JP3641840B2 - Horizontal capacitor - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a horizontal capacitor, and in particular, aims to improve thermal efficiency when a high-temperature fluid is led to a condensed state by heat exchange inside a horizontally placed main body trunk.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 4 shows an example of a heat exchanger used for condensing steam described in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 4-122974.
In FIG. 4, reference numeral 1 is a main body, 2 is a tube plate, 3 is a heat exchange chamber, 4 is a heat transfer tube, 5 is a baffle plate, 6 is a notch, 7 is a base casing, 8 is an inlet plenum, and 9 is The outlet plenum 10 is an inlet for in-pipe fluid, 11 is an outlet for in-pipe fluid, 12 is an inlet for in-cylinder fluid, 13A is an outlet for upper in-cylinder fluid, and 13B is an outlet for lower in-cylinder fluid.
[0003]
In such a heat exchanger, the in-cylinder fluid that reciprocates as shown by the solid line arrow and the pipe fluid that passes through the heat transfer pipe 4 divided into the upper and lower groups as shown by the solid line arrow. In the case of steam, a part of the steam is condensed with cooling in the heat exchanging section 3, the steam is discharged from the upper trunk fluid outlet 13 </ b> A, and the condensate is discharged from the lower trunk fluid outlet 13 </ b> B. It has a structure.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the case of condensing the in-cylinder fluid, the volume of the in-cylinder fluid is greatly reduced by condensation (decreasing to about 1/1000 in normal pressure steam). The flow rate of the in-cylinder fluid needs to be significantly reduced.
Although the flow rate of the in-cylinder fluid can be adjusted by changing the interval between the baffle plates 5, it is substantially impossible if the volume fluctuation is too large as described above.
As a countermeasure, it is conceivable to use two heat exchangers for vapor condensing and a heat exchanger for condensate connected in series to perform heat exchange separately. Although it is possible to cope with this by sending two heat exchangers in series, the low-temperature fluid must be sent to the two heat exchangers with different flow rates, which is inefficient. In addition, obstacles also increase in terms of preparing different types of heat exchangers and securing installation space.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of these circumstances, and condenses steam and cools the condensate in one main body to reduce the size and improve the heat exchange efficiency at that time. It is aimed.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A plurality of heat transfer tubes that exchange heat with the high-temperature fluid in the heat exchange chamber are housed inside the main body of the horizontal installation state, and the heat exchange chamber is a horizontal condenser in which the high-temperature fluid is led to a condensed state by heat exchange. A large volume condensing area and a small volume subcooling area are partitioned by the upper and lower partition walls, a condensing area and a subcooling area are connected to the connection port, and a high temperature fluid inlet and a condensate outlet are separated from the connection port. In the subcool zone, a bypass pipe having a diameter larger than that of the plurality of heat transfer pipes is arranged in parallel, and the bypass pipe is provided with a flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the flow rate of the fluid that passes through the bypass pipe. configuration is adopted that.
As flow rate adjusting means, a flow meter for detecting the flow rate of the condensate, a calculation unit connected to the flow meter for calculating the flow rate of the bypass pipe by a flow rate detection signal, and connected to the calculation unit and arranged in the bypass pipe The structure which comprises the control valve which adjusts an opening degree by the command of a calculating part is employ | adopted.
[0007]
[Action]
The high-temperature fluid sent into the heat exchange chamber exchanges heat with the low-temperature fluid sent into the heat transfer tube in the large-volume condensation zone, and becomes a condensate by condensation.
The condensate is fed into a small-capacity subcooling region to exchange heat with a low-temperature fluid before reaching the condensing region.
The low-temperature fluid is divided into a plurality of heat transfer tubes and a bypass pipe having a large diameter in the subcool region, and the amount of heat exchange in the subcool region is controlled by adjusting the flow rate of the bypass tube by the flow rate adjusting means.
The flow rate of the condensate is detected by a flow meter, and the required flow rate of the heat transfer tube is calculated from the detection data. Based on the calculation result, the flow rate of the bypass tube is adjusted via the control valve. The flow rate of the heat transfer tube is set.
[0008]
【Example】
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a horizontal capacitor according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0009]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the horizontal capacitor in the embodiment is divided into a main body body portion 1 installed in a horizontally placed state and a pair of tube plates 2 arranged inside the main body body portion 1. A heat exchange chamber 3 in a state of being made, a plurality of baffle plates 5A and 5B and a notch portion 6 for meandering the heat transfer tubes 4 and the flow paths arranged in the heat exchange chamber 3, and a base casing An inlet plenum portion 8 and an outlet plenum portion 9 that are formed in the heat transfer tube 4 and are connected to each other by a heat transfer tube 4, a fluid inlet 10 and a fluid outlet 11 for fluid flow into and out of the heat transfer tube 4, and An intermediate casing 14 for placing the heat transfer tubes 4 in a connected state is disposed.
[0010]
In addition to these structures, the heat exchange chamber 3 is divided into a large-capacity condensation area 22 and a small-capacity subcool area 23 by the upper and lower partition walls 21 in a horizontal state. A connection port 24 in which a part thereof is connected in the vicinity of the intermediate casing 14, and a high-temperature fluid inlet 25 and a condensate outlet 26 that are connected to the condensation region 22 and the subcooling region 23 at a position away from the connection port 24. And are arranged.
[0011]
In the subcool region 23, a bypass pipe 27 having a relatively larger diameter than the plurality of heat transfer tubes 4 is arranged in parallel with the heat transfer tubes 4.
[0012]
The bypass pipe 27 is provided with a flow rate adjusting means 28 for adjusting the flow rate of the fluid passing through the inside of the bypass pipe 27, and the flow rate adjusting means 28 is provided in the middle of the condensate discharge line 29 to flow the condensate flow rate. A flow meter 30 that detects the flow rate, a calculation unit 31 that is connected to the flow meter 30 and calculates a flow rate that should flow through the bypass pipe 27 based on a flow detection signal, and is connected to the calculation unit 31 and arranged in the bypass pipe 27 What comprises the control valve 32 which has the function to adjust an opening degree is employ | adopted.
[0013]
In such a horizontal condenser, the high temperature fluid to be condensed flows from the high temperature fluid inlet 25 to the condensing region 22, the connection port 24, the subcooling region in the heat exchange chamber 3, as indicated by the broken arrow in FIG. As shown by the solid line arrow in FIG. 1, a low temperature fluid for cooling the high temperature fluid into a condensed state is inserted from the condensate outlet 26 through the condensate outlet 26. , The inlet plenum 8, the heat transfer pipe 4 or bypass pipe 27 in the subcool zone 23, the inside of the intermediate casing 14, the heat transfer pipe 4 in the condensing zone 22, and the outlet discharged from the pipe outlet 11 through the outlet plenum 9. It becomes a state.
[0014]
Accordingly, the high-temperature fluid is condensed by cooling in the condensing region 22 having a large volume to become a condensate, and the condensate generated by this condensation is the same as the low-temperature fluid before reaching the condensing region 22 in the small-volume subcool region 23. It is cooled by heat exchange.
[0015]
As described above, the volume of the high-temperature fluid is remarkably reduced by condensing, and heat transferability is improved by becoming a condensate. It is set so that the cross-sectional area is significantly reduced.
[0016]
However, when the inside of the main body 1 is divided into the condensation area 22 and the subcool area 23, the subcool area 23 and the condensation area are arranged for the purpose of flowing a low-temperature fluid in series between the subcool area 23 and the condensation area 22. Since the total cross-sectional area of the heat transfer tube 4 in the region 22 needs to be approximately matched, the sum of the cross-sectional area of the total heat transfer tube 4 in the subcool region 23 and the cross-sectional area of the bypass tube 27 is the sum of the total heat transfer tube 4 in the condensation region 22. The diameter of the bypass pipe 27 is set so as to be slightly larger than the cross-sectional area.
Then, the flow rate of the bypass pipe 27 is adjusted by the flow rate adjusting means 28 so that the low-temperature fluid is smoothly fed from the subcool zone 23 to the condensation zone 22.
[0017]
Further, in the example of FIG. 1, the flow rate adjusting means 28 detects the amount of condensate in the condensate discharge line 29 by the flow meter 30, and the low-temperature fluid to be flowed to the heat transfer tube 4 in the subcool region 23 based on the flow rate detection data. The required flow rate is calculated.
Based on the required flow rate of these low-temperature fluids, the flow rate of the heat transfer pipe 4 in the subcool region 23 is set by adjusting the opening degree of the control valve 32 and adjusting the flow rate of the low-temperature fluid flowing through the bypass pipe 27. In other words, the heat exchange amount in the subcool region 23 is controlled.
[0018]
FIG. 3 shows a relationship model between the condensation of the hot fluid and the cooling of the condensate and the temperature rise of the cold fluid.
When the temperature of the high-temperature fluid at the high-temperature fluid inlet 25 is T ₁ , when condensing in the condensation zone 22, the high-temperature fluid becomes a substantially constant temperature T _c due to the release of latent heat, and the condensate outlet is cooled by cooling the condensate in the subcool zone 23. assume that the temperature of the condensate 26 is reduced to T _2, when the temperature t ₁ cryogen in the inlet plenum section 8 smoothly temperature t ₂ becomes from the temperature t ₁ to a temperature t ₂ at the outlet plenum 9 In other words, if the temperature t ₂ is equal to or higher than the temperature T ₂ , it means that the heat exchange between them is ideally performed.
In other words, as in the prior art 4 example figure above, the heat exchange in the subcooling region is insufficient, the difference between the temperature T _c and temperature T ₂ is decreased, the heat exchange efficiency is reduced, FIG. 1 In the example of FIG. 2, the difference between the temperature T _c and the temperature T ₂ is large, and the heat exchange efficiency of the subcool region 23 can be improved.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the horizontal capacitor according to the present invention has the following effects.
(1) By adopting a configuration in which the heat exchange chamber is divided into a large-capacity condensing area and a small-capacity subcooling area by upper and lower partition walls, condensing steam and cooling condensate inside one main body body. Therefore, it is possible to achieve downsizing and space saving, and to achieve cost reduction.
In addition, by arranging a bypass pipe with a larger diameter than the heat transfer tubes in a parallel connection in the subcooling region and diverting it from the cooling fluid, the entire amount of cooling fluid is inserted in series to improve heat exchange efficiency. Can be made.
Furthermore, by providing a flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the flow rate of the fluid that passes through the inside of the bypass pipe, it is easy to increase the volume of the condensing area and to reduce the volume of the subcooling area, thereby further improving the thermal efficiency. Can be achieved.
( 2 ) By adding a flow meter, calculation unit, and control valve as the flow rate adjusting means, the flow rate of the low-temperature fluid in the subcooling region can be set according to the amount of condensate, and highly accurate heat exchange can be performed. it can.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front sectional view showing an embodiment of a horizontal capacitor according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a horizontal capacitor according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a model diagram of a temperature change during heat exchange of the horizontal capacitor according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway front view showing a conventional example of a heat exchanger used for steam condensation.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Body trunk | drum 2 Tube plate 3 Heat exchange chamber 4 Heat transfer tube 5A, 5B Baffle plate 6 Notch part 7 Base casing 8 Inlet plenum part 9 Outlet plenum part 10 Inlet for in-pipe fluid 11 Outlet for in-pipe fluid 14 Intermediate casing 21 Upper and lower partition walls 22 Condensation zone 23 Subcooling zone 24 Connection port 25 High temperature fluid inlet 26 Condensate outlet 27 Bypass pipe 28 Flow rate adjusting means 29 Condensate discharge line 30 Flow meter 31 Calculation unit 32 Control valve

Claims (2)

A plurality of heat transfer tubes (4) for exchanging heat with the high-temperature fluid in the heat exchange chamber (3) are accommodated in the main body body (1) in the horizontal state, and the high-temperature fluid is led to a condensed state by heat exchange. A horizontal condenser in which a heat exchange chamber is partitioned into a large-capacity condensing region (22) and a small-capacity subcooling region (23) by upper and lower partition walls (21), and these are connected to the condensing region and the subcooling region. A connection port (24), a high-temperature fluid inlet (25) and a condensate outlet (26) spaced from the connection port ,
A bypass pipe (27) having a larger diameter than the plurality of heat transfer pipes (4) is arranged in a parallel connection state in the subcool region (23),
A horizontal capacitor characterized in that the bypass pipe (27) is provided with a flow rate adjusting means (28) for adjusting a flow rate of a fluid passing through the bypass pipe (27) . The flow rate adjusting means (28) includes a flow meter (30) that detects the flow rate of the condensate, a calculation unit (31) that is connected to the flow meter and calculates the flow rate of the bypass pipe (27) based on the flow rate detection signal, horizontal capacitor according to claim 1, characterized by comprising control valve disposed in the bypass pipe and the connected state to the arithmetic unit for adjusting the degree of opening by a command calculating section (32).

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