JP3641146B2 - Distinguishing melanin distribution variation in skin - Google Patents

Distinguishing melanin distribution variation in skin Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3641146B2
JP3641146B2 JP32607798A JP32607798A JP3641146B2 JP 3641146 B2 JP3641146 B2 JP 3641146B2 JP 32607798 A JP32607798 A JP 32607798A JP 32607798 A JP32607798 A JP 32607798A JP 3641146 B2 JP3641146 B2 JP 3641146B2
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Prior art keywords
skin
melanin
distribution
image
fractal
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JP2000135207A (en
Inventor
典雄 藤原
暢夫 橿淵
淳子 鈴木
信裕 安藤
博明 今井
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Pola Chemical Industries Inc
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Pola Chemical Industries Inc
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、皮膚の鑑別法に関し、更に詳しくは、皮膚構造のフラクタル性を利用した皮膚の鑑別法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
化粧料などを選択する上で、自分の肌の特性がどの様なものであるかを知ることは、非常に大切なことである。これは、化粧料の種類により、その有している効能が異なっており、適切な化粧料を選択すれば、その得られる効果は非常に大きなものとなるからである。この為、皮膚の特性を知る試みが種々為されていた。この様な試みとしては、例えば、問診による方法や皮膚水分散逸量、コンダクタンスなどの物理的な測定量を指標とする方法、レプリカ標本や皮膚剥離角質細胞標本等の観察結果を指標とする方法などが挙げられる。これらの内、より客観性の高いものは、物理的な測定量や標本観察結果を指標とする方法であり、物理的測定が、皮膚機能の一面のみしか見ていないのに対して、標本観察は多面的な情報が得られるため特に有用とされていた。又、この様な観察を使用している理由は、単に、マクロな観察項目を観察する機械を鑑別に使用するのは、その設備の規模の面から困難であるため、規模が小さくて済むこの様な観察に代替したのに過ぎない。更に、この様なミクロな観察結果とマクロな推定値の間に良好な相関関係があることの理由は全く知られていなかった。
【0003】
その一方、皮膚の構造、例えば、角質細胞の形状や角層の剥離の仕方、角質細胞面積等が肌の状態との関わりを有するであろうことは広く、化粧料技術者が抱いていた実感であった。しかしながらこれらのものがなにを意味するかについては、不明なところが多かった。更に、肌の種々の性状値の偏差と肌の性状に因果関係があることは既に知られていることではあったが、それがなにに由来するのかは全く知られていなかった。即ち、これらの数値やその偏差などは、皮膚状態との回帰等から、皮膚の状態を知る指標とされているに過ぎなかった。即ち、これらの指標の適用可能範囲については、経験上裏付けられた範囲以外については、根拠が存在しなかった。
【0004】
即ち、適切な適用可能範囲の明確な皮膚状態の鑑別手段が求められていた。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、適切な適用可能範囲の明確な皮膚状態の鑑別手段を提供することを課題とする。
【0006】
【課題の解決手段】
本発明者らは、この様な状況に鑑みて、適切な適用可能範囲の明確な皮膚状態の鑑別手段を求めて、鋭意研究を重ねた結果、皮膚の性状値を指標とする、皮膚の鑑別法に於いて、その偏差のフラクタル次元を指標とすることにより、この様な鑑別が可能であることを見出し、発明を完成させるに至った。以下、本発明について、実施の形態を中心に詳細に説明を加える。
【0007】
【発明実施の形態】
(1)皮膚のフラクタル性
上記実状より、本発明者らは、多数のパネラーを対象に種々の皮膚特性値の観察結果を集め、それらの相互比較を行ったところ、微小観察結果とマクロな観察結果、さらにはその中間的な観察結果の間に、非常に近似した性質があることを見出した。更にこの結果を詳細に検討したところ、数学で取り扱われているフラクタルの概念が当てはまるのでないかと言う推論にいたり、観察項目を肌の良否の指標となる観察結果の不均一性、即ち偏差の対数と1/縮小率の対数でプロットしたところ、何れのパネラーにおいても、相関係数0.8〜0.95で良好な直線回帰性を示し、フラクタル性を有することを見出した。更に、これらの観察結果をフラクタルとして扱った場合、そのプロッティングの傾きである、フラクタル次元は個々人により異なり、且つ、その大きさと肌の状態の間には良好な相関関係があることを見出した。このことは、1)フラクタル性があることより、微小な観察結果より、それと同様にマクロの観察結果を推定することが出来る。即ち、ビデオマイクロスコープ等で色素の不均一性の高い人は、肉眼でマクロにみた際にも、くすみやシミなどが目立ち、肌色の感じも不均一である様なことが推定されるし、逆に肉眼観察によるマクロな観察結果より、細胞レベルのミクロな形状の推定も可能である。即ち、観察レベルを何れに設定しても、それより大きいレベルの観察結果も、小さい観察結果も推定できるわけである。2)この様に、皮膚の性状値にフラクタル性があること、そのフラクタル性を表す直線が個人により異なることより、この個人個人のフラクタル性を表す定数部分についても、この定数部分そのもの自身が肌の性状の指標となることがわかる。例えば、色(或いは色素)の不均一性を例に取った場合、縦軸に観察項目の偏差の自然対数、横軸に観察の1/縮小率の自然対数を取り、個人の観察項目のプロットを行うと、色の不均一が大きい人はこのフラクタルを表す直線の傾きである、フラクタル次元は小さくなり、色が均一である人はフラクタル次元が大きくなる。この数値を本発明では、鑑別の指標として使用することもでき、これを本発明の指標として使用するのが、この数値が個人の定数であることから、特に好ましい。このフラクタル次元を指標とし、他の鑑別法を組み合わせることにより、より精度を高めることもできる。更に、同一個人でも加齢変化、老化に伴いフラクタル次元が変化することがしばしばあり、該フラクタル次元を老化の指標として使用することも可能であり、これも本発明の技術的範囲に属する。
【0008】
(2)本発明の鑑別法で使用できる観察項目
本発明の鑑別法で使用できる、皮膚状態の観察項目としては、通常皮膚の状態観察で使用されている観察項目であれば特段の限定無く使用することが出来、例えば、メラニン等の色素の分布、皮溝や皮丘、角質細胞の立体構造などの、皮膚関連部位の立体構造、角層の積層構造や角層剥離形式などの組織結合構造、マクロファージ、顆粒球、単球などの免疫担当細胞などの分布、コラーゲン、コラーゲン線維束などの組織構造等が例示できる。これらの内、特に好ましいものは、フラクタル構造がより明確である、メラニン等の色素の分布である。尚、これらの観察項目の差違により、閾値となるフラクタル次元は異なってくる。
【0009】
(3)本発明の皮膚の色素分布の鑑別法
本発明の皮膚状態の鑑別法の内、特に好ましい色素分布の鑑別について説明する。皮膚の色素分布は、微細なものとしては、ビデオマイクロスコープ観察、剥離させた角質細胞のメラニンの分布等が挙げられ、マクロなものとしては、部位毎の平均分光値、画像として取り込んだ際の部分平均輝度、部分平均RGB値の分布等が例示できる。これらの内、フラクタル次元を求めるのに好適な色素分布の測定値としては、画像解析による、輝度やRGB値を用いるのが好ましい。これは、画像解析に於いては、その拡大倍率を変え、部分域を平均値など塗りつぶす、いわゆるボックスカウンティング処理を、縮小率を変えて行うことが出来るので、1画像の取込により、指標となるフラクタル次元を算出することが可能であるからである。
【0010】
【実施例】
以下に、実施例を挙げて本発明について更に詳細に説明を加えるが、本発明がかかる実施例にのみ限定を受けないことは言うまでもない。
【0011】
<実施例1>
120名のパネラーを用いて、色の分布を用いて、皮膚の性状値のフラクタル性を確かめた。即ち、各パネラーの頬部2.5cm×2.5cmの部位を256画素×256画素の画像として取り込み、各画素について輝度を求め、この標準偏差を算出し、σ256とした。次に、この画像を128×128のキューブに分け、このキューブ内の平均輝度と標準偏差を求めた。この標準偏差をσ128とし、しかる後にキューブ内を平均輝度で塗りつぶした。この12キューブ×12キューブの画像を64×64の更に大きなキューブに分け、このキューブ内の平均輝度とその標準偏差とを求めた。この標準偏差をσ64とし、しかる後にキューブ内を平均輝度で塗りつぶした。この様にして、σ32、σ16、σ8を求めた。1/縮小率として横軸に256、128、64、32、16、8の対数を取り、Y軸に偏差として、σ256、σ128、σ64、σ32、σ16、σ8の対数をプロットした。何れのパネラーに於いても、このプロットは、相関係数0.84〜0.99で良く直線回帰していた。かくして得られた直線回帰式の傾きである、フラクタル次元は、最大値0.313、最小値0.027、平均値0.137、標準偏差0.055であった。この結果より、皮膚の性状値にフラクタル性があることが確認された。
【0012】
<実施例2>
上記実施例1のパネラーの頬部よりテープストリッピング法により、角質細胞を採取し、これをフォンタナ・マッソン染色及びヘマトキシリン・エオシン染色し、これを光学顕微鏡で観察して、細胞20個の平均的なメラニンの分布のバラツキを次の観察基準で判定した。即ち、++:著しいバラツキ、+:明瞭なバラツキ、±:やや曖昧なバラツキ、−:バラツキ無しの基準である。この結果と、上記実施例1の結果より、フラクタル次元により、フラクタル次元(FD)が小さい(0.082未満)、中程度(0.082以上0.192未満)、大きい(0.192以上)に分けた分類との関係を表1に示す。これより、メラニンの分布バラツキは、実施例1の結果と良く一致していることがわかる。即ち、微小な皮膚性状値とマクロな皮膚性状値には良い相関関係があり、これらは何れで置き換えることも可能であることがわかる。更に、これより、フラクタル次元を用いて皮膚の鑑別が可能であることもわかる。これは、皮膚の特性がフラクタル性を有しているためであり、微小な測定値で大きな測定値を推定することも、大きな測定値で微小な測定値を推定することも可能であることがわかる。
【0013】
【表1】

Figure 0003641146
【0014】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、適切な適用可能範囲の明確な皮膚状態の鑑別手段を提供することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a skin discrimination method, and more particularly, to a skin discrimination method using the fractal nature of skin structure.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It is very important to know what the characteristics of your skin are when choosing cosmetics. This is because the efficacy of the cosmetics varies depending on the type of cosmetic, and if an appropriate cosmetic is selected, the obtained effect becomes very large. For this reason, various attempts have been made to know the characteristics of the skin. Examples of such attempts include a method using an inquiry, a method using an amount of physical dispersion such as skin water dispersion loss and conductance as an index, and a method using an observation result of a replica specimen or a skin exfoliated keratinocyte specimen as an index. Is mentioned. Among these, the method with higher objectivity is the method using the physical measurement amount and the sample observation result as an index, and the physical measurement only looks at one side of the skin function, whereas the sample observation Was particularly useful because it provides multifaceted information. In addition, the reason for using such observation is that it is difficult to distinguish a machine that observes macro observation items because of the scale of the equipment, so the scale can be small. It was just a substitute for such observations. Furthermore, there was no known reason why there was a good correlation between such microscopic observations and macroscopic estimates.
[0003]
On the other hand, it is widely known that the structure of the skin, for example, the shape of the horny cells, how the horny layer peels, the horny cell area, etc. will be related to the skin condition. Met. However, there are many unclear points about what these things mean. Furthermore, although it has been already known that there is a causal relationship between deviations in various skin property values and skin properties, it has not been known at all what it is derived from. That is, these numerical values and deviations thereof are merely indices for knowing the skin condition from regression with the skin condition. In other words, there was no basis for the applicable range of these indicators, except for the range supported by experience.
[0004]
That is, there has been a demand for a means for discriminating the skin condition with an appropriate applicable range.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
It is an object of the present invention to provide a means for distinguishing a skin condition with a clear applicable range.
[0006]
[Means for solving problems]
In view of such circumstances, the present inventors have sought for a means for distinguishing a suitable skin state with an appropriate applicable range, and as a result of earnest research, as a result of skin differentiation, the skin property value is used as an index. The law has found that such a discrimination is possible by using the fractal dimension of the deviation as an index, and has completed the invention. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with a focus on embodiments.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(1) Fractal properties of skin From the above situation, the present inventors collected observation results of various skin characteristic values for a large number of panelists and compared them with each other. As a result, it was found that there is a very close property between the intermediate observation results. Furthermore, when this result was examined in detail, it was inferred that the concept of fractal treated in mathematics was applicable, and the observation item was nonuniformity of the observation result, which is an index of skin quality, that is, the logarithm of deviation. As a result of plotting with logarithm of 1 / reduction ratio, it was found that any panelists showed good linear regression with a correlation coefficient of 0.8 to 0.95 and had fractal properties. Furthermore, when these observation results are handled as fractals, the fractal dimension, which is the inclination of the plotting, varies from individual to individual, and it has been found that there is a good correlation between the size and the skin condition. . This is because 1) the fact that there is a fractal property makes it possible to estimate the macro observation result from the minute observation result. In other words, it is presumed that people with high pigment non-uniformity such as video microscopes, even when viewed macroscopically, dullness and stains are conspicuous and the skin color feeling is also uneven. Conversely, it is possible to estimate the microscopic shape at the cell level from the macroscopic observation result by the naked eye observation. That is, no matter what the observation level is set, it is possible to estimate an observation result at a higher level or a smaller observation result. 2) As described above, since the skin property value is fractal, and the straight line representing the fractal property varies from person to person, the constant part itself representing the fractal nature of the individual is also the skin itself. It turns out that it becomes a parameter | index of the property of. For example, when color (or pigment) non-uniformity is taken as an example, the vertical axis represents the natural logarithm of the deviation of the observation item, the horizontal axis represents the natural logarithm of the observation 1 / reduction ratio, and the plot of the individual observation item If the color non-uniformity is large, the fractal dimension, which is the slope of the straight line representing the fractal, becomes small, and the person with uniform color, the fractal dimension becomes large. In the present invention, this numerical value can also be used as an index for discrimination, and it is particularly preferable to use this as an index for the present invention because this numerical value is an individual constant. By using this fractal dimension as an index and combining other discrimination methods, the accuracy can be further improved. Further, even in the same individual, the fractal dimension often changes with aging and aging, and the fractal dimension can be used as an index of aging, and this also belongs to the technical scope of the present invention.
[0008]
(2) Observation items that can be used in the discrimination method of the present invention The skin condition observation items that can be used in the discrimination method of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they are observation items that are normally used in skin condition observation. For example, the distribution of pigments such as melanin, the three-dimensional structure of skin-related sites, such as the three-dimensional structure of skin grooves and hills, and keratinocytes Examples include distribution of immunocompetent cells such as macrophages, granulocytes and monocytes, and tissue structures such as collagen and collagen fiber bundles. Of these, particularly preferred is a distribution of pigments such as melanin, which has a clearer fractal structure. Note that the fractal dimension serving as the threshold varies depending on the difference between these observation items.
[0009]
(3) Discrimination method of skin pigment distribution of the present invention Among the discrimination methods of skin condition of the present invention, particularly preferable discrimination of pigment distribution will be described. As for the pigment distribution in the skin, the microscopic observation includes the video microscope observation, the distribution of melanin in the exfoliated keratinocytes, etc. Examples include partial average brightness, partial average RGB value distribution, and the like. Among these, as a measured value of the pigment distribution suitable for obtaining the fractal dimension, it is preferable to use luminance and RGB values obtained by image analysis. This is because, in image analysis, the so-called box counting process, in which the enlargement ratio is changed and the partial area is filled with an average value or the like, can be performed by changing the reduction ratio. This is because the fractal dimension can be calculated.
[0010]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to such examples.
[0011]
<Example 1>
Using the panelists of 120 people, the fractal nature of the skin property value was confirmed using the color distribution. In other words, the cheek 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm portion of each panel was captured as an image of 256 pixels × 256 pixels, the luminance was obtained for each pixel, and the standard deviation was calculated to be σ256. Next, this image was divided into 128 × 128 cubes, and the average luminance and standard deviation in this cube were determined. This standard deviation was set to σ128, and then the inside of the cube was filled with average luminance. The image of the 12 8 Cube × 12 8 cube divided into a larger cube 64 × 64, to obtain an average luminance in the cube and its standard deviation. This standard deviation was set to σ64, and then the cube was filled with average brightness. In this way, σ32, σ16, and σ8 were obtained. Logarithm of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8 is taken on the horizontal axis as 1 / reduction ratio, and logarithm of σ256, σ128, σ64, σ32, σ16, σ8 is plotted on the Y axis as deviation. In any panel, this plot was well linearly regressed with a correlation coefficient of 0.84 to 0.99. The fractal dimension, which is the slope of the linear regression equation thus obtained, was a maximum value of 0.313, a minimum value of 0.027, an average value of 0.137, and a standard deviation of 0.055. From this result, it was confirmed that the skin property value has fractal properties.
[0012]
<Example 2>
The corneocytes were collected from the cheek of the panel of Example 1 by tape stripping method, stained with Fontana-Masson and hematoxylin and eosin, and observed with an optical microscope. The variation in the distribution of melanin was determined according to the following observation criteria. That is, ++: remarkable variation, +: clear variation, ±: somewhat ambiguous variation, −: no variation variation. From this result and the result of Example 1, the fractal dimension (FD) is small (less than 0.082), medium (0.082 or more and less than 0.192), and large (0.192 or more) depending on the fractal dimension. Table 1 shows the relationship with the classification. From this, it can be seen that the distribution variation of melanin is in good agreement with the result of Example 1. That is, it can be seen that there is a good correlation between the minute skin property value and the macro skin property value, and these can be replaced by either. Furthermore, this also shows that the skin can be identified using the fractal dimension. This is because the skin characteristics are fractal, and it is possible to estimate a large measurement value with a small measurement value or a small measurement value with a large measurement value. Understand.
[0013]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003641146
[0014]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the discrimination means of the clear skin state of a suitable applicable range can be provided.

Claims (2)

被験者の頬部の部位を画像として取り込み、この画像を構成する画素の輝度を計測し、輝度の平均値と標準偏差とを求め、前記画像の輝度を求められた前記輝度の平均値とし、輝度が平均化された画像を所定の割合の縮小率に縮小し、輝度の計測から画像の縮小までを複数回行い、得られた画像ごとの前記標準偏差を縮小率と偏差の対数の座標にプロットし、これらのプロットの直線回帰式の傾きであるフラクタル次元を求め、フラクタル次元が小さいほどメラニンの分布の不均一性が高く、フラクタル次元が大きいほどメラニンの分布の不均一性が低いと鑑別することを特徴とする、皮膚に於けるメラニンの分布バラツキの鑑別法(但し、医療目的を除く)。The part of the subject's cheek is captured as an image, the luminance of the pixels constituting this image is measured, the average value of the luminance and the standard deviation are obtained, and the luminance of the image is determined as the average value of the luminance, The averaged image is reduced to a predetermined reduction ratio, the brightness measurement to the image reduction are performed multiple times, and the standard deviation for each obtained image is plotted on the logarithmic coordinates of the reduction ratio and the deviation. to obtain the fractal dimension is the slope of the linear regression of these plots, non-uniformity of the distribution of melanin as fractal dimension is small is high, to distinguish the less non-uniformity of the distribution of melanin as fractal dimension is greater A method for differentiating distribution of melanin in skin (except for medical purposes). 前記フラクタル次元が、0.082未満の時小さいと判別し、0.082以上0.192未満の時、中程度と判別し、0.192以上の時大きいと判別し、フラクタル次元の小さい肌はメラニンの分布の不均一性が高く、中程度の肌はメラニンの分布の不均一性は中程度であり、フラクタル次元が大きい肌はメラニンの分布の不均一性が低いと鑑別することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の皮膚に於けるメラニンの分布バラツキの鑑別法。When the fractal dimension is less than 0.082, it is determined to be small, when 0.082 or more and less than 0.192, it is determined to be medium, and when it is 0.192 or more, it is determined to be large. It is characterized by high melanin distribution heterogeneity, medium skin melanin distribution non-uniformity, and high fractal skin with low melanin distribution non-uniformity. The method for distinguishing melanin distribution variation in the skin according to claim 1.
JP32607798A 1998-10-30 1998-10-30 Distinguishing melanin distribution variation in skin Expired - Fee Related JP3641146B2 (en)

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