JP3630165B1 - Methane fermentation treatment method - Google Patents
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 468
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 277
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 277
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 34
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 65
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 30
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 8
- -1 ammoniacal nitrogen Chemical compound 0.000 description 7
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010800 human waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
Abstract
【課題】 簡易的な測定方法によってメタン発酵槽内におけるアンモニア性窒素濃度を監視して、メタン発酵を安定して行うことができるメタン発酵処理方法を提供する。
【解決手段】 有機性廃棄物をスラリー調整槽１０にてスラリー化してメタン発酵槽１１内に投入し、嫌気性微生物によりメタン発酵させて発酵液として取り出し、この発酵液を廃液処理槽１２にて脱窒処理するメタン発酵処理方法において、電気伝導率計３１によりメタン発酵槽１１内の電気伝導率を測定し、この発酵槽測定値が所定値以上の場合に、例えば、廃液処理槽１２内の処理水を希釈水としてメタン発酵槽１１内へ供給し、メタン発酵槽１１内の電気伝導率を低下させる。
【選択図】 図１
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a methane fermentation treatment method capable of stably performing methane fermentation by monitoring ammonia nitrogen concentration in a methane fermentation tank by a simple measurement method.
SOLUTION: An organic waste is slurried in a slurry adjustment tank 10 and put into a methane fermentation tank 11, fermented with methane by anaerobic microorganisms and taken out as a fermentation liquid, and this fermentation liquid is discharged in a waste liquid treatment tank 12. In the methane fermentation treatment method in which denitrification treatment is performed, the electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank 11 is measured by the electrical conductivity meter 31, and when the measured value of the fermentation tank is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, for example, in the waste liquid treatment tank 12 Treated water is supplied as dilution water into the methane fermentation tank 11 to reduce the electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank 11.
[Selection] Figure 1
Description
本発明は、嫌気性微生物を用いて、糞尿、生ゴミ、食品加工残滓等の有機性廃棄物を処理するメタン発酵処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a methane fermentation treatment method for treating organic waste such as manure, raw garbage, food processing residue and the like using anaerobic microorganisms.
生ごみ、消化汚泥等の有機性廃棄物のほとんどは、焼却や埋め立て処分されているが、焼却に伴うダイオキシンの発生や埋め立て処分地の逼迫、悪臭などの問題から、環境負荷の少ない処理方法が求められている。これらの問題を解決するために、有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵処理し、発生したメタンガスを燃料電池やガスエンジンを用いて発電するシステムが開発されている。 Most organic waste such as garbage and digested sludge is incinerated or disposed of in landfills. However, due to problems such as dioxin generation due to incineration, tightness of landfill sites, and bad odors, treatment methods with less environmental impact are available. It has been demanded. In order to solve these problems, a system has been developed in which organic waste is subjected to methane fermentation, and the generated methane gas is generated using a fuel cell or a gas engine.
このメタン発酵は、有機性廃棄物をバイオガスと水とに分解して大幅に減量することができ、嫌気性のため曝気動力が不要であるため省エネルギーな処理法であり、しかも副産物として生成するメタンガスをエネルギーとして回収できるメリットがある。 This methane fermentation is an energy-saving treatment method that can decompose organic waste into biogas and water, greatly reducing the amount of waste, and does not require aeration power because it is anaerobic. There is an advantage that methane gas can be recovered as energy.
メタン発酵処理においては、有機性廃棄物を粉砕、スラリー化した後、このスラリーを発酵槽に投入し、嫌気性下でメタン菌により発酵処理することで、有機性廃棄物をメタンガスに転換する。そして、投入原料の性状や運転条件などにより様々な処理方法、発酵槽が提案されている。 In the methane fermentation treatment, organic waste is pulverized and slurried, and then the slurry is put into a fermenter and fermented with methane bacteria under anaerobic conditions to convert the organic waste into methane gas. Various processing methods and fermenters have been proposed depending on the properties of the input raw materials and operating conditions.
メタン発酵においては、発酵が安定しているときは、生ゴミ等の有機性廃棄物が規定量投入されていればバイオガスが一定量生成する。しかし、発酵温度やゴミ投入量の変動によって発酵状態も変動し、この変動は発酵性能を低下させる要因となる。発酵性能が低下するのは、主としてメタン発酵に関係する嫌気性細菌群の活性が低下するためであり、活性の低下要因としては、ｐＨや温度の他にアンモニアなどの阻害物質の生成がある。したがって、このアンモニア、特にアンモニア性窒素濃度が所定濃度以下になるように発酵状態を制御する技術が知られている。 In methane fermentation, when fermentation is stable, a certain amount of biogas is produced if a specified amount of organic waste such as garbage is input. However, the fermentation state also fluctuates due to fluctuations in the fermentation temperature and the amount of dust input, and this fluctuation causes a reduction in fermentation performance. The reason why the fermentation performance is reduced is that the activity of the anaerobic bacteria group mainly related to methane fermentation is reduced, and as a factor of the decrease in activity, there is generation of an inhibitor such as ammonia in addition to pH and temperature. Therefore, a technique for controlling the fermentation state so that the concentration of ammonia, particularly ammoniacal nitrogen, is not more than a predetermined concentration is known.
例えば、下記の特許文献１には、有機性廃水をメタン発酵処理する際に、槽内のアンモニア性窒素の濃度が２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下になるよう有機性廃水を希釈することが開示されている。 For example, Patent Document 1 below discloses that when organic wastewater is subjected to methane fermentation, the organic wastewater is diluted so that the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen in the tank is 2000 mg / L or less.
また、下記の特許文献２には、有機性廃棄物を処理するメタン発酵槽内のアンモニア性窒素濃度を検出部にて検知し、この濃度が５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下となるように発酵槽内へ水を供給し、希釈することが開示されている。 Further, in Patent Document 2 below, the ammonia nitrogen concentration in a methane fermentation tank for treating organic waste is detected by a detection unit, and water is introduced into the fermentation tank so that this concentration is 5000 mg / L or less. Supplying and diluting is disclosed.
更に、下記の特許文献３には、廃水処理槽で脱窒素処理した廃水を希釈水として生ゴミに注入し、メタン発酵槽内のアンモニア濃度を低下させることが開示されている。
上記のように、メタン発酵の阻害物質の一つであるアンモニアは、メタン発酵に関わる菌の活動を阻害し、その発酵性能を著しく低下させるため、発酵液中のアンモニア性窒素濃度の検知及び制御は非常に重要である。そして、上記の従来技術においても、希釈水によってアンモニア性窒素濃度を低下させることが開示されている。 As mentioned above, ammonia, one of the inhibitors of methane fermentation, inhibits the activity of bacteria related to methane fermentation and significantly reduces the fermentation performance. Therefore, detection and control of ammoniacal nitrogen concentration in the fermentation broth Is very important. And also in said prior art, reducing ammonia nitrogen concentration with dilution water is disclosed.
しかし、上記の特許文献１〜３においては、アンモニア性窒素濃度の検出方法については詳細に開示されていない。通常、検出方法としては、イオンクロマトグラフィーなどの分析機器を用いてアンモニア性窒素を検出することが考えられる。しかし、この測定法では高価な精密測定機器が必要であり、管理、保守にもコストがかかる。また、検出に要する時間も長く、手間もかかることから常時監視には不適である。 However, in the above Patent Documents 1 to 3, a method for detecting the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration is not disclosed in detail. Usually, as a detection method, it is conceivable to detect ammonia nitrogen using an analytical instrument such as ion chromatography. However, this measurement method requires expensive precision measurement equipment, and is expensive to manage and maintain. Moreover, since the time required for detection is long and time-consuming, it is not suitable for constant monitoring.
このため、メタン発酵処理中に常時アンモニア性窒素濃度をモニタリングしながら、希釈によってアンモニア性窒素濃度を最適範囲にコントロールすることは実用的には困難であった。 For this reason, it was practically difficult to control the ammonia nitrogen concentration to the optimum range by dilution while constantly monitoring the ammonia nitrogen concentration during the methane fermentation treatment.
本発明の目的は、上記従来技術の問題点を鑑みてなされたもので、従来よりも簡易的な測定方法によって、メタン発酵槽におけるアンモニア性窒素濃度を監視して、メタン発酵を安定に行なうことができるメタン発酵処理方法を提供することにある。 The object of the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and is to stably perform methane fermentation by monitoring the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration in the methane fermentation tank by a simpler measurement method than before. The object is to provide a method for methane fermentation treatment.
すなわち、本発明のメタン発酵処理方法の第１は、有機性廃棄物をスラリー調整槽にてスラリー化してメタン発酵槽内に投入し、嫌気性微生物によりメタン発酵させて発酵液として取り出し、この発酵液を脱窒処理する廃液処理槽にて処理するメタン発酵処理方法において、
前記メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率と、前記スラリー調整槽内の電気伝導率とを測定し、前記発酵槽測定値と、前記スラリー調整槽内の電気伝導率である調整槽測定値との差が所定値以上のときに、前記メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率を下げる手段を施すことを特徴とする。
That is, the first of the methane fermentation treatment method of the present invention is that the organic waste is slurried in a slurry adjustment tank, put into the methane fermentation tank, methane-fermented by anaerobic microorganisms, taken out as a fermentation broth, and this fermentation In the methane fermentation treatment method of treating in a waste liquid treatment tank that denitrifies the liquid,
The electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank and the electrical conductivity in the slurry adjustment tank are measured, and the difference between the fermentation tank measurement value and the adjustment tank measurement value which is the electrical conductivity in the slurry adjustment tank. When is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, means for lowering the electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank is provided.
本発明の方法によれば、液体中の塩濃度は電気伝導率として表示されるため、塩基であるアンモニウムイオンも電気伝導率として表示される。本発明者らは、有機性廃棄物の性状が安定している場合には、メタン発酵槽におけるアンモニア性窒素濃度と電気伝導率との間には正の相関があることを見出した。そこで、アンモニア性窒素濃度の指標として、メタン発酵槽中の電気伝導率を用いることにより、ガスクロロマトグラフィーのような複雑で高価な分析機器を用いることなく、アンモニア性窒素濃度を、低コスト、短時間で簡単に測定することができ、常時監視することが可能となることがわかった。このように、本発明によれは、電気伝導率を指標としてアンモニア性窒素濃度を監視でき、この電気伝導度を所定値未満に維持することによってメタン発酵状態を良好に維持することができる。 According to the method of the present invention, since the salt concentration in the liquid is displayed as electric conductivity, ammonium ions that are bases are also displayed as electric conductivity. The present inventors have found that there is a positive correlation between the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration in the methane fermentation tank and the electrical conductivity when the properties of the organic waste are stable. Therefore, by using the electrical conductivity in the methane fermenter as an index of the ammonia nitrogen concentration, the ammonia nitrogen concentration can be reduced at a low cost and without using a complicated and expensive analytical instrument such as gas chromatography. It was found that it can be measured easily over time and can be monitored constantly. Thus, according to the present invention, the ammonia nitrogen concentration can be monitored using the electrical conductivity as an index, and the methane fermentation state can be favorably maintained by maintaining the electrical conductivity below a predetermined value.
また、例えば、メタン発酵処理システムに投入される、生ゴミ等の有機性廃棄物に当初から含まれる、例えば、Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ等が塩濃度に該当するため、未発酵の生ゴミ自体も電気伝導率を有している。また、メタン発酵槽で生成されるアンモニウムイオンも、上記の通り塩基であるため電気伝導率として表示されるが、メタン発酵槽に存在するアンモニア性窒素分を精度よく電気伝導率として換算するためには、投入有機性廃棄物に当初から存在する塩濃度を電気伝導率として計測して、上記の発酵槽測定値から除く必要がある。そこで、本発明の第１においては、メタン発酵槽に投入する前のスラリー調整槽の電気伝導率を調整槽測定値として求め、発酵槽測定値から減ずることで、アンモニア性窒素濃度と相関の取れた電気伝導率値が得られるようにした。 Moreover, for example, Na, K, Ca, Mg, etc., which are included in organic waste such as raw garbage that is put into the methane fermentation treatment system from the beginning, correspond to the salt concentration. It itself has electrical conductivity. In addition, ammonium ions generated in the methane fermentation tank are also displayed as electrical conductivity because they are bases as described above, but in order to accurately convert the ammoniacal nitrogen content present in the methane fermentation tank as electrical conductivity. It is necessary to measure the salt concentration present in the input organic waste from the beginning as the electric conductivity and remove it from the above fermenter measurement. Therefore, in the first aspect of the present invention, the electrical conductivity of the slurry adjustment tank before being introduced into the methane fermentation tank is obtained as a measurement value of the adjustment tank, and is subtracted from the measurement value of the fermentation tank, so that it can be correlated with the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration. electrical conductivity values were thus obtained was.
以上より、メタン発酵槽とスラリー調整槽との電気伝導率の差を指標として用いることにより、より正確にメタン発酵槽内の発酵状態を安定に維持できる。したがって、この態様は、特に原料の有機性廃棄物が生ゴミの場合に好適に用いることができる。 From the above, the fermentation state in the methane fermentation tank can be more stably maintained more accurately by using the difference in electrical conductivity between the methane fermentation tank and the slurry adjustment tank as an index. Therefore, this aspect can be suitably used particularly when the raw organic waste is raw garbage.
また、本発明の第２において、メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率を測定した発酵槽測定値と、スラリー調整槽内のスラリー塩濃度から求めたスラリー調整槽内の電気伝導率である調整槽測定値との差が所定値以上のときに、前記メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率を下げる手段を施すことが好ましい。 Further, in the second aspect of the present invention , the adjustment tank measurement which is the electric conductivity in the slurry adjustment tank obtained from the fermenter measurement value obtained by measuring the electric conductivity in the methane fermentation tank and the slurry salt concentration in the slurry adjustment tank. When the difference from the value is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, it is preferable to provide means for lowering the electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank.
例えば、厨芥のような調理済みの生ゴミの場合、食塩を多く含んでいるため、有機性廃棄物に含まれる塩は、主にＮａであり、有機性廃棄物中の塩濃度はＮａ濃度として近似することができる。表１にＮａ濃度から計算により求めた電気伝導率と、電気伝導率計で実測した電気伝導率を示すが、１ｍＳ／ｃｍ程度の差しか生じていない。よって、電気伝導率計を使用しなくても、Ｎａ濃度から、スラリーの電気伝導率を導き出すことは可能であり、この計算により求めたスラリー調整槽内の電気伝導率と、メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率との差を指標として用いることで、メタン発酵槽内の発酵状態を安定に維持できる。 For example, in the case of cooked garbage such as rice cake, since it contains a lot of salt, the salt contained in organic waste is mainly Na, and the salt concentration in organic waste is Na concentration. Can be approximated. Table 1 shows the electrical conductivity obtained by calculation from the Na concentration and the electrical conductivity actually measured with an electrical conductivity meter, but only about 1 mS / cm has occurred. Therefore, it is possible to derive the electrical conductivity of the slurry from the Na concentration without using an electrical conductivity meter, and the electrical conductivity in the slurry adjustment tank obtained by this calculation and the methane fermentation tank By using the difference from the electrical conductivity as an index, the fermentation state in the methane fermentation tank can be stably maintained.
本発明のメタン発酵処理方法の第３は、有機性廃棄物をスラリー調整槽にてスラリー化してメタン発酵槽内に投入し、嫌気性微生物によりメタン発酵させて発酵液として取り出し、この発酵液を脱窒処理する廃液処理槽にて処理するメタン発酵処理方法において、
前記メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率と、前記廃液処理槽内の電気伝導率とを測定し、前記メタン発酵槽測定値と、前記廃液処理槽内の電気伝導率である廃液処理槽測定値との差が所定値以上のときに、前記メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率を下げる手段を施すことを特徴とする。 The third of the methane fermentation treatment method of the present invention is that the organic waste is slurried in a slurry adjustment tank, charged into the methane fermentation tank, methane-fermented by anaerobic microorganisms, and taken out as a fermentation broth. In the methane fermentation treatment method to be treated in the waste liquid treatment tank to be denitrified,
The electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank and the electrical conductivity in the waste liquid treatment tank are measured, the measured value of the methane fermentation tank, and the measured value of the waste liquid treatment tank that is the electrical conductivity in the waste liquid treatment tank; When the difference is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, means for lowering the electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank is provided .
この態様によれば、例えば、し尿などのアンモニア成分を多く含む有機性廃棄物の場合には、スラリー調整槽内の未発酵の有機性廃棄物の電気伝導率が変動しやすい。このため、上記のように、メタン発酵槽とスラリー調整槽との電気伝導率の差がそのまま発酵性能の指標とならない。このため、メタン発酵槽と廃液処理槽との電気伝導率の差を指標として用いることにより、より正確にメタン発酵槽内の発酵状態を安定に維持できる。したがって、特に原料の有機性廃棄物が、アンモニア成分を含むし尿などの場合に好適に用いることができる。 According to this aspect, for example, in the case of an organic waste containing a large amount of ammonia components such as human waste, the electrical conductivity of the unfermented organic waste in the slurry adjustment tank is likely to vary. For this reason, as described above, the difference in electrical conductivity between the methane fermentation tank and the slurry adjustment tank does not directly serve as an index of fermentation performance. For this reason, the fermentation state in the methane fermentation tank can be more stably maintained more accurately by using the difference in electrical conductivity between the methane fermentation tank and the waste liquid treatment tank as an index. Therefore, it can be suitably used particularly when the organic waste of the raw material contains an ammonia component and urine.
本発明のメタン発酵処理方法の第４は、有機性廃棄物をスラリー調整槽にてスラリー化してメタン発酵槽内に投入し、嫌気性微生物によりメタン発酵させて発酵液として取り出し、廃液処理槽にて処理するメタン発酵処理方法において、
前記メタン発酵槽から取り出した発酵液の一部を脱気部に流入し、脱気処理後の前記脱気部内の電気伝導率を測定し、前記メタン発酵槽測定値と前記脱気部測定値との差が所定値以上のときに、前記メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率を下げる手段を施すことを特徴とする。
4th of the methane fermentation processing method of this invention makes an organic waste slurry in a slurry adjustment tank, throws it in a methane fermentation tank, makes methane fermentation by anaerobic microorganisms, takes out as a fermented liquid, and makes it into a waste liquid processing tank. In the methane fermentation treatment method,
A part of the fermented liquid taken out from the methane fermentation tank flows into the deaeration part, the electrical conductivity in the deaeration part after the deaeration treatment is measured , and the measured value of the methane fermenter and the measured value of the deaeration part When the difference between the methane fermenter and the methane fermenter is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, means for lowering the electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank is provided.
この態様によれば、発酵液のアンモニア性窒素は、空気を導入して曝気することにより、アンモニアガスとして気相に放散し、除去することができる。よって、メタン発酵槽と、脱気処理後の脱気部との電気伝導率の差は、脱気処理により除去したアンモニアガスに起因する電気伝導率値を示しており、前記電気伝導率の差を指標として用いることで、メタン発酵槽内のアンモニア性窒素濃度を把握することができ、メタン発酵槽内の発酵状態を安定に維持することができる。 According to this aspect, the ammoniacal nitrogen in the fermentation broth can be diffused into the gas phase as ammonia gas and removed by introducing air and aeration. Therefore, the difference in electrical conductivity between the methane fermentation tank and the deaerated portion after the deaeration treatment indicates an electrical conductivity value resulting from the ammonia gas removed by the deaeration treatment, and the difference in the electrical conductivity By using as an index, the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the methane fermentation tank can be grasped, and the fermentation state in the methane fermentation tank can be stably maintained.
本発明のメタン発酵処理方法の第５は、有機性廃棄物をスラリー調整槽にてスラリー化してメタン発酵槽内に投入し、嫌気性微生物によりメタン発酵させて発酵液として取り出し、廃液処理槽にて処理するメタン発酵処理方法において、
前記メタン発酵槽から発酵液の一部を取り出し、脱気部へ投入した後、廃液処理槽へ送り、脱気処理前後の前記脱気部の電気伝導率を測定し、前記脱気部での脱処理前後の測定値の差が所定値以上のときに、前記メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率を下げる手段を施すことを特徴とする。
In the fifth aspect of the methane fermentation treatment method of the present invention, organic waste is slurried in a slurry adjustment tank and charged into the methane fermentation tank, fermented by anaerobic microorganisms and taken out as a fermentation broth, and placed in a waste liquid treatment tank. In the methane fermentation treatment method,
After taking out a part of the fermentation broth from the methane fermentation tank and putting it into the deaeration part, it is sent to the waste liquid treatment tank, and the electrical conductivity of the deaeration part before and after the deaeration treatment is measured. When the difference between the measured values before and after the detreatment is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, means for lowering the electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank is provided.
この態様によれば、脱気処理前後の発酵液の電気伝導率の差を指標として用いることで、メタン発酵槽内のアンモニア性窒素濃度を把握することが出来るため、脱気部内の発酵液の電気伝導率の監視だけで発酵状態を安定に維持できる。 According to this aspect, by using the difference in the electrical conductivity of the fermentation broth before and after the deaeration treatment as an index, the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration in the methane fermentation tank can be grasped, so the fermentation broth in the deaeration part The fermentation state can be maintained stably only by monitoring the electrical conductivity.
本発明の第１〜第５において、前記測定値の差が９ｍＳ／ｃｍ以上の場合に、前記メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率を下げる手段を施すことが好ましい。 In the first to fifth aspects of the present invention, it is preferable to provide means for lowering the electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank when the difference between the measured values is 9 mS / cm or more.
この態様によれば、測定した電気伝導率の差が９ｍＳ／ｃｍ以上の場合、メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率を低下させることにより、メタン発酵槽内のアンモニア性窒素濃度を、上記の阻害領域である１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下に維持できる。 According to this aspect, when the difference in measured electrical conductivity is 9 mS / cm or more, the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the methane fermenter is reduced by reducing the electrical conductivity in the methane fermenter as described above. Can be maintained at 1500 mg / L or less.
また、本発明の第１〜第５において、前記メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率を下げる手段として、前記廃液処理槽内の処理水又は外部からの供給水を、希釈水として前記メタン発酵槽内へ供給することが好ましい。 In the first to fifth aspects of the present invention, as means for lowering the electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank, treated water in the waste liquid treatment tank or externally supplied water is used as dilution water in the methane fermentation tank. It is preferable to supply to.
この態様によれば、上記の電気伝導率の測定値又は測定値の差に基づいて、廃液処理槽内の処理水又は外部からの供給水を、希釈水として前記メタン発酵槽内へ供給することにより、従来よりも簡易的かつ確実に、メタン発酵槽内のアンモニア性窒素濃度を所定値以下に維持でき、メタン発酵の安定化を図ることができる。 According to this aspect, based on the measured value of electric conductivity or the difference between the measured values, the treated water in the waste liquid treatment tank or the supply water from the outside is supplied as dilution water into the methane fermentation tank. Thus, the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the methane fermentation tank can be maintained at a predetermined value or less in a simpler and more reliable manner than in the past, and methane fermentation can be stabilized.
本発明によれば、メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率を指標とすることで、メタン発酵槽におけるアンモニア性窒素濃度を監視し、メタン発酵槽と、スラリー調整槽、もしくは廃液処理槽、あるいは脱気部との電気伝導率の差を用いることで、原料となる有機性廃棄物の性状に応じたアンモニア性窒素濃度の監視と、増加の制御ができ、嫌気性細菌の活性阻害が起こらないように運転できるため、安定な発酵状態を維持することができる。 According to the present invention, by an indicator the electrical conductivity of the methane fermentation tank to monitor the ammonium nitrogen concentration in the methane fermentation tank, the methane fermentation tank, the slurry adjusting tank or liquid waste processing vessel, or removal By using the difference in electrical conductivity with the air part, it is possible to monitor the concentration of ammonia nitrogen according to the nature of the organic waste as a raw material and control the increase, so that the activity of anaerobic bacteria is not inhibited. Therefore , a stable fermentation state can be maintained.
以下、本発明について図面を用いて更に詳細に説明する。図１には、本発明のメタン発酵処理方法に用いることができるメタン発酵処理装置の実施形態(i)の概略構成図が示されている。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. The schematic block diagram of embodiment (i) of the methane fermentation processing apparatus which can be used for the methane fermentation processing method of this invention is shown by FIG.
まず、図１の処理装置について説明すると、この処理装置は、有機性廃棄物をスラリー化して貯留するスラリー調整槽１０と、メタン発酵槽１１と、メタン発酵処理後の発酵液を処理するための廃液処理槽１２とで主に構成されている。 First, the processing apparatus of FIG. 1 will be described. This processing apparatus is for processing a slurry adjusting tank 10 for slurrying and storing organic waste, a methane fermentation tank 11, and a fermentation liquid after methane fermentation treatment. It is mainly composed of the waste liquid treatment tank 12.
スラリー調整槽１０からの配管は、スラリー供給ポンプ２１を介してメタン発酵槽１１に連結されている。そして、メタン発酵槽１１からの配管は廃液処理槽１２に連結されており、更に廃液処理槽１２からの配管が、処理液循環ポンプ２２を介してメタン発酵槽１１に連結されており、廃液処理槽１２において脱窒素処理した処理水の一部がメタン発酵槽１１に返送できるように構成されている。 The piping from the slurry adjustment tank 10 is connected to the methane fermentation tank 11 via the slurry supply pump 21. The pipe from the methane fermentation tank 11 is connected to the waste liquid treatment tank 12, and the pipe from the waste liquid treatment tank 12 is connected to the methane fermentation tank 11 via the treatment liquid circulation pump 22, so that the waste liquid treatment is performed. A part of the treated water denitrified in the tank 12 is configured to be returned to the methane fermentation tank 11.
廃液処理槽１２としては脱窒処理が可能であればよく、例えば、微生物によって有機物や窒素を除去する生物処理法を行なうための活性汚泥槽や、アンモニアを脱気処理した後に空気と触媒燃焼して窒素ガスに無害化するアンモニアストリッピング法を行なう装置等を用いることができる。 The waste liquid treatment tank 12 only needs to be capable of denitrification, for example, an activated sludge tank for performing a biological treatment method for removing organic substances and nitrogen by microorganisms, or catalytic combustion with air after deaeration of ammonia. For example, an apparatus that performs an ammonia stripping method that renders nitrogen gas harmless can be used.
メタン発酵槽１１の底部からは、メタン発酵処理後のスラリーを引き抜くための配管が、スラリー引き抜きポンプ２３を介して接続されている。また、メタン発酵槽１１の底部には、供給ポンプ２４を介して水道水タンク１３が接続されており、水道水タンク１３の希釈水をメタン発酵槽１１内に供給できるように構成されている。 From the bottom of the methane fermentation tank 11, a pipe for extracting the slurry after the methane fermentation treatment is connected via a slurry extraction pump 23. Further, a tap water tank 13 is connected to the bottom of the methane fermentation tank 11 via a supply pump 24 so that dilution water in the tap water tank 13 can be supplied into the methane fermentation tank 11.
更に、メタン発酵槽１１の上部には、発生したバイオガスを取り出すための配管が接続されており、このバイオガスは、図示しないガスホルダーで回収される。 Furthermore, a pipe for taking out the generated biogas is connected to the upper part of the methane fermentation tank 11, and this biogas is collected by a gas holder (not shown).
スラリー調整槽１０及びメタン発酵槽１１には、電気伝導率計３０、３１がそれぞれ接続されており、スラリー調整槽１０内及びメタン発酵槽１１内の電気伝導率が測定可能となっている。ここで、電気伝導率計３０、３１としては従来公知のものを用いることができ特に限定されない。 Electrical conductivity meters 30 and 31 are connected to the slurry adjustment tank 10 and the methane fermentation tank 11, respectively, and the electric conductivity in the slurry adjustment tank 10 and the methane fermentation tank 11 can be measured. Here, as the electric conductivity meters 30 and 31, conventionally known ones can be used and are not particularly limited.
この電気伝導率計３０、３１からの測定値は、演算器であるＰＬＣ４０（プログラマブルロジックコントローラ）に入力されるように構成されており、演算器ＰＬＣ４０では、図２のフローチャートに示した処理が行われている。 The measurement values from the electric conductivity meters 30 and 31 are configured to be input to a PLC 40 (programmable logic controller) which is an arithmetic unit. The arithmetic unit PLC 40 performs the processing shown in the flowchart of FIG. It has been broken.
ＰＬＣ４０による演算処理及び制御を図２を用いて説明する。まずステップＳ１で、電気伝導率計３０を用いて測定されたスラリー調整槽１０内の電気伝導率がＰＬＣ４０へ測定値として入力される。次にステップＳ２で、電気伝導率計３１を用いて測定されたメタン発酵槽１１内の発酵液の電気伝導率がＰＬＣ４０へ測定値として入力される。ステップＳ１及びＳ２の工程は、ほぼ同時に行なわれている。 Arithmetic processing and control by the PLC 40 will be described with reference to FIG. First, in step S <b> 1, the electric conductivity in the slurry adjustment tank 10 measured using the electric conductivity meter 30 is input to the PLC 40 as a measured value. Next, in step S2, the electrical conductivity of the fermentation broth in the methane fermentation tank 11 measured using the electrical conductivity meter 31 is input to the PLC 40 as a measured value. Steps S1 and S2 are performed almost simultaneously.
そして、ステップＳ３へ進み、測定値の差が所定範囲内かどうかの判断が行われる。測定値が所定の範囲内であるかの判断が行われ、所定の範囲内であるならば、ステップＳ４に進み、そのままメタン発酵が継続される。前記測定値の差が所定範囲を超えた場合、ステップＳ５もしくはステップＳ６へ移る。このステップＳ５、ステップＳ６の処理はどちらであっても好ましく用いることができる。 Then, the process proceeds to step S3, and it is determined whether or not the difference between measured values is within a predetermined range. It is determined whether the measured value is within a predetermined range. If it is within the predetermined range, the process proceeds to step S4, and methane fermentation is continued as it is. When the difference between the measured values exceeds the predetermined range, the process proceeds to step S5 or step S6. Either of the processes of step S5 and step S6 can be preferably used.
ステップＳ５では、供給ポンプ２４を作動させて、メタン発酵槽１１へ上水を供給させ、メタン発酵槽１１内の発酵液の希釈を行なう。ステップＳ６では、処理液循環ポンプ２２を作動させて、メタン発酵槽１１へ処理水を供給させ、メタン発酵槽１１内の発酵液の希釈を行なう。 In step S5, the supply pump 24 is operated to supply clean water to the methane fermentation tank 11, and the fermentation liquid in the methane fermentation tank 11 is diluted. In step S6, the processing liquid circulation pump 22 is operated to supply the processing water to the methane fermentation tank 11, and the fermentation liquid in the methane fermentation tank 11 is diluted.
このようにＰＬＣ４０内では、スラリーの電気伝導率が所定値範囲内での制御が行なえるよう構成されている。 As described above, the PLC 40 is configured such that the electrical conductivity of the slurry can be controlled within a predetermined value range.
次に、この処理装置を用いた、本発明のメタン発酵処理方法について説明する。
図１において、牛、豚などの畜産糞尿や生ゴミ等の有機性廃棄物は、破砕、粉砕されスラリー調整槽１０に貯留され、ここで適度な水で希釈されてスラリー化される。スラリー化は、固形物濃度が１０〜２０質量％となるように調整することが好ましい。なお、図１の実施形態は、特に有機性廃棄物が生ゴミである場合に好ましく適用できる例である。
Next, the methane fermentation processing method of this invention using this processing apparatus is demonstrated.
In FIG. 1, organic waste such as livestock manure such as cattle and pigs and raw garbage is crushed and pulverized and stored in a slurry adjusting tank 10 where it is diluted with appropriate water to be slurried. Slurry is preferably adjusted so that the solid concentration is 10 to 20% by mass. The embodiment of FIG. 1 is an example that can be preferably applied particularly when the organic waste is garbage.
次に、このスラリーは、スラリー供給ポンプ２１によってメタン発酵槽１１に投入されてメタン発酵が行なわれる。 Next, this slurry is put into the methane fermentation tank 11 by the slurry supply pump 21 to perform methane fermentation.
メタン発酵槽１１には、図示しないメタン菌等の嫌気性微生物が付着・担持された固定化微生物を充填した固定ろ床等が設置されており、ここでスラリーのメタン発酵が行なわれ、嫌気性微生物による有機性廃棄物の分解が行われる。メタン発酵における温度は５０〜６０℃で行なうことが好ましい。これによれば、より活性の高い、高温メタン菌での発酵が行なえるので、有機性廃棄物の分解速度を更に向上することができる。 The methane fermentation tank 11 is provided with a fixed filter bed or the like filled with immobilized microorganisms on which anaerobic microorganisms such as methane bacteria (not shown) are attached and supported. The slurry is subjected to methane fermentation and anaerobic. Organic waste is decomposed by microorganisms. It is preferable to perform the temperature in methane fermentation at 50-60 degreeC. According to this, since the fermentation with a high-temperature methane bacterium having higher activity can be performed, the decomposition rate of the organic waste can be further improved.
なお、一定時間毎に供給されるスラリーと同量の発酵液が、スラリー引抜きポンプ２３によってメタン発酵槽１１の底部から引き抜かれ、メタン発酵槽１１内は、常に一定量のスラリーで満たされている。なお、発酵により生成したバイオガスは、図示しないガスホルダーに回収され、燃料電池発電装置、ガスエンジン等の発電機やボイラーの燃料として有効利用されるようになっている。 In addition, the same amount of fermentation broth as the slurry supplied at regular intervals is extracted from the bottom of the methane fermentation tank 11 by the slurry extraction pump 23, and the inside of the methane fermentation tank 11 is always filled with a fixed amount of slurry. . The biogas produced by fermentation is collected in a gas holder (not shown) and is effectively used as a fuel for a power generator such as a fuel cell power generation device or a gas engine or boiler.
ここで、本発明においては、スラリー調整槽１０及びメタン発酵槽１１において、電気伝導率計３０、３１による電気伝導率の測定が行なわれ、それぞれ調整槽測定値、発酵槽測定値が得られ、これがＰＬＣ４０に入力される。 Here, in the present invention, in the slurry adjustment tank 10 and the methane fermentation tank 11, the electric conductivity is measured by the electric conductivity meters 30, 31, and the adjustment tank measurement value and the fermentation tank measurement value are obtained, respectively. This is input to the PLC 40.
そして、ＰＬＣ４０においては、調整槽測定値と発酵槽測定値との電気伝導率の差が演算され、この測定値の差に基づいて、必要に応じて処理液循環ポンプ２２を作動させて、廃液処理槽１２中の脱窒素された処理水の一部をメタン発酵槽１１内へ供給して希釈し、電気伝導率計の差が所定値未満となるように維持する。ここで、廃液処理槽１２で処理された処理水は脱窒工程を経ているので、アンモニア性窒素濃度は発酵液の1割以下まで低下している。 And in PLC40, the difference of the electrical conductivity of an adjustment tank measured value and a fermenter measured value is calculated, and based on this measured value difference, the process liquid circulation pump 22 is operated as needed, and waste liquid A part of the denitrified treated water in the treatment tank 12 is supplied into the methane fermentation tank 11 for dilution, and maintained so that the difference in electric conductivity meter is less than a predetermined value. Here, since the treated water treated in the waste liquid treatment tank 12 has undergone a denitrification step, the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration is reduced to 10% or less of the fermentation broth.
このように、本発明は、アンモニア性窒素濃度の代わりに、電気伝導率の測定値をメタン発酵槽の監視指標として利用することを特徴としている。この電気伝導率は、発酵液全体のイオン性塩濃度に対応するので、電気伝導率の測定値はアンモニウムイオンと相関がある。 As described above, the present invention is characterized in that the measured value of electrical conductivity is used as a monitoring index of the methane fermentation tank instead of the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration. Since this electrical conductivity corresponds to the ionic salt concentration of the whole fermentation broth, the measured value of electrical conductivity is correlated with ammonium ions.
図３及び表２には、あらかじめ電気伝導率計をメタン発酵槽の発酵液部に浸漬し、その電気伝導率と、イオンクロマトグラフ法から測定したアンモニア性窒素濃度との相関性を測定した結果である。 In FIG. 3 and Table 2, the electrical conductivity meter was previously immersed in the fermentation liquid part of the methane fermenter, and the correlation between the electrical conductivity and the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration measured by ion chromatography was measured. It is.
図３及び表２より、メタン発酵槽内の発酵液の電気伝導率はアンモニア性窒素と高い相関性があることがわかる。したがって、電気伝導率の測定値をメタン発酵槽内のアンモニア性窒素の監視指標として利用することが可能である。なお、図３において、イオンクロマドグラフ法によるアンモニア性窒素濃度がゼロの場合にも電気伝導率が５．５ｍＳ／ｃｍとなっているのは、アンモニウムイオン以外のイオン成分が原因である。 From FIG. 3 and Table 2, it can be seen that the electrical conductivity of the fermentation broth in the methane fermenter is highly correlated with ammoniacal nitrogen. Therefore, the measured value of electrical conductivity can be used as a monitoring index of ammonia nitrogen in the methane fermentation tank. In FIG. 3, even when the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration by the ion chromatograph method is zero, the electrical conductivity is 5.5 mS / cm because of ion components other than ammonium ions.
アンモニアによる、メタン菌などの嫌気性細菌の阻害は、主に非解離アンモニア（ＮＨ３）のほうがアンモニウムイオン（ＮＨ４ ＋）より強い。しかし、イオンクロマトグラフ法などでアンモニウムイオンを測定し、アンモニア性窒素として換算した濃度がある一定値を超えると阻害領域となることが知られている(K.H.Hansenら,Water Research, vol.32,No.1,p5-12(1998))。この文献によれば、アンモニアによる阻害は、アンモニア性窒素濃度が４０００ｍｇ／Ｌで起こり、馴養を行っていない場合は、１５００〜２０００ｍｇ／Ｌでも生じるとされている。 Inhibition of anaerobic bacteria such as methane bacteria by ammonia is mainly stronger in non-dissociated ammonia (NH 3 ) than in ammonium ions (NH 4 + ). However, it is known that when ammonium ion is measured by ion chromatography and the concentration converted to ammonia nitrogen exceeds a certain value, it becomes an inhibition region (KHHansen et al., Water Research, vol. 32, No. .1, p5-12 (1998)). According to this document, the inhibition by ammonia occurs at an ammoniacal nitrogen concentration of 4000 mg / L, and it occurs at 1500 to 2000 mg / L when acclimatization is not performed.
したがって、アンモニア性窒素濃度を上記の１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下とすれば安定なメタン発酵が維持できると考えられるので、図３の回帰式から得られるアンモニア性窒素濃度１５００ｍｇ／Ｌのときの電気伝導率である１４．８ｍＳ／ｃｍを基準として、メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率が１４ｍＳ／ｃｍ以下となるように維持すれば、安定したメタン発酵状態を維持できることになる。 Therefore, since it is considered that stable methane fermentation can be maintained if the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 1500 mg / L or less, the electrical conductivity at the ammonia nitrogen concentration of 1500 mg / L obtained from the regression equation of FIG. If the electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank is maintained at 14 mS / cm or less with 14.8 mS / cm as a reference, a stable methane fermentation state can be maintained.
なお、上記のように、この実施形態においては有機性廃棄物が生ゴミの場合を想定している。この場合、スラリー調整槽では窒素成分がまだアンモニアになってないため、アンモニウムイオンに相当する電気伝導率として検出されない。しかし、生ゴミは、それ自体が５〜６ｍＳ／ｃｍの電気伝導率を有している。したがって、上記のスラリー調整槽１０内の電気伝導率計３０によって、この未発酵の生ゴミ自体の電気伝導率を測定し、上記のメタン発酵槽１１内の電気伝導率との差をＰＬＣ４０によって演算する。 As described above, in this embodiment, it is assumed that the organic waste is garbage. In this case, since the nitrogen component is not yet ammonia in the slurry adjusting tank, it is not detected as the electric conductivity corresponding to ammonium ions. However, raw garbage itself has an electrical conductivity of 5 to 6 mS / cm. Therefore, the electric conductivity of the unfermented garbage itself is measured by the electric conductivity meter 30 in the slurry adjusting tank 10, and the difference from the electric conductivity in the methane fermentation tank 11 is calculated by the PLC 40. To do.
そして、この電気伝導率の差が所定値以上の場合になった場合に、上記の希釈水を供給する。この場合、図３より、安定なメタン発酵状態が得られるアンモニア性窒素濃度１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下に相当する電気伝導率が１４ｍＳ／ｃｍ以下であり、生ゴミ自体の電気伝導率が５〜６ｍＳ／ｃｍであることから、両者の差をとって、電気伝導率の差が９ｍＳ／ｃｍ以上の場合に希釈水を供給し、電気伝導率の差が９ｍＳ／ｃｍ未満となるように維持することが好ましい。 Then, when the difference in electrical conductivity is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, the dilution water is supplied. In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, the electrical conductivity corresponding to an ammoniacal nitrogen concentration of 1500 mg / L or less at which a stable methane fermentation state is obtained is 14 mS / cm or less, and the electrical conductivity of the garbage itself is 5 to 6 mS / cm. Therefore, it is preferable to take the difference between the two and supply dilution water when the difference in electrical conductivity is 9 mS / cm or more and maintain the difference in electrical conductivity to be less than 9 mS / cm. .
なお、有機性廃棄物の成分が単一の場合には、メタン発酵槽１１内の電気伝導率計３１の測定値のみを用い、この発酵槽測定値が１４ｍＳ／ｃｍを超えた場合には、処理液循環ポンプ２２を作動させて、廃液処理槽中の脱窒素された処理水の一部をメタン発酵槽１１内へ供給して希釈し、電気伝導率計３１の測定値が１４ｍＳ／ｃｍ以下となるように維持してもよい。 In addition, when the component of organic waste is single, only the measured value of the electric conductivity meter 31 in the methane fermentation tank 11 is used, and when this measured value of the fermenter exceeds 14 mS / cm, The treatment liquid circulation pump 22 is operated to supply and dilute part of the denitrified treated water in the waste liquid treatment tank into the methane fermentation tank 11, and the measured value of the electric conductivity meter 31 is 14 mS / cm or less. May be maintained.
なお、希釈水としては、処理液循環ポンプ２２の代わりに供給ポンプ２４を作動させてもよく、これによって水道水タンク１３内の水道水の一部をメタン発酵槽１１内へ供給して希釈してもよい。 As the dilution water, the supply pump 24 may be operated in place of the treatment liquid circulation pump 22, whereby a part of tap water in the tap water tank 13 is supplied into the methane fermentation tank 11 for dilution. May be.
図４には、本発明のメタン発酵処理方法に用いることができるメタン発酵処理装置の実施形態(ii)の概略構成図が示されている。なお、以下の実施形態の説明においては、前記実施形態と同一部分には同符合を付して、その説明を省略することにする。 FIG. 4 shows a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment (ii) of a methane fermentation treatment apparatus that can be used in the methane fermentation treatment method of the present invention. In the following description of the embodiment, the same parts as those of the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
この実施形態においては、スラリー調整槽１０内の電気伝導率計３０に代わって、イオンメーター３５が設けられており、イオンメーター３５によるスラリー調整槽内のＮａ濃度値と、電気伝導率計３１によるメタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率値が演算器であるＰＬＣ４１（プログラマブルロジックコントローラ）に入力され、演算器ＰＬＣ４１では、図５のフローチャートに示した処理が行われている。 In this embodiment, an ion meter 35 is provided instead of the electric conductivity meter 30 in the slurry adjustment tank 10, and the Na concentration value in the slurry adjustment tank by the ion meter 35 and the electric conductivity meter 31 are used. The electrical conductivity value in the methane fermenter is input to a PLC 41 (programmable logic controller) which is a computing unit, and the processing shown in the flowchart of FIG. 5 is performed in the computing unit PLC 41.
次にＰＬＣ４１による演算処理及び制御を、図５を用いて説明する。ステップＳ２及び４〜６の処理については前記実施形態と同一であるため、ここでは省略する。 Next, arithmetic processing and control by the PLC 41 will be described with reference to FIG. The processes in steps S2 and 4-6 are the same as those in the above embodiment, and are omitted here.
ステップＳ７ではイオンメーター３５を用いてスラリー調整槽内のイオン濃度が測定され、ＰＬＣ４１内へ入力され、ステップＳ８へ進み、イオン濃度から電気伝導率値への変換が行われる。 In step S7, the ion concentration in the slurry adjusting tank is measured using the ion meter 35, and is input into the PLC 41. The process proceeds to step S8, where the ion concentration is converted into an electrical conductivity value.
そして、ステップＳ９では、ステップＳ２とステップＳ８での電気伝導率の差が所定範囲内かどうかの判断が行われる。所定の範囲内であるならば、ステップＳ４に進みメタン発酵が継続されるが、所定の範囲外であるならば、ステップＳ５もしくはステップＳ６へ移り、メタン発酵槽１１内の発酵液の希釈が行われる。 In step S9, it is determined whether or not the difference in electrical conductivity between step S2 and step S8 is within a predetermined range. If it is within the predetermined range, the process proceeds to step S4 and the methane fermentation is continued. If it is outside the predetermined range, the process proceeds to step S5 or step S6 to dilute the fermentation broth in the methane fermentation tank 11. Is called.
すなわち、ＰＬＣ４１では、スラリー調整槽内の電気伝導率をスラリーのＮａ濃度より測定するような構成となっており、更には、スラリー調整槽１０内とメタン発酵槽１１内の電気伝導率差を所定値以下とするような構成となっている。 That is, the PLC 41 is configured to measure the electric conductivity in the slurry adjustment tank from the Na concentration of the slurry, and further, the electric conductivity difference between the slurry adjustment tank 10 and the methane fermentation tank 11 is predetermined. It is configured to be below the value.
この実施形態は、有機性廃棄物が例えば、厨芥ゴミのように、主に一種類の塩成分からなるようなものの場合、好適に用いることができる。また、塩濃度から電気伝導率値へ変換させるためには、モル濃度（ｍｏｌ／ｌ）へ変換した後、物質及び濃度に固有のモル伝導率（Ｓｃｍ２／ｍｏｌ）を乗ずることで容易に変換することが出来る。このモル伝導率は例えば、社団法人日本化学会編、「化学便覧基礎編II」、改訂４版、丸善株式会社、平成５年９月３０日、第４４７ページに記載されている。 This embodiment can be suitably used in the case where the organic waste is mainly composed of one kind of salt component such as garbage. Also, in order to convert from salt concentration to electrical conductivity value, it is easily converted by converting to molar concentration (mol / l) and then multiplying the substance and concentration by the intrinsic molar conductivity (Scm 2 / mol). I can do it. This molar conductivity is described in, for example, the Chemical Society of Japan, “Chemical Handbook Basic Edition II”, revised 4th edition, Maruzen Co., Ltd., September 30, 1993, page 447.
スラリー調整槽内の電気伝導率とメタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率の差が９ｍＳ／ｃｍ未満となるようにメタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率を調整することで、安定したメタン発酵状態を維持することができるが、スラリー調整槽内の電気伝導率はスラリーの塩濃度より求めることができるため、安定したメタン発酵状態を維持するのに必要な設備費用、及び維持費用を削減することができる。 A stable methane fermentation state is maintained by adjusting the electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank so that the difference between the electrical conductivity in the slurry adjustment tank and the electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank is less than 9 mS / cm. However, since the electrical conductivity in the slurry adjusting tank can be obtained from the salt concentration of the slurry, the equipment cost and the maintenance cost necessary to maintain a stable methane fermentation state can be reduced.
図６には、本発明のメタン発酵処理方法に用いることができるメタン発酵処理装置の実施形態(iii)の概略構成図が示されている。なお、以下の実施形態の説明においては、前記実施形態と同一部分には同符合を付して、その説明を省略することにする。 FIG. 6 shows a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment (iii) of a methane fermentation treatment apparatus that can be used in the methane fermentation treatment method of the present invention. In the following description of the embodiment, the same parts as those of the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
この実施形態においては、廃液処理槽１２内に電気伝導率計３２が設けられており、電気伝導率計３１、３２からの測定値が、演算器であるＰＬＣ４２（プログラマブルロジックコントローラ）に入力さている。 In this embodiment, an electrical conductivity meter 32 is provided in the waste liquid treatment tank 12, and measured values from the electrical conductivity meters 31, 32 are input to a PLC 42 (programmable logic controller) that is a computing unit. .
次にＰＬＣ４２による演算処理及び制御を、図７を用いて説明する。ステップＳ２および４〜６の処理については前記実施形態と同一であるため、ここでは省略する。 Next, arithmetic processing and control by the PLC 42 will be described with reference to FIG. Since the processes in steps S2 and 4 to 6 are the same as those in the above embodiment, they are omitted here.
ステップＳ１０では電気伝導率計３２を用いて測定された廃液処理槽１２内の処理水の電気伝導率がＰＬＣ４２へ測定値として入力される。 In step S <b> 10, the electrical conductivity of the treated water in the waste liquid treatment tank 12 measured using the electrical conductivity meter 32 is input to the PLC 42 as a measured value.
そして、ステップＳ１１へ進み、測定値の差が所定範囲内かどうかの判断が行われる。測定値が所定の範囲内であるかの判断が行われ、所定の範囲内であるならば、ステップＳ４に進みメタン発酵が継続されるが、所定の範囲外であるならば、ステップＳ５もしくはステップＳ６へ移り、メタン発酵槽１１内の発酵液の希釈が行われる。 And it progresses to step S11 and it is judged whether the difference of a measured value is in a predetermined range. It is determined whether the measured value is within a predetermined range. If it is within the predetermined range, the process proceeds to step S4 and methane fermentation is continued. If it is out of the predetermined range, step S5 or step is performed. It moves to S6 and dilution of the fermented liquor in the methane fermenter 11 is performed.
すなわち、ＰＬＣ４２では、メタン発酵槽１１内と廃液処理槽１２内の電気伝導率差を所定値以下とするような構成となっている。 That is, the PLC 42 has a configuration in which the difference in electrical conductivity between the methane fermentation tank 11 and the waste liquid treatment tank 12 is set to a predetermined value or less.
この実施形態は、有機性廃棄物がし尿などであってアンモニア成分が多い場合に好適に用いられる。すなわち、原料となる有機性廃棄物中にアンモニア成分を多く含むと、スラリー調整槽内の電気伝導率が変動するため、上記の実施形態のように電気伝導率の差がそのまま発酵性能の指標とならない。このため、メタン発酵槽１１と廃液処理槽１２との電気伝導率の差を指標として用い、この電気伝導率の差が、上記の実施形態と同様の９ｍＳ／ｃｍ以上の場合に希釈水の供給を行なうことにより、メタン発酵槽１１内のアンモニア性窒素濃度を１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下に維持できる。 This embodiment is suitably used when the organic waste is human waste or the like and has a large ammonia component. That is, if the organic waste as a raw material contains a large amount of an ammonia component, the electrical conductivity in the slurry adjustment tank fluctuates, so that the difference in electrical conductivity is directly an indicator of fermentation performance as in the above embodiment. Don't be. For this reason, the difference in electrical conductivity between the methane fermentation tank 11 and the waste liquid treatment tank 12 is used as an index, and when the difference in electrical conductivity is 9 mS / cm or more as in the above embodiment, the dilution water is supplied. As a result, the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration in the methane fermentation tank 11 can be maintained at 1500 mg / L or less.
図８には、本発明のメタン発酵処理方法に用いることができるメタン発酵処理装置の実施形態(iv)の概略構成図が示されている。なお、以下の実施形態の説明においては、前記実施形態と同一部分には同符合を付して、その説明を省略することにする。 FIG. 8 shows a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment (iv) of a methane fermentation treatment apparatus that can be used in the methane fermentation treatment method of the present invention. In the following description of the embodiment, the same parts as those of the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
脱気処理を行なうための脱気部１４がメタン発酵槽１１と配管を介して接続されており、発酵液の一部を脱気部１４に取り出せるよう構成されている。 A deaeration unit 14 for performing a deaeration process is connected to the methane fermentation tank 11 via a pipe so that a part of the fermentation liquor can be taken out to the deaeration unit 14.
脱気部１４にはブロアー２５が設置されており、ブロアー２５から送り込まれる空気により、発酵液の脱気処理が行われ、アンモニア性窒素の除去をおこなうことができる。また、脱気部１４には電気伝導率計３３が設置されており、脱気部内の電気伝導率が測定できるよう構成されている。そして、電気伝導率計３１によるメタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率値、及び電気伝導率計３３による脱気処理後の脱気部１４内の電気伝導率値が演算器であるＰＬＣ４３（プログラマブルロジックコントローラ）に入力され、演算器ＰＬＣ４３では、図９のフローチャートに示した処理が行われている。 A blower 25 is installed in the degassing unit 14, and the fermentation solution is degassed by the air fed from the blower 25, and ammonia nitrogen can be removed. The deaeration unit 14 is provided with an electric conductivity meter 33 so that the electric conductivity in the deaeration unit can be measured. Then, the PLC 43 (programmable logic controller) in which the electrical conductivity value in the methane fermentation tank by the electrical conductivity meter 31 and the electrical conductivity value in the deaeration unit 14 after the deaeration treatment by the electrical conductivity meter 33 are computing units. ) And the processing shown in the flowchart of FIG. 9 is performed in the arithmetic unit PLC43.
次にＰＬＣ４３による演算処理及び制御を、図９を用いて説明する。ステップＳ２および４〜６の処理については前記実施形態と同一であるため、ここでは省略する。 Next, arithmetic processing and control by the PLC 43 will be described with reference to FIG. Since the processes in steps S2 and 4 to 6 are the same as those in the above embodiment, they are omitted here.
ステップＳ１２では電気伝導率計３３を用いて測定された脱気部１４内の脱気処理後の電気伝導率がＰＬＣ４３へ測定値として入力される。そして、ステップＳ１３へ進み、測定値の差が所定範囲内かどうかの判断が行われる。所定の範囲内であるならば、ステップＳ４に進みメタン発酵が継続されるが、所定の範囲外であるならば、ステップＳ５もしくはステップＳ６へ移り、メタン発酵槽１１内の発酵液の希釈が行われる。 In step S <b> 12, the electrical conductivity after the deaeration process in the deaeration unit 14 measured using the electrical conductivity meter 33 is input to the PLC 43 as a measured value. Then, the process proceeds to step S13, and it is determined whether or not the difference between measured values is within a predetermined range. If it is within the predetermined range, the process proceeds to step S4 and the methane fermentation is continued. If it is outside the predetermined range, the process proceeds to step S5 or step S6 to dilute the fermentation broth in the methane fermentation tank 11. Is called.
ＰＬＣ４３では、メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率と脱気処理後の脱気部内の電気伝導率の差を所定値以下とするような構成となっている。 The PLC 43 is configured such that the difference between the electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank and the electrical conductivity in the deaeration part after the deaeration treatment is set to a predetermined value or less.
脱気部での発酵液の脱気処理は、脱気部に空気を導入し、発酵液を曝気させ、発酵液中のアンモニア性窒素を大気中へアンモニアガスとして拡散させている。例えば、発酵液１Ｌを曝気流量１Ｌ／Ｌ／ｍｉｎの条件でアンモニア性窒素除去した場合、４８時間でほぼ完全に除去でき、その詳細な数値を表３に示す。また、０．５Ｌを曝気流量５Ｌ／Ｌ／ｍｉｎとすると、２時間ほどで除去することができ、脱気部に入れる発酵液の量と曝気流量を調整する事で、発酵液のアンモニア除去を短時間で実施することができる。
In the deaeration treatment of the fermentation liquid in the deaeration part, air is introduced into the deaeration part, the fermentation liquid is aerated, and ammonia nitrogen in the fermentation liquid is diffused as ammonia gas into the atmosphere. For example, when ammoniacal nitrogen is removed from 1 L of the fermentation broth under the condition of an aeration flow rate of 1 L / L / min, it can be removed almost completely in 48 hours, and detailed numerical values are shown in Table 3. Moreover, when 0.5L is set as the aeration flow rate 5L / L / min, it can be removed in about 2 hours. By adjusting the amount of the fermentation liquid to be put into the deaeration part and the aeration flow rate, ammonia removal from the fermentation liquid can be achieved. It can be carried out in a short time.
この実施形態では脱気処理後の脱気部の電気伝導率を測定し、メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率との差を求め、この電気伝導率の差を所定範囲となるよう調整することでメタン発酵状態を維持している。この電気伝導率の差は、上記の他の実施形態と同様、９ｍＳ／ｃｍ以上の場合に希釈水の供給を行なうことにより、メタン発酵槽１１内のアンモニア性窒素濃度を１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下に維持できる。 In this embodiment, the electrical conductivity of the deaerated part after the deaeration treatment is measured, the difference from the electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank is obtained, and the difference in electrical conductivity is adjusted to be within a predetermined range. The methane fermentation state is maintained. As in the other embodiments, the difference in electrical conductivity is that the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the methane fermenter 11 is maintained at 1500 mg / L or less by supplying dilution water when it is 9 mS / cm or more. it can.
また、メタン発酵槽内の発酵液と脱気部内の発酵液は固形分濃度など性状がほぼ同一である液体であるため、前記電気伝導率の差は精度の良いアンモニア性窒素を示すことができる。 In addition, since the fermentation liquid in the methane fermenter and the fermentation liquid in the deaeration unit are liquids having substantially the same properties such as the solid content concentration, the difference in the electrical conductivity can indicate highly accurate ammonia nitrogen. .
図１０には、本発明のメタン発酵処理方法に用いることができるメタン発酵処理装置の実施形態(v)の概略構成図が示されている。 FIG. 10 shows a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment (v) of a methane fermentation treatment apparatus that can be used in the methane fermentation treatment method of the present invention.
図８に示した実施形態（iv）同様、脱気処理を行なうための脱気部１４がメタン発酵槽１１と配管を介して接続されており、発酵液の一部を脱気部１４に取り出せるような構成されているが、電気伝導率計は脱気部１４内のみの配置となっている。 Similarly to the embodiment (iv) shown in FIG. 8, a deaeration unit 14 for performing a deaeration process is connected to the methane fermentation tank 11 via a pipe, and a part of the fermentation solution can be taken out to the deaeration unit 14. However, the electric conductivity meter is arranged only in the deaeration unit 14.
メタン発酵槽１１から脱気部１４へ発酵液を投入直後、及び脱気処理直後の電気伝導率が、ＰＬＣ４４へ測定値が入力できるような構成となっており、ＰＬＣ４４内では図１１のフローチャートに示した処理が行われている。 The electrical conductivity immediately after charging the fermented liquid from the methane fermenter 11 to the deaeration unit 14 and immediately after the deaeration process is configured such that the measured value can be input to the PLC 44. The flow chart of FIG. The process shown is being performed.
次にＰＬＣ４４による演算処理及び制御を、図１１を用いて説明する。ステップＳ２および４〜６の処理については前記実施形態と同一であるため、ここでは省略する。 Next, arithmetic processing and control by the PLC 44 will be described with reference to FIG. Since the processes in steps S2 and 4 to 6 are the same as those in the above embodiment, they are omitted here.
ステップＳ１４では電気伝導率計３３を用いて、メタン発酵槽１１からの発酵液が投入された直後の電気伝導率がＰＬＣ４４へ測定値として入力され、発酵液の脱気処理が開始される。そして、ステップＳ１５へと進み、所定時間脱気処理後の脱気部１４内の電気伝導率が電気伝導率がＰＬＣ４４へ測定値として入力される。 In step S14, using the electric conductivity meter 33, the electric conductivity immediately after the fermentation broth from the methane fermentation tank 11 is input is input to the PLC 44 as a measured value, and the deaeration process of the fermentation broth is started. And it progresses to step S15 and the electrical conductivity in the deaeration part 14 after a deaeration process for a predetermined time is input into PLC44 as a measured value.
そして、ステップＳ１６へと進み、先程入力された測定値の差が所定範囲内かどうかの判断が行われる。所定の範囲内であるならば、ステップＳ４に進みメタン発酵が継続されるが、所定の範囲外であるならば、ステップＳ５もしくはステップＳ６へ移り、メタン発酵槽１１内の発酵液の希釈が行われる。 Then, the process proceeds to step S16, and it is determined whether or not the difference between the measurement values input previously is within a predetermined range. If it is within the predetermined range, the process proceeds to step S4 and the methane fermentation is continued. If it is outside the predetermined range, the process proceeds to step S5 or step S6 to dilute the fermentation broth in the methane fermentation tank 11. Is called.
すなわち、ＰＬＣ４４内では脱気部内の脱気処理前後の電気伝導率差が所定値となるような構成となっている。 In other words, the PLC 44 is configured such that the electrical conductivity difference before and after the deaeration process in the deaeration part becomes a predetermined value.
この実施形態では脱気処理前後における脱気部の電気伝導率差を、メタン発酵槽内のアンモニア性窒素濃度の指標としており、そのため、発酵液の脱気処理に要する時間を測定し、把握しておく必要がある。しかし、前記電気伝導率の差は脱気処理により除去された発酵液中のアンモニア性窒素をあらわしており、メタン発酵槽内のアンモニア性窒素濃度をより精度よく示すことができ、他の実施形態と同様に、この電気伝導率の差が、上記の実施形態と同様の９ｍＳ／ｃｍ以上の場合に希釈水の供給を行なうことにより、メタン発酵槽１１内のアンモニア性窒素濃度を１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下に維持できる。また、安定したメタン発酵状態を維持するためには、脱気部内の電気伝導率を監視するだけ済み、設備費用、及び維持費用を削減することができる。 In this embodiment, the difference in the electrical conductivity of the deaeration part before and after the deaeration treatment is used as an indicator of the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the methane fermentation tank. Therefore, the time required for the deaeration treatment of the fermentation broth is measured and grasped. It is necessary to keep. However, the difference in electrical conductivity represents ammoniacal nitrogen in the fermentation broth removed by the deaeration treatment, and can more accurately indicate the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration in the methane fermentation tank. Similarly, when the difference in electrical conductivity is 9 mS / cm or more, which is the same as that in the above-described embodiment, by supplying dilution water, the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the methane fermentation tank 11 is 1500 mg / L or less. Can be maintained. Moreover, in order to maintain a stable methane fermentation state, it is only necessary to monitor the electrical conductivity in the deaeration part, and the equipment cost and the maintenance cost can be reduced.
このように、本発明によれば、有機性廃棄物の性状が異なっても、電気伝導率の監視個所を適宜選択することで、常時発酵性能を安定に維持できる。なお、本発明における電気伝導率の測定は連続的に行ってもよく、必要に応じて間欠的に行ってもよい。 As described above, according to the present invention, even if the properties of the organic waste are different, the fermentation performance can always be stably maintained by appropriately selecting the monitoring point of the electrical conductivity. In addition, the measurement of the electrical conductivity in this invention may be performed continuously, and may be intermittently performed as needed.
以下、本発明を実施例によって更に詳細に説明する。なお、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples. In addition, this invention is not limited to a following example.
実施例１
図１に示すような処理装置を用い、本発明のメタン発酵処理方法を用いて連続運転を行なった。メタン発酵槽１１としては容量１０リットルの発酵槽を使用し、発酵温度は５５℃とした。電気伝導率計としては、ＨＯＲＩＢＡ社製の導電率計ＥＳ−５１を用いた。
Example 1
Using the treatment apparatus as shown in FIG. 1, continuous operation was performed using the methane fermentation treatment method of the present invention. As the methane fermenter 11, a fermenter having a capacity of 10 liters was used, and the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C. As an electrical conductivity meter, a conductivity meter ES-51 manufactured by HORIBA was used.
有機性廃棄物としては表４に示す性状のたんぱく質の多い生ゴミ原料を使用した。表４におけるＴＳは固形分濃度である。 As the organic waste, raw garbage raw materials with a lot of proteins shown in Table 4 were used. TS in Table 4 is a solid content concentration.
なお、電気伝導率計３０の測定値と、電気伝導率計３１の測定値との差が９ｍＳ／ｃｍを超えた場合に、廃液処理槽１２から脱窒素された処理水を０．５〜１Ｌ供給し、９ｍＳ／ｃｍ未満となるように維持した。なお、希釈水の添加割合と電気伝導率の低下割合は比例するので、例えば、容量１０Ｌに対して希釈水１Ｌを添加することにより、電気伝導率は１０％の低下が見込める。図１２には、運転中の電気伝導率の差と、イオンクロマトグラフ法から求めたメタン発酵槽のアンモニア性窒素の経時変化、表５にはその詳細数値をまとめて示す。
In addition, when the difference between the measured value of the electrical conductivity meter 30 and the measured value of the electrical conductivity meter 31 exceeds 9 mS / cm, the treated water denitrified from the waste liquid treatment tank 12 is 0.5 to 1 L. And maintained at less than 9 mS / cm. In addition, since the addition rate of dilution water and the reduction rate of electrical conductivity are proportional, for example, by adding 1 L of dilution water to a capacity of 10 L, a decrease in electrical conductivity of 10% can be expected. FIG. 12 shows the difference in electrical conductivity during operation, the time-dependent change of ammoniacal nitrogen in the methane fermenter determined by ion chromatography, and Table 5 summarizes the detailed numerical values.
図１２、表５の結果より、窒素分の多いスラリーを投入後、徐々に電気伝導率の差は上昇し、それに伴いアンモニア性窒素が増加している。電気伝導率の差が９ｍＳ／ｃｍを超えたとき（９日目）、廃液処理槽から処理液を循環し、９ｍＳ／ｃｍ未満に下げた結果、アンモニア性窒素濃度を１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ未満に下げることができ、メタン発酵も順調に行われた。 From the results shown in FIG. 12 and Table 5, the difference in electrical conductivity gradually increases after the introduction of the slurry containing a large amount of nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen increases accordingly. When the difference in electrical conductivity exceeds 9 mS / cm (9th day), circulate the treatment liquid from the waste liquid treatment tank and lower it to less than 9 mS / cm. As a result, lower the ammonia nitrogen concentration to less than 1500 mg / L. The methane fermentation was performed smoothly.
実施例２
図４に示すような処理装置を用い、本発明のメタン発酵処理方法を用いて連続運転を行なった。メタン発酵槽１１としては容量６０リットルの発酵槽を使用し、発酵温度は５５℃とした。イオンメーターとしては、ＨＯＲＩＢＡ社製のナトリウムイオン計Ｃ−１２２を用いた。有機性廃棄物としては厨芥ゴミを使用し、連続運転をおこなった。また、新しいスラリーは、運転５日おきにメタン発酵槽１１へ投入した。図１３には、スラリーのＮａ濃度から計算したスラリー調整槽の電気伝導率と、電気伝導率計３１で測定したメタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率、及びイオンクロマトグラフ法から求めた発酵槽のアンモニア性窒素の経時変化を、表６にはその詳細数値を示す。
Example 2
A continuous operation was performed using the methane fermentation treatment method of the present invention using a treatment apparatus as shown in FIG. As the methane fermenter 11, a fermenter having a capacity of 60 liters was used, and the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C. As the ion meter, a sodium ion meter C-122 manufactured by HORIBA was used. As organic waste, garbage was used for continuous operation. Moreover, the new slurry was thrown into the methane fermentation tank 11 every 5 days of operation. In FIG. 13, the electrical conductivity of the slurry adjusting tank calculated from the Na concentration of the slurry, the electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank measured by the electrical conductivity meter 31, and the ammonia of the fermenter determined from the ion chromatography method. Table 6 shows the detailed numerical values of the time-dependent change of nitrogen.
図１３、表６の結果より、電気伝導率差が９ｍＳ／ｃｍ以下では、アンモニア性窒素濃度が１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下であり、一方、電気伝導率差が９ｍＳ／ｃｍ以上では、アンモニア性窒素濃度が１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ以上となるという結果が得られ、電気伝導率の差を９ｍＳ／ｃｍ以下となるよう制御することで、安定したメタン発酵状態を維持することができる。 From the results of FIG. 13 and Table 6, when the electrical conductivity difference is 9 mS / cm or less, the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration is 1500 mg / L or less, while when the electrical conductivity difference is 9 mS / cm or more, the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration is The result that it becomes 1500 mg / L or more is obtained, and the stable methane fermentation state can be maintained by controlling the difference in electrical conductivity to be 9 mS / cm or less.
実施例３
図６に示すような処理装置を用い、有機性廃棄物として表２の生ゴミ原料１質量部に対して、０．１〜０．５質量部のし尿を混合したものを使用した以外は、実施例１と同様の条件で連続運転を行った。図１４には、運転中の電気伝導率の差と、イオンクロマトグラフ法から求めた発酵槽のアンモニア性窒素の経時変化、表７にはその詳細数値を示す。
Example 3
Except for using a treatment apparatus as shown in FIG. 6 and using organic waste mixed with 0.1 to 0.5 parts by weight of human waste relative to 1 part by weight of raw garbage raw materials in Table 2, Continuous operation was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1. FIG. 14 shows the difference in electrical conductivity during operation, the time-dependent change of ammoniacal nitrogen in the fermenter determined by ion chromatography, and Table 7 shows the detailed numerical values.
図１４、表７の結果より、実施例１と同様に、アンモニア性窒素濃度を１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ未満に維持でき、メタン発酵も順調に行われた。 From the results of FIG. 14 and Table 7, as in Example 1, the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration could be maintained below 1500 mg / L, and methane fermentation was performed smoothly.
実施例４
図８に示すような処理装置を用い、本発明のメタン発酵処理方法を用いて連続運転を行なった。メタン発酵槽１１としては容量１００リットルの発酵槽を使用し、発酵温度は５５℃とした。また、脱気部１４としては容量１リットルの脱気部を使用し、メタン発酵槽１１からの発酵液０．５Ｌを脱気部１４へ流入させ、ブロアー２５からの空気流量３Ｌ／Ｌ／ｍｉｎで脱気処理を実施した。電気伝導率計としては、ＨＯＲＩＢＡ社製の導電率計ＥＳ−５１を用いた。
Example 4
Using the treatment apparatus as shown in FIG. 8, continuous operation was performed using the methane fermentation treatment method of the present invention. As the methane fermenter 11, a fermenter having a capacity of 100 liters was used, and the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C. In addition, a deaeration unit having a capacity of 1 liter is used as the deaeration unit 14, and 0.5 L of the fermentation liquid from the methane fermentation tank 11 is caused to flow into the deaeration unit 14, and the air flow rate from the blower 25 is 3 L / L / min. The deaeration process was carried out. As an electrical conductivity meter, a conductivity meter ES-51 manufactured by HORIBA was used.
上記方法で脱気処理し、図１５には脱気部１４及びメタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率、図１６にはイオンクロマトグラフ法から求めた脱気部１４及びメタン発酵槽内のアンモニア性窒素濃度の経時変化を、表８にはその詳細数値を示す。 Deaeration treatment is performed by the above method, FIG. 15 shows the electrical conductivity in the deaeration unit 14 and the methane fermentation tank, and FIG. 16 shows the ammonia gas in the deaeration unit 14 and the methane fermentation tank obtained by ion chromatography. The change in concentration with time is shown in Table 8 with detailed numerical values.
図１６及び表８の結果より、上記脱気処理方法では２時間でほぼ完全に発酵液中のアンモニアを除去することができ、また、脱気処理２時間後の脱気部の電気伝導率とメタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率との差を求めることで、発酵槽内のアンモニア性窒素濃度を監視することができ、電気伝導率差を９ｍＳ／ｃｍ以下となるよう制御することで、安定したメタン発酵状態を維持することができる。 From the results shown in FIG. 16 and Table 8, the deaeration method can remove ammonia in the fermentation solution almost completely in 2 hours, and the electrical conductivity of the deaeration part after 2 hours from the deaeration process By obtaining the difference from the electrical conductivity in the methane fermenter, the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the fermenter can be monitored, and by controlling the electrical conductivity difference to be 9 mS / cm or less, stable A methane fermentation state can be maintained.
実施例５
図１０に示すような処理装置を用い、本発明のメタン発酵処理方法を用いて連続運転を行なった。メタン発酵槽１１としては容量１００リットルの発酵槽を使用し、発酵温度は５５℃とした。また、脱気部１４としては容量１リットルの脱気部を使用し、実施例４と同条件で脱気処理を行った。電気伝導率計としては、ＨＯＲＩＢＡ社製の導電率計ＥＳ−５１を用いた。
Example 5
Using the treatment apparatus as shown in FIG. 10, continuous operation was performed using the methane fermentation treatment method of the present invention. As the methane fermenter 11, a fermenter having a capacity of 100 liters was used, and the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C. Moreover, the deaeration part 14 used the 1-liter capacity | capacitance deaeration part, and performed the deaeration process on the same conditions as Example 4. FIG. As an electrical conductivity meter, a conductivity meter ES-51 manufactured by HORIBA was used.
実施例４より、発酵液０．５Ｌ、空気流量３Ｌ／Ｌ／ｍｉｎの条件の脱気処理では２時間でほぼ完全に発酵液中のアンモニア性窒素を除去できるため、脱気処理２時間経過後、脱気部内の発酵液の交換をおこなった。 From Example 4, the degassing treatment under conditions of 0.5 L of fermentation broth and air flow rate of 3 L / L / min can remove ammonia nitrogen in the fermentation broth almost completely in 2 hours. The fermentation broth in the deaeration part was exchanged.
図１７には脱気部１４内の電気伝導率の変化を。表９にはその詳細数値を示す。 FIG. 17 shows the change in electrical conductivity in the deaeration unit 14. Table 9 shows the detailed numerical values.
脱気処理２時間後の発酵液はアンモニア性窒素がほぼ完全に除去されているため、発酵液の投入直後、及び２時間後の脱気部の電気伝導率を測定し、その差を求めることでメタン発酵槽中のアンモニア性窒素濃度を監視することができ、前記電気伝導率差を９ｍＳ／ｃｍ以下となるよう制御することで、安定したメタン発酵状態を維持することができる。また、２時間毎に発酵液を交換し、観測するような構成となっているため、メタン発酵槽内のアンモニア性窒素濃度を常時観測することができる。 Since the fermented liquor after 2 hours of deaeration has almost completely removed ammoniacal nitrogen, measure the electrical conductivity of the deaerated part immediately after charging the fermented liquid and after 2 hours, and determine the difference. Therefore, the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the methane fermentation tank can be monitored, and a stable methane fermentation state can be maintained by controlling the electrical conductivity difference to be 9 mS / cm or less. Moreover, since it is the structure which replaces and observes a fermented liquid every 2 hours, it can always observe the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration in a methane fermenter.
本発明のメタン発酵処理方法は、糞尿、生ゴミ、食品加工残滓等の有機性廃棄物を処理するために好適に用いられる。 The methane fermentation treatment method of the present invention is suitably used for treating organic waste such as manure, raw garbage, and food processing residue.
１０ スラリー調整槽
１１ メタン発酵槽
１２ 廃液処理槽
１３ 水道水タンク
１４ 脱気部
２１ スラリー供給ポンプ
２２ 処理液循環ポンプ
２３ スラリー引抜きポンプ
２４ 供給ポンプ
２５ ブロアー
３０、３１、３２、３３ 電気伝導率計
４０、４１、４２、４３、４４、ＰＬＣ（プログラマブルロジックコントローラ）
３５ イオンメーター
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Slurry adjustment tank 11 Methane fermentation tank 12 Waste liquid processing tank 13 Tap water tank 14 Deaeration part 21 Slurry supply pump 22 Treatment liquid circulation pump 23 Slurry extraction pump 24 Supply pump 25 Blower 30, 31, 32, 33 Electrical conductivity meter 40 41, 42, 43, 44, PLC (programmable logic controller)
35 Ion meter
Claims (7)
前記メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率と、前記スラリー調整槽内の電気伝導率とを測定し、前記発酵槽測定値と、前記スラリー調整槽内の電気伝導率である調整槽測定値との差が所定値以上のときに、前記メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率を下げる手段を施すことを特徴とするメタン発酵処理方法。 Methane to be processed in a waste liquid treatment tank in which organic waste is slurried in a slurry adjustment tank, put into a methane fermentation tank, fermented with methane by anaerobic microorganisms, taken out as a fermentation liquid, and this fermentation liquid is denitrified. In the fermentation treatment method,
The electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank and the electrical conductivity in the slurry adjustment tank are measured, and the difference between the fermentation tank measurement value and the adjustment tank measurement value which is the electrical conductivity in the slurry adjustment tank. When the value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, a means for reducing the electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank is provided.
前記メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率と、前記廃液処理槽内の電気伝導率とを測定し、前記メタン発酵槽測定値と、前記廃液処理槽内の電気伝導率である廃液処理槽測定値との差が所定値以上のときに、前記メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率を下げる手段を施すことを特徴とするメタン発酵処理方法。 Methane to be processed in a waste liquid treatment tank in which organic waste is slurried in a slurry adjustment tank, put into a methane fermentation tank, fermented with methane by anaerobic microorganisms, taken out as a fermentation liquid, and this fermentation liquid is denitrified. In the fermentation treatment method,
The electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank and the electrical conductivity in the waste liquid treatment tank are measured, the measured value of the methane fermentation tank, and the measured value of the waste liquid treatment tank that is the electrical conductivity in the waste liquid treatment tank; When the difference between the two is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, a means for reducing the electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank is provided.
前記メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率と、前記メタン発酵槽から取り出した発酵液の一部を脱気部に流入し、脱気処理後の前記脱気部内の電気伝導率を測定し、前記メタン発酵槽測定値と前記脱気部測定値との差が所定値以上のときに、前記メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率を下げる手段を施すことを特徴とするメタン発酵処理方法。 In a methane fermentation treatment method in which organic waste is slurried in a slurry adjustment tank and charged into a methane fermentation tank, methane-fermented by anaerobic microorganisms, taken out as a fermentation liquid, and processed in a waste liquid treatment tank.
The electrical conductivity in the methane fermentation tank and a part of the fermentation liquid taken out from the methane fermentation tank are flowed into the deaeration part, and the electrical conductivity in the deaeration part after the deaeration treatment is measured, and the methane When the difference between the fermenter measured value and the degassed portion measured value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, a means for lowering the electrical conductivity in the methane fermenter is provided.
前記メタン発酵槽から発酵液の一部を取り出し、脱気部へ投入した後、廃液処理槽へ送り、脱気処理前後の前記脱気部の電気伝導率を測定し、前記脱気部での脱気処理前後の測定値の差が所定値以上のときに、前記メタン発酵槽内の電気伝導率を下げる手段を施すことを特徴とするメタン発酵処理方法。 In a methane fermentation treatment method in which organic waste is slurried in a slurry adjustment tank and charged into a methane fermentation tank, methane-fermented by anaerobic microorganisms, taken out as a fermentation liquid, and processed in a waste liquid treatment tank.
After removing a part of the fermented liquid from the methane fermentation tank and putting it into the deaeration part, it is sent to the waste liquid treatment tank, and the electrical conductivity of the deaeration part before and after the deaeration process is measured. when the difference between the measured values before and after deaeration is a predetermined value or more, methane fermentation process wherein the applying means for reducing the electrical conductivity of the methane fermentation tank.
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