塩化ビニル系樹脂と可塑剤から少なくともなる軟質塩化ビニル成形品を消しゴムの基材として使用する消しゴムの製造方法において、この製造方法が、115℃以上で混練りを行う第1の混練り工程と、この第1の混練り工程により得られたものを室温にまで冷却する冷却工程と、この冷却工程の後に60℃以上115℃未満で混練りを行う第2の混練り工程と、この第2の混錬り工程により得られたものを所定の形状にする成形工程とを少なくとも含むことを特徴とする消しゴムの製造方法。In a method for producing an eraser that uses a soft vinyl chloride molded article comprising at least a vinyl chloride resin and a plasticizer as an eraser base material, the production method comprises a first kneading step of kneading at 115 ° C. or higher, A cooling step of cooling the product obtained by the first kneading step to room temperature, a second kneading step of kneading at a temperature of 60 ° C. or higher and lower than 115 ° C. after the cooling step, A method for producing an eraser, comprising at least a molding step for forming a product obtained by the kneading step into a predetermined shape.
JP24611997A 1997-08-27 1997-08-27 Eraser manufacturing method Expired - Lifetime JP3641915B2 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20180058469A (en) * 2016-11-24 2018-06-01 이병열 Clay with improved resistance to temperature change and manufacturing method of character model using the same

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5557542B2 (en) * 2010-02-04 2014-07-23 パイロットインキ株式会社 Friction tool and writing instrument provided with the same

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20180058469A (en) * 2016-11-24 2018-06-01 이병열 Clay with improved resistance to temperature change and manufacturing method of character model using the same

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